USA > New York > Chemung County > History of Tioga, Chemung, Tompkins and Schuyler counties, New York > Part 4
USA > New York > Schuyler County > History of Tioga, Chemung, Tompkins and Schuyler counties, New York > Part 4
USA > New York > Tioga County > History of Tioga, Chemung, Tompkins and Schuyler counties, New York > Part 4
USA > New York > Tompkins County > History of Tioga, Chemung, Tompkins and Schuyler counties, New York > Part 4
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September 12 the little village of Kanagsas, comprising about 10 houses, was reached, and given to the flames the next day. Ou the evening of the 12th, Lieutenant Boyd and his command of 26 men, and the Oneida, Henjost, were sent out to reconnoitre, and on the 13th met with their tragic fate, 15 of the 28, including Boyd and the Oneida guide, being killed outright, or most inhumanly tortured and murdered ; Boyd and Sergeant Parker being stabbed in more than twenty places, scalped, their tongues torn out, eyes put out, and heads cut off. On the 13th the army reached the town of Gaghsaugnilahery, where the enemy seemed determined to make a stand ; but the line of battle was formed, and the advance ordered, when the In- dians fled from the town across the river, without further show of resistance. On the 14th this town and its extensive corn-fields were destroyed, and the capital of the Senecas was entered without a blow being struck. On the 15th, Gen- eral Sullivan issued his congratulatory orders, announcing the successful accomplishment of the immediate objects of the expedition, and gave the command for " about face for Tioga," and the return march began the same day. A captive woman and her child came into camp before the army left Genesee, who were captured at Wyoming. All
.
17
AND SCHUYLER COUNTIES, NEW YORK.
along the line of march from Tioga to Genesee the corn- fields and vegetables of all kinds were destroyed, root and branch, except such as were used for supplies for the army. On the 16th the woods were reconnoitered for the bodies of the men slain of Boyd's party, and 14 found, sealped and mangled, including the Indian guide. On the 19th an express reached the army from Tioga, bringing the news of the declaration of war by Spain against England, and, what was just then of more importance, and far more pleasurable to this army, the news that a good supply of commissary stores was awaiting them at Newtown. On the 20th the general and his officers held a council of war with some Oncidas, who were friendly with the colonists, and had in- tereeded for the Cayugas, who had heretofore been acting with the Senecas, but were desirous then to make peace with the general. Terms of peace were denied, and a com- mand of 500 infantry, under Major Parr, was sent off to ravage the Cayuga settlements that lay along their lake, as the Seneca settlements had been, and to receive none of the Cayugas but as prisoners of war. Colonel Smith, with 200 men, was dispatelied down the west side of Seneca Lake to destroy Gausiunque, a village eight miles above Kanadasaga (Geneva), and Colonel Gainsworth, with 100 men, was dispatched to Fort Stanwix on the same mission, and then to make his way to the headquarters on the Hudson .*
On the 21st, Colonel Dearborn, of General Poor's brigade, with 200 men, marched to destroy a Cayuga town, on the north side of the lake. On the 22d the army reached Catherine's town again, where the ancient Sencca squaw was found comfortably fixed, and to whom the gallant general in command gave another generous supply of meat and flour, whereat her " savage eyes" again gleamned with the thankfulness her tongue could scarcely express. Colonel Hubley records, in words of just condemnation, this fact : " During our absence from this place a young squaw came and attended on the old one, but some inhuman villain, who passed through, killed her. What made this crime still more heinous was because a manifesto was left with the old squaw positively forbidding any violence or injury should be committed on the women or children of the sav- ages, by virtue of which it appears this young squaw eame to this place; which absolutely comes under the virtue of a breach of faith, and the offender ought to be severely pun- ished." Colonel Hubley went with other officers to view the beauties of Watkins Glen. He was in raptures over its picturesque waterfall and gorge, as many have been sinee. On the 24th the army reached the post and sup- plies at what Colonel Hubley names " Kanawaluhery," and which Captain Livermore calls "Fort Reed." Colonel Gainsvoort says, " Arrived at the forks of Newtown, where Captain Reed, with a detachment of 200 men, had thrown up a breastwork to guard some stores and cattle brought forward from Tioga for the army in ease of necessity."+
The garrison of Fort Reed saluted the victorious troops with a round of thirteen guns, the artillery of Colonel Proetor returning the compliment.
On the 25th of September the army held
THE FIRST CELEBRATION
probably ever held in the Chemung Valley by white men of a public event, the same being the declaration of war by Spain against England, whereby the former became the ally of the colonies. Connected with this occasion was another cause for particular rejoicing, and that was, as Colonel Hubley expresses it, " the generous proceedings of the present Congress, in augmenting the subsistence of the officers and men of the army." Over all, too, was the glamour of victory, the knowledge of full success gained, and with comparatively small loss (less than fifty being killed or died from sickness in the whole campaign), and the homeward march now wellnigh completed. Under these circumstances, we ean appreciate the feelings and enter into the spirit of the soldiers at the execution of the following
PROGRAMME OF EXERCISES.
General Sullivan ordered five head of the best cattle to be distributed, " one for the use of the officers of each bri- gade, with five gallons of spirits each, to be delivered to them respectively, thereby giving them an opportunity of testifying their joy on this occasion." Salutes in the even- ing. The whole army drawn up and fired a feu-de-joie, thirteen rounds from the artillery leading off ; and followed by a running fire through the whole line, and repeated a second time, with three cheers, " one for the United States of America, one for Congress, and one for our new ally the King of Spain."
The army being dismissed, General Hand, with the offi- eers of his brigade and those of the artillery, " repaired to a bowery erected for that purpose, where the fatted bul- lock was served up (dressed in various ways); the whole seated themselves on the ground around the same, which afforded them a most agreeable repast. The officers being very jovial, the evening was spent in great mirth and jollity."
After dinner there were drank to the musie of drums and fifes the followin
TOASTS.
" 1st. The Thirteen States and their sponsors.
" 2d. The honorable the American Congress.
" 3d. General Washington and the American army.
" 4th. The commander-in-chief of the western expedi- tion.
" 5th. The American navy.
" 6th. Our faithful allies, the united houses of Bourbon.
" 7th. May the American Congress and all her legis- lative representatives be endowed with virtue and wisdom ! and may her independence be as firmly established as the pillars of time !
"8th. May the citizens of America and her soldiers be ever unanimous in the reciprocal support of each other !
" 9th. May altercations, discord, and every degree of fraud be totally banished the peaceful shores of America!
# Captain Livermore says Colonel Vant Cort-meaning, doubtless, Colonel Courtland-went to Fort Stanwix.
+ This fortification thrown up by Captain Reed ran along the bank of Newtown Creek, as far up the same as the present bridge, below the Arnot Mills; thence ran westwardly on the south side of the road from 60 to 80 rods; thence to the river, and then down the river to the mouth of the ereek, inclosing an area of three or four aeres, and surrounded by palisades.
3
18
HISTORY OF TIOGA, CHEMUNG, TOMPKINS,
" 10th. May the memory of the brave Lieutenant Boyd and the soldiers under his command, who were horribly massaered by the inhuman savages, or by their more bar- barous and detestable allies, the British and Tories, on the 13th inst., be ever dear to this country !
" 11th. An honorable peace with America or perpetual war with her enemies.
" 12th. May the kingdom of Ireland merit a stripe in the American standard !
"13th. May the enemies of America be metamorphosed into pack-horses, and sent on a western expedition against the Indians !"*
At eleven A.M. of the 25th, Colonel Dearborn came in from his raid on Cayuga Lake, having destroyed several villages and a large quantity of fine corn. He also brought in two squaws as prisoners. On the 27th an expedition of infantry and some thirty boats proceeded up the Che- mung to destroy the crops and villages in that direction, Captain Livermore being in command of the flotilla ; but owing to the low stage of water they could only get as far as Big Flats, and loading their boats with corn and vege- tables, they destroyed the balance and returned. Two of Colonel Hubley's men, who lost the regiment at Canandai- gua Lake on the 18th, after wandering for seven days in the woods found the army again on the 27th, having sub- sisted on the hearts and livers of two dead horses, which they found on the army trail. Colonel Butler came in on the 28th from his raid on the east side of Cayuga Lake, having wrought a great destruction of villages and crops.} The crops left standing on the march into the Senecas' country were destroyed on the return.
On the 29th of September the march for Tioga was re- sumed, and the army arrived at that point at two P.M. of the 30th, where they were received with demonstrations of great joy by Colonel Shrieve, who saluted the victors with 13 guns, and gave the general and his offieers a grand cu- tertainment, the drums and fifes and Colonel Proctor's band playing their merriest strains. The officers of the 1st Brigade sent their horses to Wyoming, October 1, and their cow, which accompanied them through the entire expedi- tion, and " to whom," says Colonel Hubley, " we are under infinite obligations for the great quantity of milk she af- forded us, which rendered our situation very comfortable, and was no small addition to our half-allowance."
On the 2d, General Sullivan fêted his general- and field- officers with an elegant entertainment, which was closed
with an Indian dance, several of the officers joining in the frolic. The dance was opened by a young sachem of the Oneidas, and followed by others present, who had acted as guides to the army. The young ehief was a relative of Henjost, who was slain with Boyd. On the 3d the Onei- das were rewarded with presents for their services, and left for their homes near Oneida Lake. The army resumed its march October 4 for Wyoming, where it arrived October 7, and from thence marehed to Morristown, N. J., where it went into winter quarters.
From Captain Livermore's journal we gather the follow- ing aecount of the march of General Poor's column up the Susquehanna to meet General Clinton. Captain Livermore says the command numbered 900 men, while Hubley fixes it at 700. The mareh was begun August 16, and on the 17th, says the captain, " we arrive at some considerable town [Indian], called Owago [Owego], 27 miles from Tiego. Here is a very good tract of land on both sides of the river. The town consists of about 20 houses, which we destroyed, together with considerable Indian corn which is in the milk, just fit to roast. The town appears to have been evacuated but a little time." August 18, after a tedious and disagree- able march, the command arrived at " Chucamuk [Choco- nut], a considerable Indian town on the east side of the river, consisting of about - houses, which we destroyed. Here we find corn and cucumbers in abundance. The land here is exceedingly fine, a large plot of about 400 or 500 acres clear run over to English grass, so thiek and high it is with difficulty a man could travel through." At sunset General Clinton's guns are heard, and the next day at ten A M. that chieftain and his command appear, his boats riding on a flood-tide of the general's own creation. The troops of General Poor at once right about, and the combined force encamp again at Owego on the night of the 19th August, and on the 20th eneamp on the "bank of the river, 17 miles below Owego," and on the 22d arrived at Tioga as previously stated. Captain Livermore, describing the march of the army after the battle of Newtown, says, " August 31, army on the march ; at two P.M. arrive at the forks of the river, the Allegana branch keeping its former course, and the Tiego braneh turning near a north- west course. Here are the principal improvements in Newton, and some good buildings of English construction, some very large flats of intervale, and great quantities of corn, which were destroyed yesterday. Here we take dinner and burn the town. At four P.M. proceed on the march, and at sunset encamp on a beautiful plain. We keep about a northwest course, following the Tiego branch."
At twelve o'clock, midnight, September 1, he arrives at "an Indian town called French Catherine's, deriving its name from a French lady debauched by an Indian chief, afterwards marrying him, and made queen of the place." At Kanadasaga (Geneva), he says, " we found an image which I think might be worshiped without any breach of the second commandment, not having its likeness in the heavens above nor in the earth beneath." " Here was a large burying-place, with several large monuments raised . over some of their chicfs."
The captain goes into raptures over the Genesee flats. He says, " They are the most beautiful flats I ever saw,
# It is stated elsewhere that, on the 24th, General Sullivan, by reason of the entire absence of forage, ordered that several hundred horses should he killed near the present site of the village of Horse- heads, from which event that pleasant place received its appellation. Neither of the journals from which this account of the campaign has been compiled has the slightest allusion to such an order, or to the execution of it. The horses were douhtless killed as they heeame disabled for further service, but that " several hundred" were at this time and place put hors du combat is hardly possible, as some notice would have heen taken of so notahle an event hy the journalists quoted.
¡ Two villages of the Cayugas escaped the observation of Colonel Butler : Taghanic, on the creek of that name, where there were apple-trees of two and a half centuries' growth, and another one six miles southwest from Taghanie, hoth of which were thus saved from destruction,
A MAP OF THE MILITARY LANDS AND 20 TOWNSHIPS IN THE WESTERN PART OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
LAKE ONTARIO
Macombs
It Oswego
N
boundary
Adyate
2
Hanibal
aproyfun
Fish. l.
B
3
Cato
Lysander
ONIEDA LAKE
Holland
Brutus
Cicero
Orskemny Patent,
Mohawk River.
Cosby's
Cayuga Lake
Salt Lake Onandago
Maner
Aurelius
Marcellis
8
9
Reservalion
Deep Spring
11
Cavuga
13
Scipio
14
15
Tully
6
5
Romulus
Sempronus 'of
Herkmer
Edmonston.'
8
9
16
17
Oved
Homer
Solon
50.000 Acs
12
11
10
Dry
len
2-1
Cincinatus Freetown, Cinci. 25
Sacket
Watkins
13
1.+
15
25.000
2
3
6
W.S.Smith
Cathar ine Town
County 19
of
Oswego
Tioga
of seyo
Watkins &
Flint Aks
10 Townships granted to the
Clinton
12
1
5
00
State of Massachusets
Green
Mohawky
La Croego Settlement
Chenango
Chem
Warren
Jas Watson and others.
Cookhouse
14 550
.20
10
5
82
Gerham & Co Corner
PENSYLVANIA LINE.
Papasktank
Branch
Troga. Point
SCALE OF MILES, 10 TO AN INCH.
Black River
OF
PART
Roosvelts Purchase
Massachusetts Preemption Line. County of Ontario
Hud Creek
Salt
Camillus
7
Manlius
Oneida.
Reservation ROAD
Geneva TA-
10 Pompey
Meridian
SENACA OR CANADASAGO LARE
20
1
3
1.9
12
Faburs
18
Milton
18
19
20
Watkins & Flint
64000 ±c.
21 Hector
22
Ulysses
cek
Virgil
64.000 Acs Harrisony Willet
find.
liver
Fayette».
Butternut Creek
30 810
17
$373.000
Creek
Branch
Bung Town Ca yuta C.
Hamden.
82 Mile Stone being
80
70
60
50
40
30
Sus quel
River
County of
Pluladelphia
16
I'nadilla River
17
Looke
CAYUGA LAKE
James Watson
County
Shinerdites Loke
5
Three Rivers
Would Creek
Onondago River
Fort Schyler
Orskanx Creek
ob
Chenango
Tiogas
19
AND SCHUYLER COUNTIES, NEW YORK.
being not less than four miles in width, and extending right and left as far as can be seen,-supposed to be about 15,000 acres in one clear body." The town of Gensee (Geneseo) was the finest Indian town he had seen, and consisted of 100 houses, and the corn-fields were immense,-700 acres, -and all laid waste. The captain happily describes the return to Tioga thus : " All marks of joy appeared on the face of every soldier having his brother messmate by the hand, appearing as happy as a prince."
The heavy artillery, wagons and wounded, were sent back to Tioga from the battle-field of Newtown, and but four small pieces and a howitzer were taken through to Geneseo. The artillery threw shichs into the works at the battle, and it is said their explosion so frightened the Indians they retreated sooner than they otherwise would have done, and so eseaped capture.
General Sullivan, by his severe strictures on the military board for their mismanagement, as he termed it, in forward- ing supplies for his army, brought down the animosity of that body on his head, and he was retired from command and not again restored during the war. It was the original intention to push the campaign to Niagara, but owing to lack of proper supplies, the forward mareh was, by council of war, terminated at Geneseo.
CHAPTER IV.
LAND-TITLES-COLONIAL GRANTS AND CHAR- TERS.
London and Plymouth Grant, 1606-Plymouth Grant, 1620-Massa- chusetts Charter, 1628-Warwiek Grant, 1630-Connectieut Char- ter, 1662-The Dutch West India Company, 1621-New York Charter, 1664-Pennsylvania Charter, 1681-Boundary Troubles between Massachusetts and New York-Hartford Convention of 1786 and its Awards-Indian Title recognized-Flexible Bound- aries of Indian Deeds-Knickerbocker against Quaker, an Indian's Preference-Indian Treaties-With the Six Nations as a Con- federaey-With the Mohawks-Oneidas-Onondagas-Cayugas- Seneeas-Tusearoras-State Grants to Massachusetts-Phelps and Gorham Purchase-Morris Reserve-Holland Purchase-Boston Ten Townships-Pale-Face Gold weaker than Indian Friendship -MeMaster Half-Township-Coxe's Manor-Hambden Township -Township of Chemung-Patents therein-The Military Tract -Watkins & Flint Purchase-Watson Purchase.
LAND-TITLES.
VESTED rights in real estate have ever been held more sacred than in any other kind of property by all civilized nations. Even barbarians assert their rights to the soil with a tenacity of purpose ealled forth by no other thing possessed by them. From time immemorial the alienation of real estate, the homestead of the family, has been at- tended with rigid formality, growing out of the sense of permanency attaching to the soil whereon the holder was born, or which he has acquired by some one of the many legitimate methods in vogue in the world from time to time, from the law of foree and might to that of purchase and right.
To maintain its authority in the vast territory aequired and claimed by the British Crown in the New World, great
companies of the noblemen and wealthy merchants and tradesmen were incorporated by James I., in 1606, by letters patent, under the name of the London and Plymouth Companies. To the former of these was granted the terri- tory of South Virginia, extending from the thirty-fourth to the fortieth degree of north latitude, and from the Atlantic Ocean on the east to the South Sea on the west. To the latter company was granted North Virginia or New England.
On Nov. 3, 1620, the Plymouth Company was incor- porated by letters patent under the name of the Great Council of Plymouth, and a grant made to this company, their successors and assigns, of " all of New England in America, in breadth from the fortieth to the forty-eighth degree of north latitude, and in length within all the breadth aforesaid throughout the mainland from sea to sea ; provided always that any part of the premises hereinbefore mentioned, and by these premises intended to be granted, be not actually possessed or inhabited by any other Chris- tian prince or state." To this company were also granted the jurisdiction and the royal pre-emption of the soil, with the authority to distribute their territory and assign their prerogatives to companies of adventurers for the purpose of occupation and settlement.
In 1628 the Great Council of Plymouth conveyed to the Massachusetts Colony all of the territory lying between the Merrimae River on the north and the Charles River on the south, and running through the continent from sea to sea the sanie breadth, with the proviso of the original grant to the Council of Plymouth eoneerning the territory of any other Christian prinee or state. The king confirmed the grant in 1629, and issued a royal charter for the same. The south line of the Massachusetts grant was subsequently settled to be the forty-second parallel. In 1630 the Earl of Warwick, president of the Great Council, procured a grant from the Council of a large tract of country, which was confirmed by the king, and a royal charter issued in aeeordanee therewith, and March 19, 1631, the earl eon- veyed to Lords Say, Seal, Brooke, Humphrey, Wyllys, Saltonstall, and others, twelve in number, the territory lying between the forty-second parallel (Massachusetts line) on the north and the forty-first parallel on the south, and so running that breadth through the mainland from sea to sea. In 1662 the Connecticut Colony was chartered by the king, the proprietors having previously purchased of Lords Say, Seal, and others their rights in the territory, and thus became vested with the rights of the grant to Earl Warwick in that territory, with the proviso of the grant to the Great Council. The Great Council having dis- posed of all its lands to others, in 1635 released its juris- diction over the territory to the Crown, in the words of the original grant, mentioning, however, that the said territory extended to the westward about three thousand miles .*
In 1614, the Dutch States-General chartered the New Netherland Company, and took formal possession of the
# In 1754 a congress composed of deputies from the British eolo- nies north of Virginia, held at Albany by direction of the Lords of Trade and Plantations of England, declared " the ancient colonies of Massachusetts Bay and Connectient were by their respective charters made to extend to the South Sea."
20
HISTORY OF TIOGA, CHEMUNG, TOMPKINS,
country about the Hudson River, and in 1621 chartered a new company with greatly enlarged powers, called the Dutch West India Company, to whom the States-General gave exelusive privileges of trade, and commeree, and juris- diction throughout the Dutch possessions. The provisions of the charter of this company were repellant to settlement, and served only to enrich the proprietors to the exclusion of immigration ; whereupon a great pressure was brought to bear upon the Holland government, and the company was foreed to modify its regulations and encourage settle- ment. Under the modified rules and regulations the Patroon system sprang up, whereby persons were allowed grants of land purchased of the Indians extending eight English miles on both sides of a river or creek, or sixteen miles on one side, provided that they settled a colony of 50 persons above the age of fifteen years on the same be- fore the expiration of four years from the date of the grant. Under this regulation the directors of the West India Com- pany became possessed of immense traets of land in East- ern New York.
In 1664, Charles II., then King of England, ignoring the claims of the Dutch West India Company, based on actual possession of the country along the Hudson and Mohawk Rivers for fifty-three years, conveyed to his brother James, Duke of York, "all that island or islands com- monly called Mattawacks or Long Island, together with Hudson's River and all the land from the west side of Con- nectieut River to the east side of Delaware Bay." The duke to enforce liis title sent an armed expedition under Colonel Richard Nichols, who compelled the surrender of the Dutch Governor, Peter Stuyvesant. Nichols granted very liberal terms of capitulation to the Duteh, guarantee- ing the West India Company and the people in the posses- sion of their lands, and the latter in their civil and politieal rights, the sovereignty of the country merely passing into the power of the English. In 1667 the treaty of Breda confirmed the duke in the possession of the country. In 1673, Admiral Colve overthrew the English power, and for the space of a few months restored the Dutch rule and en- deavored to reinstate the old system that pertained to it, but in the general peace of 1674 the power was restored to the English, and in the treaty that followed between England and Holland the duke's rights were reaffirmed and his title guaranteed. By the grant of the king and the confirmations by treaty the Duke of York became vested with the rights of the Dutch possessions along the Hudson and Mohawk, and in New Jersey, which ran through the lines of the Massachusetts and Conneetieut charters, though they did not " cut them asunder," as de- clared by Governor Saltonstall, of Connecticut, for by the provisos of the royal grant to the Great Council of Ply- mouth and the Massachusetts and Connecticut charters, these possessions of the Dutch were exempted, being the possession of another Christian state. The boundary of the duke's claim was subsequently settled between Connce- ticut and New York, about as it now runs; and established also on the east shore of the Delaware River and Bay.
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