USA > New Jersey > New Jersey troops in the Gettysburg campaign from June 5 to July 31, 1863 > Part 13
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6TH NEW JERSEY VOLUNTEERS 30 BAIG BURUNGT 20 DIV-30 CORP'S ERECTED BY THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY 1888
MONUMENT 6TH REGIMENT N. J. VOLS., INF.
246.
NEW JERSEY TROOPS
arrived just in time to learn that the gallant Vincent and the brave O'Rorke had both been killed, and their troops menaced by another assault from Hood's persistent veterans. Moving to the right Hood sought to turn the flank of the Twentieth Maine. He opened a sharp fire along the whole line, and Weed, who was standing near Hazlett's battery encouraging his men, received a mortal wound, while Hazlett in stooping down to hear his dying words, was struck by the bullet SSTOAV2 Cross_Rd of a sharp-shooter and fell upon the 95 Px dead body of his C 145 M ROUND friend a corpse. The SOPA enemy moved to the / HOOD'S I'ME. (40 NY right to get in Cham- 16 MICH 44 NYE berlain's rear, and in ROAD TANEY TOWN REBEL - - - so doing was com- D VIS 93P CROSS ROAD pelled to weaken his UNION -- line. Chamberlain The Fight for LITTLE ROUND TOP on JULY 2. 1863. noticing the fact boldly charged upon the attacking force capturing over three hundred of them and before they could recover from their surprise at this seeming piece of audacity, Chamberlain, at the point of the bayonet forced the remainder down the mountain side. It was a glorious achievement, but only one of many of like nature which characterized the battle of Gettysburg.
While this conflict for Little Round Top was going
247
IN THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.
on, Caldwell's division was advancing to meet the victorious troops of Anderson and Kershaw, who had driven back but had not penetrated the line of Birney and Barnes. The "Irish Brigade" commanded by Colonel Kelley, formed amid the dreadful sounds of the conflict, and before going into action, the chaplain, a Catholic priest, ascended a rocky bowlder and pro- nounced a general absolution for the whole brigade. At the word of command they dashed impetuously upon Anderson's line and brought his troops to a halt. Cross and Zook and Burke's brigades in turn assailed the enemy, but a movement by Wofford, who boldly dashed into the line in his eagerness to aid Barksdale, who had advanced in two lines of battle against the Peach Orchard, compelled Birney, Humphreys, Barnes and Caldwell's divisions to re-form on the main line, and relinquish the Emmetsburg road and the whole of the ground back to Little Round Top, to the enemy.
General Meade had sent for reinforcements from all parts of the battle-field, and troops from the First. Sixth and Twelfth Corps were promptly moving to the scene. Hill had begun a lively cannonade on the position of Cemetery Hill to which the batteries there responded vigorously and effectively. Meade in his great desire to preserve the left had stripped the right of his line, by ordering the whole of the Twelfth Corps to the support of Sickles, but to this movement General Slocum warmly protested. At his earnest solicitation Green's brigade of Geary's division was permitted to remain on Culp's Hill, and
248
NEW JERSEY TROOPS
by extending his several regiments in a thin line along the works was able to occupy a good portion of them, but not all. At half-past seven o'clock Ruger's divi- sion took up position in line with Doubleday's division of the First Corps and Birney's of the Third Corps, forming in two lines of battle, Colgrove's brigade in front, and McDougall in rear. Lockwood's brigade, which had arrived earlier, was led by General Meade into the very jaws of the enemy, and by their suc- cessful charge, enabled 2 . B. PIKE. the new line to become more firmly established. DOUBLEDA This movement brought the Thirteenth New Jersey Regiment, Col. ROAD POWERS HIRE Ezra A. Carman, to the RUGER. CROSS ROAD TO B. PIKE scene of conflict. The ROBINSON, 17 Thirteenth had been +112 massed on the south- CALDWELL TANEYTOWN easterly slope of Culp's Hill at an early hour in BIR NEY GARNES the morning, when Meade's orders to charge Ewell's line had been given, and on the abandonment of that scheme, relieved the Third Wisconsin Regiment in McAllister's wood to the south of Spangler's Run. The Twelfth ?. Corps had thrown up a line of small breastworks along the crest of Culp's Hill, and in McAllister's woods, and when ordered to the left vacated them all except that part of the line held by Green's brigade of Geary's division on the summit of Culp's Hill.
249
IN THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.
Meade had called upon every corps in the army, during the day, except the Eleventh, for reinforce- ments to Sickles' line, and they all moved promptly to the left, where they were put in at every exposed point. The wounding of Sickles, put Birney in tem- porary command of the Third Corps, but by order of General Meade, Hancock was placed in command of the corps in addition to his own. Hancock performed herculean service. His watchful eye detected every weak spot in the line and he promptly protected it. The attack culminated by the effort of Wilcox, Perry and Wright's brigades to break through Humphreys' line, and Wright succeeded in piercing the centre of the Federal position by the capture of four guns. Wilcox was almost in a line with him, but General Newton sent forward Doubleday's division of the First Corps who reached Webb's line in time to see Wright falling back, but they pursued him sharply and recaptured six guns which had been in the enemy's possession. By Hancock's own order the First Minne- sota Regiment bravely attacked Wilcox, and drove him back as far as the Emmetsburg road, but with a loss of half its men.
Never before had the artillery branch of the service endured such a tremendous strain. The loss in horses and men was unusually heavy, and the abandonment of so many guns by the Federals shows with what desperation the fighting was carried on. Batteries were kept at work until there were not lett enough men and horses to draw them away, and Bigelow's battery, which took position near the Trostle house,
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252
NEW JERSEY TROOPS
was deliberately sacrificed, the men firing canister until they could no longer load owing to the close approach of the enemy. Clark's battery ("B" First New Jersey) was in the very thickest of all this car- nage. When Kershaw's line penetrated into the Peach Orchard a South Carolina regiment moved boldly up to Clark's pieces. A Pennsylvania regiment lying in the " sunken road " concealed, rose up and poured a deadly volley into their faces which caused them to retire in confusion. From 2 p. m. until 6.30 Clark's battery was in continual action, and when at the retiring of the infantry column, it was compelled to fall back, one caisson and one caisson-body were left on the field there being no horses to draw them off. The loss in the battery was 2 men killed, 15 wounded, 3 missing, 2 of whom were taken prisoners. Seventeen horses were killed and five so badly disabled that they were abandoned. The casualties were as follows :
Killed-Thomas N. Post, Jr., Rensallaer Cassel- man .- 2.
Wounded-Sergeant Leander McChesney, Privates Richard S. Price, Joseph M. Morris, 1 Hiram A. Grover, 2 Hiram Tierney, 3 Edson E. Sheppard, Patrick F. Castello, William Riley, Robert Stuart, 4John Truly, Anthony Collier, Joseph Baker, Chileon D. Richards, Leopold Smally, 5 Stephen McGowan .- 15.
1 Hiram A. Grover, 2 Hiram Tierney, of the Second Michigan Volunteers ; 3 Edson E. Sheppard, 4 John Truly, of the Sixty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers ; and 5 Stephen McGowan of the Ninety- ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, were temporarily attached to the battery, and were not members of it.
253
IN THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.
Missing-Privates Henry C. Buffum, Henry E. Davis, Daniel W. Laws-all prisoners of war .- 3.
Colonel McGilvery, who commanded the First Volunteer Brigade, Artillery Reserve, describes the artillery fighting at this part of the line :
" A New Jersey battery (Clark's "B" First New Jersey Artillery) immediately on the right of the two Massachusetts batteries, was receiving the most of the fire of two or more rebel batteries. Hart's Fifteenth New York Independent Battery reporting at that time I placed it in position in a peach orchard on the right and a little to the front of the New Jersey battery. The four batteries already mentioned presented a front at nearly right angles with the position occupied by our troops, facing toward our left, the fire of which I concentrated on single rebel batteries, and five or more were driven in succession from their positions.
" At about a quarter to six the enemy's infantry gained possession of the woods immediately on the left of my line of batteries and our infantry fell back both on the right and left, when great disorder ensued on both flanks of the line of batteries. At this period of the action all of the batteries were exposed to a warm infantry fire from both flanks and front, whereupon I ordered them to retire two hundred and fifty yards and renew their fire. The New Jersey battery was relieved, being out of ammunition, and retired to the rear. Captain Bigelow retired by prolonge, firing canister, and with Phillips and Thompson on the right,
254
NEW JERSEY TROOPS
in their new position checked the enemy for a short time."
During the fighting on Sickles' front the enemy's skirmishers kept up an annoying fire upon the Second Corps' line. Their reserves occupied an old building, known as the Bliss barn, which also commanded the line, and about five o'clock in the afternoon General Hayes directed Colonel Smyth, commanding the Sec- ond Brigade, to dislodge them. Colonel Smyth called upon the Twelfth New Jersey Regiment, whereupon the whole regiment arose to volunteer, when he indi- cated that a detachment of four companies would be sufficient for the work in hand. The barn mentioned was of brick, was five hundred and eighty-seven yards from the line, and it and the line of the Twelfth's advance were so completely covered by the fire of the enemy's skirmishers and artillery, that it was known that serious loss must result from the attack. Major John T. Hill detached for this service compa- nies B, H, E and G, under command of Captain Samuel B. Jobes, the ranking officer.
The column moved out by the flank to the right of the Bryan barn; then, formed by company into line. As the rear cleared the wall the movement came under the eyes of the whole brigade and of part of Gibbons' division, and of Robinson's division of the First Corps upon the right, and now in close formation the Twelfth begins its march. The artillery of Hill's Corps opened upon the line at once, the enemy's skirm- ishers poured in an annoying fire, his reserve from the
MONUMENT 7TH REGIMENT N. J. VOLS., INF.
256
NEW JERSEY TROOPS
the shelter of the barn thinned its ranks, Jobes was wounded, Captain Horsfalls, of Company E, was killed, and 40 men out of the 200 were stricken down ; but there was no wavering in that brave column of Jerseymen.
Bringing their arms to the right shoulder, and taking the double quick, with ringing cheers they burst through the enemy's skirmish line with the might of a giant, and in one bold mass closed down upon, surrounded and captured the Bliss barn, with the enemy's picket reserve of ninety-two men and seven officers, and bringing their prisoners with them, regained our lines.
No bolder attack was made upon that well-contested field, and it deservedly gave the regiment a reputa- tion for gallantry which it never lost.
The battle on the left had been a bloody one. Long- street's men, nerved to their work by the belief that victory would surely follow their assault and this be followed by the speedy ending of the war, fought with a valor and heroism unsurpassed; but they had not only the physical force of the Union army to contend against. Every man in it who handled a musket or wielded a sabre felt that Lee's army was in their power, and never once thought of defeat. This battle ground meant defeat for one side or the other, and no man in the Army of the Potomac believed defeat possible for them. The driving in of the First and Eleventh Corps the day before had not disheartened them ; but as the news of the rout at the first battle of Bull Run created a feeling throughout the North
257
IN THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.
that the rebellion should be put down at whatever cost, so the defeat of these two corps on the first day of July made the determination of Meade's soldiers to win, all the stronger.
The fighting for the day had not been confined wholly to Sickles' front, and though Longstreet had failed to turn the left of the army, yet sufficient ground had been wrested from the Union line to give a semblance of victory to his desperate efforts. The Third Corps had been defeated, but the Union line of battle was intact. A startling report, however, came to Meade's ears from the right of the line, which he. had stripped to reinforce Sickles. This was to the effect that Ewell had advanced and occupied the posi- tion vacated by the Twelfth Corps !
CORRECTION .- In the final revision of the casualty lists of the regiments engaged in the second day's fight- ing, certain changes were made which were not car- ried forward in the recapitulation, and this omission was not discovered until too late for correction. The following tables show the losses sustained by the sev- eral New Jersey troops on that occasion, compared with the number reported present for duty on June 30. From the latter an allowance of fifteen per cent. for detailed men should be made to get at the actual number present for action :
I7
258
NEW JERSEY TROOPS
CASUALTIES ON JULY 2.
OFFICERS.
ENLISTED MEN.
Killed.
Wounded.
Total.
Killed.
Wounded.
Missing.
Total.
Aggregate.
Battery " B" Ist N. J. Artillery
NI 2
5
7
IO
61
I6
87
94
Sixth Regiment.
3
3
I
29
8
38
4I
Seventh Regiment
I
9
IO
I4
77
I2
103
II3
Eighth Regiment
7
7
8
33
I
42
49
Eleventh Regiment
3
IO
13
20
II3
7
140
I53
Total
6
34
40
55
328
47
430
470
PRESENT FOR DUTY JUNE 30.
OFFICERS.
MEN.
TOTAL.
Battery " B" Ist N. J. Artillery
4
I39
I43
Fifth Regiment
15
206
22I
Sixth Regiment
I3
233
246
Seventh Regiment
22
309
33I
Eighth Regiment
I3
185
198
Eleventh Regiment.
-
275
Total
1,414
-
2
I5
3
20
20
Fifth Regiment
CHAPTER XII.
THE SECOND DAY'S BATTLE CONCLUDED - THE TWELFTH CORPS POSITION ATTACKED BY EWELL'S TROOPS-GREEN'S HEROIC DEFENCE-THE ATTACK ON CEMETERY HILL - A FIERCE AND DEADLY
HAND-TO-HAND STRUGGLE - RETURN OF THE TWELFTH CORPS TO THE RIGHT DURING THE NIGHT.
G ENERAL LEE'S orders for a simultaneous attack on the right and left of the Union line miscarried, but had they been promptly acted upon he would not have been any more successful. It would have prevented the stripping of Slocum's line, which would have made the Union position on the right still more difficult, if not impossible, to carry, and the Sixth Corps could have been utilized for the duty which called the Twelfth Corps away. Had Longstreet turned the Federal left and got in rear of the Union army, that would no doubt have made a great difference in the situation, but the left of Meade's line did not rest where Lee thought it was, and when after the most stubborn and heroic resistance ever made by any body of troops, the Third Corps was forced back, it was not upon a demoralized body of
260
NEW JERSEY TROOPS
men, but to the original line of battle, to defend which Meade had more troops at command than could be used. It was really better for General Lee that the attack by Ewell was delayed, but the advantage he had gained was lost by the ignorance which caused Johnson's division to halt all night long in the vacated works of the Twelfth Corps.
It seems strange to those who have always consid- ered General Lee, par excellence, the one great soldier developed by the war, that he should have left Ewell wholly dependent upon his sense of hearing to fix the precise time of his attack. The instructions to Ewell were to advance as soon as he heard the firing of Longstreet's guns. The time fixed for the latter's assault, after innumerable delays, was four o'clock, and at that hour the fighting had begun in dead earnest along Birney's front. But another providen- tial circumstance favored the Union army. The wind blowing directly from Ewell carried the sound of Longstreet's artillery and the Union batteries reply- ing to it, to the southwest, so that he did not hear it at all! Nearly one hundred pieces of artillery on both sides kept up a continuous and rapid firing, not two miles from Ewell's front, and the deafening roar of musketry which accompanied it, made a noise loud enough to have drowned the sound of a dozen Niagaras, but Ewell might as well have been a deaf man on that occasion. His silence led Meade into the false belief that no danger was to be apprehended from that quarter, and he had therefore stripped his
261
IN THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.
right, instead of utilizing his reserves, to reinforce the threatened left.
Ruger's division of the Twelfth Corps, on it arrival at the left, formed in two lines of battle west of the Taneytown road ; while Geary, who evidently misun- derstood the orders given him, moved to the extreme right and halted on the Baltimore pike, east of Rock Creek, two miles from the fighting on the left and at least a mile to the right of his position on Culp's Hill, with no enemy in his front.
About six o'clock Hill opened with his batteries in pursuance of the original plan, on the Union centre, and Ewell, hearing his guns, formed for the proposed attack. His line, it will be remembered, extended from Benner's Hill on the left which was occupied by Johnson's division, Early's division being to his right and fronting Cemetery Hill and the ridge connecting it with Culp's Hill, while Rodes' division occupied the streets of Gettysburg, and extending to the right fronted Cemetery Hill proper. It is also urged as a reason why Ewell did not sooner advance, that he had sent two of his brigades on a wild-goose chase on the York road, because of a report that a body of Federal infantry had moved in that direction, and he was waiting for their return. However, about seven o'clock, just as the Twelfth Corps was vacating its line, Johnson's division was moving down to Rock Creek, his march being concealed by the thick woods into which he entered. The nature of the ground was unfavorable for the use of artillery and Johnson left his on Benner's Hill.
262
NEW JERSEY TROOPS
The line of works constructed by the First Brigade of Ruger's division and by the One Hundred and Seventh New York and Thirteenth New Jersey Regi- ments of Colgrove's brigade, were practically defence- less. General Green had extended his brigade in a thin line to cover the position vacated by Geary and could furnish little more than a weak skirmish line for the defence of the entire slope. He also established a picket line along the bank of the stream, but Johnson's movements were unperceived by them.
Culp's Hill, which Johnson was ordered to assault is a thickly wooded eminence, and the approaches to the summit are obstructed by numerous rocks and immense bowlders. The troops of Williams had util- ized many of these rocks as a means of defence by con- necting them with a line of works made of logs, stones, branches of trees and whatever could be utilized for the purpose. This afforded ample protection against™ the musketry fire of an infantry column and would have been difficult to carry.
Johnson's line advanced with Steuart on the left, Jones on his right, supported respectively by Williams' and Nichols' brigades. Rock Creek, which separated them from Culp's Hill, is a shallow stream, and easily forded. Crossing boldly they soon drove in the Union pickets, and Steuart advanced to the vacated works on the south followed by Williams. These were easily taken, but Jones who advanced to attack the left of Green met with stubborn opposition. Green, how- ever, was hard pressed. Steuart was on a line with
263
IN THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.
his works, and to prevent a flank attack, Green shortened his line and extended it obliquely to the west, and sent an urgent demand for assistance. The fighting waxed hotter and hotter. Attacked by a force three times larger than his own, he held them all at bay and inflicted severe injuries upon the enemy. Jones was badly wounded and Nichols moved promptly up to his relief. At this time a brigade from the Eleventh Corps came to Green's assistance, and Wadsworth extended his line to the right in support. Night soon settled down upon the scene and the con- flict ended save by a desultory firing which continued for some time.
When Johnson's division moved down to the attack on Culp's Hill, Ewell ordered Early and Rodes to advance and attack in their front. This movement, which should have been performed in unison appears to have been affected by a misunderstanding of orders. Early moved at once with the brigades of Hays and Hoke (Avery commanding), with Gordon's brigade in reserve. The Confederate artillery on Benner's Hill opened fire upon the Union position, but the batteries on Cemetery Hill soon silenced it. As the brigades of Early advanced to the slope of the hill, their movement was aided by the houses and other buildings which concealed them from the Union line, and when they reached the ascending ground the batteries in their front were trained upon them, but the guns could not be depressed sufficiently to do effective work.
It was now eight o'clock, and Rodes ought to have
264
NEW JERSEY TROOPS
been in position on the left to assault there, but that officer had some difficulty in getting through the streets of the town to the position he desired, and lost thereby considerable time. Advancing the bri- gades of Iverson, Ramseur and Doles toward the western face of Cemetery Hill a short distance he halted them, evidently intending to await the result of Early's attack. When the brigades of Hays and Avery emerged on the open ground to ascend the slope, they brushed away Von Gilsa's brigade of the Eleventh Corps, and rushed for the summit. Their left flank became exposed to the Fifth Maine Bat- tery, which poured an enfilading fire down their whole line, but without checking them. In an instant they were among the guns of Weiderick's and Rick- ett's batteries, capturing the former and spiking two of Rickett's guns. The order had been given to these gallant artillerists not to retreat under any circum- stances, but to fight to the last moment, and right loyally they obeyed. The fighting was hand-to-hand, rammers being used as clubs, and hand-spikes and even stones, being hurled into the faces of the enemy. This movement of the enemy brought their left flank in front of Stevens' battery, which opened a terrible fire of double canister upon them, and the Thirty- third Massachusetts poured in, obliquely to their line, a destructive musketry fire, but still they fought on desperately, vainly expecting Rodes' division to attack on the other side. In fact the Federal line was pre- pared for just this sort of thing, and Hancock momen-
265
IN THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.
tarily expected Rodes' line to advance; but his trained ear heard the desperate fighting going on to the right and rear of his position, and as the enemy in his front remained stationary, he detached Carroll's brigade to the rescue of Howard's guns. Advancing with a firm tread they soon came in sight of the bat- tle and moving rapidly over the hill plunged with cheers and shouts into the midst of the enemy, who re treated hastily. EAST CEMETERY HILL As they went flying down the HIO 1078. 25.0 NY slope the Fed- 17 ct WEID RIC K. e.ral batteries ROAD 68 NY opened a raking HEYNOW IST PA RICKEY BANOROUT 5 fire upon them CARROLL STEVEN +19/1/17 WHO 17 IND 4+D. practically an- PIKE, 33 MASS HOWARD nihilating Hays' TEINWEHR SCHURE 150 TANEYTO CEMETERY " Louisiana Ti- HIL gers," which went into the CARRALL fight one thou- BALTIMORE Repulse of LOUISIANA TIGERS NIGHT OF JULY. 2 1863. sand seven hun- dred and fifty strong and returned with scarcely one hundred and fifty men! The Eleventh Corps' line was restored, and Carroll's brigade, which did such signal service was by the request of Howard permitted to remain on that part of the line.
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