USA > New Jersey > The history of New Jersey, from its discovery by Europeans, to the adoption of the federal Constitution > Part 53
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NOTE C .- Page 34.
There is a singular pleasure in contrasting the order and moral beauty which arisen from the chaotic materials of primitive Quakerism. To the philosophy faind, the depeiliance on the divine light within, as the guide of moral action attle else than an abandonment of the understanding to every capricious mente, and " wind of doctrine." Intense zeal has but two modes of expressed itself-by action upon others, or upon ourselves. In the first case, ity- are, commonly, active force and oppression, of which the history of every sect, is bnt too full of ex- ample; and in the second, it is passive resistayed, whose reaction is equal to any power that can be brought to burg upon But this species of force requires the homogeneity and condensation of the Fof the suffering body. These were given by the establishment of the " discipline'
the Quakers, providing practical rules of action for life, and requiring The assent of large portion of the society, to all public demonstrations of its ruth and doctrines; wirkt, at the same time, watchful guardians observed and regulated, by timely monition, ty walking of the brethren. In these causes, of which the peculiarity of garb. the Quaarc uniform, is but part. lay the strength or the society. The persecution it sustamed, wh an exterior force . aiding its iua grity and preservation, and without which, it is posst , the society cannot weist the centrifugal power of the inward dirive light. For, when that. ceased, a disintegration commenced, which has already produced a broad separation of the parts, and may ultimately resolve the whole body into primitive monads
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APPENDIX.
From the writings of modern historians, and apologists of Quakerism, we might suppose that none of the Quakers, who were imprisoned by the magistrates. this period, has been accused of aught but the profession of their peculiar domaines, or attendance at their peculiar places of worship. But very different causes of their imprisonment, have been transmitted to us, even by the suterers themselves, and which leave it ques onable whether the greatest wrong shey sustained, was not the committal to the gaol, Justend of' the lunatic hospita. These sectarians, who have always professed and ind ented the maxims . inviolable peace, who not many years after their association, were accountet philosophical deists, seeking to pave the way to a scheme of natural Iligios , by allegorizing the distinguishing articles of the Christian faith, and who are Kow, in general, remarkable for calm benevo- lence, and peculiar remoteness e.m active efforts to make proselytes, were, in their infancy, the most impetuous ralots, and inveterate disputers. In their eagerness to convict the world, anexo bear witness from the fountain of oracular testimony, which they supposed reside within them, against & regular ministry, which they called a priestly of Baal, and against the sacraments, which they termed carnal and idolatrous observances, many committed the most revoking blasphemy, inde- cency, and disorderly outrage.
We fer our readers, on this subject, to Sewal's History, Howell > State Trials, vol ... p. 801-vol. vi. p. 993 ; Hume's History of England, vol. vii. p. 336; Besse's "Collection of the Sufferings of the People called Quakers ;" Fox's Journal, dtc.
NOTE D .- Page 37.
The being a party to this agreement, constitution, or concessions, confers an honour upon a descendant, of which many inhabitants of New Jersey may now just- ly boast. The names of the signers, one hundred and fifty in number, may be found in the Appendix to Smith's History, page 538, and Leaming and Spicer's Collec- tion, page 409.
NOTE E .- Page 38.
Thomas Hutchinson, of Beverley ; Thomas Pierson, of Bonwicke, yeoman ; Jo- seph Helmsly, of Great Kelke, yeoman; George Hutchinson, of Sheffield, distiller ; and Mablon Stacy, of Hansworth, tanner ; all of the county of York, were principal creditors of E. Byllinge, to whom several of the other creditors inade assignments of their debts, which together amounted to the sum of £2450 sterling, and who took in satisfaction, seven fall, equal and undivided ninetieth parts of ninety equal and undivided . hundred parts of West Jersey ; and the same was conveyed to them, their heirs and assigns, by William Penn, Gawen Lawrie, Nicholas Lucas, and E. Byllinge, by deed, bearing date. the first of the month called March, 1676:" And by another conveyance of the same date, from and to the same persons, in satisfaction for other debts, to the amount of £1050 sterling, three other full, equal and un- divided ninetieth parts of the aforesaid ninety equal and undivided hundred parts of Vest Jersey, were also conveyed .- Smith's Hist. New Jersey, p. 92, 2.
NOTE F .- Page 39.
Among these first settlers of Burlington, were Thomas Olive, Daniel Wills, Wil- liam Peachy, Withamp Clayton, John Crips, Thomas Eves, Thomas Harding. Thomas Nositer, Thomas Farifeorth, Morgan Drewet, William Pennton, Henry Jennings, William Hibes, Samme! IMitt. John Woolston, William Woodmaney, Christopher Saunders, and Robert Powell . John Wilkinson and William Perkins were with their families, passengers, but dying on the voyage, the latter were duly protected. and aided by their fellow passengers. Perkins became a Quaker, early in life, and lived well in Leicestershire; but, in the fifty-second year of his age, was induced, by a favourable account of New Jersey, written by Richard Hartshorne, to embark with his wife, four children, and some servants. Among the last, was one Mar- shall, a carpenter, whose services were most useful in setting up the habitations of the new comers.
NOTE G .- Page 40.
In the Killing Mind came James Nevill, Henry Salter, George Deacon, and other families; in the Martha, Thomas Wright, William Goforth, John Lvnam, Edward Season, William Black, Richard Dungworth, George Miles, William Wood, Thivangs
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Schooley, Richard Harrison, Thomas Hooten, Samuel Taylor, Marmaduke Horse- man, William Oxley, William Lex, Nathaniel Luke, the families of Robert Stacy, and Samuel Odas, and Thomas Ellis, and John Barts, servants sent by George Hutchinson. Letters Gian the first emigrants, from John Cripps, Thomas Hooten, William Clark, and others, to their friends in England. descriptive of the richness and capabilities of the soil, abundance of game gud fruits, temperature of the climate, excellence of the water, and kindness of the aborigines, induced inany to emigrate. In The Shield, came William Emley, the second time, with his wife, two children, one born by the way, two men, and tiro women servants ; Mahlon Stacy, his wife, children, and several servants, men and women; Thomas Lambert, his wife, children, and several men and women servants ; John Lambert and servant; Thomas Revell, his wife, children, and servants; Godfrey Hancock, his wife, children, and servants; Thomas Potts, his wife, and children; John Wood and four children; Thomas Wood, wife, and children: Robert Martin, his wife, and two children; Robert Schooley, his wife, and children; James Pharo, wife, and children; Susan- nah Farnsworth, her children, and two servants; Richard Tattersal, his wife, and children; Godfrey Newbold, John Dewsbury ; Richard Green, Peter and John Fretwell; John Newbold ; one Barns, a merchant from Hull, Francis Barwick, George Parks, George Hill, John Hleyres, and several more.
In the ship from London, 1678, came John Denn. Thomas Kent, John Hollins- head, with their families; William Hewlings, Abraham Hewlings, Jonathan Eld- ridge, John Petty, Thomas Kirby, with others: the first of these settled about Salem, the rest at Burlington. About this time, and a few years afterwards, arrived at Burlington, the following settlers from England, viz. John Butcher, Henry Grubb, William Butcher, William Brightwin, Thomas Gardner, John Budd, John Bourten, Seth Smith, Walter Pumphrey, Thomas Ellis, James Satterthwaite, Richard Arnold, John Woolman, John Stacy, Thomas Eves, Benjamin Duffeld, John Payne, Samuel Cleft, William Cooper, Jolin Shinn, William Biles, John Skein. John Warrel, An- thony Morris, Samuel Bunting, Charles Read, Francis Collins, Thomas Mathews, Christopher Wetherill, John Dewsbury, John Day, Richard Basnett, John Antrem, William Biddle, Samuel Furnace, Jolin Ladd, Thomas Raper, Roger Huggins, and Thomas Wood.
About this time also, arrived Jolm Kinsey. His father, one of the commissioners, dying on his arrival, the charge of the family fell upon him. He and his son be- came much distinguished in the province, holding many public stations. The latter died chief justice of Pennsylvania. +
NOTE HI .- Page 43.
The names of this Assembly and Council, and the forms of their engagements, may be seen in Leaming and Spicer's Collection of Grants, &c. p. 456.
NOTE I .- Page 46.
We purposed to reprint here, the act relating to the Confession of Faith ; but our space does not permit it. It will be found in Leaming and Spicer's Collection. p. 548.
NOTE K .- Page IS.
The salary of the Governor was, generally, fifty pounds a year, paid in country produce, at prices fixed by law, and sometimes, font shillings a day besides, to defray the charges while a session was held : the wages of the Council and Assembly, during the sitting in legislation, was, to each member, three shillings a day : the rates for pub- lic charges, were levied at two shillings a head, for every male above fourteen years.
In 1668 the council consisted of six, viz. Nicholas Verlet. Robert Bond. Robert Vanquellin, Daniel Price, Samuel Edsall, and William Pardon : the Assembly of twelve, viz. Casper Steenmets, Baltazar Bavard for Bergen, Jolin Ogden, senior, John Brackett for Elizabethtown, Robert Treat and Samuel Swame for Newark, . John Bishop and Robert Dennis for Woodbridge, James Grover and John Bound for Middletown and Shrewsbury.
NOTE L .- Page 51.
"It is not difficult to miforstand how a friend intercourse orighated between the leading persons among The Quakers, and Chaves Il and his brother The
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APPENDIX.
Quakers desired to avail themselves of the authority of the King, for the establish- ment of a general toleration, and for their own especial defence against the enmity and dislike of their numerous adversaries. The King and his brother regarded, with great benet lence, the principles of non-resistance, professed by Friends, and found in them, the offty class of Protestants, who could be rendered instrumental to their design of re-establishir. Popery, by the preparatory measure of general tole- ration. But how the friendly relsen thus created, between the royal brothers, and such men as Penn and Barclay, showi have continued to exist, uninterrupted by all the tyranny and treachery which the reigns of these princes disclosed, is a diffi- culty which their contemporaries were unable to solve, otherwise than by consider- ing the Quakers, as at bottom, the votaries of Popery and arbitrary power. The more modern and juster, as well as more charitable censure is, that they were dupes of kingly courtesy, craft, and dissimulation. They endeavoured to make an instru- ment of the King; while he permitted them to flatter themselves with this hope. that he might avail himself of their instrumentality, for the accomplishment of his own designs .- Grahame's Col. Ilist.
NOTE M .- Page 51.
By recurring to the letters of Rudyard, first deputy-governor of East Jersey, Samuel Groome, surveyor, Lawrie, deputy-governor, John Barclay, and Arthur Forbes, to the proprietaries in London, the reader will perceive how strong and favourable were the impressions on the minds of the first settlers, in relation to the country. See Smith's flist. New Jersey, from page 168 to 188.
NOTE N .- Page 55.
The counsellors named in the instructions were Edward Hunlake, Lewis Morris, Andrew Bowne, Samuel Jennings, Thomas Revel, Francis Davenport, William Pinhorne, Samuel Leonard, George Deacon, Samuel Walker, Daniel Leeds, Wil- liam Sanford, and Robert Quarry. Quarry was said to be of the council of five governments at one time ; viz. New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia. Hle died about the year 1712 .- Smith, p. 231, n.
NOTE O .- Page 66.
A dispute was long pending between the general proprietors and the inhabitants of Newark, relating to lands included within the bounds of three Indian purchases, called the Mountain, the Horse Neck, and Van Gicson's. After several suits at law and equity, the contest was referred to arbitrators, mutually chosen by the parties, who awarded in favour of the general proprietors. Some of the defendants, dissatisfied with the award, endeavoured to excite the others to further contest, gave occasion for the letter of Mr. Ogden, who was council for the proprietors. His clear and satisfactory exposition of the case, most probably prevented a conti- nuation of the controversy. We find the letter too long to be copied. It may he seen in a small pamphlet, in the Philadelphia Library, as noted, at page 66 of the text.
NOTE P .- Page 77.
The curious reader will find at the end of vol. iv. of the printed Minutes of the Assembly, in the State Library, at Trenton, a MSS. " table of the sittings of Assem- bly, from the surrender. in the year 1702, to the revolution, in 1776, with the names of the governors and speakers;" and also, " a list of the members of Assembly during the same period."
NOTE Q .- Page S1.
Names of the Legislative Council, in 1707, Richard Ingoldsby, lieutenant- governor, William Pinhorne, R. Mompesson, Thomas Revell, Daniel Leeds, Daniel Coxe, Richard Townly, Robert Quarry, and William Sandford.
NOTE R .- Page 82.
This illness of Jennings proved mortal, after a year's duration. He was a zealous minister among " Friends;" and upon all occasions took an active part in public affairs, in which he was alike distinguished by ability and integrity. His warm and sanguine temperament, was ordinarily controlled by a sound and experienced judg-
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APPENDIX.
ment; but it sometimes betrayed him into hasty and passionate conduct, of which his treatment to Keith, the apostate Quaker, whilst on trial before the court at Philadelphia, was a remarkable instance, and perhaps justified the charge made by the schismatic, that " he was too high and imperious, in worldly courts." He was an ardent lover of liberty, and firm and fearless in its defence. And though his manners were stern and severe, he was always sought by the people when impor- tant services were required. Twenty-eight years of his life were devoted to public employment; part of which, in Philadelphia. In private life, says Smith, "alive to the more generous emotions of a mind formed to benevolence, and acts of human- ity, he was a friend to the widow, the fatherless, and the unhappy; tender, compas- sionate, disinterested, and with great opportunities, he left but a small estate; abhorring oppression in every shape, his whole conduct, a will to relieve and be- friend mankind, far above the littleness of party and sinister views. He left three daughters, who intermarried with three brothers, by the name of Stevenson, whose posterity reside in New Jersey and Pennsylvania."
Thomas Gordon, his successor, was intimately connected with the proprietaries of East Jersey, before the surrender of the government in 1702. In 1697-8, he was deputy-secretary, and register of the province, and one of the council; and in 1702, on the removal of William Dockwra, he was appointed principal secretary. He was several years a representative in the Assembly, after the surrender; was treasurer for the eastern divison of the province, and distinguished in Perth Amboy as a pious member and liberal patron of the Episcopal church. He died on the 28th of April, 1722, aged seventy years. A tomb-stone in the grave-yard of St. Peter's church, at Amboy, with a long Latin inscription, commemorates his virtues.
NOTE S .- Page 83.
The Assembly of New York adopted resolutions, declaring, that the levying money on her Majesty's subjects of the colony, under any pretence, without the consent of the General Assembly, was a violation of the people's property ; and that the freemen of the colony had an unquestionable. perfect and entire property in their goods and estate. We recognise here, the principles which subsequently led to the revolution. The Assembly, also, denounced the practice of Cornbury, in levying imposts on trade, and establishing fees without the sanction of law.
NOTE T .- Page 86.
The members of Council named in the instructions of Governor Hunter, wele Lewis Morris, William Pinhorne, George Deacon, Richard Townley, Daniel Coxe, Roger Mompesson, Peter Sonmans, Hugh Huddy, William Hall, Thomas Gordon, Thomas Gardiner .. Colonel Robert Quarry. The Queen, on the receipt of the re- monstrance of the Assembly, appointed John Anderson, Elisha Parker, Thomas Byerly, John Hamilton, and John Reading; removing Pinhorne, Coxe, Sommans, and Hall.
NOTE U .- Page 94.
We give the following abstract from the minutes of the Assembly, indicative of the spirit of the times, and exemplifying the matter which occasionally occupied the Legislature. On the 24th of January, 1719, the House appointed a committee to inquire into certain printed libels, and personal abuse against its members. One Benjamin Johnson, of Monmouth, had said to William Lawrence. a member from that county, " You Lawrence, are a pitiful pimping fellow; and have been false to your trust in the Assembly." On the complaint of Lawrence, Johnson was ordered into arrest by the House ; but he avoided its displeasure by absconding. A passage in 'Titan Leeds' Almanac, for 1718, was voted libellous, and the author and printer were ordered into the custody of the sergeant-at-arms. Leeds was apprehended ; but we do not know how punished. Two pamphlets, one entitled, " A further dis- corery of the mystery of trade, proposed by ./ B," and the other, " Proposals for traffic and commerce in New Jersey," were also declared to be libellous, the books con- denmed to be burned by the common hangman, and a reward offered for the appre- hension of the authors. William Sandford and Thomas Buskirk, Esq. of Bergen county, were arrested on the speaker's warrant. for having reported, that Mr Philip Schuyler, a member of the House, " had drank a health to the damnation of the go- vernor and the justices of the peace." Sandford admitted and justified the declara-
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APPENDIX.
tion; producing the affidavit of the coroner of the county, to the uttering of the words by Schuyler. Schuyler denied the words, but said, that he had quarrelled with the coroner, and had kicked him. Whereupon, the House gave the member permission to withdraw and go home, that he might procure evidence to disprove the charge thus brought against him. Sandford and Buskirk were discharged front custody. A copy of the affidavit was denied to Schuyler. Subsequently, the coro- ner was required to name the persons present, when the offensive words were alleged to have been uttered. These persons having no remembrance of the words, Schuyler was acquitted by a solemn vote, and permitted again to take his seat. But the proceedings against Sandford and Buskirk were not renewed.
NOTE V .- Page 97.
The members of council, named in the instructions of Governor Burnet, were Lewis Morris, Thomas Gordon, John Anderson, John Hamilton, Thomas Byerly, David Lyell, John Parker, John Wills, John Hugg, John Johnson, junior, Jolin Reading, and Peter Bard.
NOTE W .-- Page 105.
We refer the reader to Sparks' Life of Governeur Morris, for a full account of this family, which has been distinguished for so many years in New York and New Jersey.
NOTE Z .- Page 121.
" It was rumoured at an early period, that Braddock had been shot by his men. More recently, it has been stated, by one who could not be mistaken, that in the course of the battle, Braddock ordered the provincial troops to form a column. They, however, adliered to the Indian mode of firing, severally, from the shelter of the trees. Braddock, in his vexation, rode up to a young man by the name of Fawcett, and with his sword, rashly cut him down. Thomas Fawcett, a brother of the killed, soon learned his fate, and watching his opportunity, revenged his brother's blood, by shooting Braddock, mortally, through the body. Thomas Fawcett dwelt near Laurel Hill, Pennsylvania, until above ninety-seven years of age."-Register of Pennsylvania, by S. Hazard, Jun. 25th, 1828.
NOTE AA .- Page 140.
The following abstract from the address of Mr. Speaker Ogden to the House, ex- hibits, strongly, the state of the public feeling. "I am so unhappy as to find, that my conduct, which was the consequence of this opinion, formed on the most deli- berate, impartial, and disinterested reasoning on the subject, has been put in an un- favourable light, and has made me the object of too general a resentment ; I trust. that Providence will, in due time, make the rectitude of my heart, and my inviola- ble affection to my country, appear in a fair light to the world, and that my sole aim was the happiness of New Jersey. But. as at present, there appears a great dissatis- faction at my conduct, that has spread even among some of my constituents. whom I have served many years in General Assembly, to the utmost of my abilities, I beg leave of the House, to resign my seat in it, whereby my constituents may have an op- portunity of sending another person in my room, who may act more agreeable to their present sentiments : though I am well assured, that no person can be found, who will study their welfare more sincerely, nor pursue it with more steadiness and integrity than I have done."-Votes of AAssembly. Mr. Stephen Crane was elected in the place of Mr. Ogden.
NOTE BB .- Page 152.
The suit instituted, if any, against the treasurer, Stephen Skinner, was never brought to trial. He adhered to the British in the revolutionary war, and all his property in New Jersey, was confiscated and sold for the benefit of the State.
NOTE CC .- Page 164.
List of deputies in the provincial Congress, May. June, and Angust, 1723.
Bergen County. John Fell. John Demarest, Hendrick Knyper, Abraham Van Buy- kirk, Edw. Merselius. Esser. Henry Garritse, Michael Vreeland, Robert Drum- mond. John Berry, William P. Smith, John Stiles, John Chetwood. Abraham Clark, Elias Bondinot, Isaac Ogden, Philip Van-Cortlandt, Bethnel Pierson, Caleb Camp. Middleser, Nathaniel Heard, William Smith, John Dunn. John Lloyd. Azariah Dun.
n
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APPENDIX.
ham, John Schurman, John Wetherill, David Williamson, Jonathan Sergeant, Jona- than Baldwin, Jonathan Deare. Morris, William Winds, William De Hart, Peter Dickerson, Jacob Drake, Ellis Cooke, Silas Condict. Somerset, Hendrick Fisher, John Roy, Peter Schenk, Abraham Van Neste. Enos Kelsey, Jonathan D. Sergeant, Frederick Frelinghuysen, William Patterson, Archibald Stewart, Edward Dumont, William Maxwell, Ephraim Martin. Mowmouth, Edward Taylor, Joseph Saltar, Robert Montgomery, John Holmes, John Covenhoven, Daniel Hendrickson, Nicho- las Van Brunt. Hunterdon, Samuel Tucker, John Mehelm, John Hart, John Stout, Jasper Smith, Thomas Lowry, Charles Stewart, Daniel Hunt, Ralph Hart, Jacob Jennings, Richard Stevens, John Stevens, junior, Thomas Stout, Thomas Jones, John Bassett. Burlington, Joseph Borden, Isaac Pearson, Colin Campbell, Joseph Read, John Pope. Gloucester, John Cooper, Elijah Clark, John Sparks. Cumber- land, Samuel Fithian, Jonathan Elmer, Thomas Ewing. Salem, Andrew Sinnick- son, Robert Johnson, Samuel Dick, Jacob Scoggin, James James. Cupe May, Jesse Hand.
NOTE DD .- Page 172.
List of the deputies of the provincial Congress, elected in September, 1775.
Bergen, John Demarest, Jacobus Post, Abraham Van Buskirk. Essex, Abraham Clark, Lewis Ogden, Samuel Potter, Caleb Camp, Robert Drummond. Middlesex, John Wetherill, John Dennis, Azariah Dunham. Morris, William Winds. * William De Hart,* Jacob Drake, Silas Condict, Ellis Cook. Somerset, Hendrick Fisher, Cornelius Van Muliner," Ruloffe Van Dyke. Susser. William Maxwell," Ephraim
Martin, Thomas Potts," Abijah Brown, Mark Thompson. Hunterdon, Samuel Tucker, John Mehelm, John Hart, Charles Stewart, Augustine Stevenson." Mon- mouth, Edward Taylor, John Covenhoven, Joseph Holmes. Burlington, Isaac Pier- son, John Pope, Samuel How," John Wood, Joseph Newbold. Gloucester, John Cooper,* Joseph Ellis, Thomas Clark," Elijah Clark," Richard Somers .* Salem, Grant Gibbon, Benjamin Holme, John Holme, Edward Keasby, John Carey. Cum- berland, Theophilus Elmer, Jonathan Eyers. Cape May, Jesse Hand,* Elijah Hughes.
* The persons whose names are thus * marked did not attend this session of the Congress.
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