USA > New Jersey > New Jersey troops in the Gettysburg campaign from June 5 to July 31, 1863 > Part 1
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M.
GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01082 5047
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012
http://archive.org/details/newjerseytroops00toom
SAMUEL TOOMBS,
Co. F, 13th Regt. N. J. Vols., Inf. (From a War-time Photograph -- 1863.)
NEW JERSEY TROOPS
IN THE
GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN
FROM JUNE 5 TO JULY 31, 1863.
- BY - FORT
SAMUEL TOOMBS. THE
AUTHOR OF "REMINISCENCES OF THE WAR," AND HISTORIAN OF ยท THE VETERAN ASSOCIATION, THIRTEENTH NEW JERSEY VOLUNTEERS.
IDE & ALLEN CA EGLIC LIERAR OF
ILLUSTRATED
By Specially Drawn Maps of the Battle-Field, the Monuments Erected
: by the State of New Jersey, and Portraits of Brigade and Regimental Commanders.
ORANGE, N. J .: THE EVENING MAIL PUBLISHING HOUSE. 1888.
- Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1837, by SAMUEL TOOMBS,
In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.
DE
PRINTED AND BOUND AT THE ADVERTISER PRINTING HOUSE, NEWARK, N. J.
1429557
TO THE MEMORY OF THE GALLANT JERSEYMEN WHO SACRIFICED THEIR LIVES AT THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF THE UNION THIS BOOK IS REVERENTLY DEDICATED.
INTRODUCTORY.
A GREAT deal has already been written about Gettys- burg. The controversies which have arisen are confusing to those who wish to ascertain the exact truth, while they afford little that is interesting to the general public. Personal reminiscences of the events which there occurred have appeared in print in great number, and if it be true that "few events worth recording befell any man below the rank of major," the reader of this book will find relief in the fact that the writer has no wonderful or remarkable personal adventures to chronicle.
In its main features the battle of Gettysburg is treated very much the same by all the noted participants in that struggle who have written about it, varying only in details which are colored by the writer's own views as to their importance. In preparing for the work of recording the services of New Jersey troops, not only on the battle- field but throughout the whole campaign, beginning with the reconnoissance across the Rappahannock river on June 5, 1863, the best works on Gettysburg have been consulted and the official records of the battle have been examined and studied carefully, with the view of ascer- taining just what services the soldiers of New Jersey did perform; and in thus bringing to the surface the exper-
vi
INTRODUCTORY.
iences of the bivouac, the march, and the battle itself, as they were participated in by the men who represented the State of New Jersey in the Union Army, many interesting and valuable matters have been brought to light which otherwise might have perished.
While, therefore, the author has placed a certain limit upon the scope of this work, by which the valuable services rendered, the heroic achievements performed, and the personal sacrifices made by the patriotic sons of his native State on Gettysburg Heights are to be brought more particularly into prominence, the narrative will embrace the movements of the whole Army of the Poto- mac and record its priceless services to the Nation on the ground hallowed by the blood of thousands who met death as brave men wish to die.
The instances of personal bravery were more numerous at Gettysburg than in any other battle of the war. Both sides contributed their heroes, and the tragic manner in which the brave Southern General, Armistead, met his death, and the heroic Lieutenant Cushing fell at the post of duty, have already become immortalized as the two prominent instances of self-immolation during the strug- gle. There is a pathetic side to the death of Armistead, and there are those who believe he really courted it. When the news of the fall of Sumter reached the Pacific slope, the late Confederate General Albert Sidney John- ston was in command of that department. Generals Hancock, Armistead, Garnett and Pickett, were subordi- nate officers in the Regular Army, then stationed there, and many were the conferences held as to what should be their course in the pending troubles. The
vii
INTRODUCTORY.
Government very unceremoniously relieved General John- ston, and soon after this event a farewell meeting was held in the house of Captain Hancock. What resulted is thus related by Mrs. Hancock, in the volume of interesting " Reminiscences" of her husband : "The most crushed of the party was Major Armistead, who, with tears, which were contagious, streaming down his face, and hands upon Mr. Hancock's shoulders, while looking him steadily in the eye, said: 'Hancock, good-by ; you can never know what this has cost me, and I hope God will strike me dead if I am ever induced to leave my native soil, should worse come to worst.'" The dying words of Armi- stead, on Gettysburg battle-field: "Tell Hancock I have wronged him and have wronged my country," illustrate how great must have been the mental strain under which he labored during the continuance of the war, and what a sacrifice he made when he resigned his commission in the Regular Army, to take up arms in the defence of the dogma of State rights, which recognized allegiance to the National Government only as secondary to that of the State. Scores of other southern officers did the same, and that they acted from conscientious and honest motives cannot well be denied; but as in the case of Armistead, many of them felt that the South had adopted the wrong method for a redress of their supposed grievances, and that the war was forced upon them from other than patriotic motives. In the manner of his death Armistead's wish was gratified. How different was the last act of young Cushing, who commanded Bat- tery "A" Fourth United States Artillery, whose life blood ebbed away at almost the same moment that Armistead
viii
INTRODUCTORY.
received his death wound. Mortally wounded though he was, he summoned up all his strength and running his gun down into the very faces of the exultant foe, he turned to his commander and said: "Webb, I will give them one more shot," and when the last discharge was made, called out, "good-by" and fell dead by the side of his gun. With the spirit that pervaded these men, both armies fought at Gettysburg, and it is easily understood why the several encounters which took place on all parts of that field were so stubbornly and so vigorously contested.
The State of New Jersey has commemorated the services of her troops in enduring granite. To supple- ment this work by a faithful and accurate account of the exhaustive nature of these services has been the desire of the writer, who has received the cordial cooperation of many of the survivors, and is largely indebted also to Adjutant-General W. S. Stryker, his faithful assistant, Colonel James S. Kiger, Honorable William H. Corbin, Secretary of the New Jersey Battle-Field Commission, General Ezra A. Carman, General W. H. Penrose, Colonel William E. Potter, Major W. W. Morris, Captain William F. Hillyer, Thomas S. Marbaker, Historian Eleventh New Jersey Regiment, Captain H. F. Chew, George J. Hagar, Esq., and many others, members of the several regimental organizations, for valuable information and aid furnished. The government maps of Colonel J. B. Bachelder have also been consulted and to them the writer is largely indebted, as well as to Colonel Bachelder himself for very important information received. The maps on pages 155, 157 and 162 are from General Double-
1X
INTRODUCTORY.
day's book on "Chancellorsville and Gettysburg," Charles Scribner's Sons, publishers, who have kindly given permis- sion for their use. Those on pages 250, 251 and 301 are inserted only for general reference and do not conform literally to the text. The portraits, monuments and small maps were all made especially for this book from original photographs and drawings. S. T.
ORANGE, N. J., July 1, 1888.
NOTE .- The wrong totals appear at foot of table on page II. They should be: Officers, 512; men, 12,311; total, 12,823. These figures increase the percentage of waste as shown on page 12, line seven, from sixty to sixty-five per cent.
On page 64, first word, last line, should be southwest.
On page 139, eighth line, Harrisburg should be Gettysburg.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I .- New Jersey Regiments in the Army of the Potomac from 1861 to June 30, 1863, their assignments to duty and the commands with which they served - Tables showing losses for two years
CHAPTER II .- Resume of historical facts-Public feeling in the South-Temper of the Rebel Army-Position of both armies in June, 1863-The fight at Franklin's Crossing on the Rap- pahannock-Gallant charge by the Twenty-sixth New Jersey 16 CHAPTER III .- Lee's plan of campaign-Disposition of his forces -General Hooker mystified but not deceived-The cavalry fight at Brandy Station-The First New Jersey Cavalry's brilliant charge
I
CHAPTER IV .- Ewell's dashing advance through the valley-Mil- roy surprised at Winchester-The Fourteenth New Jersey on Maryland Heights-History of the corps badge-The New Jersey troops and their commanders-An exhaustive march 64
34
CHAPTER V .- Ewell at Williamsport - Jenkins' raid in Pennsyl- vania - Consternation throughout the North-New Jersey Volunteers go to the defence of Harrisburg - Hooker advances to a new line of observation-Incidents of the march-Execution of deserters-An incident of President Lincoln's mercy and why it failed.
79
CHAPTER VI .- From the Rappahannock to Gum Springs-Experi- ences of the Seventh New Jersey Regiment and the Second Brigade-Useless night work-An all-night march
99
xii
CONTENTS.
-CHAPTER VII .- Hooker's perplexities aggravated-A dashing cav- alry exploit - Lee's army in Pennsylvania - The Union forces cross the Potomac-Stuart's raid-General Hooker resigns IO8
"CHAPTER VIII .- The alarm in the North-New Jersey's Governor appeals to the President-The new Union commander- Movements of the armies-Reminiscenses of an officer of the Second New Jersey Brigade - The Thirteenth New Jersey at Littlestown-The night before the battle. I22
"CHAPTER IX .- The first day's fight at Gettysburg-Gallantry of Buford's troopers - Heroic resistance by the First Army Corps-Death of General Reynolds-Arrival of Howard and the retreat to Cemetery Ridge-Hancock's opportune arrival on the field 140
CHAPTER X .- The New Jersey troops coming on the field of battle -Rapid and exhaustive marching-The Eleventh Regiment undergo a fatiguing night march-The Second New Jersey Brigade march between the skirmish lines of both armies- The Twelfth Regiment in line of battle-The deployment of Sickles' line-The Thirteenth Regiment on Culp's Hill- Arrival of the First New Jersey Brigade at four o'clock-A forced march of thirty-five miles 174
CHAPTER XI .- The second day's battle-Sickles' new line-Long- street's attempt to turn the Federal left-The Second New "Jersey Brigade, the Eleventh Regiment, and Battery "B," First New Jersey Artillery, in action-Hood repulsed at Little Round Top-A gallant and successful charge by the Twelfth New Jersey Regiment-Casualties among the New Jersey troops 193
CHAPTER XII .- The second day's battle concluded-The Twelfth "" Corps' position attacked by Ewell's troops-Green's heroic defence-The attack on Cemetery Hill-A fierce and deadly hand-to-hand struggle-Return of the Twelfth Corps to the right during the night
259
....
X111.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XIII. - The Third day's battle - The Twelfth Corps charge the enemy at Culp's Hill and regain their works- The Second Massachusetts and the Twenty-seventh Indiana Regiments charge the enemy supported by the Thirteenth New Jersey Regiment-Lee foiled in his attack on the Fed- eral right. 268;
CHAPTER XIV .- The third day's battle concluded-Longstreet's charge on Cemetery Ridge-Disastrous repulse of Pickett's and Heth's divisions-Dreadful execution with "buck and ball" by the Twelfth New Jersey-Hexamer's old battery ("A" First New Jersey) engaged-The First New Jersey Cavalry win new laurels 277
CHAPTER XV .- After the battle-Scenes on the field-The care of the wounded-Effect of General Meade's order sending all wagons to the rear-Prompt. and effective service at the Twelfth Corps Hospital-Retreat of Lee's army and the pursuit 317
CHAPTER XVI .- Organization of the Gettysburg Battle-Field Com- mission-A record of its work-Description of the monu- ments 333.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF PORTRAITS. 359,
ILLUSTRATIONS.
AUTHOR
Frontispiece.
Map-Location of New Jersey Monuments
xvii
Major-General Joseph Hooker I3
Advance of Twenty-sixth New Jersey Volunteers 23
Captain Samuel U. Dodd 29
Major William W. Morris 35
Colonel Percy Wyndham 43
Major-General H. Judson Kilpatrick 53
Colonel Hugh H. Janeway
59
Lieutenant Rochus Heinisch 67
Major-General George G. Meade 75
Major-General A. T. A. Torbert 83
Colonel James N. Duffy 89
Lieutenant-Colonel William Henry, Jr. 95
Colonel Samuel L. Buck IOI
Colonel Henry N. Brown 109
Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Ewing II5
Brevet Major-General William J. Sewell 123
Colonel George C. Burling I3I
Colonel Louis R. Francine I4I
Map-Position of Troops July I 145 Brevet Major-General John Ramsey I47
Map-Advance of Davis' and Archer's Brigades I55
Map-Defeat of Davis and Archer 157
Brevet Major-General Robert McAllister
Map-Advance of Heth's Division against Doubleday 162
159
Brevet Colonel John Schoonover 165
Major John T. Hill 175
Map-First Position Thirteenth Regiment New Jersey Volunteers 182
PAGE.
xvi
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE.
Brevet Brigadier-General Ezra A. Carman
Brevet Brigadier-General Frederick H. Harris 185
Brevet Major A. Judson Clark 203
19I
Map-Position of Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Eleventh New Jersey Regiments-July 2 207
Captain Ambrose M. Matthews 2II
Brigadier-General William H. Penrose. 217
Monument First New Jersey Brigade 229
Monument Fifth Regiment New Jersey Volunteers 233
Monument Sixth Regiment New Jersey Volunteers 245
Map-The Fight for Little Round Top 246
Map-Ruger's Division Twelfth Corps 248
Map-Longstreet in Position for Attack on Sickles 250
Map-Union Line after Sickles' Defeat 25I
Monument Seventh Regiment New Jersey Volunteers 255
Map-Repulse of Louisiana Tigers 265
Map-Fourth Position of Thirteenth Regiment New Jersey Volunteers 267
Monument Eighth Regiment New Jersey Volunteers 269
Map-Twelfth Corps Charging on Culp's Hill 272
Map-Last Position Thirteenth Regiment New Jersey Volunteers_ 273.
Monument Eleventh Regiment New Jersey Volunteers 289
Map-Repulse of Longstreet's Charge July 3-Position of Twelfth New Jersey Volunteers 283
Marker Twelfth Regiment New Jersey Volunteers at Bliss Barn 29I
Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel William E. Potter 295
Map-The General Line of Battle at time of Pickett's Charge 30I
Map-New Jersey Regiments-July 2. 310
Monument Twelfth Regiment New Jersey Volunteers 3II
Monument Thirteenth Regiment New Jersey Volunteers 319
Surgeon J. J. H. Love 323
New Jersey Battle-Field Commission 335
Monument Battery "A" (Parsons') First New Jersey Artillery 339
Monument Battery "B" (Clark's) First New Jersey Artillery 349
Monument First New Jersey Cavalry 357
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xvi
ILLUSTRATIONS.
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Brevet Brigadier-General Ezra A. Carman
185
Brevet Brigadier-General Frederick H. Harris 19I
Brevet Major A. Judson Clark
203
Map-Position of Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Eleventh New Jersey Regiments-July 2 207
Captain Ambrose M. Matthews 2II
Brigadier-General William H. Penrose 1
217
Monument First New Jersey Brigade 229
Monument Fifth Regiment New Jersey Volunteers
233
Monument Sixth Regiment New Jersey Volunteers 245
Map-The Fight for Little Round Top 246
Map-Ruger's Division Twelfth Corps 248
Map-Longstreet in Position for Attack on Sickles 250
Map-Union Line after Sickles' Defeat 25I
Monument Seventh Regiment New Jersey Volunteers 255
Map-Repulse of Louisiana Tigers 265
Map-Fourth Position of Thirteenth Regiment New Jersey
Volunteers
267
Monument Eighth Regiment New Jersey Volunteers 269
Map-Twelfth Corps Charging on Culp's Hill 272
Map-Last Position Thirteenth Regiment New Jersey Volunteers_ 273
Monument Eleventh Regiment New Jersey Volunteers 289
Map-Repulse of Longstreet's Charge July 3-Position of Twelfth New Jersey Volunteers 283
Marker Twelfth Regiment New Jersey Volunteers at Bliss Barn 29I
Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel William E. Potter 295
Map-The General Line of Battle at time of Pickett's Charge 30I
Map-New Jersey Regiments-July 2 310
Monument Twelfth Regiment New Jersey Volunteers 3II
Monument Thirteenth Regiment New Jersey Volunteers 319
Surgeon J. J. H. Love. 323
New Jersey Battle-Field Commission 335
Monument Battery "A" (Parsons') First New Jersey Artillery 339
Monument Battery "B" (Clark's) First New Jersey Artillery 349
Monument First New Jersey Cavalry 357
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CHAPTER I.
NEW JERSEY REGIMENTS IN THE ARMY OF THE POTO- MAC FROM 1861 TO JUNE 30, 1863, THEIR ASSIGN- MENTS TO DUTY AND THE COMMANDS WITH WHICH THEY SERVED - TABLES SHOWING LOSSES FOR TWO YEARS.
T HE patriotism of the citizens of New Jersey during the stormy period of 1861-65, was attested on many occasions, not alone by the valor of her soldiery on scores of battle-fields, but by the promptness with which the people responded to the call of the National Government for troops, and the thorough manner in which the several organiza- tions were armed and equipped before leaving the State. No appeal by the general government was ever made to the State authorities for assistance in vain. Governor Olden cooperated heartily and cordi- ally with the President and Secretary of War in all their efforts to suppress the rebellion in its infancy, and at the very outbreak of hostilities forwarded to Washington a brigade of four regiments, aggregating three thousand men, for three months' service under command of General Theodore Runyon. This bri- gade was fully armed and equipped at the expense
2
NEW JERSEY TROOPS
of the State and was the first completely equipped body of troops to make its appearance at the National Capital, where it was greeted with the utmost grati- fication by the President. The Secretary of War feelingly appreciated the promptness of the State authorities in so generously and effectively aiding the National Government in its efforts to preserve its own integrity, and in a letter to Governor Olden cordially acknowledged the great service thus ren- dered, and in the name of the government tendered its sincere thanks to the people of the commonwealth.
The theory entertained by the National authorities that the rebellion would be crushed out in three months' time soon proved erroneous. The rebellious states waxed bolder and bolder in their defiance of the National Government and resisted every offer of peace so determinedly, that a call was issued for thirty-nine regiments of infantry and one of cavalry to serve for three years or during the war, the quota for New Jersey being three regiments of infantry. Before another month had expired a second demand was made upon the State, this time for five additional regiments, all to serve for the same period of time. Under these calls there were promptly raised two brigades of infantry and two batteries of artillery, as follows :
First Regiment-Colonel, William R. Montgomery. Second Regiment-Colonel, George W. McLean. Third Regiment-Colonel, George W. Taylor.
3
IN THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.
Fourth Regiment-Colonel, James H. Simpson.
Battery "A" First New Jersey Artillery-Captain William Hexamer, Commanding.
These regiments formed the First New Jersey Bri- gade, and were assigned to duty with Franklin's Division. General Philip Kearny was commissioned by Governor Olden and placed in command of the brigade. The Second Brigade was composed of the following :
Fifth Regiment-Colonel, Samuel H. Starr. Sixth Regiment-Colonel, James T. Hatfield. Seventh Regiment-Colonel, Joseph W. Revere. Eighth Regiment-Colonel, Adolphus J. Johnson. Battery "B" First New Jersey Artillery-Captain John E. Beam, Commanding.
This brigade was assigned to Hooker's Division where it became a great favorite and was eventually known as "Hooker's Old Guard." It formed the Third Brigade of the Second Division, Third Army Corps, and was commanded by Colonel Starr of the Fifth Regiment, the senior officer.
Rapidly as these organizations were formed the opportunities presented for enlistment were not suffi- cient to satisfy the desires of a great many who were anxious to go to the war. Thousands of Jersey- men enlisted in the regiments of other States, and whole companies left Newark, Elizabeth, Rahway, Orange and other places and were incorporated with
4
NEW JERSEY TROOPS
New York and Pennsylvania regiments and credited to those States.
The Ninth Regiment was specially authorized by the War Department as a rifle regiment, and in a short time its ranks were full. Under the command of Colonel Joseph W. Allen it proceeded to North Carolina, as part of the Burnside Expedition, gaining immediate renown at the Battle of Roanoke Island.
The War Department also gave direct authority for the raising of an infantry regiment in the State, to be known as the "Olden Legion." The Governor strenuously opposed this movement, and would have nothing whatever to do with it. Finally the State agreed to accept it and the Governor commissioned William R. Murphy its Colonel, and designated it as the Tenth Regiment.
In August 1861, a regiment of cavalry known as " Halstead's Horse " was ordered to be recruited in the State by the direct authority of President Lin- coln, and the companies as soon as formed were forwarded to Washington. Like the Tenth Infantry, dissatisfaction, wrangling and vexation ensued, and finally the State authorities were prevailed upon to accept it, when it became the First New Jersey Cavalry with Sir Percy Wyndham as its Colonel.
On July 7th, 1862, a call was issued for three hundred thousand men to serve for three years or during the war, under which the following organiza- tions were formed and sent to Washington :
5
IN THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.
Eleventh Regiment -- Colonel, Robert McAllister. Twelfth Regiment-Colonel, Robert C. Johnson. Thirteenth Regiment-Colonel, Ezra A. Carman. Fourteenth Regiment-Colonel, William S. Truex. Fifteenth Regiment -- Colonel, Samuel Fowler.
Instead of brigading these troops together, the exigencies of the service demanded their immediate presence in Washington as soon as possible after their muster-in. The Eleventh Regiment was assigned to Carr's Brigade, Sickles' Division, Third Army Corps ; the Twelfth Regiment to the Second Brigade, Third Division, Second Army Corps; the Thirteenth Regi- ment to Gordon's Brigade, Williams' Division, Banks' Corps; the Fourteenth Regiment to a Provisional Brigade, Middle Division, Eighth Army Corps; and the Fifteenth to the First New Jersey Brigade, First Division, Sixth Army Corps.
The State had shown commendable promptness in forwarding its troops to the seat of war, and the repeated calls upon the people for volunteer soldiers were responded to with alacrity. The total number of three years troops furnished to the Government by New Jersey up to this period amounted to six hundred and twenty-eight officers and fifteen thou- sand two hundred and seventy-seven enlisted men ; total fifteen thousand nine hundred and five. These figures are from the Adjutant General's report, the original muster of each regiment being as follows:
6
NEW JERSEY TROOPS
ORGANIZATION.
OFFICERS.
MEN.
TOTAL.
First Regiment Cavalry.
44
998
1,042
First Regiment Artillery Battery A.
5
I5I
I56
First Regiment Artillery Battery B __
5
I59
164
First Regiment Infantry.
38
996
1,034
Second Regiment Infantry
38
1,006
1,044
Third Regiment Infantry
38
1,013
1,05I
Fourth Regiment Infantry
38
871
909
Fifth Regiment Infantry
38
823
861
Sixth Regiment Infantry.
38
860
898
Seventh Regiment Infantry
38
882
920
Eighth Regiment Infantry
38
851
889
Ninth Regiment Infantry
42
I,II5
1,157
Tenth Regiment Infantry
35
883
918
Eleventh Regiment Infantry
39
940
979
Twelfth Regiment Infantry
39
953
992
Thirteenth Regiment Infantry
38
899
937
Fourteenth Regiment Infantry
39
968
1,007
Fifteenth Regiment Infantry
38
909
947
628
15,277
15,905
With the single exception of the Ninth Regiment these organizations all served, at one time or another, with the Army of the Potomac in the field, and deduct- ing the number represented by the Ninth Regiment, the actual number of men furnished by New Jersey to that Army was five hundred and eighty-six officers and fourteen thousand one hundred and sixty-two enlisted men, a total of fourteen thousand seven hundred and forty-eight. The First and Second New Jersey Bri- gades followed the fortunes of the Army of the Potomac through all its checkered career from the Peninsula campaign under McClellan to the surrender of Lee at Appomattox, winning imperishable renown
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