USA > New Jersey > Hudson County > History of Essex and Hudson counties, New Jersey, Vol. II > Part 131
USA > New Jersey > Essex County > History of Essex and Hudson counties, New Jersey, Vol. II > Part 131
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1211
CITY OF HOBOKEN.
The present city lies in latitude 40 44' 21" north, times when even at low tide the water in the river and longtitude 74' 1' 54" west from Greenwich.
Topography. Hoboken contais about two hun- dred and seventy acres of upland and four hundred and fifty acres of meadow, of which about ninety acres of upland and one hundred and forty acres of meadow are built upon. Serpentine is the under- lying rock of the Hoboken up land ; blue mud under lies the meadow. The borings, which have been taken from time to time through this mud, indicate that it rests on a foundation of sand or gravet, and that it gradually increases in depth easterly from the upland to the Palisades, being sonne places over one hundred feet deep. The surface of then eadow before the tides were cut off was about on the level of mean high water ; but since the river is, to a certain extent, kept off the meadow by tide-gates and street em- bankments the surface has sunk from one and a half to two feet below mean high tide.
The meadow streets of Hoboken that have been graded are generally filled in to the height of about two feet above high water. The city was originally founded on the upland- bordering the Hudson River and west of the promontory known as " C'estle Point " but during the last thirty years it has spread westerly over the swamp land lying along the fost of the Palisades.
The average altitude of the entire city above mean high water is about twelve feet, while that of Castle Point is one hundred feet, and the top of the precipitous heights of the l'alisade range. which bounds Hoboken on the west and north, and on which are located Jersey City Heights, West Hoboken, town of U'mon and Weehawken, range from one hundred to two hundred feet above the level of the sea. The uplands of the city (except Castle Point, containing thirty acres, which is the private ground of the Stevens family) range from eight to twenty-five feet above high tide. The soil is of a stiff clavey nature, with no rock near the surface. The uplands of Hoboken no doubt originally formed an island, which were cut off from the Palisades by the waters of the Hudson River for a width of about fifteen hundred and fifty feet.
The depth of the water in the channel of the Hud- son River opposite Hoboken is about sixty feet; the bottom is blue mud or silt ; the same is found under- lying the meadow lands of Hoboken. The depth to hard bottom of the Hudson River is about one hundred and twenty-five feet below mean high tidle.
The average difference between mean high and mean low water in the Hudson River at Hoboken is four feet and six inches. During northeasterly or northerly storms, especially in time of high spring tide, the level of the water in the Hudson River is several feet higher than mean low water, the greatest difference that has been noted being three feet, nine and a half inches, that is to say, there have been
was nine and a half in hes higher than the surfe auf the meadows. On several occasions the water has risen more than three fret higher then mem high wat r, and, of course at each times the water in the river was four and a half feet higher than the level of the meadows and one tout higher than the established grade of the meadow streets.
Sewage. There are six se wer outlets from Home- ken, two of these nath sewers are of wood, almut four fet square, and lie in ind are in tendel to drain culs the meadow lands; one is a large brick & wer, which is very deep, and is intended as an onthe for lateral sewers on the upland as well as for draming the meadows; the other three main s wers all drain the uplands. All the meadow sewers are Onsatisfactory The upland sewer- are efficient. The tudal box crain system for the meadows has already cost the city for- ing Cho last fifteen years ale it one banded and fifty thousand dollars. They have proved to be simple elongated cesspools, wloch retain all the refus which drains into them. They are almost entirely useless in time of heavy sorms. Som times they are tale locked for days together, and there Is no escape for the sewage except by evaporation. There is se klom any escape for the refuse ca ept by putrefaction. 1 careful examination of health statistics in Is;5 showed the death-rate on the worst portion of the meadow districts to be thirty-even per thousand annually, while on the better portion of the upland it was only twenty per thousand. Earnest and repe te I efforts during the last Twelve years to introduce a low level system of drainage on the meadows has been unsuccessful, notwithstanding the fact that the prat- ticability and economy of a pumping system has not only been demonstratedl in other cities, but in certain portions of this city as well. The more intelligent portion of the community, as well as a majority of the landed interest, has strongly advocated the low level system, but it has been invariably defeated by those who are the greatest sufferers from the pres nt condition of affairs, to wit: those living on the meadows.
Sanitary Condition of Hoboken. -- In 1-79 the New Jersey State Sanitary Association selected Hoboken as a city peculiarly well-fitted for determining the effect ofsoil, contour, and drainage on the death rate. An entirely original and exhaustive examinutim was made, from which the following fuets, never before published, were ascertained. The examination was confined to the year 1875, that being the latest census year and the first complete year of the Hudson County Board of Health. No deaths were considered except those who had previously resided in Iloboken ; all deredents from the public hospitals, formerly non- resident, were omitted.
The general death-rate in the I'nited States in 1870 was 21.60 per 1000; New York City in 1575, 29. 17 per 1000 ; Hoboken in 1875, 27 3) per 1 KM).
U
1212
HISTORY OF HUDSON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY.
The Worth-rates per thousand living at the follow- ng ages a life, was .-
AD United States.
New York.
Hoboken.
Unter 1 year . . . . 170
307.1
139
Itwon land wars. 35
8.2
7.8
... 21
22
19.30
The object of the investigation was especially to locate three classes of diseases,-
Zymotic diseases, or those which are considered preventable under proper sanitary regulations, viz. : cholera, diphtheria, scarlet fever, croup, etc.
Filth, or diarrheal diseases, a certain class of zymotie diseases, supposed to be generated by human . Acrement, viz. : cholera infantum, dysentery, diarr- hw, and typhoid fever.
Moisture diseases, or those which are supposed to be aggravated by the moisture of the soil, viz. : maras- mus, consumption, pneumonia and bronchitis.
It was found that before the influence of soil and drainage upon the death-rate coull be ascertained, there were two elements in relation to the population which would have to be considered, 1, the age dis- tribution. 2, nationality.
I'NDENSED LIFE TABLES OF THE UNITED STATES, NEW YORK CITY AND HOBOKEN WECIFIED MES.
United States, 1-20.
Population at Sper-
1.100,175 1>7, 195
170
11,50
18.9%
VHEATH .
4, 114, = AX
1-7,231
62.46
14.50
41 1.
Between fiveand tweb-
13,641,490
106,051
-. 10
5.4k
12. 74
Dier wenty years
19 47,007
3×2.136
20.
50300
4.1. 11
All ages . .
All wer five years . . 33,038,497
New York ( ly, 1x15.
I'nder one year Between one and five
27,782
8,540
307 40
2,6 4
27 8
year" .
100,387
6,308
63.
9.6 %
20.54
All utwler five years .
128, 169
14,848
115.50
12.20%
Between five ant twen- ...... .
314,421
2,584
A.S
30.20/
8.4 %
Over twenty years .
1,041,88G
30,709
20 17
100.00%
All . ver five years . .
913,717
15,80]
17.30
87.40
51.6
Hoboken, 1875.
I'nder mr VA .
1,55
219
139.
31.84
Between olle and five
2,914
110
68.
11 64
21.5%
All under fire yera .
1,40
388
86.1
14.1.
56.3%
Between five and twen-
61
31 74
8.9%
124 J
2.40
00.24
All age . . . . .
24 766
1000), ₲
All over five years . .
20 277
301
14.9
$1 9
43.74
The above life tables show that about one-half of all deaths occur among children under five years of age. being 56.30 per cent. in Hoboken, 48.40 in New York and 41.40 in the United States ; while the pro- portion of children under five years of age to the total population was 18.10 per cent. in Hoboken, 12.20 per cent. in New York and 14.80 per cent. in the United States.
The Effect of Nationality on the Death-Rate .- This may be shown in either of two ways; the first. and most common, but entirely incorrect method, is simply to consider the nativity of the population.
LIFE TABLE OF HOBOKEN, 1875- NATIVITY.
BIRTHPLACE.
Population of rach speci-
fel Nativity.
Deaths amung each Spec-
Death Rate per 1, IHM uf
Population of Specified
Proportion of Population of
each Specified Nativity to
Pope rtion of Deaths among
Auch Stwofied Nativity tu Total Denthis.
I'niled States
12,973
532
11.60
59
Germany
6.2 4
Ireland.
Other Foreign Nat' 05 .
1,910
26
1.3. toll
All Nationalities. . .
21,766
689
48
100
100
This method and calculation seems to indicate that the death-rate among the native-born population of Hoboken is forty-two per thousand, and among the foreign population from twelve to sixteen per thou- sand. While the data in this table is literally true, the results obtained are entirely erroncons and mislead- ing. From just such table as this the false notion is obtained that the native element of our population is decreasing, and that to the continual influx of for- eigners, with their larger families, the increase of our population is due.
The age of nearly all our immigrants range from five to fifty years, between which ages the rate of mortality is the minimum. Out of the foreign-born population of 444,166 in the City of New York, in 1875, only 2891, or three-fifths of one per cent. were under five years of age, and only 45,725, or about ten per cent. were under twenty years of nge.
If, however, the children of these immigrants are all ranked as natives, then the deaths among these chil- dren are charged to the native population. The con- sequence is that the native population is charged not only with deaths among its own numbers and its own children, but also with the deaths among chil- dren of the imigrant population. In cities where there is a large foreign element as in Hoboken, the effect of this improper distribution is very marked, eighty-five per cent. of the total population being of foreign parentage, and, as we have seen by above, fifty -six per cent. of all the decedents were under five years of age
I uder i ne vrar
Between on' and five
ited Ages.
Deaths at Specified
Ayer by Elliot.
Death Rate per
1000 of Population
at Specified Ages.
Iation of each Spre-
ified Age to Total
Population,
Proportien uf
Deaths of cach Spr-
cified Age to Total
No. of Praths.
All ui .r five y am .
5 511.713
:44,429
2.12,61c
21.60
14.00
13.27
10 2 4
Allages
ified Nativity.
Nativity.
11.000
16 20
13
Total Population
ACE
.
Betwe i' and El years 7.10
100, 4
1213
CITY OF HOBOKEN.
The census of New York for 1575 Hastrates the error that would arise from this calenlation by nativity in the most striking manner. The number of native- born married women was found to be 54, 754, and of native-born children, under five years of age, 123,962. The number of foreign-born married women was found to be 124,989, and of foreign-born children, under five years, 2889.
The second and correct method of determining the effect of nationality upon the death-rate is to consider the parentage of the population.
LIFE TABLE HOBOKEN 1825-PARENTAGE, AND AUF EINTRI ITH Y.
Vative Purr dige.
Population at Spec-
ified Ages.
Irathe at speriled
Death Rat - l'r
at Specified Ag -.
Proportion of Pop.
Ag . to Tetal P'. ..
of Bub Nativity.
D'raths of la h
l'anler une yrar.
38
1.33
Between one and five years
518
20
69.7
=2 .. 3
61
Between five and twen- ty -Be year's . . .
1,321
10
1
Over twenty-one years.
I İMİ
17
4.3
All ages .
3,74 L
All over tive years . .
2010
37
19.7
:7 74
...
Foreign Parentage.
Under one yrar. .
1,289
110
2
Between our and five
year . . . .
2,366
119
90.3
174
Between five nulturn-
6,511
51
H
314
Over twenty -one year
10,853
2213
21, 23
All over tiv . years .
12 .307
2/H
72.01
This table indicates the real farts in relation to the death-rates among the native and foreign elements of the population of Hoboken. The propriety of com- piling such a table has been suggested, but the above we believe, is the first of the kind that has ever been published.
This table also reveals the fact that between the specified ages the death-rate in each case was less among those of native than among these of foreign parentage, of which fact the following extract from the census of Massachusetts for 1865 is corrobo rative. " From these considerations the conclusion is inevi table that notwithstanding the remarkable fact that the births among the native or American born, con- stituting 79,05 per cent. of the total population of the Mate, are at present annually exceeded by the births among the foreign born, constituting 20.95 per cent. of the total population, the native element is con- stantly growing in numbers, owing to the relatively less mortality of those of varty age."
In this connection we present the following data
taken from the report of the Board of Health of New York City für 1575 :
=
4th
. 7
1 .: 11
th
1 th
1 th
1
Average, 2 ,41 lat Iren
2,00
T Inl.
The data in this table would account for an eye- Hive death-rate among those of foreign parentale. In addition to this the mere fact of immigration aggra- vates the tendency to disense due to want of accli- mation. Moreover, the majority of our immigrant- especially those who settle in oursen-coast cities are of the less enterprising and hardy classes.
The importance of a proper consideration of this question, will at once be seen by an examination of following table :
E PILATION.
Total
I opulation
Foreign
FriTis T1
Nativity
I mite IStelor
11 boken :1 7
21 70
_1 1_
T
The following was found to be the average number of persona living in each dwelling in Hoboken, as compared with other cities. Hoboken, 9.10; New York, 14.72; Boston. 8. 16; Philadelphia, 6.01 ; Jer- sey City, × 87; Toledo, 0, 5.20.
T TAL. POPULATION, DECEDENTE IN CRETAIN FIVESES ANO IN DIFFERENT RI THING IF HUM NES
CLABN.
Wbule t ity
I finnile.
Nativa Paruntaşı
Foreign Parcht Pr
1h pulation
24,746
lu u dente, Total
=19
64
1 %
1=1
14.I. I sinl : Your
100
11
1
·2
a
Molature Discam's
1 Mi
-
1,1 14, 5X
.1
Sw Viktity
1 -. .. . 4
21%
All under five years. .
All under five years.
3,655
330
3.744
14:
11 th
11
AGE.
1214
HISTORY OF HUDSON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY.
TOTAL DEATHS IN EACH CLASS PER ONE THOUSAND OF TOTAL POPU-
LATION.
CLASS.
Whole City.
I'plants,
Meadows.
Native Parentage.
Foreign Parentage
Deusth-rate, Total
27.811
,1
26
I mier 1 year
10
10
A
Between land 5 years .
5
11
10
Filth Diseases .
3.21
2.50
3.70
2.10
3,40
Moisture Diseases
4.5,0
5.10
2.40
4.60
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
CITY OF HOBOKEN. (Continued.)
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT.
THE mayor of the city is its chief exceutive of- ficer. He is elected annually in the spring; is a member ex-officio of most of the public boards in the city and has the veto power over city legislation. The present mayor is an active, wealthy merchant, who has for many years interested himself in the welfare of the city.
The following is a complete list of all the mayors in the city since its formation ;
MAYORS.
1-55-36. Cornelius V Clickner.
1860-70, llazen Kimball.
1857, '59. Franklin D. Carpenter.
1871 72. Frederik I .. Schmersahl.
I×5%. George W Morton.
1873-74. Peter MeGuvisk.
1×60, '62. Jobn R. Johnston.
1:15-77 Joseph Russell.
1863. Lorenzo W. Elder.
1×78-79, 1×41 -2. E. V. S. Benh n.
1×64. t'harles T. Perry.
1880. John A. O'Neil.
140- Frederick B. Ogden.
1883-84. Herman 1. Tinkin.
1867-G8. Frederick W. Bohusted.
Town and City Clerks. The town clerks had, and the city clerks have, entire control of the records of the city. They keep the minutes of the council and i all warrants against the city are drawn by them. During the last few years the records in the city clerk's office have been entirely rearranged and are now well systematized.
The following is a complete list of the town and city clerks up to date.
TOWN CLTEK -.
1849, .3. J. Dann Littel. 1 1×54. Andrew Mount.
CITY CLERK8.
18.456. Saminel W. Curey.
1875-77. George .J. Dricker.
1857. Herman W Brandis.
1-74-1 R. If Alberts /Wm. C.
1. Augustun O. Evans.
Mansell, for twenty-five days. )
1x50-60. William R. Harrison.
INN2. Charles 11. Miller,
1×61-60. John Kennedy.
1479 F F Rowald
1871, '74. John R. McCulloch.
1××3-84, Martin V McDermott.
Tax Commissioners .- The tax commissioners of Hoboken are elected annually by the people, two from each ward; they must be freeholders and electors in
that ward. No ballot must contain more than one name for that office.
It is the duty of the tax commissioners to fix the amounts of money to be raised by taxation for the current year, for the following purposes, to wit :
For the support of the Fire Department, the police. public schools, Water Department, repairing and cleaning streets, improving publi . grounds, lighting the street and public buildings, rrecting and keeping in repair such publie buiklings as may be needed for city purposes, militia, salaries of city officers, sup- porting the poor and such other purposes as may be necessary to carry on the city government.
The board meets on the second Monday of May, in each year, and has to file its return in the city clerk's office on or before the Ist of the following June. The action of this board is subject to confirmation by the mayor and council.
This board was created by the Legislature, April 6, 1871. Prior to this the citizens of Hoboken voted directly on the appropriations at each spring election. The following are the total annual appropriations and the names of the tax commissioners since their or- ganization.
Your.
AAmount. Year.
Amount.
$11,800
1.70
$136,500
1×71
140,155 50
1~17
13,300
116. NO
1859
17,500
1×75
1>Gl .
20,100
1877
171.055
1863
21,100
166,195
1X64
21,300
1879
154,120
39,900
1880
200,306
51,300
1881
197,384 58
79,350
1882
162,467 72
1883
212,420 19
85,000
1884
222,070
The value of the city property in 1856, was $173,081 ; 1873 was $500,500; 1884, was $938,478.
The total assessed valuation of Hoboken in 1855, was $7,948,311; t873 was $14,099.100; 1884 was $15,965,700, less than ten per cent. of which was personal property. The net city indebtedness in 1855, was nothing; 1873 was $103,803; 1884 was $278,305.
TAX COMMISSIONENS.
1871.
First Ward, Herman D. Bush, John Livesey ; Second Ward, Lorenzo W' Elder, Robert Hankins . Third Ward, Mbert Bogert Jr., John Mei- ghan ; Fourth Wurd, Matthew J. Mechan, Henry Winkle.
1872.
First Ward, John Livesey, Charles Clinton ; Second Ward, Isaac Shreeve, Hazen Kimball ; Third Ward, Patrick Lundirgan, Thomas D. Johnston ; Fourth Ward, Matthew J. Meoban, Patrick Breen.
1873.
First Ward, John Livesey, Robert MeCagne ; Second Ward, Lorenzo W. Elder, Isaac Shreese ; Third Ward, George Jaeckel, Thomas D. John- ston ; Fourth Ward, Thomas Bourke, Matthew J. Mechan.
1874.
First Ward, Daniel Spencer, Samuel Whitney ; Second Ward, James Williams, Charles A. Weber; Third Ward, Fritz Raab, Thomas D. John- won ; Fourth Ward, William O'Brien, Charles Knenemann.
1875.
Firt Ward, Bernard Beyer, Charles Schmidt ; Seed Ward, Thomas Mickens, John Walthers : Third Ward, Fritz Raab, B. F Hurt ; Fourth Ward, William O' Brien, Charles Kuonemann.
167,765 50
104,204 70
1×62
13,850
16,375
1×73
151,135
7
Z.yunustic Diseases
W'in. ( Mansell, for twenty. BÍX dANH. )
1215
CITY OF HOBOKEN.
First Ward, John t' Bacon, Henry Oferinals and War . Ther photos Butts, Issuu Shreve ; Third Ward, William Hem , FL. Mh. mersahl ; Fourth Ward, Jumeat lark, Frede. k Spflur
1877
First Ward, John ( Beans, Frank Hall, Secomil Ward, 1 7 . W Elder, Henry A. Schlow Third Ward, Charline Ban u. Fantel Pour gan , Fourth Ward, Janne Clark, Isaac In Iem.D.
First Ward, John f. B wait, Jahn Lavey, Sound Ward, t. W. F der Frank Shhols ; Think Ward, John Maltus, Daniel Done an . Fourth Ward, John MrAnle, Imac Jugleann.
1.879.
First Ward, Carsten Sierch, Duden & Range . al War, Charles s. Schultz, Leonard Pfeiffer Thinl Wand, Daniel I negan, Wolosam A. Mary ; Fourth Ward, Isaac Lighem, John Logan.
First Ward, Charles Schmidt, Frank Costello second Ward, Charlie $ Schultz, William II Inlworth , Third Want, E Clinten l'e y Dunn ] Donegan, Fourth Ward, Joseph Me Snille, Frederick Kamuwerer.
First Ward, Henry Offerman, John Zulauf ; See and Warl Charles Schultz, Bethuel A. Crane ; Tlord Ward, August Mia Her, Dani I Deifi- gan ; Fourth Ward, Robert l'arker, Freder k Kammerer
First Wanl, Henry Offerman, Charles Chnewberlin Sec nl Wani, Louis Bodenbender, Charles Schulz ; Third Ward, Juhn Wi Derin tt, August Mueller, Fourth Ward, Arnold Mubn John Lanigan.
1823.
First Ward Samuel Webb, John Bruning ; Second Wanl, L W. Eller. R. V Taft , Thint Ward, John h Pollock, John MeDermott ; Fourth Ward, Arnold Mohn, George Mutschler.
1××1.
First Ward, Charles Clinton, John Bruning, Secund Ward, Lareny. W Eller, Charles S. Schultz , Third Ward, John 3 1werm it, William 4. Mary , Fourth Ward, Joseph We Ardle, Frederick 6. Kammerer.
Assessors .- The city assessor is elected annually. Prior to 1871 there was an assessor from each w. rd, but since that time there has been only one assessor for the whole city. His duty is to apportion upon the tax-payers the amount which has to be raised cach year for city, county and State purposes. The follow- ing is a complete list of these officers to date :
1849-52, Davill. Stang , 1853- . , James Houseman.
I.S.A
First Ward, Garri Benson, Second Ward, Host Sandford ; Third Wand, James Housemun.
First Wand, Garret Benson ; & mil Ward, (' ) De Greck ; This! Ward, Charles Clinton.
18777.
First Word, Francis Bolting ; Secotul Ward, William G. Phimmer ; Thund Wand, charles (. lagau
First Wanl, William H1. Peckhuum , Second Ward, Robert Hankins. Thinl Wanl, Rees 1. Francis.
First Ward, Albert Pfalz, Second Ward, Robert Hankins Third Wan, Rees P. Francis.
First Ward, Benjamin G. Campbe 1 , Second Ward, Charles .\ Neatler Thin Want, Roca P. Francis.
John W. Dermott, William }. l'und www.
1.62. Julian Crevier, Fred. W. Bohnstedt.
Frederick W. Bohustodt, Rers P. Fram i«
Christian FIEne J Lo Madlen.
First War, R bert \ Rotti & E Wart Cou b Wik rin, Thord Wird, Junied W Van heureu.
First Ward, John White, ker nd Ward, Ju en Crester, Jr , Flurd Ward, James J Madde n. 1 7 Frut W 1. John Whit Mund WL Gottlieb Makeris, Til Ward, Kr P Fra : 1.
Fox Wirl, Wyham Who se War, John Malukry T il Will, Andrew ( Rowal).
Frut Wat l, It t-rt M (a_nr. ] \\ ] Wari, Jean \ 'rady Third Warl, Andrew ! How Il F rth Want, Jaon - Huut.
First Word, John & M Illeurpy Mend War! Themas Frater. Third Ward, John A tenuly, I urth Want, y barl Martin.
1471. Jer .. 1, CN 11.
Is .. 7., J bn \ MII rey
1 -Kn W Nim H Chill
Collectors The city collector & dested for a term of three years by the people, and has to collect the taxes after the same have been assessed and con- firmed by the Coin |1. The following is a complete list of these officers to date:
TOWN
IxIp. P chard Waldron.
1850. Th mas Fehl.
CITY OIL. FOT IRA.
1:33-36, Joseph Wond. JAC; Wil am F Bugie.
1x , N. Anhuw M. ut
1429-61 A la 11 1l.
-
1× 1 John D. P' Malist
1xTA Juhu M Mah
Treasurers. The treasurer of the city is annually elected and is under very heavy louds, two hundred thousand dollars. He has charge of the city fund-, and is responsible to the mayor and Council.
TREIN REAN.
Irma. George W. Morton. 1×il sole M Ik gert. 1~ 6-"". Ludwig Ilnem man. 1×1 _- 71. William 11 Chi d.
It Chirie T Perry 1-2- John hanna
1-50-60. Benjamin S. Taylor 1-77-744. August Rente
Corporation Attorneys. The corporation attor- ney is the law officer of the city. He is annually appointed by the mayor and Counal to serve during that year. The Allowing is a complete list to date .
1855. Samuel W. Carry
1- 6-37 Elwin R \ Wright
14 11, 1863-64. Frederick H Ogden. 1arg. J. Harvey Lyuns.
1ºN-8]. Ma Im W \n.
1865-67 1men Ahbett. 18×3-4. William s. stuhr.
18t8-61, 1871-$3. John C. Bom n
Town and City Committees .- The town com- mittees of the former township, and afterwar Is the Council of the city, have entire control of the legis-
121.
HISTORY OF HUDSON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY.
Native power expert such as is vested in the police board. water board, etc., over which their control is indireet. The mavor and Council have entire control over the finances of the city.
The following is a list of the town committee men and city connei men since the original formation of he township.
TOWN UMMITTEE.
: - Charles s. Chamberlain, Peter Mehan, Thomas Mickens, Host .ctrl engel. Trel, John Walker.
,420 -Peter Mehan, Thomas Mirkens, Hoyt Sanford George I Teel, -1.6. Walker
IN 1 - Garret Benson, James Heuseman, David Masters, Peter I. Pow. leurs . J. Tel.
14 Michael S. Allison, Edwin A. Stevens, Garret Benson, Peter Mehan Hluyt Sanhnd.
1853 .- Cornelin- Y Chkuer, Edwin R. Kirk, Samnel R. Frederick, Thomas Wokens, Lafayette Tompkins
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