USA > New York > Livingston County > History of Livingston County, New York, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 27
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A new three-story brick building, 108 by 36 feet, with basement, and two lateral wings, each 53 feet deep, was erected in 1850, and completed ready
129
COUNTY POOR HOUSE AND INSANE ASYLUM.
for occupaney early in the winter of that year, at a cost of $7,356.40, exclusive of furniture and heat- ing apparatus. It is situated on the opposite (north) side of the road, and adjacent to the old one. The central portion is occupied by the su- perintendent and his family ; the right wing by the male, and the left wing by the female paupers. The sexes are separated at night, and as far as practicable during the day.
In 1868, when the late superintendent, George WV. Barney, entered upon the discharge of the duties of that office, the only accommodations for the insane were "a few cells in the basement of the men's building, and the ordinary rooms in the building for women." The apartments were wholly unfit for their purposes, and the insane re- ceived no special attention. The building was heated by stoves, was imperfectly ventilated, and without proper bathing facilities .* In 1869, a small two-story brick building was erected for the accommodation of the insane paupers, and subse- quently another and larger building was erected for the same purpose, the two affording accommo- dations for about fifty patients. In 1879, a third building was erected for the use of the female in- sane, accommodating forty-four patients. Thirty- three acres have also been added to the poor-house farm. "The entire place," says Mr. Barney, in his Annual Report to the Board of Supervisors, Nov. 20, 1879, "has been put in the best of order, and above all, the condition of the buildings has been raised from a state of filthiness hardly to be de- seribed to a condition second to no building of the kind in the State, and the institution has now at- tained a reputation such as reflects the highest honor upon every taxpayer in the county." The county provides for such of its dependent children as cannot be secured situations in families, in or- phan asylums at Rochester. During the year end- ing Oct. 31, 1879, there was expended for the maintenance of such children $888.85. At that date there were eight in the Rochester Orphan Asylum and one in St. Mary's Boys' Orphan Asy- lum, in the same city.
The farm, which is in a good state of cultivation, is tilled by the sanet and insane paupers, with the * Twelfth Annual Report of the State Board of Charities, for 1878, P.73.
t Says Mr. Barney in the report above referred to: "I have stren- uously endeavored to utilize the services of able-bodied paupers on the farm and have succeeded to a greater degr.e than ever before, but an ex- perience of twelve years with this class convinces me of the fact that the supervision necessary to get work done properly and in the proper time amounts to almost as much as the value of the services rendered, and that the inmates of the Insane Asylum, under a keeper, will perform more work in a given time, and in a better manner, than the same nun- ber of paupers."
aid of one assistant, and, strange as the fact may seem, the labor of the insane is far more efficient and satisfactory than that of the sane. The value of this pauper labor for the year 1879, is estimated at at least $2,300. The stock upon the farm con- sisted of two pair of working horses, two single horses and ten milch cows, the whole valued at $950, and the products of the farm for the year ending Oct. 31, 1879, of 1,000 bushels of corn, (in ear,) 445 bushels of barley, 508 bushels of oats, 40 tons of hay, 400 bushels of wheat, 60 bushels of beans, 600 bushels of potatoes; straw, valued at $75, milk from ten cows, valued at $300, 20 fat hogs, 30 store hogs, 50 bushels of apples, garden vegetables, valued at $20, and corn stalks, valued at $50, the total valuation being $2,435.80.
The number of persons received and supported in the alms house and insane asylum during the year ending Oct. 31, 1879, was 335 : the number remaining Nov. 1, 1879, was 158. Of the whole number, 228 were males, and 107, females; 206 were natives of the United States, 94, of Ireland, 14. of England, 16, of Germany, 2, of Canada, 2, of France, and I, of Scotland.
The expenses connected with the support of the poor during the year ending Oct. 31, 1879, are thus stated in the report of the superintendent :-
Alms House Supplies, $11,086 17
Alms House Expenses, 5,860 65
Temporary relief in the several towns, . 3,031 87
Transportation, 67 40
Total, $20,046 09 The number of deaths during the year was twenty-one. The average age of the deceased per- sons was 58, 17-21 years.
The number of insane persons received and sup- ported in the insane asylum during the year was 75. Of this number 7 males and 4 females were discharged cured ; 1 male was discharged unim- proved ; 1 male and 3 females died ; i female com- mitted suicide ; and 30 males and 28 females then remained. Mr. Barney, in referring in his report to this class of unfortunates, says :-
" Under the advice of the Hon. Wm. P. Letch- worth, president of the State Board of Charities, I have given great attention to the food and diet of the insane. I feel the deepest gratification at the results of my efforts, and confidently invite com- parison of the proportion discharged eured from our own asylum with that of any other like institu- tion in the State. The new building for female patients is now about finished and will accommo- date 44 persons. With this increased room it will be possible to classify patients much more com- pletely than heretofore and from the result of this
130
HISTORY OF LIVINGSTON COUNTY.
classification I look for the most favorable results in the future."
The present Superintendent of the Poor is James C. Wicker, who entered upon the discharge of his duties January 1, 1880. Mr. Barney was preceded in the office by A. Howard, who filled that respon- sible position for twenty-three years.
Livingston County Civil List .-- Livingston county has produced many men of talent and eminence in the various professions and occupies a distinguished position in the civil list. She has furnished a gov- ernor, in the person of John Young of Geneseo, who was elected in 1846, by a vote of 198,878, over three opponents, Silas Wright, Henry Bradley and Ogden Edwards, who received respectively 187,306 12,844 and 6,306 votes ;* a Private Secretary of the Executive chamber of New York, in the person of Lockwood 1. Doty of Geneseo, who was appointed in 186r and held the office two years; a Chief of the Bureau of Military statistics, in the person of the latter gentleman, who was appointed on the creation of that office April 8, 1863, and was sue- ceeded September 10, 1866, by Augustus J. H. Duganne of New York, who subsequently became Mr. Doty's biographer ; a Judge-Advocate-General, in the person of Campbell H. Young of Geneseo, who was appointed January 1, 1867 ; two State Comp- trollers, in the persons of Philo C. Fuller of Geneseo, who was appointed Dec. 18, 1850, on the election of Washington Hunt to the gubernatorial chair, and held the office till the close of the term, and Jas. W. Wadsworth of Geneseo, elected Nov. 4, 1879 ; a Ca- nal Commissioner, in the person of Daniel l'. Bissell of Moscow, who was appointed February 8, 1842, to fill vacancy, and again November 4, 1844. for the term of four years ; a Canal Appraiser, in the per- son of Calvin H. Bryan of Geneseo, who was ap- pointed April 4, 1846, and served one term of three years ; a Regent of the University of New York, (in addition to John Young, who, as Governor of the State, was an ex-officio member of the board,) in the person of James S. Wadsworth of Geneseo, who was appointed May 4, 1844, and held the office till his death, May 8, 1864; two Clerks of the Court of Appeals, in the persons of Benjamin F. Harwood and Russell F. Hicks, both of Dansville, the former of whom was elected November 8, 1853, and died in office at Albany, March 30, 1856, and the latter November 7, 1856, holding the office three years ; and a Diplomatic Officer in the person of Benja- min F. Angel of Geneseo, who was appointed Min-
ister-Resident to Sweden and Norway July 17, 1857.
Delegates to State Constitutional Conventions .- James Rosebrugh represented this county in the Convention of 1821 ; Allen Ayrault and William II. Spencer, both of Geneseo, in that of 1846 ; and Isaac L. Endress, of Dansville, in that of 1867.
State Senators .- Previous to 1821 the Senato- rial Districts were designated as Southern, Mid- dle, Eastern and Western. The latter originally comprised Albany and Tryon (afterwards Mont- gomery) counties, and Ontario which then em- braced the territory included in Livingston county, from Jan. 27, 1789. During the continuance of the First Constitution it comprised these counties and those subsequently erected from them. The representation, which at first was six members, was changed February 7, 1791, to five ; March 4, 1796, to eleven; in 1803, to nine; in 1808, to twelve; and April 17, 1815, to nine.
Under the Second Constitution which was adop- ted the year in which this county was organized, (1821,) the State was divided into eight Senatorial Districts, which were designated by number. Liv- ingston county belonged to the Eighth District, which also embraced the counties of Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie, Genesee, Monroe, Niagara and Steuben, until November 12, 1824, when Orleans was added. April 18, 1826, Sten- ben was transferred ; and May 23d, 1836, Alle- gany, Cattaraugus and Livingston were transferred to the Sixth District, which then comprised addi- tionally the counties of Broome, Chenango, Tioga, Tompkins, Steuben and Chemung. This connec- tion it retained during the further continuance of the Second Constitution which entitled each dis- triet to four Senators, one of whom was elected annually for the term of four years.
Under the third or present Constitution, the State is divided into thirty-two districts, in each of which one member is elected each odd year. Liv- ingston was associated with Ontario in forming the Twenty-ninth district. April 13, 1857, it was asso- ciated with Allegany and Wyoming counties in forming the Thirtieth district, and maintained this relation till April 23d, 1879, when it became asso- ciated with Genesee, Niagara and Wyoming coun- ties in forming the same district.
Livingston county did not furnish a State Sena- tor previous to its organization as a separate county, nor during its connection with the Western district, which continued till 1823. The office was first
. James S. Wadsworth of Geneseo, was the candidate of the Republi- can party for Governor in 1862, but was defeated by Horatio Seymour, by a vote of 306,649 to 295,897.
V
131
LIVINGSTON COUNTY CIVIL LIST.
filled by a resident of Livingston county in 1827, by Charles H. Carroll, of Groveland, who served till his resignation in March, 1828. He has been succeeded by Moses Hayden, of York, who served in 1829 and until his death February 14, 1830; Philo C. Fuller, of Geneseo, who was elected on the death of Hayden and served in 1831 and '32; James Faulkner, of Dansville, in 1842, '3,'4and 5 ; Allen Ayrault, of Geneseo, in 1848 ;* Charles Colt, of Geneseo, in 1849-'51 ; Sidney Sweet, of Dans- ville, in 1856-'7 ;f David H. Abell, of Mt. Morris, in 1860-'61 ; James Wood, of Geneseo, 1870-'73.
Members of Assembly .- There has been little variation in Livingston county's representation in the Assembly, which has corresponded with that of the ratio of her population to that of the State, the extremes being one and two. She had one mem- ber at the time of her formation ; two, under the apportionments of April 12, 1822, April 18, 1826, May 23, 1836, March 8, 1846, and April 13, 1857 ; and one under the apportionments of April 16, 1866, and April 23, 1879, the latter of which re- mains in force.
The Assemblymen from the territory now em- braced in Livingston county prior to its erection as such were: Gideon T. Jenkins, who represented Genesee county in 1808, and Hugh McNair, of Sparta, who represented Ontario county in 1808-9 ; William Markham, of Avon, who represented On- tario county in 1810 ; Chauncey Loomis, who represented Genesee county, and Hugh McNair, Ontario county, in 1811 ; James Ganson, of Gen- eseo, who represented Genesee, and Hugh McNair, Ontario, in 1812-14; James Rosebrugh, who represented Ontario, in 1814-15, 1816-17, 1818; James Ganson, who represented Genesee in 1816 and 1816-17; Elijah Spencer and Wm. McCart- ney, who represented Ontario in 1819; Gideon T. Jenkins and Robert Mckay, who represented Genesee, and Matthew Warner, Ontario, in 1820; Wm. H. Spencer, who represented Genesee, in 1820-21.
Since its formation Livingston county has been represented in the Assembly as follows: George Smith, 1822 ; William Janes and Matthew Warner, 1823; George Hosmer and George Smith, 1824; James Faulkner and Robert Mckay, 1825; James Faulkner and Wm. H. Spencer, 1826; Wm. H. Spencer and Felix Tracy, 1827 ; Calvin H. Bryan and Wm. Janes, 1828 ; Philo C. Fuller and Titus Goodman, Jr., 1829-30 ; Jerediah Horsford and
James Percival, 1831; George W. Patterson and John Young, 1832; George W. Patterson and Samuel W. Smith, 1833; Salmon G. Grover and Tabor Ward, 1834; H. Hutchinson and George W. Patterson, 1835; Charles H. Carroll and George W. Patterson, 1836; George W. Patterson and William Scott, 1837-8; Elias Clark and George W. Patterson, 1839-40 ;* Augustus Gibbs and Reuben P. Wisner, 1841 ; Gardner Arnold and Chester Bradley, 1842; Daniel H. Fitzhugh and Daniel D. Spencer, 1843; Gardner Arnold and Daniel I). Spencer, 1844; Harlow W. Wells and John Young, 1845; William S. Fullerton and John Young, 1846; William S. Fullerton and An- drew Sill, 1847; Gurdon Nowlen and Nathaniel Coe, 1848; Archibald H. McLean and Philip Woodruff, 1849-50 ; Alvin Chamberlain and Orrin D. Lake, 1851-2; Amos A. Hendee and Abram Lozier, 1853; Leman Gibbs and Abram Lozier, 1854; Lyman Odell and McNeil Seymour, 1855; Lyman Odell and Alonzo Bradner, 1856; Lyman Hawes and Alfred Bell, 1857 ; John H. Jones and Alfred Bell, 1858; Samuel L. Fuller and John Wiley, 1859-60; Matthew Wiard and George Hyland, 1861 ; Matthew Wiard and Samuel Skin- ner, 1862 ; Hamilton E. Smith and Samuel Skin- ner, 1863 ; Hamilton E. Smith and Jonathan B. Morey, 1864; Hugh D. McColl and Jonathan B. Morey, 1865 ; Hugh D. McColl and Samuel D. Faulkner, 1866; Jacob Mead, 1867; Lewis E. Smith, 1868-9 ; Richard Johnson, 1870-1 ; Arch- ibald Kennedy, 1872-3 ; Jonathan B. Morey, 1874; James Faulkner, Jr., 1875-6 ; Jonathan B. Morey, 1877; James W. Wadsworth, 1878-9; Archibald Kennedy, 1880; Kidder M. Scott, 1881.
First and County Judges .- The Court of Com- mon Pleas was continued from the Colonial period. For most of the time under the First Constitution the number of Judges and Assistant Justices in the various counties differed, reaching, in some counties, as many as twelve of each. March 27, 1818, the office of Assistant Justice was abolished, and the number of Judges limited to five, including the First Judge. The Judges were appointed by the Governor and Senate for a period of five years. The constitution of 1846 provided for the election of a County Judge for each county, except the city and county of New York, and the new judiciary article extended the tenure of office from four to six years, upon the election of the successors of the present incumbents.
* Resigned June 2, 1848.
t During this session Samuel P. Allen, of Geneseo, was clerk of the Senate.
* During these sessions-1839-40-George W. Patterson w.ts Speaker of the Assembly. lle is the only person from this county who has oc- cupied that position.
I32
HISTORY OF LIVINGSTON COUNTY.
The First Judges of Livingston county were :- Moses Hayden, of York, appointed March 28, 1821; Charles H. Carroll, of Groveland, appointed February 1, 1823; Hezekiah 1). Mason, appointed April 8, 1829; Willard H. Smith, appointed March 24, 1832. The County Judges, since the office was made elective, have been :- Scott Lord, of Geneseo, June, 1847 ; George Hastings, of Mt. Morris, November, 1855; Solomon Hubbard, No- vember, 1863: Samuel D. Faulkner, of Dansville, November, 1871; Daniel W. Noyes, appointed in place of Faulkner, deceased, August 30, 1878; Edwin A. Nash, of Avon, November, 1878 .*
Surrogates .- Previous to 1821, Surrogates were designated by the Council of Appointment ; from 1821 to 1846, by the Governor and the Senate. The Constitution of 1846 abolished the office and devolved its duties on County Judges, except in counties having a population exceeding 40,000. This office has been held successively by James Rosebrugh, who was appointed February 26, 1821; Samuel W. Spencer, appointed March 20, 1832 : Benjamin F. Angel. appointed March 23, 1836; William H. Kelsey, appointed April 22, 1840; Benjamin F. Angel, appointed March 3, 1844, and held the office until it was abolished.
District Attorneys .- The original appellation of this office, which was created February 12, 1796, was that of Assistant Attorney-General, who was appointed by the Governor and Council. The of- fice of District Attorney was created April 4, 1801. At first the State was divided into seven districts, but subsequently several new ones were formed. In April, 1818, each county was constituted a sep- arate district. The office was made elective by the Constitution of 1846.
The first person to hold this office in Livingston county was George Hosmer, who was appointed February 26, 1821. He was succeeded by Orlan- clo Hastings, January 27, 1824 ; George Hosmer, May 29, 1824; Calvin H. Bryan, January 20, 1836; Augustus A. Bennett, May 30, 1836; George Hast- ings, May 27, 1839 ; Amos A. Hendee, June, 1847 ; William H. Kelsey, 1850 ;t James Wood, Jr., 1853 ;t Amos .\. Hendee, 1856 ;t Gershom Bulk- ley, 1859;t George J. Davis, 1862 ;tį James B. Adams, 1866 ;f$ Edwin A. Nash, 1869 ;t Daniel
* Jolm H. Jones, of Moscow, held the office of First Judge in Genesee county, which then embraced the western part of this county, from June 10, 1812, to May 9, 1821.
1 Elected in November.
֏ Resigned.
§ Appointed January, 1865, vice Davis, resigned ; elected November, 1866.
W. Noyes, 1875 ;* t Charles J. Bissell, August 30, 1878;# John R. Strang, 1878,t the present incumbent.
Sheriffs .- Under the first Constitution (1777- 1821) Sheriffs were appointed annually by the Coun- cil of Appointment, and no person could hold the office for more than four successive years. The Sheriff could not hold any other office, and must be a free-holder in the county to which he was ap- pointed. Under the second Constitution (1821 to 1846) Sheriffs were elected for a term of three years, but were ineligible to election the next suc- ceeding year. These provisions are operative at the present time.
The Sheriff was once an officer held in great re- spect. He arranged all the ceremonials of the court, and formally announced to the Judges the particular hour the court-room was in order for their reception. He was equipped with side arms, and kept his sword unsheathed on the desk in front of his seat. He, with his deputies, formally inducted the Judges from their lodgings to the court-room; the jurors closed the procession. Ife opened the court with solemn proclamation. In every respect the office of Sheriff was once of more import in the public estimation than now.s
The first Sheriff in Livingston county was Gid- con T. Jenkins, who was appointed February 26, 1821. His successors have been :- William Car- nahan, 1822 ; Martin Nash, 1825; Russell Austin, 1828; Augustus Gibbs, 1831 ; Josiah Wendell, 1834; Wm. W. Weed, 1837 ; James Brewer, 1840; Wm. H. Scott, 1843; William Scott, 1846; Har- vey llill, 1849 ; Norman Chapel, appointed De- cember 15, 1851, vice Hill, deceased; William Scott, 1852; Hugh McCartney, 1855; John N. Hurlburt, 1858; Wm. B. Lemen, 1861; Thomas C. Chase, 1864; George Hyland, Jr., 1867 ; Henry L. Arnold, 1870; Elijah Youngs, 1873; Wm. B. Wooster, 1876; Martin F. Linsley, 1879. ||
County Clerks .- County Clerks, in addition to keeping the county records, were required by the Act of February 12, 1796, to act as clerk of the Inferior Court of Common Pleas, and of the Oyer and Terminer. At present they are clerks of the Supreme Court in their respective counties, and their seals are declared to be the seals of the court. Their term of office, like that under the second constitution, is three years.
· Resigned.
t Elected in November.
# Appointed vice Noyes, resigned.
§ Clark's History of Chenango County.
II .All except Gideon T. Jenkins and Norman Chapel were elected in No- vember.
133
LIVINGSTON COUNTY CIVIL, LIST.
Livingston county furnished one County Clerk for Ontario county while connected with it, in the person of Hugh MeNair, who was appointed March 17, 1815, and was succeeded July 3, 1819, by John Van Fossen. James Ganson, who was appointed February 26, 1821, was the first person to hold that office in Livingston county. His successors, all of whom were elected in November, have been Syl- vester Brown, 1822 ; Levi Hovey, 1825 ; Chauncey R. Bond, 1828 ; Elias Clark, 1834; Wm. H. Stan- ley, 1837 : Samuel P. Allen, 1840 ; Wm. H. Whit- ing, 1843 ; Israel D. Root, 1849 ; James S. Orton, 1852 ; Charles Root, 1855 ; Harvey G. Baker, 1861; Augustus A. Curtiss, 1867; Nathaniel A. Gear- hart, 1871 ; Hurlburt E. Brown, 1874; Jerome B. Patterson, 1877 ; Mark J. Bunnell, 1880.
County Treasurers .- County Treasurers are elected under the Constitution of 1846, for a term of three years. They were formerly appointed by the Boards of Supervisors in the several counties. Chauncey Metcalf was the first person elected to the office in Livingston county under the new re- gime-in 1848. He has been succeeded by : John White, Jr., 1851 ; Chauncey R. Bond, 1856 ; James T. Norton, 1860; Chauncey Metcalf. 1863 ; Theo- dore F. Olmsted, 1871 ; John Shepard, 1874; and Wm. A. Brodie, the present incumbent, in 1877. All were elected in November.
County Superintendents of Common Schools .- April 17, 1843, the Boards of Supervisors were di- reeted to appoint Superintendents of Common Schools ; and Ira Patchin and Russell F. Hicks were accordingly so appointed in Livingston coun- ty. The office was abolished March 13, 1847.
School Commissioners .- Prior to 1857, School Commissioners were appointed by the Boards of ervisors. In 1856 the office was made elective ; Id the first election under that act was held No- v(ber, 1859. The office has been held in Living- ston county by the following named persons :- Chauncey Loomis, Levi P. Grover, Franklin B. . r.ncis, S. Arnold Tozer, Franklin B. Francis, Join W. Byam, Lewis C. Partridge, Foster W. W.lker, in the First District ; and Horace L. James Harvey Farley, Isaac C. Lusk, Thomas J. Thorp, Robert W. Green and Ezra N. Curtice, in the Second District. Foster W. Walker of Caledonia, and Ezra N. Curtice of Springwater, are the present incumbents.
Presidential Electors .- The Federal Constitu- t'on provides that the President and Vice-Presi- lent of the United States shall be chosen by Elec- tors appointed in such manner as the Legislatures
of the respective States shall direct, the number to be equal to their number of Senators and Repre- sentatives in Congress. In this State the Electors were originally appointed by the Legislature, pursu- ant to an Act passed April 12, 1792. March 15, 1825, the Legislature submitted to the people the question of choosing electors by districts, or on agen- eral ticket, and it was decided by a small majority in favor of the former. The system thus adopted, however, was in vogue at one election only ; for April 15, 1829, the Legislature adopted the gen- eral ticket system now in use. The Electors must be appointed within thirty-four days before the first Wednesday of December, in every fourth year ; and in this State, as, indeed, in all the States, they are now chosen on the Tuesday after the first Mon- day of November. In making up the general ticket, one person is selected from each Congressional Distriet, and two to represent the State at large. The Electoral College is required to meet at the State capitol on the first Wednesday of December, cast their votes for President and Vice President, make a certified list thereof, and forward it under seal to the President of the United States Senate, who opens and announces the result in the pres- ence of the two houses of Congress.
Livingston county has been represented in the Electoral College as follows :-
Daniel H. Bissell, 1836 ; John Wheeler, 1840; Benjamin F. Harwood, 1848; Isaac L. Endress and James S. Wadsworth, (the latter one of the Elec- tors at large,) 1856; James S. Wadsworth, 1860 ; Kidder M. Scott, 1872. Daniel H. Bissell was the Messenger to Washington from the Electoral Col- lege of this State in 1836; and Isaac L. Endress, Secretary of the College in 1856.
Representatives in Congress .- Livingston county has undergone various changes in its Congressional associations. On its formation, in 1821, in con- junetion with Allegany. Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie, Genesee, Monroe, Niagara and Ontario coun- ties, it formed the Twenty-first District, which was entitled to two members. Under the Act of April 17, 1822, it was united with Monroe in forming the Twenty-seventh District ; under that of June 29, 1832. this and Allegany county formed the Thir- tieth District; under that of Sept. 6, 1842, it was associated with Ontario county, and formed the Twenty-ninth District ; under that of July 19, 1851, in conjunction with Steuben county, it formed the Twenty-eighth District ; under that of April 23, 1862, it was united with Ontario and Yates in forming the Twenty-fifth District ; and under that
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