USA > New York > Livingston County > History of Livingston County, New York, from its earliest traditions to the present together with early town sketches > Part 83
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A glimpse of the lumbering in Portage in the days when there were many pine trees from 150 to 300 feet high is of interest. Some of the trees were from seven to nine feet in diameter near the base, and it was estimated that some of the pine lands would make 75,000 feet of lumber an acre. There were slides down the 200 or 300 feet slope to the river, over which the logs darted, and then were floated to Port- ageville. From there the lumber had to be hauled several miles to below the falls, and thence was rafted to Rochester, where it sold for from seven to ten dollars a thousand. After the canal was completed it had a better market, but the supply had greatly decreased.
The year 1902 was the semi-centennial of the completion and open- ing of the railroad from Hornellsville to Attica. The B. & N. Y. C. R. R. was opened from Hornellsville to Portage on January first 1852, and on August 25th of that year the crossing of the wooden railroad bridge spanning the Genesee for the first time was celebrated by a great barbecue, when, it was estimated, 25,000 people were present and crossed the bridge. The present iron bridge was completed the same year that the other was destroyed by fire, being opened for traffic
865
HISTORY OF LIVINGSTON COUNTY
July 31, 1875. The railroad extension referred to was the "birth of Hunts, " where a station was then established.
The first church in Portage was organized in January, 1820, and was Presbyterian. It became at once a part of the Presbytery of Ontario, but in February, 1829, was transferred to the Presbytery of Angelica. It was located at Hunt's Hollow, and its first minister was Rev. Mr. Lindsley. In 1825 the membership numbered eighty-three, and in 1832 it was 111. Rev. Phineas Smith succeeded Mr. Lindsley as pastor in 1829, and Mr. Smith was succeeded the next year by Rev. Abel Caldwell, who remained six years. Some of the elders in those years were Erastus Norton, Silas Olmstead, J. B. Hewitt, Edwin S. Olm- stead, Joseph C. Burton, Arad French and Delos C. Wells. The church was consolidated with a Presbyterian church at Oakland in 1848. Here a church building was erected by the society in 1850. It was destroyed by fire in 1871, when the members scattered to other churches, the most of them uniting with the Nunda Presbyterian church. As the first settlers of Portage were from New England they included more adherents of the Presbyterian church than all the others combined.
St. Mark's (Episcopal) church was organzied at Hunt's Hollow in 1826. The first wardens were Sanford Hunt and Walter Bennett, and the first vestrymen were Joseph Bennett, Miner Cobb, Thomas T. Bennett, Henry Bagley, Roswell Bennett, Samuel R. Hunt, Greenleaf Clark and Lewis Peet. The society erected a church build- ing in 1828, and it was dedicated by Bishop John Henry Hobart. The first rector was Rev. Richard Salmon, who remained about two years, and was succeeded by Rev. George Bridgeman, and the latter, after a few months, by Rev. Thomas Meecham, who was rector four years.
In 1819, while Portage was a part of Nunda, Elder Samuel Messen- ger and eleven others met near Hunt's Hollow and organized the Nunda Baptist church. The names of the eleven were Russell Messenger, Aaron Thompson, Jr., Elijah Bennett, Jacob Devoe, Wm. Greening, Susannah Greening, Huldah Root, Rhoda Ann Bennett and Sally Thompson. The inconvenience of meeting places for services led to a division in 1828, when the Portage Baptist church was organ- ized with eighteen members. The new society did not own a church building until 1848, when it purchased one of the Presbyterian church. In 1829 representatives of this and several other Baptist churches met
866
HISTORY OF LIVINGSTON COUNTY
with the Portage and Castile church and formed an association. This was soon after the abduction of William Morgan, and the delegates resolved that "this association shall be composed of such Baptist churches only as have no fellowship Masonry." Elder Samuel Messenger acted as pastor of the society at first. Then Gilead Dodge, a licentiate at Mt. Morris, held services for it on alternate Sundays, and he was followed by Silas Morse.
When the civil war began in 1861 thirty-six men of the town of Por- tage quickly volunteered, and entered the army. In 1862 the town furnished forty-five more volunteers, nineteen more in 1863, and in all during the war 152. Their faithfulness and bravery obtained for them a historical record which is an honor both to themselves and their town. The total amount paid by Portage in bounties during the four years of the war was $47,250, and the private contributions of its people swelled this amount to $48,500.
On account of the destruction by fire of the town records in 1868 complete lists of town officers previous to that date are not obtainable, and the following list of supervisors is not complete, even from the time the town was annexed to Livingston county :
James H. Rawson.
1846-49-50-51
Merriman J. Wilmer IS72-73
Horace Hunt ..
1847-54
Jolın Fitcli.
I874-75-76-77-78
W'in. Houghton.
1848
Jolin M. Griffith 1879-80-81
John G. White
1852
J. J. Williams .. IS82
James S. Lyon ..
1853-55-64-65-66-68
C. F. Bennett .. 1883-84
Thomas T. Lake
1856
O. L. Crosier 1885
1886
Joel C. Bennett
1862-63
J. O. Willet.
1887-88-89-90
Jolın A. Lyon
1866
H. E. Lyon 1891
Charles H. Randall
1867
E. A. Nash .. IS92-93-94-95-96
Benj. F. Kneeland
1869-71
Charles D. Bennett.
1870
Assessed vaulations and tax rates have been as follows :
Assessed Valuation
Tax Rate on $1000
Assessed Valuation
Tax Rate on $1000
Assessed Valuation
Tax Rate on $1000
1860
374,161
7.41
I875
730,371
7.21
IS90
731,364
7.46
1861
363,964
14.32
I876
689,680
5.22
1891
691,655
5.66
IS62
371,518
13.30
1877
674,259
7.83
1892
689,233
8.24
1863
365,439
13.48
1878
642,871
4.98
1893
701,124
1864
396,449
17.80
I879
662,899
6.75
1894
752,464
6.15
IS65
423,605
50.20
ISSO
b82,929
6.54
1895
725,724
7.87
1866
380,087
20.60
188
667,898
4.77
1896
715,908
6.91
1867
376,35I
20.85
ISS2
565,233
749,950
5.60
1898
734,625
7.41
1869
373,240
10.19
1884
753,193
5.26
1899
728,315
8.61
1870
377,491
13.15
1885
771,943
5.40
1900
724,098
7.85
1871
370,397
13.15
ISS6
766,41I
6.35
1901
718,769
6.62
1872
367,371
20. 13
1887
759,917
6.05
1902
717,280
6.27
1873
360,4II
13.18
I888
758,628
5.57
1903
717,912
8.62
1874
746,616
5.72
1889
751,621
9.5.1
1897
741,340
8.65
1868
375,643
16.09
1883
James M. Parker ... 1897-98-99-00-01-02-03
Ammon Smith ..
IS57-58-59-60-61
A. J. Burroughs
SPRINGWATER.
Springwater, once a part of Middletown, Ontario county, was formed in April, 1816, from Naples and Sparta, then both a part of Ontario county. It is located in the southeastern corner of Livingston county, being bounded north by Conesus and Canadice (Ontario coun- ty), east by Naples (Ontario county), south by Wayland and Cohocton (both in Steuben county) and west by Sparta. The eastern part ex- tends six miles beyond the general east line of the county. It is the largest town in Livingston county, with an area of 32,562 acres, and its population in 1900 was 2,016.
Apart from Springwater Valley, which is five miles long, of varying width, and ends on the north at Hemlock lake, the town is mostly hills, but the farms are generally fertile, and the soil being a sandy and gravelly loam intermixed and interspersed with a good deal of clay, is better adapted, on the whole, to grazing than grain growing.
The principal stream is Hemlock lake inlet which flows northward through the valley and a marsh at the end of the lake. Cohocton river rises in the northeastern part, and flows southward into Steuben county.
Springwater village is in Springwater valley-an enterprising and prosperous place, which had a population of 500 in 1900. It is the chief business center of the town-a good trading point, with several stores, and manufactories, an enterprising newspaper called "Enterprise," and the Erie railroad near by for transportation. Webster's Crossing is a hamlet and Erie railroad station in the northwestern part of the town.
D. B. Waite of Springwater is authority for the statement that the first settlement of the town was at Hunt's Hollow, in its northeast corner, and the first settler was Jonas Belknap, a soldier of the Revo- lution from Massachusetts. His cabin was built in Richmond, Ontario county, in 1795, but his land claim extended into present Springwater, and he was the first to make improvements in the town. About a year afterward Andrew Hunt extended his land claim into Springwater, and set out an orchard on the extension. The next year James and John Garlinghouse put up a cabin near by, and became the
S68
HISTORY OF LIVINGSTON COUNTY
first actual residents of the town, and there Mary Garlinghouse, the first white child born in Springwater, saw the light in June, 1797. These settlements were on the extreme edge of the town, and be- fore Mr. Waite published his information about them the first settler was supposed to be Seth Knowles, a native of Connecticut, who estab- lished himself on the east side of Springwater valley, a mile above the lake, in 1807, building there a log house.
Doty's history says: "The next settler was Samuel Hines, who located here in 1808. He built a saw mill the following year, three miles above the lake, which subsequently became the property of Far- num and Tyler. Hugh Wilson, who came from Northumberland, Pa., built the pioneer grist mill in 1813, at the foot of the hill where the road from Scottsburg enters the valley. It was a frame building about twenty-two by thirty, two stories high, and had two run of stones. Elder John Wiley, who settled in Springwater on the 14th of March, 1815, found thirty families in the town. He crossed Hemlock lake on the ice, returning from the war then just closed. *
* The hamlet of Springwater then contained one frame dwelling house, built by Samuel Story on the premises subsequently owned by Harvey S. Tyler, a frame barn built by Mr. Watkins, of Naples, and a little frame seven-by-nine store erected by Hosea H. Grover, who kept the first store, built the first ashery and made the first barrel of potash. There were also three frame sawmills and a frame gristmill, besides four or five log houses. There was then but one schoolhouse in the town, a small log structure."
The first distillery was built by Alvah Southworth. It was a frame building, and its still made about twenty gallons of whiskey a day. The first wool carding and cloth dressing machine was put up by Edward Walker in 1831. It was a frame building twenty-two by thirty feet and two stories high.
On the site of the village of Springwater there was but one log house from the first settlement of the valley to 1824. In that year a state road laid out from Bath to Livonia, crossing another road, established a four corners, and made the spot the natural center for trade, when buildings began to appear.
Settlers who came soon after Knowles and settled near him were the Gilberts. The head of the family was Reuben, and his children numbered ten. Two brothers soon followed him, Reuben and Phineas
869
HISTORY OF LIVINGSTON COUNTY
Gilbert, and John Alger put up a saw mill in 1811, which did a good business for many years. "The Gilberts," says Orson Walbridge, "cleared many acres of pine timber, erected scores of buildings for the country round about, and for quality of work, promptness and honesty in deal they left a good name."
Others who came about that time were David Badgers, David Gelath, Jesse Hyde, Oliver Jennings, Jonathan Lawrence, John Wiley, Thomas, Andrew, Amos Spafford, David Luther, Alvin South- worth, Zadock Grover, Jared Erwin and Levi Brockway, Jr.
Samuel Story built and occupied the first frame house in town. He also built the first saw mill. Jonathan Lawrence was among the fore- most of the early settlers who sought to establish public worship. Oliver Jennings was one of the first few to build a log cabin, built the first frame barn, and kept the first hotel. The first physician was Dr. David Henry.
Martin Hopkins remembered arriving in the town with his father and Stephen Walbridge in 1819, and building a house, and the next year starting a blacksmith shop; that John Wiley also had a black- smith shop, and that David Luther was located there as a shoemaker.
Seth Knowles, the first settler of the valley, when he came from Massachusetts in 1805 stopped first in Livonia for a year and a half, and came on to his permanent home in the fall of 1806. With him came also his son Jared and his brother-in-law Peter Welch and they brought guns, axes and provisions. After they had built a log house, they returned to Livonia for the winter, and on March 31, 1807, Seth Knowles and his family went up Heinlock lake on the ice and took possession of their forest home. He cleared eight acres on the flat, and lived there till 1821, when he traded with David Jolatt for a farm on the east side of the lake, where he remained until his death. He had twelve children.
John Wiley and Hosea Grover have been mentioned as early ar- rivals. Mr. Wiley was a blacksmith, but joined the Methodist church in 1821, entered its ministry, and was a zealous preacher the rest of his active life. He had several children. Mr. Grover opened the first store of the town, and, like other of storekeepers the period in that region, had an almost exclusively barter trade. He exchanged goods for shingles, boards, maple sugar and potash, because almost no cur- rency was to be had. Boards were rated at seven dollars a thousand
S70
HISTORY OF LIVINGSTON COUNTY
feet, shingles at twenty shillings. common shirtings at fifty cents a yard, pigtail tobacco at fifty to sixty cents a pound and salt at five dollars a barrel. This was about 1814. It is probable that there were then only two or three horses in town. Produce and other things were carried on the muscular backs of the pioneers long distances. Mr. Wiley has said that his first school teacher was Harvey S. Tyler, then eighteen years of age, but James Blake had kept school before him in the log school house.
Orson Walbridge, who has written a sketch of the early history of Springwater which was published in 1887 in pamphlet form, moved to Springwater with his parents in June, 1819, from Otsego county. He attended school winters in the log school house, and worked on the farm summers. Some years later he learned carpenter and millwright work, and helped construct several buildings. Two of his jobs were a meeting house for the Christian church on the east hill and one for the Presbyterian church in the valley. He also built several mills in Springwater and Steuben county. He held town offices several years, among them those of supervisor, justice and commissioner of highways.
Edward Withington came from Massachusetts in 1813 with three sons and a daughter. He became the owner of one of the best farms in town, and made money raising Saxony sheep. His sons Samuel and Nathaniel carried on the farm a dozen years after his death in 1855, and then sold it. The daughter married Hon. Wm. Webber, who went to East Saginaw, Mich., and became one of the leading law- yers and politicians of the state.
Among later residents of prominence and influence were Jared Erwin, Amos Root, Prentis W. Shepard, Elisha T. Webster, Maurice Brown, the Dyers, Ira Whitlock, Joseph C. Whitehead, Dr. John B. Norton, Dr. Arnold Gray, John Weidman. Dr. Norton served in the war of 1812 on Long Island as first sergeant. He afterward studied medicine, commenced practice in Auburn, and moved from there to Springwater in February, 1820. Here he practiced his profession a while with Dr. Arnold Gray, and then became a farmer. Dr. Gray's coming from Washington county was in 1824. He rode over Spring- water and adjoining towns to cure and care for the sick from that time almost to the day of his death in 1879. He was a faithful, sympathetic and skillful physician, highly esteemed by the profession as well as by his neighbors and patients.
871
HISTORY OF LIVINGSTON COUNTY
The first annual meeting of the town was held in a school house in April 1817, when the following officers were elected: supervisor, Oliver Jennings; town clerk, Hugh Wilson; assessors, Jonathan Law- rence, Solomon Doud, Alexander McCuller; commissioners of high- ways, Samuel Story, Solomon Doud, Josiah Fuller; school commis- sioners, Samuel Story, Solomon Doud, John Culver; overseers of the poor, Henry Cole, Sam Story; school inspectors, John W. Barnes, Ephraim Caulkin, Thomas Grover; constable and collector, Jonathan Lawrence; pathmasters and fence viewers, John Johnson, Salmon Grover, David Marshall, Samuel Sparks, John Porter, John Wadams, Thomas Willis, Daniel .Herrick, Joab Gillett, Simeon Shed, William Fuller. The sum of $250 was appropriated for highways, and it was voted that all hogs of over fifty pounds weight should be free com- moners. The first justice of the peace, who were then appointed by the governor, were John Culver and Joab Gillett.
Alvah Southworth, the second supervisor, served ten years, and was sent to the Legislature. Through his influence a postoffice was estab- lished in 1818, and he was its postmaster thirty years.
The following statement of Elder John Wiley about early religious matters in Springwater is reported in Doty's history:
"On reaching the valley (1814) I found Elder John Cole, a Baptist minister, there. He was the first clergyman who settled in the town. Of the Methodist society, Phineas Gilbert, a native of Massachusetts, who located in Springwater in 1810, was the class leader when I reached there. The society then consisted of half a dozen persons. The Methodist circuit then embraced Bloomfield and Springwater, or Hemlock Valley, as our place was then called, and was supplied by the Rev. Elisha House, a man of superior parts, assisted by James S. Lent, a son-in-law of Lemuel Jennings, of Geneseo. The first quar- terly meeting ever held in the town was under charge of Abner Chase, presiding elder of Ontario district, in 1820 or 1821, in the barn of Jonathan Lawrence, who was then the class leader. The society met at private houses until the school house accommodated it better. There was no Presbyterian society, nor any member of that church in the town when I reached there. In a year or so, Mrs. Lucy Chamber- lain, my grandmother, who had been a member of the Presbyterian church at Dalton, Mass., for fifty-one years, came here to reside with her daughter, Mrs. Lawrence, wife of Jonathan Lawrence. The old
872
HISTORY OF LIVINGSTON COUNTY
lady took a letter from the Rev. Mr. Jenings, of Dalton, on leaving there, but told him she had learned that there was no Presbyterian congregation at Springwater, and that she would unite with the Meth- odists, which she did. The Rev. Mr. Bell, a Presbyterian missionary, preached a sermon in the house of Dr. David Henry in 1816, the first sermon preached by a Presbyterian minister in the town, I think."
Families of Springwater and Canadice of the faith known as Chris- tians held meetings a number of years in the Waite schoolhouse in Canadice. In 1830 some of them organized as the Christian Church of Canadice under the leadership of Rev. Amos Chapman. About this time meetings were also held in the Williams schoolhouse in Canadice, and in 1834, the two groups united under the name of the Christian church of the two towns of Canadice and Springwater. A church edi- fice was erected and dedicated in 1839. The building was thoroughly repaired and re-dedicated in 1872, and again improved in 1895.
Doty's history says: "The few Presbyterian families among the first settlers were occasionally visited by a minister of that denomina- tion. It was not, however, until fourteen years after the settlement of the town that a church was formed. It consisted of twelve mem- bers, and was formed on the 10th of February, 1821. The Rev. Ly- man Barrett, of Naples, preached the first sermon, and continued to supply the pulpit occasionally for the next five years. After him the Rev. James Cahoun performed similar service for about three years. The Rev. Seymour Thompson was stated supply for nearly three years. The Rev. Daniel B. Woods was ordained and installed pastor Sept. 19th, 1839, and was dismissed from his pastoral charge August 25th, 1841. The Rev. William Hunter succeeded Mr. Woods in October of the same year, and was ordained and installed Sept. 25th, 1844. He still retains his relation to the church. The house of worship was dedicated December 31, 1840." The church when organized had twelve members-AlpheusPhelps, Jonathan Dyer, Alfred Phelps, Dan- iel Ward, Nathaniel Adams, Lucinda Ford, Esther Flanders, Merey Adams, Clarissa Phelps, Nancy Brown, Melinda Gott, Mary Whalen.
Springwater was not an Indian village ground, but it was an Indian hunting ground, and the Senecas found much game at the head of the lake and along its borders. They came in companies in the fall of the year, and killed large numbers of deer. Orson Walbridge said that after he came to town (1819) he had seen as many as thirty or forty
873
HISTORY OF LIVINGSTON COUNTY
Indians there on a hunt, and they would kill so many deer that they could not take them all. and once, he remembered, they hired his father to take a load of the game, as much as a yoke of oxen could draw, as far as the top of the hill east of Scottsburg. After their reservation period for hunting ended (1823) many of them still came to the valley, and made and sold baskets there, and get very drunk, the squaws not excepted.
The earliest settlers suffered at times from lack of provisions, but not long. The Indians often supplied their needs by bringing them game. Their experiences were much like those of the first settlers in other towns around them, although Springwater was more inaccessible. They were sturdy men, and cleared away the forest and built needed structures quickly. Logging bees were common, the settlers for miles around helping each other to draw and pile up the logs for burning, and sometimes keeping at work at one clearing all day, well supplied the while with food and whiskey by the proprietor's family, and per- forming their heavy task with cheerful hilarity.
In 1824 an unsuccessful movement was started to form a new county from the towns of Springwater. Cohocton and Naples. A special town meeting was held in Springwater, January 1st, 1825, to oppose it, and a resolution was adopted declaring it to be "improper, im- politic and unjust and altogether against our interest that any part of this town should be made a part of the new contemplated county." At the same meeting a proposition to change the name of the town from Springwater to Veri was voted down.
Orson Walbridge saw a good many deer after he came in 1819, and at one time in an open piece of woods sixteen at once. There were plenty of fish in the streams, and the inlet swarmed with speckled trout in the spring, when they came up from Hemlock lake to spawn. They would weigh from half a pound to four pounds, and were caught by spearing and netting, and sometimes taken with the hands. The multiplication of mills drove the trout away, so that few came into the stream after 1840. But there were plenty of suckers in the early spring, and Mr. Walbridge on one occasion assisted in spearing and netting six bushels in one evening.
There were bounties paid by the town, as by other towns, for vol- unteers in the civil war, causing heavy taxes, and quotas were filled without much delay.
874
HISTORY OF LIVINGSTON COUNTY
Here follows a list of Springwater supervisors:
Oliver Jennings. 1817
Thomas M. Fowler. 1863-64
Alva Southworth
Albert M. Withington
IS66-67
1818-19-20-21-22-23-24-25-26-28
Robert H. Wiley.
1868-69-70-71-72
Zenas Ashley, Jr. 1827
Harvey H. Marvin 1873-74
E. A. Robinson. I875
Dewitt C. Snyder.
IS77-78-79
Thomas C. Grover 1834-35-43
N. A. Kellog. ISSO-SI-S2
W'm. E. Humphrey
IS83-84-85
Horatio Dyer. 1840-48-49
Addison G. Marvin
1886-87
Stephen Robinson 1841-42-47-54
Samuel L. Whitlock ISS8-89
Jolın Ray, Jr .. 18.46
George C. Marvin. 1850-51-52
DeWitt C. Boone
1891
Harrison H. Foskett. 1853
Hyde D. Marvin.
1892-93-94-95
Moses A. Cummings
1855
Arnold Gray.
1856-57
Jolın S. Wiley
1858-59-60-76
Orson Walbridge.
1861-62-65
Assessed valuations and tax rates per $1000 have been :
Assessed Valuation
Tax Rate on $1000
Assessed Valuation
Tax Rate ou $1000
Assessed Valuation
Tax Rate on $1000
1860
579,704
7.43
I875
1,001,839
6.23
1890
1,073,057
7.33
1861
531,039
7.05
IS76
960,928
4.69
I891
1,076,917
6.17
1862
511,087
9.38
1877
SS2,655
4.99
IS92
1,058,913
6.98
1863
499,156
10.29
1878
878,089
4.62
1893
1,052,482
1864
559,960
22.20
1879
934,229
5.88
1894
1,028,433
6.47
1866
500,497
34.30
ISSI
961,112
5.16
IS96
1,012,776
6.91
1868
521,938
17.93
I883
1,050,813
7.49
IS98
1,075,2.42
6.68
1869
515,601
10.52
IS84
1,073,983
5.64
IS99
1,050,240
7.78
I870
517,306
15.20
IS85
1,093,066
5.60
1900
1,043,545
7.26
1871
506,213
12.44
ISS6
1,012,213
6.44
1901
1,068,342
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