USA > New Jersey > Morris County > History of Morris County, New Jersey > Part 24
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PRIVATES.
The first date following these names is the date of en- rollment; the second, if any, that of muster-in; in most cases they were the same. The figure following the date indicates the number of years for which the man enlisted. The men were mustered out in June or July 1865.
William R. Adams, musician, Aug. 10 '63, 3. James Allen, Aug. 12 '63, 3; Aug. 23 '63; prom. com. sergt. Sept. 5 '63. John Anys, Jan. 9 '64, 3; Jan. 11 '64; dis. May 3 '65. George F. Ballentine, Aug. 10 '63, 3; Aug. 29 '63. William Bannon, Aug. 4 '63, Aug. 29 '63; dis. May 12 '65. Lawrence Bergen, corp., Aug. 26 '63, 3; private June 25 '65. Daniel Berry, Sept. 6 '64, 1; dis. Apr. 28 '65. Charles Bird, Oct. 27 '64, I. George Bowen, Apr. 13 '65, 1; dr .; dis. May 3 '65. Lionel Brooks, May 4 '64, 3. Milton Brooks, Feb. 8 '64, 3. Jefferson Brutzman, Oct. 11 '64, 1; tr. from Co. B. J. A. Burr. C. H. Chapman, Sept. 7'64, 1; dis. Apr. 28 '65. Samuel D. Coombs, Aug. 21 '63, Aug. 29 '63, 3; dis. May 3 '65. Samuel P. Davis; Apr. 11 '65, I. Peter Degraw; Dec. 29 '63, 3; tr. from Co. E. Christopher Devine, corp .; Aug. 25 '63; private June 28 '65. Thomas Dough- erty; Aug. 29 '63. Evan B. Edmunds; Apr. 12 '65, 1; dis. May 3 '65. Horace B. Fletcher; Sept. 13 '64, 1; dis.
Apr. 28 '65. Mark Fohs, Aug. 28 '63, 3; musician. Barnabas C. Goucher; Nov. 24 '63; Dec. 5 '63, 3; dis; May 4 '65. John W. Green, Aug. 25 '63, Ang. 29 '63, 3; dis. May 3 '65. Michael Haggerty; Aug. 22 '63, 3;
dis. May 3 '65. Thomas Hayden; Aug. 29 '63, 3.
dis. May 3 '65. Hugh Hefferman; Feb. 21 '65, 1;
transferred from Co. B. Frederick Holland; Aug.
25 '63, Aug. 29 '63, 3. James Johnson, Sept. 23 '64, 1; dis. April 28 '65. Henry F. Jones; Aug. 26 '63, 3; dis. May 3 '65. William Kaine; Jan. 17 '65, I. Nathaniel Kiser; Sept. 7 '64, 1; dis. April 28 '65. Jo- seph Lang; Oct. 15 '64, 1; dis. May 3 '65. John Lein- inger; Oct. 18 '64, 1; dis. May 3 '65. Abraham Lynn; Aug. 18 '63, Aug. 29 '63, 3. Adolphe Machowof; April 14 '65, 3; dis. May 3 '65; tr. from Co. K. Anthony Mares; June 15 '64, 3; dis. May 3'65. Andrew McCain; Aug. 20 '63, Aug. 29 '63, 3; dis. May 12 '65. John Mc- Donald; Aug. 18 '63, 3. Bernard McManus; Aug. 24 '63, 3; dis. May 3 '65. William McNeil; Aug. 24 '63, 3; dis. May 3 '65. John L. Megill, musician; Aug. 15 '63. Ernst H. Meyers; Oct. 15 '64, I. Charles Miller; April 13 '65, I; dis. May 3 '65. William Miller; April 7 '65, I. Nicholas Moore; Aug. 8 '63, Aug. 29 '63, 3. Josiah Mullen; March 29 '65, 1; dis. May 3 '65. James Murchie; Oct. 15 '64, I. James Murtough; Oct. 19 '64, 1; dis. May 3 '65. Gottlieb Prob; Aug. 28 '63, 3; m. o. July 27 '65. John G. Propst; Aug. 27 '63, 3; dis. May 3 '65. Philip Y. Redding; Aug. 18 '63; wounded at Peach Tree Creek, Georgia, July 20, '64. Jacob Riker; Sept. 23 '64, 1; tr. from . Co. E 35th N. J. William Ryan; Oct. 15 '64, I. Moody A. Sandburn; Sept. 21 '64, 1; dis. April 28 '65. Valentine Sealand; Sept. 22 '64, 1; dis. April 28; tr. from Co. D. Herman Seibert; April 6 '65. I. William Shiell; Oct. 15 '64, I. Edward Smith; Aug. 19 '63, Aug. 29 '63, 3; tr. to v. r. c., May 3 '64; returned to Co. March 2 '65. Richard D. Soden; corp. Aug. 25 '63, Aug. 29 '63, 3; private May I '65; dis. May 3 '65. Lewis Stage; Jan. 30 '65, 1; dis. May 3 '65; tr. from Co. C. William R. Stelling; Oct. 11 '64, 1; dis. May 3 '65. Michael Taggart; April 12 '65, 1; dis. May 3 '65. John Weiderberger; Oct. 19 '64, I. Joseph Weil; Aug. 12 '63, 3. Peter Wendel; Oct. 21 '64, 1. Wilbur Wetsel; Ang. 10 '63, Aug. 29 '63, 3; dis. May 12 '65. James Wood; Jan. 6 '65, 1; dis. May 3 '65; tr. from Co. A.
Discharged (for disability) .- William Fagan; enrolled Aug. 17 '63; dis. June 14 '64. William Herbert; en- rolled Aug. 11 '63; dis. Aug. 3 '64. William H. Kelly; enrolled Aug. 10 '63; dis. April 2 '65.
Transferred .- (The date of enlistment and muster and the number of years for which the man enlisted follow the name. The transfer was to Company C where not otherwise stated.) Joseph Aspinwall; Sept. 7 '64, I. Abraham Benjamin; Dec. 29 '63, 3; from Co. E and to v. r. c. Abner B. and Charles Bishop, I. Richard C. Burris, I. Ambi and Lewis Conklin. Michael Conlon; Mar. 31 '65, 1; to Co. A. Horace Davis; Sept. 7 '64, I. Erastus Degraw; Sept. 23 '64, I; to Co. H. William Drew; Sept. 7 '64, I. George Ely; Feb. 28 '65, 3; to Bat. E. John Fuller; April 4 '65, 1. Michael Galey; Sept. 14 '64, 1; to Co. A. Robert J. Harrison; Aug. 24 '64, 3; to v. r. c., April 1 '65; dis. July 20 '65. William Healey; Sept. 28 '64, 1; to Co. K. John Heusefall; Sept. 7 '64, 1; to Co. K. John Kennedy; Oct. 11 '64, 1; to Co. K. William Margeson; Sept. 7 '64, 1. William Masker; Aug. 20 '63, 3; to v. r. c. Mar. 20 '65. Ernst Mayer; Sept. 9 '64, 1; to Co. F 35th N. J. Charles E. Mayo; April 4 '65, I. Nathan Parliament; Sept. 7'64, 1. Charles Ryerson; Aug. 26 '63, 3; wounded June 23 '64, at Kenesaw Mountain; tr. to v. r. c., Jan. 16 '65; dis. July 25 '65. Charles H. Wood; Mar. 7 '65, 1; to Co. D. Died .- (Enrolled and mustered in August 1863 when
100
HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY.
not otherwise stated, and for three years.) Charles Anys; Jan. 9 '64; died at Andersonville, Ga., Feb. 13 '65, of wounds received at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20 '64. John Braan; Jan. 7 '64; died of disease, at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 18 '64. Martin Braan; Jan. 7 '64; killed at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20'64. James Butler; of disease, at Hilton Head, S. C., Mar. 29 '65. Frederick Ehrnest; Dec. 29 '63; killed at Peach Tree Creek, Ga,, July 20'64. Thomas Farrell; at Chattanooga, Tenn., July 12 '64, of wounds received at Pine Knob, Ga., June 16 '64. Andrew Folt; of typhoid fever, Jan. 9 '64. Joel Jones; of chronic diarrhea, at Bridgeport, Ala., Nov. 5 '63. Martin Krom; of disease, at Nash- ville, Tenn., Mar. 12 '64; Edmund Leaver; of typhoid fever, at Lookout Valley, Ga., Jan. 23, '64. John Per- sonett; of disease, at Chattanooga, Tenn., June 17 '64. August Shawagar; of wound, at Newark, N. J., Sept. 17 '63. Abraham Vanderhoof; killed at Pine Knob, Ga., June 16 '64. Thomas Williams; enrolled Nov. 27 '63; killed at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20 '64. Amzi Willis; Jan. 5 '64; died of dropsy, at Andersonville, Ga., Sept. 1 '64. Louis Witte; drowned in Tennessee River, Nov. '63.
CHAPTER XX.
THE 39TH NEW JERSEY VOLUNTEERS-ROLL OF COMPANY K-LIST OF PATRIOT DEAD.
HIS regiment was raised in the month of Sep- tember 1864, the rendezvous being Camp Frelinghuysen, Newark, and was principally recruited in Essex county. Company K was raised in Morris county, recruited and commanded by Captain D. S. Allen. Although he was the last to obtain a recruiting commission, and labored under the disadvantages of distance from rendezvous, his was the first company of the command mustered into the United States service, having recruited its full quota in about fifteen days. Company K with four other com- panies, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel James Close, went to the "front " in October, encamping at City Point, Va., and in about two weeks these were joined by the remaining five companies of the regiment. They remained here working on entrenchments for about two weeks. A. C. Wildrick of the United States army came and took command as colonel, and William T. Cornish, formerly of the 15th N. J. volunteers, as major of the regiment.
The force changed camp about November Ist and went to Poplar Grove Spring, near Petersburg, where the 39th was assigned to the 9th army corps. There being at this time continuous picket firing and skirmish- ing the men got their first smell of gunpowder very soon, and listened to the roaring of artillery and musketry alternating with frequent calls of the long roll. Company K was in a few days called to support an engagement a short distance to the left; it was not called into action, but had an opportunity of witnessing the effects of an
engagement, as many of the wounded were carried past the ranks.
About the first of December the company moved into and took charge of Fort Davis, in front of Petersburg, the rebels shelling it " pretty lively." Here the men did picket duty in the entrenchments and drilled in the rear of the fort. They remained in this fort, with very little occurring except the regular incidents of camp life, and occasionally a man wounded on the picket line, until the 2nd day of April 1865, when the final long roll was beaten, and the regiment marched out of the fort about II o'clock at night to take its position for the attack on Petersburg the following morning. A detail of ten men from each company, making 100 men, under Captain D. S. Allen, preceded this movement and went forward to the skirmish line. Although it was dark a sharp engage- ment took place on the skirmish line, in which Captain Allen was disabled, and Lieutenant Mason, of Company H, was killed; this occurred about 2 o'clock in the morn- ing. The brigade containing the 39th made a short de- tour to the right, and in the general attack of that mem- orable morning planted the colors of the 39th N. J. on the rebel fort in its front. Company K had the position of honor, being the color company of the regiment by choice. After Captain Allen was detached and sent for- ward with the special detail to the skirmish line the command of Company K devolved upon First Lieuten- ant Jacob McConnell, who proved himself a worthy suc- cessor. In this two-days engagement Company K lost its share of killed and wounded.
Although this regiment was recruited during the time of paying large bounties it can be said to the credit of Company K that there only three deserters, and Com- pany K reported a stronger and heartier lot of men and consequently more fit for duty than any other company in the regiment, being made up of hardy Morris county men. In recalling the career of this fine company Cap- tain Allen says:
" Although seventeen years have passed away I have not forgotten the kindly feelings toward me entertained by the men of Company K, many of whom have answered the last roll call; I shall ever hold in grateful remem- brance all of this little band, and my devout wish is that we may all be registered on the roll of the Great Com- mander."
Below is a roll of
COMPANY K.
OFFICERS.
The officers of Company K were mustered in as well as commissioned or enrolled in September 1864, for one year, and with one or two exceptions were mustered out in June 1865.
Captain .- David S. Allen.
First Lieutenant .- Jacob McConnell.
Second Lieutenant .- John Shippee.
First Sergeant .- Francis D. Sturtevant.
Sergeants .- John N. Young. Edward Y. Trowbridge. George W. Harris. Caleb J. Broadwell.
Corporals .- James H. De Poe. Daniel Matthews. Morgan R. Davies George Burtt; dis. May 3 '65.
.
IOI
COMPANY K THIRTY-NINTH N. J .- THE DEAD.
Charles H. Emmons. John W. Nichols; dis. May 3 '65. Henry Parsons. Bernard J. Storms.
PRIVATES.
The following enlisted in September 1864, for one year's service, were mustered in September 23d 1864, and were mustered out in June or July 1865; with a few exceptions, which are noted.
Estill Beatty; dis. May 3'65. William J. Belcher. Wil- liam Bishop. John W. Blake; mustered Oct. 1 '64. Joseph C. Bower; dis. May 3 '65. Terrence Brannin. R. H. Brientnall; prom. Q. M. sergt. Oct. 11 '64. William Bugbee. John E. Burres. George Carey. Lewis H. Cook. William J. Cook. J. V. P. Coonrod. Caleb Corby. John M. Crain. Jacob and Joseph Crum. Rinehart H. Davis; dis. Apr. 28 '65. David M. De Camp; dis. Apr. 28 '65. William Degraw. Isaiah De- mont. Cornet Demouth; enlisted and mustered Jan. 5 '65; dis. Apr. 28 '65. Amos J. and Edward L. Emmons. Albert C., Jacob H. and Joseph W. Fichter. Daniel S. Force. A. B. Ford; dis. Apr. 28 '65. John Gervin. Nathaniel Gillum; mustered in Oct. r '64. William P.
Hart. William Henyon. William S. Hulme. David Huyler. William H. Jones. Abiather L. Kynor. Marcus Lamison. Samuel Larue; mustered in Oct. I '64. Joshua A. Lobdell; mustered in Oct. 1 '64; prom. com. sergt. Oct. 11'64. George D. Losey. John A. Love; dis. May 3 '65. Marshall Love. Charles L. Love, wagoner. Henry and William H. Marlatt. Charles W., Mahlon J. and William C. Mills. John More. John W. Morgan. James Morrison. John Morrison; dis. May 3 '65. Joseph. Morse jr. Joseph J. Nichols. Charles Nixon; dis. Apr. 28 '65. Silas H. Olmsted; dis. May 3 '65. David Palmer. Isaac N. Pruden. Asher T. Quier. George W. Scripture. David S. Searing. Samuel Sharp. James Snyder. Charles Taylor. William Tillyer, mu- sician; dis. May 3 '65. George D. Totten. Israel Van Norwick. James S., Samuel and Silas B. Van Orden. Horace F. Wallace. Henry Whitehead. William H. Williams. Hiram C. Wood. David and James O. Wright. Transferred (first date that of enlistment and muster). -John J. and Winfield S. Carter, Apr. 10 '65; from Co. A, and to 33d N. J. June 15 '65. John R. Cutting. Apr. 8 '65; to Co. G. Theodore Demouth, Jan. 26 '65; to 33d N. J. June 15 '65. George Farling, Apr. 8 '65; to Co. G. Robert McNabb; Apr. 10 '65; to Co. H. John F. Reiley and Philip Ryan; Apr. 8'65; to Co. C. Daniel Shawger, Feb. 9 '65; to Co. B. Leonard Sous, Apr. 8 '65; to Co. F. Aaron A. Tebo, Apr. 13 '65; to 33d N. J. June 15 '65.
Died (these were one year's men, and, excepting the first, were enlisted and mustered in September 1864) .- Noah O. Baldwin, enrolled Jan. 5 '65; killed before Petersburg, Va., Apr. 2 '65. John Conklin; died at Alexandria, Va., Apr. 10 '65, of wounds received before Petersburg Apr. 2 '65. Abram Earl; died at Alexandria, Va .. May 6 '65, of wounds received before Petersburg. Thomas Plum- stead; killed before Petersburg, Va., Apr. 2 '65.
THE DEAD.
Besides the casualties noted in the foregoing records we are furnished with the following partial list of the soldiers of Morris county who died in the service.
Seventh Regiment .- (Most of these men were from Morristown, and that fact is indicated by the letter M following their names. All but two were members of Company K.) Erastus J. Ackley; died at Georgetown,
1861. Theron A. Allen, M .; died 1862. Charles Y. Beers, M .; killed at Gettysburg. Jabez Beers, M .; killed at Petersburg, 1864. Merrit Bruen, Madison; died at City Point, Va., 1864. Moses Berry; died in Maryland, 186r. Cyrus Carter, 1862. James Brown, M. (Company C); killed at Gettysburg. John Dempsy (Company H); killed at Gettysburg. John Dougherty, Wilderness, 1864. Arthur Ford, M .; died in Anderson- ville prison, 1864. Andrew Halsey, M .; died at Peters- burg, Va., 1864. Jacob Hopping, Hanover; killed at Gettysburg. Robert Jolly, M .; killed at Gettysburg. Sylvester Lynn, Mendham; died at Petersburg, 1864. John R. Lyon, Bull Run, Va., 1862. William Long, New Vernon; died near Fairfax Court-house, Va., 1862. Charles B. Mott, M .; Chancellorsville, Va., 1863. Lemuel Marshall, 1862. J. Miller, killed at Chesterfield Bridge, Va., 1864. Allen Pierson, M .; Petersburg, 1864. George Pier, 1862. John A. Recanio, M .; Belle Isle prison, 1862. Spafford Sanders, 1862. Joseph L. Spencer, Chatham; killed at Petersburg, 1864. John Tillotson, 1862. Joseph Watkins, M .; died of wounds, Williams- burg, Va., 1862. J. Wright; died Sept. 8 1864, in An- dersonville prison.
Fifteenth Regiment (Company F if not otherwise indi- cated) .- John W. Berry, Flanders; killed at Spottsyl- vania, 1864. William Broadwell, Co. B; lost arm at Salem Heights, Va., May 3 1863. Elias H. Carlile, Chester; killed at Cold Harbor, 1864. Felix Cash, Chester; died of wounds, Potomac Creek, 1864. War- ren N. Clauson, Flanders; died at Washington, 1864. Charles Covert, Fox Hill; killed at Spottsylvania, 1864. George D. Foulds, Roxbury; killed at Spottsylvania, 1864. Charles Heck, German Valley; died at Washing- ton, 1864. Anthony Hoppler, German Valley; died at White Oak Church, 1863. Whitefield Lake, Schooley's Mountain; Spottsylvania, 1864. Ira Lindsley, Morris- town, Company C; killed at Chancellorsville, Va., 1865. Manning F. McDougall, Chester; killed at Cold Harbor, 1864. John R. Mckain, Mount Olive, 1864. Charles Milligan; killed at Winchester, 1864. Jacob A. Peck- well, Flanders; killed at Spottsylvania, 1864. John D. Salmon, Flanders; died at White Oak Church, 1863. Andrew F. Salmon, Flanders ; Spottsylvania, 1864. Phineas F. Skellinger, Chester ; Spottsylvania, 1864. William H. Sergeant, Budd's Lake; died at White Oak Church, 1863. Alexander S. Sergeant, Budd's Lake; killed at Fredericksburg, 1863. James W. Sprague, Flanders; killed at Fredericksburg, 1863. Peter J. Sut- ton, Fox Hill; died in prison, 1863. David Todd, Lesser Cross Roads; died at White Oak Church, 1863. Isaac Vanarsdale, Lesser Cross Roads; died of wounds, 1864. John Van Houghton, Morristown, Company C; killed at Spottsylvania, 1864. Benjamin D. Wear, White Oak Church, 1863. Elias Williamson, Flanders; killed at Spottsylvania, 1864. Edward A. Simpson, Company C; Shenandoah, 1864. Lewis Ammerman, Chester; died at White Oak Church. Oscar Brokaw, Chatham, Company C; Chancellorsville. Alexander Beatty; died at Wash- ington, 1863. William Bowman, Ralstontown; Spottsyl- vania, 1864. Franklin Camp, Whippany, Company C; White Oak Church, 1863. Jacob Lamerson, Flanders; White Oak Church, 1863. Edward Day, Chatham, Coni- pany C; killed at Cold Harbor, Va., 1864. Andrew Genung, Chatham, Company C; killed in 1864. James Hiler, Company C; Chancellorsville, 1863. Jeremiah Haycock, Mine Hill, Company C; killed at Cold Harbor, 1864. Frank Cunningham and Virgil Howell, Company C; died at White Oak Church, 1863. Jonathan Loree; killed in the Wilderness, 1864. Thomas Phipps, Com- pany C; died at White Oak Church, Va., 1863. William Storms, Company C; killed at Chancellorsville, 1863.
IO2
HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY.
Twenty-Seventh Regiment .- Stephen Doty, Morristown, Company I, 1863. Samuel Smith, Company K, and Al- bert Wiggins, Company B; drowned in Cumberland River, May 6 1863. W. H. H. Haines and John Cronan, New Vernon, Company I; died at Newport News. Louis Gregory, Hanover, Company E. Robert Lee. Lemuel Lawrence, Mendham, Company E. Augustus Salmon, Flanders, Company C; died at Washington 1863.
Miscellaneous .- James M. Woodruff, Mendham, 11th N. J .; killed at Mine Run, Va., 1864. D. B. Logan, Succasunna, 11th N. J .; killed at Gettysburg. William Potts, Morristown, 11th N. J .; died in hospital, 1862. John D. Evans, Morristown, Company G 8th N. J,; killed at Cold Harbor. David Cooper, 8th N. J .; killed at
-
Gettysburg. Isaac D. Dickerson, Malapardis, Company E 120th N. Y; died near Bealton, Va., Sept. 9 1863. Theodore Cooper, Morristown, 6th N. J .; killed at Fort Pickens, Fla., in Dec. 1861. Captain Charles W. Can- field, Morristown, 2nd U. S. cavalry; killed in Virginia. Alfred Axtell, Morristown, Company D 16th Mich .; killed at Petersburg, 1864. Charles Carrell, Morristown, Company B 2nd N. J .; died in hospital. Edward F. Cavanaugh, Morristown, Company B 2nd N. J .; died at Columbus, Kas. William Cole, Morristown, 3d N. J .; killed in 1861. J. L. Doty, Morristown, Ist N. J. cavalry; died after leaving Belle Isle prison. Theodore Edwards. Morristown, Ist N. J. cavalry; died in Belle Isle prison, James L. Freeman, Morristown, 2nd D. C. volunteers; died in 1862. John M. Lewis, Morristown, 9th N. J .; hospital steward; died at Beaufort, S. C., Nov. 7 1862. Willie Morehouse, Morristown, 37th N. J .; killed at Petersburg, Va. Lindsley H. Miller, Morristown, U. S. C. T., 1864. Patrick McShane, Company E 4th N. Y. cavalry. Samuel McNair, Morristown, Company K Ist N. Y. engineers; died in South Carolina. John O'Don- nell, Morristown, Company B 2nd N. J .; killed at Salem Heights, Va. George A. Perrine, Morristown, Company B 162nd N. Y .; died in Louisiana, 1862. George B. Wear, Morristown, Company B 2nd N. J. cavalry; died Feb. 25 1864, from hardship in prison. Spencer Wood, Morristown, 4th N. J. cavalry; killed at Petersburg, 1864. Michael Cummings, Morris Plains, Ist N. J. artillery; killed. James Mathews, Company B Ist artillery. A. W. Thompson, Company B 2nd N. J .; died at White Oak Church, 1863. William Wortman, Chester, Company A 5th N. J .; killed at Petersburg, 1864. William Wear, Company A 5th N. J .; died in 1864. Albert Collins, Company B Ist artillery; died at Fortress Monroe. Job De Hart, Morristown, N. Y. regiment; died at New Or- leans, 1864. Stephen D. Fairchild, 17th Wis .; died at Washington. Philip Keller, 3d N. J. cavalry. Moses Miller, Company A 32nd U. S. C. T .; died in hospital. Abram Earl, Company K 39th N. J .; died at Alexandria, Va., May 7 1865. Hampton Whitehead, 9th N. J .; killed Mar. 14 1862, near Newbern, N. C. John M. Powers, Company G Ist Pa. reserve corps; killed at South Moun- tain, Sept. 14 1862. Corporal Ezra S. Day, 30th N. J .; died Feb. 21 1863, at Belle Plain.
: CHAPTER XXI.
A SKETCH OF THE GEOLOGY AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF MORRIS COUNTY.
BY F. A. CANFIELD.
HIS county is located in what is known as the Highlands of New Jersey. The surface is quite irregular, varying from 175 feet above the sea level in the southeastern part to over 1,200 feet in the northern.
Commencing at the southeasterly boundary, the change in elevation of the surface is gradual until the bases of the mountain ranges running near Mor- ristown and Boonton are reached, beyond which the sur- face is very much broken. The distinction is drawn be- tween the terms " mountains " and "mountain ranges," the " ranges " being made up of a series of partially de- tached mountains. The ranges run generally in a north- easterly and southwesterly direction, while the mountains themselves follow a more northerly course. The moun- tains are peculiar in the fact that they rise gradually at the northeastern end, and, running with undulating crests, fall abruptly at the southwestern extremity.
In point of size the chief mountain ranges are School- ey's and Green Pond, but by far the most important in an economic point of view is the range of hills that lies next to and to the southeast of the Green Pond mountain range. This belt bears nearly all the iron ore deposits of the county. A few deposits are worked in the moun- tains immediately west of the Green Pond range, of which the Hurd and Ford mines are the most important.
The geological structure is not very complicated; for, while the different formations are divided by great periods of time, the members of the geological column are but few, as many of the intervening groups have no represent- atives among the rocks of this county. The greater por- tion of the county is underlain by rocks that belong to the oldest geological formation known in the world. This formation is termed the " Azoic "-meaning " ab- sence of life "-and includes all the syenites, gneiss, or granitic rocks. the crystalline limestones, and the magnetic iron ores. The magnetic iron ores constitute but an ex- tremely small percentage of the Azoic rocks, yet they are the most important member of the group, and occur in beds that are truly conformable to the inclosing rocks. These bodies of ore are not veins, according to the modern definition of the term, but are of sedimentary origin. Generally they are lenticular in shape. They are not continuous horizontally, and their extent vertically is uncertain. Considerable difference of opinion has long existed as to the origin of these deposits. Some experts believe that the beds are true veins of igneous origin, having been formed by the injection of mineral matter, while in a melted condition, between the walls of gneiss.
103
FORMATION OF IRON ORE BEDS-THE AZOIC ROCKS.
It is true that there are evidences of the action of heat, but most geologists at the present day hold that these ores are as sedimentary in origin as the rocks in which they are found.
A brief description of the probable process by which these ore beds were formed will not be without interest. Protoxide of iron exists in many rocks, and when brought in contact with carbonic acid or some organic acid it combines with it, forming what chemists call proto-salts of iron. These salts are readily soluble in water, which by leaching them out carries them to some pond hole where the current of the stream is checked. Continued exposure of these salts to the atmosphere causes them by chemical affinity to take up or combine with more oxy- gen, forming sesqui-oxide of iron, which is insoluble in water. This action takes place at the surface of the water and betrays its presence by a metallic film, show- ing the prismatic colors, which floats until the accumula- tion becomes so great as to sink to the bottom in the form of a yellow precipitate of sesqui-oxide of iron or, commonly speaking, iron rust. An ironmaster would call it bog ore or brown hematite; a mineralogist, limon- ite. Chemically pure limonite consists of 59.92 per cent. metallic iron, 25.68 per cent. oxygen, and 14.40 per cent. water. As soon as a film of sesqui-oxide of iron settles another begins to form, and this action goes on continu- ally. After this product the description of the process must necessarily become somewhat hypothetical. It is supposed that a great mass of this limonite has been de- posited on the bottom of some large sheet of water, and
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