USA > New York > Lewis County > Gazetteer and business directory of Lewis county, N.Y., for 1872-73 > Part 6
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Ana -- igument of a lease within the mean- lug and intent of Schedule B, is an assign- ment of the leasehold, or of some portion thread, by the lesser, or by some person dluming by, from, or under him ; such an a .. . mivut as subrogates the assignee to the right+, or some portion of the rights, of the Reste, of of the person standing in his place. A tran-fer by the lessor of his part of a lesse. neither giving nor purporting to give a claim to the leasehold, or to any part thereof, but simply a right to the rents, &c .. is subject to stamp tax as a contract or agreement ouly.
The stamp tax upon a fire insurance policy is based upon the premium.
Deposit notes taken by a mutual fire in- Entrance company, not as payment of pre- mium nor as evidence of indebtednese therefor, but to be used simply as a basis | a stamp duty of five couts.
ยก upon which to make rateable assessments to meet the losses incurred by the company, should not be reckoned as premium in de- termining the amount of stamp taxes upon the policies.
When a policy of insurance properly stamped has been issued and lost, no stamp is necessary upon another issued by the same company to the same party, covering the same property, time. &c., and designed simply to supply the loss. The second policy should recite the loss of the first.
An instrument which operates as the re- newal of a policy of insurance, is subject to the same stamp tax as the policy.
When a policy of insurance is issued for a certain time, whether it be for one year only or for a term of years, a receipt for premium, or any other instrument which has the legal effect to continue the contract and extend its operation beyond that time, re- quires the same amount of revenue stamps as the policy itself; but such a receipt as is usually given for the payment of the monthly, quarterly. or annual premium, is not a renewal within the meaning of the statute. The payment simply prevents the policy from expiring, by reason of non-per- formance of its conditions ; a receipt given for such a payment requires no stamp. When, however, the time of payment has passed, and a tender of the premium is not sufficient to bind the company, but a new policy or a new contract in some form, with the mutuality essential to every contract, becomes necessary between the insurer and the insured, the same amount of stamps should be used as that required upon the original policy.
A permit issued by a life insurance com- pany changing the terms of a policy as to travel, residence, occupation, &c., should be stamped as a contract or agreement.
A bill single or a bill obligatory, i. e., an instrument in the form of a promissory note, under seal, is subject to stamp duty as written or printed evidence of an amount of money to be paid on demand or at & time designated, at the rate of five cents part thereof.
A waiver of protest, or of demand and notice, written npon negotiable paper and signed by the indorser, is an agreement, and requires a five-cent stamp.
A stamp duty of twenty-five cents is im- posed upon the "protest of every note, bill of exchange, check or draft," and upon every marine protest. If several notes, bills of exchange, drafts, &c., are protest- ed at the same time and all attached to one and the same certificate, stamps should be affixed to the amount of twenty-five cents for each note, bill, draft, &c., thus protest- ed.
When, as is generally the case, the cap- tion to a deposition contains other certif- cates in addition to the jurat to the affida- vit of the deponent, such as a certificate that the parties were or were not notified, that they did or did not appear, that they did or did not object, &c., it is subject to
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STAMP DUTIES.
When an attested copy ofa writ or other process is used by a sheriff or other person in making personal service, or in attaching property, a five-cent stamp should be affix- ed to the certificate of attestation.
A marriage certificate issued by the offi- ciating clergyman or magistrate, to be re- turned to any officer of a State, county, city, town, or other municipal corporation, to constitute part of a public record, requires no stamp; but if it is to be retained by the parties, a five-cent stamp should be af- fixed.
The stamp tax upon a bill of sale, by which any ship or vessel, or any part there- of, is conveyed to or vested in any other person or persons, is at the same rate as that imposed upon conveyances of realty sold ; & bill of sale of any other personal property should be stamped as a contract or agreement.
An assignment of real or personal prop- erty, or of both, for the benefit of creditors, should be stamped as an agreement or con- tract.
Written or printed assignments ofagree- ments, bords, notes not negotiable, and of all other instruments the assignments of which are not particularly specified in the foregoing schedule, should be stamped as agreements.
No stamp is necessary upon the registry of a judgment, even though the registry is such in its legal effect as to create a lieu which operates as a mortgage upon the property of the judgment debtor.
When a "power of attorney or proxy for voting at any election for officers of any incorporated company or society, except religions, charitable, or literary societies, or public cemeteries," is signed by sever- al stockholders, owning separate and dis- tinct shares, it is, in its legal effect, the separate instrument of each, and requires stamps to the amount of ten cents for each and every signature; one or more stamps may be used representing the whole amount required.
A notice from landlord to tenant to quit possession of premises requires no stamp.
A stamp tax is imposed upon every "manifest for custom-house entry or clear ance of the cargo of any ship, vessel, or steamer for a foreign port." The amount of this tax in each case depends upon the registered tonnage of the vessel.
If a vessel clears in ballast and has no cargo whatever, no stamp is necessary ; but if she has any, however small the amount -& stamp should be used.
A bond to convey real estate requires stamps to the amount of twenty-five cents.
The stamp duty upon the probate of a will, or upon letters of administration, is based upon the sworn or declared value of all the estate and effects, real, personal, and mixed, undiminished by the debts of the estate for or in respect of which such probate or letters are applied for.
When the property belonging to the es- tate of a person deceased, lies under dif- ferent jurisdictions and it becomes neces- sary to take out letters in two or more places. the letters should be stamped ac- cording to the value of all the property, real, personal, and mixed, for or in respect of which the particular letters in each case are issued.
Letters de bonis non should be stamped according to the amount of property re- maining to be administered upon thereun- der, regardless of the stamps upon the orig- inal letters.
A mere copy of an instrument is not sub- ject to stamp duty unless it is a certified one, in which case a five-cent stamp should be affixed to the certificate of the person attesting it: but when the instrument is executed and issued in duplicate. triplicate, &c., as in the case of a lease of two or more parts, each part has the same legal effect as the other, and each should be stamped as an original.
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POSTAL RATES AND REGULATIONS.
POSTAL RATES AND REGULATIONS.
LETTERS .- The law requires postage on all letters (including those to foreign coun- tries when prepaid), excepting those writ- ten to the President or Vice President, or members of Congress, or (on official busi- ness) to the chiefs of the executive depart- ments of the Government, and the heads of bureaux and chief clerks, and others invest- ed with the franking privilege, to be pre- paid by stamps or stamped envelopes, pre- payment in money being prohibited.
All drop-letters must be prepaid. The rate of postage on drop-letters, at offices where free delivery by carrier is establish- ed, is two cents per half ounce or fraction of a half ounce ; at offices where such free delivery is NOT established the rate is one cent.
The single rate of postage on all domes- tic mail letters throughout the United States, is three cents per half ounce, with an additional rate of three cents for each additional half ounce or fraction of a half ounce. The ten cent (Pacific) rate is abol- ished.
NEWSPAPERS, ETC .- Letter postage is to be charged on all handbills, circulars, or other printed matter which shall coutain any manuscript writing whatever.
Daguerreotypes, when sent in the mail, are to be charged with letter postage by weight.
Photographs on cards, paper, and other flexible material, (not in cases), can be sent at the same rate as miscellaneous printed matter, viz., two cents for each four ounces or fraction thereof.
Photograph Albums are chargeable with book postage-four cents for each four onuces or fraction thereof.
NEWSPAPER POSTAGE .- Postage on daily papers to subscribers when prepaid quar- terly or yearly in advance, either at the mailing office or office of delivery, per quarter (three months), 35 cts. ; six tinnes per week, per quarter 30 cts. ; for tri-week- ly, per quarter 15 cts. ; for semi-weekly, per quarter 10 cts. ; for weekly, per quarter 5 cents.
Weekly newspapers (one copy only) sent by the publisher to actual subscribers with- in the county where printed and published, FREE.
Postage per quarter (to be paid quarterly or yearly in advance) on newspapers and periodicals issued less frequently than once a week, sent to actual subscribers in any part of the United States : Semi-monthly, not over 4 oz., 6 cts. ; over 4 oz. and not over 8 oz., 12 cts. ; over 8 oz. and not over 12 oz., 18 cts. ; monthly, not over 4 oz., 3 cts ; over 4 oz. and not over 8 oz., 6 cts. ; over 8 oz. and not over 12 oz., 9 cts .; quarterly, not over 4 oz., 1 cent; over 4 oz. and not over 8 oz., 2 cts. ; over 8 oz. and not over 12 oz., 3 cts.
'TRANSIENT MATTER .-- Booke not over 4 oz. in weight, to one address, 4 cts. ; over 4 oz. and not over 8 oz., S cts. ; over S oz. and not over 12 oz., 12 cts. ; over 12 oz. and not over 16 oz., 16 cts.
Circulars not exceeding three in number to one address, 2 cts. ; over 3 and not over 6, 4 cts. ; over 6 and not over 9, 6 cts. ; over 9 and not exceeding 12, 8 cts.
On miscellaneous mailable matter, (em- bracing all pamphlets, occasional publica- tions, transient newspapers, hand-bills and posters, book manuscriptsand proof-sheets, whether corrected or not, maps, prints, en- gravinge, sheet music, blanks, flexible pat- terne, samples, and sample cards, phono- graphic paper, letter envelopes, postal en- velopes or wrappers, cards, paper, plain or ornamental, photographic representations of different types, seeds, cuttings, bulbs, roots and ecions, ) the postage to be pre-paid by stamps, is on one package, to one ad- dress, not over 4 oz. in weight, 2 cts. ; over 4 oz. and not over 8 oz., 4 cts. : over Soz. and not over 12 oz., 6 cts. ; over 12 oz. and not over 16 oz., S cts. The weight of pack- ages of seeds, cuttings, roots and scions, to be franked, is limited to thirty-two ounces.
Any word or communication, whether by printing, writing, marks or signe, upon the cover or wrapper of a newspaper, pamphlet, magazine, or other printed matter, other than the name or address of the person to whom it is to be rent, and the date when the subscription expires, subjects the pack- age to letter postage.
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RULES FOR DETECTING COUNTERFEIT BANK NOTES.
Infallible Rules for Detecting Counterfeit or Spurious Bank Notes.
RULE 1st .- Examine the shading of the | fine letters. Counterfeits never bear the letters in title of Bauk called LATHEWORK, imprint perfect. This rnle should be strict- ly observed, as it is infallible in detecting counterfeits. which in gentine notes presents an even, straight, light and silky appearance, gen- erally so fine and smooth as to appear to be all in one solid, pale body. In the counter- feit the lines are coarse and irregular, and in many of the longer lines breaks will be perceived, thus presenting a very inferior finish in comparison to genuine work.
2d .- Observe the dies, circles and ovals in the genuine; they are composed of a network of lines, which, by crossing each other at certain angles, produce an endless variety of figures ; SEE THE ONE CENT STAMP ATTACHED. The fine line alone is the unit which enables you to detect spurious work. In the counterfeit, the REPRESENTED whitelines are coarse, irregular, and cross each other in a confused, irregular manner, thus producing blurred and imperfect figures.
3d -Examine the form and features of all human figures on the note. In the gen- uine, the texture of the skin is represented by fine dots and lines intermixed. In the eyes, the pupil is distinctly visible, and the white clearly seen ; the nose, mouth and chin, well formed, natural and expressive; the lips are slightly pouting, and the chin well thrown out; and the delicate shading of the neck perfectly harmonizes with the rest of the figure. Observe the fingers and toes ; they should be clearly and accurately defined. The hair of the head should show the fine strands and present a natural ap- pcarance. The folds of the drapery of liu- man figures should lay natural and present a fine, finished appearance. In the counter- feit the female figure does not bear the natural prominence in outlines ; observe, the eyes and shading surrounding does not present the lifelike appearance it should. The fingers and toes are not properly and proportionately defined : the hair does not bear that soft and finished appearance as in the genuine.
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4th .- Examine the imprint or engraver's names in the evenness and shape of the !
5th .- In the genuine note the landscapes are well finished ; trees and shrubs are neatly drawn ; the liniby well proportioned, and the foliage presenting a fine natural appearance ; clear sky is formed of fine parallel lines, and when clouds or heavy skies appear, they cross each other, and bear a soft, smooth and natural appear- ance. The perspective, showing a view of the surrounding country, is always clear and distinct. The small figures in the background are always plainly seen, and their outlines and general character re- cognized. Ships are well defined and the canvass has a clear texture ; railroad cars are very accurately delineated ; in examin- ing a train observe carefully the car most distant. In the counterfeit the landscape is usually poorly executed ; the leaves of trees poorly and unnaturally defined .- The lines representing still water are scratchy rather than parallel, the sky is represented generally in like manner, and where rolling clouds are to be seen, the unnatural effect is obvious. Domestic animals are generally poorly executed, particularly the head and limbs ; the eyes are seldom clearly defined. Ships are poorly drawn, the texture of the canvass coarse and inferior in style of workman- ship, thus giving an artificial appearance. Railroad cars are also poorly executed ; the car farthest from the eye is usually the miost imperfect. The perspective is always imperfect, the figures in the background can seldom be recognized.
6th .- Bills altered from a smaller to a higher denomination, can readily be de- tected by a close observer, in consequence of the striking difference between the parts which have been extracted and the rest of the note. This difference is readily per- ceived in the lack of color, body and finish of the dye; we have seen bills where the surrounding shading in altered dies was
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HOW TO SUCCEED IN BUSINESS.
too dark, but from the back or finish of the [ tected by observing first the state, second white lines you have a sure test. Again the title or name of the bank, third the town or location. . observe particularly the words " Five " or " Ten Dollars " as the case may be, denot- GENERAL REMARKS IN REFERENCE TO COUNTERFEITS .- The paper on which they are printed is generally of a very inferior quality, with less body, finish and tough- ness than bank note paper has. The ink generally lacks the rich luster of the gen- uine; the red letters and figures are gen- erally imperfect, and the ink does not pre- sent the vermillion hue as it should. The printing is generally inferior, usually ex- hibiting specks of white in the most promi- nent letters. The date and filling up, and the President's and Cashier's names are generally written by the same person, although in many instances they. present a different appearance. There are bills in circulation bearing either genuine dies or vignettes ; but upon close examination you will be enabled to detect any spurious bill, whether counterfeit or altered, by the instructions here given, if persevered in for a short time. We beg to suggest, it time will admit, the learner should examine minutely every bill he receives. A pow- erful pocket magnifying glass, which can be purchased for from fifty cents to one dol- lar at any of the opticians, will greatly en- able you to see and comprehend the differ- ing the denomination of the note; the parallel outlines and shading (if any) are coarse and imperfect. Alterations are fre- quently made by pasting a greater denomi- nation over a smaller, but by holding the bill up to the light, the fraud will be per- ceived. Another method resorted to is to cnt out the figures in the dies as well as the words one dollar, or the words two or three as the case may be, and with a sharp eraser, scrape down the ends and also the edges of the pieces to be inserted; when the pieces thus prepared are affixed they are hardly perceivable; but by passing the note through the hand, so as to feel the die both with the finger and thumb at the same time, the frand will be de- tected by the stiffness of the outer edges, "occasioned by the gum or method adopted" in affixing the parts. The letter S should always be examined, as in many alterations it is pasted or stamped at the end of the word " dollar ;" and even when stamped there, the carrying out of the out- lines for its shading will readily show the fraud. Bills of broken banks are frequent- ly altered by extracting the name of bank, state and town; they may readily be de- I ence between genuine and spurious work.
HOW TO SUCCEED IN BUSINESS.
What will my readers give to know how to get rich ? Now, I will not vouch that the following rules will enable every per- son who may read them to acquire wealth ; but this I will answer for, that if ever # man does grow rich by honest means, and retains his wealth for any length of time, he must practice upon the principles laid down in the following esmuy. The re- marks are not original with me, but I strongly commend them to the attention of every young man, at least as affording the true secret of success in attaining wealth. A single perusal of such an essay at an impressible moment, has sometimes a very wonderful effect upon the disposi- tion and character.
Fortune, they say, is a fickle dame-full of her freaks and caprices; who blindly distributes her favors without the slightest discrimination. So inconstant, so waver- ing is she represented, that her mnost faith- ful votaries can place no reliance on her promises. Disappointment, they tell us, is the lot of those who make offerings at
her shrine. Now, all this is a vile elander upon the dear blind lady.
Although wealth often appears the result of mere accident, or a fortunate concur- rence of favorable circumstances without any exertion of skill or foresight, yet any man of sound health and unimpaired mind may become wealthy, if he takes the prop- er steps.
Foremost in the list of requisites are honesty and strict integrity in every trans- action of life. Let a man have the reputa- tion of being fair and upright in his deal- ings, and he will possess the confidence of all who know him. Without these qualities every other merit will prove unavailing. Ask concerning & man. " Is he active and capable ?" Yes. "Industrions, temper- ate and regular in his habits ?"-Oh yes. "IF he honest? Is he trustworthy ?" Why, as to that, I am sorry to say that he is not to be trusted ; he needs watching ; he is a little tricky, and will take an uudne advantage, If he can. "Then I will have nothing to do with him," will be the in-
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HOW TO SUCCEED IN BUSINESS.
variable reply. Why, then, is honesty the | Argus beforehand, and the hundred hands best policy ? Because, without it, you will of Briarius afterwards. get a bad name, and everybody will shun you.
A character for knavery will prove an in- surmountable obstacle to success in al- most every undertaking. It will be found that the straight line is, in business, as in geometry, the shortest. In a word, it is almost impossible for a dishonest man to acquire wealth by a regular process of bus- iness, because he is shunned as a depreda- tor upon society.
Needy men are apt to deviate from the rule of integrity, under the plea that ne- cessity knows no law ; they might as well add that it knows no shame. The course is suicidal, and by destroying all confidence, ever keeps them immured in poverty, although they may possess every other quality for success in the world.
Punctuality, which is said to be the soul of business, is another important element in the art of money getting. The man known to be scrupulously exact in the ful- fillment of his engagements, gains the confidence of all, and . may command all the means he can use with advantage ; whereas, a man careless and regardless of his promises in money matters will have every purse closed against him. Therefore be prompt in your payments,
Next, let us consider the advantages of a cautious circumspection in our inter- course with the world. Slowness of be- lief and a proper distrust are essential to success. The credulous and contiding are ever the dupes of knaves and impostors. Ask those who have lost their property how it happened, and you will find in most cases that it has been owing to mis- placed confidence. One has lost by en- dorsing, another by crediting, another by false represeiftations; all of which a little more foresight and a little more dis- trust would have prevented. In the af- fairs of this world men are not saved by faith, but by the want of it.
Judge of men by what they do, not by what they say. Believe in looks rather than words. Observe all their movements. Ascertain their motives and their ends. Notice what they say or do in their un- guarded momente, when under the influ- ence of excitement. The passions have The acquisition of wealth demands as much self-denial, and as many sacrifices of present gratification, as the practice of virtue Itself. Vice and poverty proceed, in some degree. from the Fame sources, namely-the disposition to sacrifice the future to the present ; the inability to fore- go s small present pleasure for great future advantages. Men fail of fortune in this world, as they fall of happiness in the world to come, simply because they are un- willing to deny themselves momentary en- Joyments for the sake of permanent future been compared to tortures which force men to reveal their secrets. Before trusting s man, before putting it in bis power to cause you a loss, possess yourself' of every available information relative to him. Learn bis history, his habits, inclinations and propensities ; his reputation for honor, industry, frugality and punctuality; his prospecte, resources, supports, advantages and disadvantages : his lutentions and mo- tives of action; who are me friends and enemies, and what are hls good or bad qual- ities. Youmay learn a man'sgood qualities and advantages from his friend -- his bad Every lare city is filled with persons, who, in order to support the appearance of Wealth, constantly live beyond their in- come, and make up the deficiency by contracting debts which are never paid. qualities and disadvantages from his one- mies. Make due allowance for exaggeration in both. Finally, examine carefully before engaging in anything, and act with energy afterwards. Have the hundred eyes of | Others, there are, the mere drones of so-
Order and system in the management of business must not be neglected. Nothing contributes more to dispatch. Have a place for everything and everything in its place ; a time for everything, and every- thing in its time. Do first what presses most, and having determined what is to be done, and how it is to be done, lose no time in doing it. Withont this method all is hurry and confusion, little or nothing is accomplished, and business is attended to with neither pleasure nor profit.
A polite, affable deportment is recom- mended. Agreeable manners contribnte powerfully to a man's success. Take two Inen, possessing equal advantages in every other respect, but let one be gentlemanly, kind, obliging and conciliating in his man- ners ; the other harsh, rude and disobliging; and the one will become rich, while the other will starve.
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