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EX LIBRIS
W.H. SAMSON.
1800
Class 121
Book 175E
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LIVINGSTON COUNTY PUBLIC BUILDINGS, GENESEO, N. Y.
-1687-
-
HISTORY -OF ---
Livingston County,
NEW YORK,
WITH
allustrations and Biographical Sketches +
SOME OF ITS PROMINENT MEN AND PIONEERS.
By JAMES H. SMITH, 11
ASSISTED BY HUME H. CALE.
Published by D. MASON & CO.,
SYRACUSE, N. Y.
-188I
F
SYRACUSE, N. Y .: TRUAIR, SMITH & BRUCE, PRINTERS AND BINDERS. ISSI.
11
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I .- Aborigines - Pre-Historic Period -PAGE The Iroquois Confederacy Its Origin and Organization -Tribal Relations- Secret of Its Power-Its Superiority and Suprem- acy-Its Degeneracy ..
CHAPTER 11 .- Indian Habits and Usages- Indian Dwellings-Indian Towns-Social Usages -Dress and Habits-Law of Marriages- Experimental Marriages-Family Disci- pline-Amusements-Dances and Feasts -The War Dance-Stated Annual Festi- vals-Medical Feasts-Dreams-Wizards and Witches-Burials-Wampum-Hos- pitality.
20)
CHAPTER III. - Early Discoveries-European Com- petition in the Western Continent-Settle- ments and Conflicting Claims of the Dutch, French and English-The English Snpercede the Dutch in New Netherlands -Iroquois and Early Colonists - Cham- plain's Invasions of 1609 and 1615-Loca- tion of the Fort attacked by Champlain in 1615-Iroquois make Peace with French - Iroquois Conquests and Supremacy ..... 32
CHAPTER IV. - French and English Rivalry-Ex- pedition of M. de Courcelles against the Mohawks - M. de Tracy's Expedition against the Mohawks-Peace of Breda- French and Iroquois at warin 1669-Peace of 1673 - M. de la Barre's Expedition against the Senecas-MI. de Denonville's Expedition against the Senecas-French and English War of 1689-Attack on Mon- treal and Quebec-Frontenac Invades the Onondaga Country-Treaty of Ryswick- Treaty of Utrecht-Tuscaroras admitted to Iroquois Confederacy - French and English War of 1744-1748-Treaty of Aix- la-Chappelle - War Renewed in 1755- Treaty of Paris-Pontiac's Conspiracy- War of the Revolution-Present Status of Iroquois. 39
CHAPTER V .- The Senecas-Their Origin and Sym- bols-Antiquity and Extent of their Conn- try-Their Status among the Iroquois- Their Early Town Sites-Greenhalgh's Journal-The Senecas Visited by LaMotte, Hennepin and LaSalle-Mission of Sieur de Joncaire - Jesnit Missions -- Jogue's Mission to the Mobawks -- Le Moine's Mission at Onondaga-Chanmonot Estab- lishes the Missions of St. Joseph among the Cayugas an:l of St. Michael among the Senecas -- Missions of Fathers Fremin, Raffeix and Garnier - Seneca Mission Resumed by Fathers Garnier and
PAGE
CHAPTER V .- ( CONTINUED. Vaillant Fathers Bruyas and Fenelon- Episcopal Missions-New England Mis- sions-Rev. Sam'l Kirkland-Missionary Societies of Massachusetts and New York. 59 CHAPTER VI .- Titles to the Soil-Extinguishment of Indian Titles-Line of Property-Con- flicting Claims of New York and Massa- chusetts-Preemption Line-New York and Massachusetts Surrender Claims to Territory to Federal Government- Treaty and Cession of 1784-Phelps and Gorham's Purchase- Treaty and Cession of 1788-Pultney Estate-Holland Land Company-Holland Purchase-Connecti- cut Tract-Transit Line-Morris Reserve - Forty thousand acre Tract-Morris Hon- orary Creditor's Tract-Robert Morris' Letter to President Washington-Treaty and Cession of Big Tree in 1797-Red Jacket's Insincerity-Difficulties Experi- enced in Determining the Extent and Boundaries of Reservations-Mary Jemi- son's Farm - Lessee Company - Effort made to Dismember the State-Reserva- tions made in 1797-Treaty and Cession of 1826 ..
CHAPTER VI1 .- Early Civil Divisions-Formation of Livingston County-Original Towns in Livingston County-Subsequent Ter- ritorial Changes-Topography-Bounda- ries, Area and Geographical Situation- Improved Land in 1820 and 1875- Char- acter of Surface-Genesee River-Falls at Portage-The Genesee made a Public Highway -Charlevoix's Description of the Genesee in 1712-Indian Name of the Genesee-Its Principal Tributaries- Canaseraga Creek - Cashaqua Creek - Conesus and Hemlock Lakes-Climate of Livingston County-Soil-Staple Produc- tions-Chief Industry-Comparative Anal- ysis of the Census of 1875-Livingston County Compared with other Counties in the State-Towns in Livingston County Compared
CHAPTER VI11. - Geology-Succession of Under- lying Rocks in the County -- Water-lime of the Onondaga Salt Group-Onondaga Limestone -- Corniferous Limestone -- Mar- cellus Shales -- Hamilton Group-Gene- sce Slate - Portage Group - Casbaqua Shale -Gardean Shale and Flagstones- Portage Sandstones Diagonal Lamina- tion-Ripple Marks-Casts of Shrinkage Cracks-Concretions or Septaria-Casts
a. v. 12 gia 2
4
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER VIII. - (CONTINUED. ) PAGE
of Flowing Mud, Etc. - Indications of Coal- Sulphuretted Hydrogen Springs Avon Springs- Brine Springs-Alluvial Deposits Marl Chara Mastodon Re- mains ...
CHAPTER IX .- First Settlements and Measures Leading Thereto Military Tract-Mill- Yard Tract Census of 1790 First Set- tlements in Livingston County -Commun- ication opened with the Settlements in Pennsylvania - Arks - Charles William- son becomes Agent of the Pultney Estate - Progress of Settlements under his En- ergetic Exertions-The Village of Wil- liamsburgh Founded - Settlements Re- tarded by War with the Western Indians and unfriendly Attitude of the British in Caunda " Simcoe War" - Remarkable Progress of Settlements Scotch Colony at Caledonia -- Robert Manro's Descrip- tion of the Genesee Country in 1801-Set- tlements Interrupted by War of 1812- Population at Different Periods-Homes and Privations of the Early Settlers. ...... 91
CHAPTER X .- Internal Improvements - Indian Trails Routes Indicated by Blazed Trees Improvements in Natural Water Chan- nels- Western Inland Loek Navigation Company -- Old Genesee Road-Caynga Bridge - Seneca Turnpike Company - First Mail between Whitestown and the Genesee - Williamsburgh Road -First Vessel and Steamboat on Lake Erie The Erie Canal-Early Speculations Regard- ing It-First Survey Thereof- First Board of Canal Commissioners First Contract on Erie Canal Construction Commenced The Completion Celebrated Erie Canal Enlargement-Navigation of the Genesee First Canal Boat and Steamboat thereon Genesee Valley Canal Preliminary Measures- Construction Luthorized-1ts Completion - Dansville and Rochester Railroad - Geneseo and Pittsford Rail- road-Attica and Hornelsville Railroad- Portage Bridge-Portage Riot -- Buffalo and Cohocton Valley Railroad - Rochester and Genesee Valley Railroad -- Genesee Valley Railroad -Avon, Geneseo and Mit. Morris Railroad -Dansville and Genesce Valley Railroad Company -Erie and Gen- esee Valley Railroad- Silver Lake Rail- road Canandaigua and Niagara Falls Rail- road-Rochester, Nunda and Pennsylvania Railroad-Rochester and Genesee Valley Canal Railroad.
CHAPTER XI .- Societies-The Medical Society of the County of Livingston-Its Organiza- tion and First Officers-Succession of Presidents of the Society - Names of Members from its Organization-Origin of Homeopathy - Its Introduction into Livingston County -Homeopathic Med- ical Society of Livingston County Its Constituent Members-Succession of P'res- idents of the Society-Additional Mem- bers The Livingston County Agrienltu- ral Society - First Officers - Premiums Awarded Classification of Members in 1855-Prominent Stock Raisers and Hor- tienlturists in Connty-Snecession of Pres- idents of the Agricultural Society Liv- ingston County Stock Association-Liv- ingston County Historical Society-Liv- ingston County Pioneer Association ....... 110
CHAPTER XII .- The Press of Livingston County- PAGE Origin of the Press- The American Press -Its Marvelous Growth Early Journal- ism in Livingstou County The First Newspaper in Livingston County-The Union and Constitution-The Livingston Republican - The Dansville Express - The Laws of Life and Journal of llealth -. The Nunda News- The Dansville Adver- tiser The Mt. Morris Enterprise-The Livingston County llerald -- The Union Citizen The Caledonia Advertiser-The Springwater Enterprise - Obsolete Pa- pers. ... 121
CHAPTER XIII. - Early Courts- County Seat Des- ignated-First County Officers- County Buildings - First Court in Livingston County - County Poor-House - Insane Asylum-Livingston County Civil List -- Delegates to State Constitutional Couven- tions-State Senators Members of As- sembly First and County Judges-Surro- gates - District Attorneys - Sheriffs - County Clerks - County Treasurers -- County Superintendeuts of the Common Schools - School Commissioners - Presi- dential Electors- Representatives in Con- gress ... .. 127
CHAPTER XIV .-- War of the Rebellion -Iis Under- lying Canse Seeession of South Carolina, Followed by Other States -- First Measures to Repress Rebellion -- Ready Response of the North- Additional Troops Called for- Prompt and Generous Response of Liv- ingston County -- Thirteenth Regiment- Twenty-Seventh Regiment -Thirty-Third Regiment-Regimental Camp at Geneseo -One Hundred and Fourth Regiment, or Wadsworth Guards-Calls of July 2, 1862, and August 4, 1862-Military Districts Formed -- The One Ilundred and Thirtieth Regimeut, or First New York Dragoons- One Hundred and Thirty-Sixth Regiment -The Draft-Quotas Under Various Calls -Subsequent Calls-County Bounty - Enormous Local Bonnties-State Bounty -- Local Bounties Abrogated-Contribu- tions to the Support of the Indigent Fan- ilies of Volunteers-Quotas Under Last Three Calls 134
CHAPTER XV .- Ilistory of the Town of North Dansville 155 CHAPTER XVI. - History of the Town of Ossian .... 209 CHAPTER XVII .- History of the Town of Spring- water 216
CHAPTER XVIII. - History of the Town of Sparta. 224 CHAPTER XIX. - History of the Town of West Sparta ... 235
CHAPTER XX. - History of the Town of Nunda .... 212 CHAPTER XXI .- Ilistory of the Town of Portage. 262 CHAPTER XXII. - History of the Town of Mount Morris. . 983 CHAPTER XXIII. - History of the Town of Conesus 323 CHAPTER XXIV .- History of the Town of Leices- ter 338 CHAPTER XXV .- History of the Town of Grove- land .. 348
CHAPTER XXVI .- History of the Town of Livonia 361 CHAPTER XXVII. - Ilistory of the Town of Gen- eseo. .. 381 CHAPTER XXVIII. - History of the Town of York. tto CHAPTER XXIX .- History of the Town of Avon ... 426
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5
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXX .- History of the Town of Cale- PAGE
donia. 447 CHAPTER XXXI .- History of the Town of Lima ... 469
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Alverson James Lawrence, LL. D., Lima, portrait,
(steel) ... .facing 487
Atherton Oliver, Leicester, portraits self and wife,
.facing 343
Ayrault Allen, Geneseo, portrait. .facing 395
Allen, Samuel P., Geneseo, portrait facing 388
Barker S. S., Nunda, portraits self and wife ... facing 260
Barney George W., Mt. Morris, portraits self and wife. .facing 310 Beardsley Jared, Portage, view of residence .. facing 270
Beebe James E., Leicester, portraits self and wite .. facing 338
Beecher Jobn S., Livonia, portrait. 381
Bennett Charles D., Portage, portrait .facing 278
Bennett George Hosmer, Lima, portrait .facing 489
Bennett Joel C., Portage, portrait. . 277
Bennett Mrs. Walter, Portage, portrait. 279
Bennett J. Yates, Portage, portrait. 280
Bigelow Epaphroditus, Geneseo, portrait 407
Bingham Bros., Mt. Morris, bank block ......... facing 303 Bissell Daniel H., M. D., Geneseo, portrait .... facing 405 Blake Jesse, Livonia, portrait. 380
Blakeslee Senator, York, portrait ..... ... between 424-425 Brooks Gen. Micah, Mt. Morris, portrait ....... facing 316 Brown Merritt H., Dansville, portrait. 201
Butler Frederick W., Geneseo, portrait .. 406
Cameron Angus, Caledonia, portrait .. 463
Cameron Jolm, Caledonia, portraits self and wife,
Cameron Duncan A., Caledonia, portrait ... facing 451
.. 465
Chamberlain Oscar L., West Sparta, portrait 239
Coe Nathaniel, Portage, portrait. .facing 278
Coe George F., Conesus, portrait .facing 333 Colt Hon. Charles, Geneseo, portrait. 409
Craig William, York, portrait facing 426 Crossett John, Geneseo, portrait. (steel) .facing 404
Court House ... . Frontispiece
Donnan David, York, portrait ..... .. between 424-425
Dickinson E. O., Nunda, residence. .... .between 242-243 Driesbach Elias, Sparta, residence ......... between 226-227 Driesbach Henry. Sr., Sparta, portraits self and wife,
Driesbach Henry, Jr., Sparta, portrait, (steel) .facing 226
. between 234-235 Driesbach Elias, Sparta, portrait, (steel), between 234-235 Ebenriter Mary Biekel, Groveland, portrait .... facing 356 Faulkner Dr. Jas., Dansville, portrait, (steel) .. facing 197 Field Leonard B., Dansville, portrait. 240
Flory John, Sparta, portrait . facing 233 Foote Chester, Mt. Morris, portrait .. facing 278 Fowler N. Harmon, Livonia, portrait. 378
Francis Franklin B., Lima, portrait .. 489
Fraser William, York, portrait .. .facing 416 Galbraith John, Sparta, portraits self and wife
.facing 228 Geiger Elias H., Ossian, portraits self and wife, (steel).
between 214-215 Geiger E. H., Ossian, view of residence, between 210-211 Gibbs Hon. Leman, Livonia, portrait 379 Gilbert Charles S., Avon, portraits self and wife, between 442-443 Gilbert Charles S, Avon, view of residence, and mills between 442-443 Gilbert Joel, Conesus, portrait .. 337
Gray Dr. Arnold, Springwater, portrait
Gray Thomas, Geneseo, portraits self and wife, facing 383 Gilman John, Groveland, portraits self and wife,
facing 354 Grant Giles P., Caledonia, portrait, (steel) ... .. facing 464
Hartman Wm., Dansville, portraits self and wife, .facing 188 Hamilton William, Caledonia. portrait, (steel), facing 462
PAGE
Hamilton William, Caledonia, view of residence.
warehouse and elevator. facing 456 Hampton Isaac, Ossian, portraits self and wife,
.facing 212 Hanby John, Geneseo, portraits self and wife, facing 385 Haynes Jonathan Hunter, Geneseo, portrait ... facing 384 Haynes John, Geneseo, portrait. .facing 384 HIedges Job C., Dansville, portrait .facing 190 Hendershott Charles, Groveland, portraits self and wife .. facing 353
Hyde Corydon, Ossian, view of residence. . .facing 214 Hyland George, Dansville, portrait facing 196 Hyde Corydon, Ossian, portraits self and wife, facing 214 Jackman Moses, Livonia, portraits self and wife,
facing 373
Jacques Russel R., Livonia, portrait. ... 350 Jackson Dr. J. C., Dansville, portrait, (steel) ... facing 192 Johns Geo. H., Sparta, portraits self and wife ... facing 229 Johnson Leicester, Avon, portraits self and wife, .between 446 447
Johnson Seymour, Avon, portrait. facing 447 Kiehle Benj, Sparta, portraits self and wife .... facing 231 Kysor Mrs. Julia A., West Sparta, residence ... facing 240 Kysor Benjamin F., West Sparta, portraits self and wife ... facing 240
McClintock Joseph, Geneseo, portrait 405
MeLean Archibakl H., Caledonia, portrait, (steel)
.facing 465
McLean Hector, Caledonia, portrait, (steel) ..... facing 468 McPherson Daniel, Caledonia, portrait. .. 417 McPherson Donald, Avou, portrait, (steel) .. .... facing 446 Mann Wm. K., Groveland, portrait, (steel) .... facing 359 Martin A. H., Lima, view of residence ..... .facing 472
Martin A. D .. Lima, view of residence .... facing 472 Martin Alexander, Lima, portrait, (steel) ....... facing 480 Mills Myron H., Mt. Morris, portrait, (steel) ... facing 318 Norton William H., Springwater, view of residence,
Norton John B., Springwater, portrait. facing 216
223 "Our Home Hygienic Institute," Dansville, view of
.. between 176-177
Page Herman D., Nunda, portrait facing 244 Page Albert, Nunda, portrait. facing 244 Paine Earl J., Nunda, portrait ... .facing 260 Parker David Curtis, Lima, portrait facing 470 Passage Daniel, Nunda, view of Water Cure ... facing 262 Pease Henry, Livonia, portrait. 378
Perine James P., West Sparta, portrait ... .facing 241
Perrin Andrew N., Conesus, portrait
.facing 336
Perrin Mrs. R. M., Conesus, view of residence .. facing 324 Pierson Frederick Bushnell, Avon, portrait .... facing 445 Pray Isaac. Groveland, portraits self and wife, facing 360 Pierson F. B .. Avon, view of residence ... between 428-429 Pray Isaac, Groveland, view of residence. ...... facing 360 Proctor Lucian B., Dansville, portrait. .. 203
Phillips Jonathan, Mt. Morris, portrait .. .facing 278 Piffard David, York, portrait, (steel). facing 419 Reynale Wm. H., M. D., Dansville, portrait .... facing 194 Riley Richard Alsop. Geneseo, portrait .. .. facing 386 Root Capt. George W., York, portrait. .. facing 423 Royce John Sears, Leicester, portrait, (steel) ... facing 347
Sanders C. K., Nunda, view of residence ..... . facing 246 Sackett Col. Orange, York, portrait, (steel) .... facing 421 Shutt John, Sparta, portraits self and wife ..... facing 230 Sleeper Col. Reuben, MIt. Morris, portrait. 322
Smith John, MIt. Morris, portrait facing 288
Smith Col. George. Livonia, portrait .facing 362
Smith Willard HI., Caledonia, portrait, (steel) ... facing 453 Smith Joseph W., Dansville, portrait. .facing 194 Smith Jesse, Sparta, portrait .. 233 Society of Christian Believers, Sonyea, view of the home. .. between 358-359 Stevens Archelaus, Dansville, portrait. 202
Stewart Niel, York, portrait, (steel). .facing 422 Townsend John H., Nunda, portrait. .facing 260 Vary William, Lima, portrait, (steel). .facing 4×8 VanDoren Win., West Sparta, portraits self and wife,
facing 241
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Grant Giles P., Caledonia. 464
Gray Dr. Arnold, Springwater. 223
Gray Thomas, Geneseo ... facing 383 Hampton Hon. Isaac, Ossian. facing 212
Hamilton William, Caledonia. 462
Hanby John, Geneseo .. facing 385
Haynes Jonathan Hunter, Geneseo. facing 381
Hendershott Charles, Groveland facing 353
Hartman William, Dansville .. facing 1×8
Hedges Col. Job Clark, Dansville. facing 190
Hayues John, Geneseo. facing 384
Hyland George, Dansville. 196
Hyde Corydon, Ossian.
214
Jackson Dr. James C., Dansville 192
Jackman Moses, Livonia. facing 373
Jacques Russel R., Livonia. 380
Jemison Mary, Mt. Morris. 285
Johns George 11 , Sparta. . facing
Johnson Leicester, Avou 417
Jones Capt. Horatio, Geneseo. 409
Kielle Benjamin, Sparta. facing
231
Kysor Benjamin F., West Sparta 241
Logan Edward, Groveland 360
Mann W. K., Groveland. 350
464
Mclean Hector, Caledonia .. 467
McClintock Abraham, Geneseo. 405
Martin Alexander, Lima .. 4:0
Mills Myron H., Mt. Morris. 318
McPherson Daniel, Caledonia 467
McPherson Donald, Avon. 446
Norton John B., Springwater 993
Page Herman D., Nunda. facing 244
l'aine Earl J., Nunda 261
Page Albert, Nunda facing 244
Parker David Curtis, Lima. facing 470
Pease Henry, Livonia. 378
Perine James P., West Sparta. 241
Perrin Andrew N., Conesns ... 33G
Pierson Frederick Bushnell, Avon. 445
321
Piffard David, York ..
421
Pray Isaac, Groveland.
360
Proctor Lucian Brock, Dansville, 20.5
Reynale Win. H., M. D., Dansville ;.
Riley Richard Alsop, Geneseo. facing 386
Root Capt. George W., York. 423
Royce John Sears, Leicester 347
Hackett Col. Orange, York 421
Shutt JJohn, Sparta .. faring 230
Sleeper Col. Renben, Mt. Morris
Smith Joseph W .. Dansville ..
195
Smith Jesse, Sparta .. 233
Smith John, MIt. Morris 288
facing
Smith Col. George, Livonia. facing 362 Smith Willard Huntington, Caledonia. 465
Stevens Archelaus, Dansville 202
Stewart Niel, York .. 422
Townsend John H., Nunda.
VanDoren William, West Sparta. 241
Vary William, Lima ..
Ward Rev. Ferdinand DeW., Geneseo. . facing 401
Water Cure and Mineral Springs, Nunda 262
Warren Sammel, York 424
Weidman John, Springwater.
Walker David, Caledonia 468
West Erastus, Livonia. facing 370
Wells Harlow Willard, M. D .. Caledonia. 466
White John, Groveland 361
Whitmore William, Leicester .. 348
White Hon. William M., Ossian. 214
Whiteman Reuben, Dansville ... 193
Williams Col. George, Portage
Wilhelm George, Conesns .. 336
Woodruff Buell D . Livonia ..
Wiard Matthew, Avon. facing 430
Whaley Charles E., Avon. between 436-137
Zerfass George, Dansville. 204
Allen Sammel P., Geneseo. facing 388
Atherton Oliver, Leicester facing 343
Alverson James Lawrence, LL. D., Lima 486
Ayrault Allen, Geneseo .facing 305
Barker Seth S., Nunda 260
Barney George W., Mit. Morris facing 310
Bennett, Joel C., Portage 277
Bennett Charles D., Portage.
Bennett Mrs. Walter, Portage. 279
Brunett J. Yates, Portage.
Beche JJames E., Leicester facing 338
Beecher John S., Livonia .. 3×1
Bennett George Hosmer, Lima.
Bigelow Epaphroditus, Geneseo ... 107
Bissell Daniel II., M. D., Geneseo. 405
Blake Jesse, Livonia. 3×0
Blakeslee Senator, York
Brooks Gen. Micah, Mt. Morris. facing :16
Brown Merritt Holmes, Dansville. 201
Buunell A. O., Dansville .. 203
Bunnell Major Mark J., Dansville 203
Butler Frederick W., Geneseo ..
400
Cameron John, Caledonia. facing 451
Cameron Angus, Caledonia ..
463
Cameron Duncan A., Caledonia
465
Chamberlain Oscar L., West Sparta
Voe llon. Nathaniel, Portage 2278
l'oe George F., Conesus ... 339 facing
10
Crossett John, Geneseo
404
Craig William, York
126
Christinu Believers, Society of, Groveland.
Dickinson E. O., Nuncha
261
Donuan David, York 424
Driesbach Henry, Sr., Sparta facing 226
Driesbach Elias, Sparta ... 234
Driesbach Henry, Jr., Sparta
Ebenriter Mary Bickel, Groveland facing 35G
Fanikuer Dr. James, Dansville. 197
Field Leonard B., West Sparta 240
Francis Franklin B., Lima .. facing 233
Flory John, Sparta
321
Fowler N. Harmon, Livonia
377
Fraser William, York 423
Geiger Elias H., Ossian. 215
Gibbs llon. Leman, Livonia
Galbraith John. Sparta. .facing 22%
Gilbert Charles S., Avon between 442-143
Gilbert Joel, Conesns .. 337
Gihuan Phillip, Groveland facing 35t
(hlman John, Groveland .facing 351
PAGE
Weidman John, Springwater, portraits self and wife, .facing 224 Warren Sammel, York, portrait ... .facing 424
Ward Rev. Ferdinand De W., Geneseo, portrait, facing 401 Walker David, Caledonia, portrait .. 460 ... Weichnan John, Springwater, residence. .facing 224
Wells Harlow W., M. D., Caledonia, portrait, (steel )
facing frit
West Erastus, Livonia, portraits self and wife ... facing 370 Wiard Matthew, Avon. portrait facing 430 White W'm. M., Ossian, portrait, (steel ) ... .. .. facing 209 White John, Groveland. portrait ... 361
Whiteman Renben, Dansville, portrait. ...... facing 193 Whitmore Win., Leicester, portraits self and wife, ( steel) .. .between 348-349
Whaley Charles E., Avon, portraits self and wife,
.between 436 437
Whaley Charles E .. Avon, view of " Sanitarium,"
between 136 437
Wilhelin George, Conesus, portrait. .facing 335
Williams Col. George. Portage, portrait 2×1
Woodruff Buell D., Livonia, portrait .. 379
Zerfass ficorge, Dausville, portraits self and wife ..... 204
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
MeLean Col. Archibald H., Caledonia.
Phillips Jonathan, Mt. Morris.
Colt Hon. Charles, Geneseo.
Fonte Chester, Mt. Morris.
INTRODUCTION.
IN THE preparation of the history of the county treated of in this volume the authors have endeavored to confine themselves to a concise and truthful statement of facts, leaving deductions and moralisms, except where such were necessary to a proper elucidation of the subject, to the individual reader ; and in gleaning these facts they have laid under contribution every available source of information in the effort to arrive at correct data. This, however, has not always been possible, for much is given that rests for its authority entirely upon verbal statements, which, even among the best informed, are subject to the lapses of memory. When conflicting statements have been observed, as was to be expected there would be in so broad a field of inquiry, an honest effort has been made to reconcile them and make them con- form to the probable fact ; for while each individual expects the record of a fact to conform to his remembrance, it is notorious that all do not retain precisely the same recollection of it. To this end also, records have been consulted where such existed and were accessible, both to supplement and establish a verbal fact, and as an original source of information. These, however, were often fragment- ary, sometimes entirely wanting, and while their incompleteness was perplexing, their frequent indefinite- ness was even more so, so that it was often necessary to supplement them by verbal information.
The materials for such a work were widely scattered. They laid mainly in the imperfect town, county, church, school, society and private records, and in the vague and faded memories of individuals. Much time, labor, diligent research and patient inquiry have been required to gather these materials and collate them into systematic order. Every town has been visited, and its records and well-informed citizens have been consulted. In addition to these, the files of local and other papers have been scrutinized, and the works of numerous authors laid under contribution ; but as the latter have generally been referred to in the text, especially when quoted, we do not deem it necessary to enumerate them here. A few local gleaners, of acknowledged ability, in this field of historic inquiry, had rescued from oblivion much that has served to embellish the annals of Livingston. The fruit of their labors was kindly placed at our disposal.
Much more might have been given, enough to swell the volume to twice its present size, by the multiplication of details which some would regard with interest and others as unimportant ; much indeed was prepared and still more gathered, but it was found necessary to eliminate it to bring it within the scope of this work. In discarding matter we have aimed to retain that which seemed most important- most worthy of preservation.
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