History of Oneida County, New York, 1667-1878, Part 48

Author:
Publication date: 1878
Publisher: Philadelphia, Everts & Fariss
Number of Pages: 932


USA > New York > Oneida County > History of Oneida County, New York, 1667-1878 > Part 48


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# Author of a history of Onondaga County.


+ Life of Clinton. į March 15.


¿ The French gentleman was Mare Isambert Brunel.


181


HISTORY OF ONEIDA COUNTY, NEW YORK.


this level with Onondaga Lake, thence to the eanal line, and thenee working east, laying seetions on said line. This was aecomplished, and nine miles were laid off into sections. Mr. Wright had in the mean time carried a level along the canal line, and the commissioners remarked that when his level had been carried to the place where Mr. Geddes terminated his line, the levels of these two engineers, whieli embraced a distance of nearly one hundred miles, differed from each other less than one inch and a half. This result exhibits in the engineers a degree of eare, skill, and precision never execeded.


"The first contract, which was awarded to Judge John Richardson, of Cayuga, was dated June 27, 1817. The remainder of the middle seetion was put under contraet soon after. The excavation was eom- meneed at Rome, with appropriate ceremonies, July 4, 1817."


The place selected was a few rods west of the United States Arsenal, and the honor of easting the first earth was given to Hon. Joshua Hathaway .* Isaae Briggs, Esq., an eminent mathematician, who had been employed by the commissioners as an engineer, after proeuring the necessary instruments, was directed to operate between Utiea and . Rome.t


By an aet of the Legislature passed June 19, 1812, the commissioners were empowered to purchase the rights, in- terests, and estate of the " Western Inland Loek Navigation Company," and by a law passed April 15, 1817, the Supreme Court was empowered to appoint a commission to appraise its property. In pursuanee of this authority, Richard Varick, Nathaniel W. Howell, William W. Woolsey, Obadiah German, and Elisha Jenkins were named as such commission. The amount paid was $152,718.52.


" Governor De Witt Clinton, in his annual message of 1820, reported 94 miles of the middle section, from Utiea to the Seneea River, completed, including the lateral canal to Salina."


The entire work was completed from Lake Erie to the Hudson River on the 26th of October, 1825, having oe- cupied eight years, three months, and twenty-two days in building. The total cost, as given in the history of Onondaga County, and ineluding the Champlain Canal, was $8,273,122.66.


According to the "State Gazetteer," published in 1872, the cost of the Erie Canal was $7,143,789.86, and of the Champlain Canal, $875,000.


The first boats used were said to have been those in use on the Mohawk River, with walking-boards for poling. The section from Utiea to Montezuma was in use for several years before the other portions.


That portion of the canal between Rome and Utica was in navigable condition in the fall of 1819. On the 21st of October the channel was filled with water from the Oriskany Creek, and on the 22d the first boat made a trip from Rome to Utica. It is described in Dr. Bagg's work as an " elegant boat, constructed to earry passengers, and was called the 'Chief Engineer,' in compliment to Benjamin Wright. On the 23d, the Governor of the State and the Board of Commissioners, attended by about seventy ladies and gentlemen of Utica and vicinity, embarked upon it to return to Rome. The embarkation took place amid


the ringing of bells, the roaring of eannon, and the loud acclamations of thousands of spectators."


The following letter, written by a citizen of Utica, ap- peared soon after in the Albany Daily Advertiser :


" The last two days have presented in this village a scene of the liveliest interest, and I consider it among the privileges of my life to have been present to witness it. On Friday afternoon I walked to the head of the grand canal, the eastern extremity of which reaches to within a very short distance of the village, and from one of the slight and airy bridges which crossed it. I had a sight which could not but exhilarate and elevate the mind. The waters were rushing in from the westward, and coming down their untried channel towards the sea. Their course, owing to the absorption of the new banks of the canal, and the distance they had to run from where the stream entered it, was much slower than I had anticipated. They continued gradually to steal along from bridge to bridge, and at first only spreading over the bed of the canal, imperceptibly rose an'l washed its sides with a gentle wave. It was dark before they reached the easteru extremity, but at sunrise next morning they were on a level two fect and a half deep throughout the whole distance of thirteen miles. The interest manifested by the whole country as this. new internal river rolled its first waves through the State cannot be described. You might see the people running across the fields, climbing on trees and fences, and erowding the bank of the canal to gaze upon the welcome sight. A boat had been prepared at Rome, and as the waters came down the eanal you might inark their progress by that of this new ' Argo,' which floated triumphantly along the Hellespont of the West, accompanied by the shouts of the people, and having on her deck a military band. At nine the next morning the bells began a merry peal, and the com- missioners proceeded in earriages from Bagg's Hotel to the place of embarkation. The Governor, accompanied by General Van Rensselaer, Rev. Mr. Stansbury, of Albany, Rev. Mr. Blatchford, of Lansingburg, Jndge Miller, of Utica, Mr. Holley, Mr. Seymour, Judge Wright, Colo- nel Lansing, Mr. Childs, Mr. Clark, Mr. Bonner, and a large company of their friends embarked, and were received with the roll of the drumn and the shouts of a large multitude of spectators. The boat which received thein is built for passengers, is 61 feet in length, and 7} fect in width, having two rising cabins of 14 feet each, with a flat deck between them. In forty minutes the company reached Whitesboro', the boat being drawn by a single horse, which walked on the towing- path, attached to a tow-rope about 60 feet long. The horse traveled apparently with the utmost ease. The boat, though literally loaded with passengers, drew but fourteen inches of water. A military band played patriotie airs. From bridge to bridge, from village to village, the procession was saluted with eannon, and every bell whose sound eould reach the canal swung as with instinctive life as it passel by. At Whitesboro' a number of ladies embarked, and heightened by their smiles a seene that wanted but this to make it complete."


The following paragraph is from one of the Utiea papers of that date :


" Seldom has there been geen more heartfelt joy than was manifeste.l on this occasion ; and the feelings of those who viewel the departure from U'tiea of this, the first boat which the waters of the canal had ever borne, borderel on enthusiasm. All the way to the embankment across the Sanquoit creek many hundreds of spectators followel the boat, and frequently fillel the air with their animating cheers. At Whitesboro' the arrival was announced by a national salute, andl by the cheers of the people assembled to witness the scene. After a sail of a little more than four hours the boat arrivel at Rome. It re- mainel at that place until a quarter past three, when it set out upon its return, and arrivel at l'tica ten minutes before eight. This first trial of the eanal was highly gratifying, not only to the eominissioners, but to all who beheld it ; an I if ever deep-felt gladIness was exhibited, it was in universal and full display throughout this excursion."


In April, 1820, there was an excursion trip from Utiea to Montezuma and return ; and on the 20th of May of the saine year two boats, the " Montezuma". and " Chief Engineer," having on board Governor Clinton, the canal eonimissioners, and a large party from Utica and Whites- boro', made an excursion from Utica to the Seneca River


₹ The canal originally passe:l a half-mile south of Rome, but was ehangel to its present location in 1844.


f Report of Commissioners, 1818.


# State Civil List for 1874.


182


HISTORY OF ONEIDA COUNTY, NEW YORK.


and return. A procession of the citizens of Utica escorted the distinguished guests to the boats, where the president of the village, Mr. Snyder, made an address to the Gover- nor, who replied on behalf of the commissioners.


On the 1st of June, 1820, " The Erie Canal Navigation Company" announced that the canal was in operation for the accommodation of passengers for a distance of 100 miles. Boats left Utica every Monday and Thursday morning, at nine o'clock, and arrived at Canastota at seven P.M. ; price of passage, ineluding board, four dollars. " A small advanee to be made when the toll and lockage are established. For passage apply to Doolittle & Gould, or at the stage-office."


The Fourth of July was celebrated in that year by a great gathering of people along the canal. The " Oneida Chief," from Utiea, and the " Montezuma," from Cayuga Lake, met at Syracuse. Among the party from Utica was the Governor. Many other boats were present, crowded with people from every part of the country lying adjacent to the canal. The celebration was held in an open field.


" About two o'clock," says the narrator, "the whole moved, in a novel and imposing style of procession, to Salina; the side eanal le id- ing to that place, one mile and a quarter in length, being covered with about twenty boats of various sizes, all thickly erowded with as many passengers as they could contain ; while those who could not thus be accommodatel lined the banks, and, with the accompaniment of an excellent band of music, exhibited a spectacle more interesting and impressive than has ever, it is presumed, been exhibited in our country on any occasion whatever."


The canal lengthened apace, and business increased. In April, 1823, the Canal Navigation Company announeed that they had put on four new, spacious, and beautiful boats, which were making regular trips between Utica and Rochester. A boat started every day, Sundays excepted, from Utiea and Rochester, at six o'clock A.M., and made the passage in forty-eight hours. Post-coaches ran from Rochester to Lewiston, on the Niagara River, where pass- engers arrived after a passage of three days from Utica. Both boats and coaches conveyed passengers from Utica eastward. "The Western Passage-Boat Company" put in operation a new line during this year, consisting of five packet-boats, which left their termini every evening, and made the trip in forty-five hours. In June, 1823, the canal was opened between Utica and Schenectady, and a line of " elegant paeket-boats" was put on, which made the trip in twenty-four hours. On the 8th of October, 1823, the canal was opened from Rochester to Albany, and there was a grand celebration at the latter city in honor of the event. The western portion, from Rochester to Buffalo, was not completed until about two years later.


It was expected that the completion of the canal would prove injurious to the business of the Seneca Turnpike Company ; but the result was directly the contrary, for although the heavy freighting business mostly departed to the eanal, yet the lighter travel increased to such an extent that the company was able to make surplus dividends, equal to their regular ones before the canal was completed. This was a most remarkable result, when we consider that for a distance of 112 miles the turnpike and canal ran parallel to, and near, each other.


The canal was completed and water let into it at Black Rock, on the 26th of October, 1825. The opening cere-


monies were as grand and impressive as could well be imag- ined. Guns were planted along the canal at the distance of a few miles apart, and fired in rapid succession, thus announcing in the course of a very short time the eom- pletion of the great work,-one of the most important and remarkable, considering the difficulties under which it was constructed by the efforts of a single State, to be found in the history of the world.


A flotilla, carrying Governor Clinton and officers of the State Government, a committee of the Common Council of the city of New York, and a numerous delegation from the towns along the line of the eanal, made the passage from Lake Erie to New York City. The grand procession left Buffalo on Wednesday morning, expeeting to reach Utica Saturday evening, but unforeseen causes delayed them until Sunday noon. In the afternoon the delegation attended the Presbyterian ehureh.


On Monday morning the excursionists were received at the court-house, in Utica, where Judge Ezekiel Bacon delivered an address to Governor Clinton, to which he replied in a happy and feeling manner. After the cere- monies were over the company re-embarked and proceeded on their voyage, everywhere hailed with the liveliest demon- strations of enthusiasm. At Utiea, in the evening, a species of novel fire-works was exhibited, consisting of tar barrels on fire floating on the surface of the eanal.


According to Dr. Bagg, the number of boats arriving at Albany in 1823 was 1329; in 1824, 2687 ; in 1825, 3336 ; and in 1826, nearly 7000.


The construction of the lateral canals from time to time has added largely to the growth of business, and, notwith- standing the vast railway competition, the canal still holds its own, and is acknowledged by all to be a great necessity ; and while the immense grain exports of the northwest con- tinue, it must remain a great thoroughfare for the trans- portation of the bulkier articles of merchandise and grain. For names of persons who have filled positions in the canal department from Oneida County, see " Oneida Civil List," Chapter XVII. of this work.


The principal promoters of this great work were Judges James Geddes and Joshua Forman, of Onondaga County, Judge Jonas Platt and Hon. Henry Seymour, of Oneida, and Governor De Witt Clinton, who labored unceasingly through all the long years during which it was in course of construction, and against all opposition, until they be- held their efforts erowned with success, and one of the most remarkable artificial works in the world put into successful operation.


About 35 miles of this canal are in the county of Oneida, and are included in the long level from Utiea to Syracuse. A lateral canal was constructed from Higginsville on the Erie Canal to Wood Creek, and thence down that stream by slack-water navigation two and one-fourth miles to Oneida Lake, at a cost of $64,837.68 ; but it was allowed to fall into deeay, and is not now in use excepting about one mile of it, running to the stone quarries in the town of Verona. Its total length ineluding the creek was six miles, and the descent 56 feet. By an act passed May 16, 1867, a new canal was ordered built from Durhamville to Oneida Lake, five and three-tenths miles in length. This


183


HISTORY OF ONEIDA COUNTY, NEW YORK.


eanal has six locks of the same size as those of the en- larged Erie Canal. The whole cost of the work has been $416,000. This latter work is in Madison County, and follows the left bank of Oneida Creck.


As originally constructed, the Erie Canal was 363 miles in length, 40 feet wide at the top, 28 feet at the bottoni, and 4 feet deep. The locks were 90 feet in length and 15 feet wide. The total loekage (rise and fall) was 6-152 feet ..


An enlargement was ordered by an act of May 11, 1835, and the work was commenced in August, 1836, and eom- pleted in September, 1862, at a cost of $36,495,535. The length as enlarged is 3502 miles. Its average dimensions are 70 feet at the surface, 523 feet at the bottom, and 7 feet deep. The chambers of the enlarged loeks are 110 by 18 feet, and their lift from 3 to 152 feet. The total lock- age is 654.8 feet. Capacity of boats, from 210 to 240 tons. Capacity of boats on the original canal, 70 to 76 tons.


In this connection we introduce a subscription raised in Utiea for the construction of a basin at that point, with the subseribers' names attached. The document is from the papers of Hon. Morris S. Miller :


Messrs. Bleeker, Dudley, Miller, and Brinkerhoff 84500 Samuel Stocking. 200


Ezekiel Bacon ...


50


J. 11. Ostrom.


35


Thomas S. Mitchell


20


J. C. & N. Devereux. 200


James Ingalls.


25


Asahel Savard, 300


Thos. F. Field.


25


Gerrit Smith 500


James Dana


25


W. Williamus.


150


J. P. Ballou,


25


M. Hunt ..


200


Alexander Seymour R. R. Lansing.


25


Oren Clark


100


Win. Clarke ..


50


Elon Andrews.


100


Thos. M. Francis


15


Moses Bagg


100


Alfred Burden.


20


E. P. Shearman


75


Abram Culver


15


IIngh Williams.


50


John A. Russ.


15


Jonathan Ball 50


John P-


10


Jos. S. Porter. 50


Waterman Johnson


10


John Williams.


50


Isaac Wilbur. 10


Geo. J. Hopper.


50


J. 11. Hubbard.


50


$7375


Hubbell & Whipple.


50


CHENANGO CANAL.


This work, eonneeting the Erie Canal at Utiea with the Susquehanna River at Binghamton, was authorized Feb. 23, 1833, eonneneed in July, 1834, and finished in October, 1836, at a cost of $2,782,124. It is 97 miles long exclu- sive of 133 miles of feeders, none of which are navigable .* This eanal is carried over the high divide between the waters of the Mohawk and those of the Susquehanna, and has 1015.3 feet of loekage up and down. The loeks are built of rubble stone, and cost an average of $8000 each. The eanal is ealeulated for boats of from 50 to 70 tons. It is 40 feet wide at the surface, 24 at the bottom, and 4 feet deep. There are 116 locks, with dimensions of 90 by 15 feet. It is the intention to complete this work to the Penn- sylvania line, and make connections with the eanal system of that State. There are about 20 miles of this work in Oneida County, and it passes through the eity of Utiea and the towns of New Hartford, Kirkland, and Marshall, and across the southeast corner of Augusta. It erosses Sauquoit Creek near the village of New Hartford, and from the village of Clinton follows the valley of Oriskany Creek to the county line.


BLACK RIVER CANAL AND ERIE CANAL FEEDER.


The first legislative action taken with a view to inaugu- rating this work was an act passed April 22, 1834, author- izing a survey from the Erie Canal, in the village of Rome, to the foot of the High Falls on Black River, in Lewis County. Following this preliminary survey, an act was passed by the Legislature, April 19, 1836, providing for the construction of a canal on the proposed line, with a feeder from the Black River, at Forestport, to the main eanal at Boonville. Work was soon afterwards commeneed and continued, with various delays, until 1851, when it was put in operation to Port Leyden.


A dam was subsequently eonstrueted at the head of the Long Falls, at Carthage, on Black River, by which naviga- tion for canal-boats and small steamers was seeured on that stream a distance of 42 miles, to the foot of the High Falls, where the canal connects. The following is an abstract of the State engineer's report for 1851 :


" This canal diverges from the Erie Canal at the village of Rome, Oneida Co., following up the valley of the Mohawk River, and its tributary, the Lansing Kill, to the summit level, a distance of twenty- three miles; thence crossing the dividing ridge between the Mohawk and Black Rivers, about two miles, to the village of Boonville ; thence descending into the valley of Black River, and at the distance of ten and one-third miles entering said river below the High Falls, in the county of Lewis; thence following the river by slack-water navi- gation, a distance of forty-two and a half miles, to the village of Carthage, in Jefferson County, making the length of the canal and river about seventy-eight miles.


" A navigable feeder of ten miles in length is constructed from the Black River, entering the eanal at the village of Boonville, which is designed for a feeder to the Black River Canal, and also for the Eric Canal. Add to the canal, river, and feeder two miles of navigation on the reservoir above the State dam, making in all ninety miles of navigation.


"From Rome to Boonville, a distance of twenty-five miles, there are seventy locks, overcoming an elevation of 693 feet. From Boon- ville to the High Falls, a distance of ten and one-third miles, there are thirty-nine loeks, with a descent of 386 feet.


" On the whole line of canal, feeder, and river, there are one hun- dred and nine locks, five aqueduets, eleven waste-weirs, eighteen culverts, thirty three road bridges, thirty-six farm bridges, three change and tow-path bridges, two guard-locks, one dam and bulkhead, three dams, thirty-three loek-houses, six stop-gates, two draw-bridges, and the delta-feeder."


The dimensions of this eanal originally were, 42 feet on the surface, 26 feet at bottom, and 4 feet deep. The locks were 90 by 15 feet, and admitted boats of 70 tons.


THE OPENING.


1824 ... April 30. 1842 ... April 10. 1860 ... April 25.


1825 ... April 12. 1843 ... May 1. 1861 ... May 1.


1826 ... April 20. 1844 ... April 18.


1862 ... May 1.


1827 ... April 22. 1845 ... April 15. 1863 ... May 10.


1828 ... March 27. 1846 ... April 10.


1864 ... April 30.


1829 ... May 1. 1847 ... May 1.


1865 ... May 1.


1830 ... April 21. 1848 ... May 1. 1866 ... May 1.


1831 ... April 16.


1849 ... May 1.


1867 ... May 4.


1832 .... April 25. 1850 ... April 22.


1833 ... April 19. 1851 .... April 15.


1834 ... April 17. 1852 ... April 20.


1871 ... April 24.


1836 ... April 25.


1854 ... May 1.


1872 ... May 13.


1837 ... April 20.


1855 ... April 1.


1873 ... May 15.


1838 ... April 12.


1856 ... April 5.


1874 ... May 5.


1839 ... April 20.


1857 ... April 6.


1875 ... May 18.


1810 ... April 20.


1858 ... April 28.


1876 ... May 4.


1841 ... April 24.


1859 ... April 15.


1877 ... May 8. 1878 ... April 15.


RAILWAYS.


1870 .. . May 10.


1835 ... April 15. 1853 ... April 20.


1868 ... April 23.


1869 ... May G.


The first railway constructed in the State was between Albany and Schenectady, a distance as given at the time


$ State Gazetteer.


25


M. Combe.


200


184


HISTORY OF ONEIDA COUNTY, NEW YORK.


of 17 miles. It was incorporated under the name of the Mohawk and Hudson Railroad Company, April 17, 1826. The road was opened in 1831.


The first railway constructed in Oneida County was known as the Utica and Schenectady Railroad, and, as its name indicated, connected the two cities named. It was 78 miles long, and was opened in 1836 .* The company purchased the old turnpike-road on the north bank of the Mohawk River. It was at first laid with light rails, which were taken up and the track re-laid with heavy rails, in 1846-49. This section of road was merged in the New York Central Railway in 1853.


The Syracuse and Utiea Road was incorporated May 11, 1836, and opened in 1839 from Syracuse to Utica, 53 miles. This line was also merged in the New York Central Railway in 1853.


The New York Central Railroad Company was chartered April 2, 1853. It was formed by the consolidation of the following companies: Albany and Schenectady, Schenectady and Troy, Utica and Schenectady, Mohawk Valley, Syra- cuse and Utica, Rochester and Syracuse, Rochester, Lock- port and Niagara Falls, Rochester and Buffalo, Buffalo and Lockport, of which the Mohawk Valley and the Syracuse and Utica direct railroad have never been constructed. The New York Central Road was merged in the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad in 1869. This is the only long line of railway in the Union (and possibly in the world) having four steel tracks. The traffic over it is sim- ply immense. No other lines eross it throughout its whole extent, and its facilities for the transportation of freight and passengers, live-stock, etc., are unsurpassed in any country. It passes through the cities and towns of Utica, Whitestown, Rome, and Verona, in Oneida County, the total number of miles being not far from thirty.


Black River and Utica Railroad Company was formed Jan. 29, 1853. The road was opened from Utica to Tren- ton on the 1st of January, 1855. Under an act of March 31, 1860, the holders of mortgage bonds foreclosed, and changed the name of the road to the Utica and Black River Railroad. At this date its capital was fixed at $860,000.


This road connects with Watertown, Sacket's Harbor, Clayton, Morristown, and Ogdensburg, the line having been opened between the two last-mentioned places recently.


Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg .- This road was originally chartered under the name of Watertown and Rome Railroad, April, 1832; revived May 10, 1836, and May 6, 1837; extended May 17, 1845, and again April 28, 1847. Work was commenced at Rome in No- vember, 1848. The road was opened to Pierrepont Manor May 28, 1851; to Watertown, Sept. 24, 1851; to Chau- mont, Nov. 20, 1851 ; and to Cape Vincent in April, 1852. The name was changed to its present one in 1861. The shops of this company were formerly located at Rome, but have recently been removed to Oswego.


Utica, Chenango and Susquehanna Valley Railroad Company .- This company was formed Jan. 11, 1866.


The road extends through the towns of Utica, New Hart- ford, Paris, Marshall, and Sangerfield, in Oneida County, and thence through Madison, Chenango, and a portion of Broome County, to Binghamton, a distance of 95 miles, with a branch to Richfield Springs, in Otsego County, 21 miles. It is now operated by the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Com pany.




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