USA > New York > Wyoming County > History of Wyoming County, N.Y., with Illustrations, Biographical Sketches and Portraits of Some Pioneers and Prominent Residents > Part 40
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THE BRITISH RAID-LAND DISPUTES IN BENNINGTON.
sugar, and for coffee burnt barley, peas and corn were sub- stituted; so that but very little was purchased of the pioneer store keeper, and that little consisted mostly of tea and tobacco. The superabundant herbage in the forest fur- nished a ready pasturage during the summer.
December 30th, 1813, a British force of about one thous- and men landed at Buffalo, captured the place, and spread alarm throughout all western New York. The militia that had been provided to guard Buffalo fled to Bennington, causing consternation among the settlers by their fright, and their wild and extravagant report that the British regulars and the Canadian Indians were but a short distance behind, in full pursuit. A general stampede commenced at once. Every man or woman who had one or more draft animals put them into immediate requisition, with such vehicles as could be had, many of which were improvised for the oc- casion, and of the rudest sort at that; and the beginning of 1814 saw Bennington nearly depopulated. Some of those who fled remained away all winter, while most of them re- turned in a few days to their old cabins, and did not allow themselves to be disturbed again by flying reports during the remainder of the war.
With the close of 1814 came the end of the war, and such of Bennington's soldiers as survived the conflict returned to their homes, and their time was again given to clearing off the forests.
HARD TIMES AND RELIEF.
The severity of the season, and the high price of wheat in the fall of 1816, induced every settler to put into wheat during that and the following season every acre of land that could be prepared for it. But when there was a crop for the market there was no market for the crop. The set- tlers had heretofore required for home consumption all that was raised, or nearly so. But now, in 1818, every one had some to spare. The season was unfavorable for corn, and but very little was raised, consequently but very little pork was made; no money was in circulation, and everything looked rather " blue." But the indomitable will of the pioneer was not to be thwarted, and improvements still went on.
About this time Trumbull Casey, of Batavia, commenced paying cash for black salts, at the rate of $2.50 per hundred pounds. This opportunity the settlers improved in clearing off the forests, as this was the only article of commerce within their reach for which they could get cash. Lands were cleared by the job for little more than the ashes.
Nearly every lot in the town had its log cabin, and yet, except the land purchased by the Loomis family and one or two others, the fee simple still remained in the Holland Land Company, the settlers holding only under an "ar- ticle."
In 1820, there still being no market, no cash was paid for produce, and all business transactions were done in "barter." Shoemakers, tailors, blacksmiths, school teachers, clergymen and men of all trades and professions were paid in grain, or not paid at all. Even the marriage ceremony was some- times performed by justices for wheat. But one young man, rather more noble than the rest, carried on his back four bushels of wheat a distance of five miles, and sold it to a new settler for one dollar. He gave a clergyman the dol- lar the next day to make him a happy husband. The sys-
tem of the Holland Company in selling their Hands on long credit, and not even enforcing the contracts when due, had given rise to carelessness or indifference on the part of the settler, and even the interest on the purchases went unpaid; consequently land purchased at $1.25 per acre had doubled, and the burden of what seemed a great debt became an in- cubus on the settler. Many began to feel that they could not pay for their lands, but did not like the idea of leaving their homes to others more fortunate, and quite an uneasi- ness was felt among the early settlers. The Holland Com- pany saw the necessity of doing something to prevent the further accumulation of debt, and in 1823 commenced tak- ing stock and produce on their contracts. This had the ef- fect in many cases of alleviating the anxiety, and many in this way paid for their farms.
In 1822 the work on the Erie Canal in this vicinity gave employment to men and teams from this town at remunera- tive prices, and brought 'returns in cash, which restored. a circulating medium, and the practice of barter ceased. The completion of the Erie Canal was a god-send to the settlers. Grain, which had heretofore been a drug, now commanded cash at home, and the canal proved of great value to Ben- nington, although thirty miles distant.
In 1828 and 1829 some of the settlers who had come into the town young and robust, and had gathered around them numerous families, found that the amount yet due the land office was in many instances equal to the price of their land, and that the settler, after spending the prime of his life clearing off the forests, might be left penniless. Feeling that they had made the value of the land by their improve- ments, they were not willing to leave them without some re- muneration. Murmurings began to prevail, which broke in- to open rebellion, and a mob of several hundred men marched upon the land office at Batavia, as related on page 59; several Bennington pioneers were present.
The Holland Company sold many occupied farms in this town to speculators, who undertook to remove the settlers by legal process. But after a few fruitless attempts, during which one of the speculators and his assistants were treated to a coat of tar and feathers by a mob of settlers, legal pro- ceedings were abandoned.
Yet many of the settlers became discouraged by their in- debtedness and failure to perfect their titles, neglected their farms and began selling out. Thus in a very few years an almost new set of inhabitants supplied the place of those settled first, and a better state of things was manifested. The old log cabins, now decaying, gave place to substantial frame or brick dwellings and frame barns. Hay and grain were housed and livestock sheltered. New fences and pens kept domestic animals within bounds. The completion of a continuous line of railroad from Buffalo to Albany gave Ben- nington the benefit of markets east and west, the want of which had been felt from the earliest settlement of the town.
OFFICERS OF THE TOWN.
This town was formed from Sheldon March 6th, 1818. The first town meeting was held at the house of David Farn- ham. ' The meeting "resolved that Jonathan G. Falmer be clerk pro tempore, and adjourned to the school-house near Strong Hayden's, and the following persons were made choice of as town officers: Ezra Ludden, John Newell and Enoch Winslow, school commissioners; William Stedman, George
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HISTORY OF WYOMING COUNTY, NEW YORK.
Loomis, Jonathan G. Palmer, James Danley, Johnson Noyes and Seth Pomeroy, inspectors of common schools; George Loomis, supervisor; Jonathan G. Palmer, town clerk; Wil- liam Washburn, constable and collector; Pelatiah Case and Nathan Clapp, poormasters; Seymour Norton, John Noyes and Hezekiah Lattimer, assessors; Nathan Clapp, Joseph Farnham and Abram Clough, commissioners of highway. It was voted that there be but one constable in town, and that pathmasters be pound keepers and fence viewers. The overseers of highways chosen at this time were Aldrich Free- man, Quartus Clapp, James Diskill, John Jones 2nd, Isaac Anderson, John Tolles, Daniel Root, Joseph Farnham, John Carter, Elias Gillett, Stephen Baker, John Tucker, Bissel Sherman and Allen Matterson. It was voted that there be $50 raised for the support of roads and bridges.
The civil list of Bennington includes the following names: Supervisors .- 1818. George Loomis ; 1819-25, 1827, 1830, 1882-86, Strong Hay- den : 1896, Benjamin Piper ; 1828. 1829, Pelatiah Case, jr .; 1881, Sylvester R. Crane : 1887. 1838, Ira Croes : 1839, Albert Hayden (resigned, and Strong Hay- den was elected October 1st, 1839) ; 1840, 1844-49, B. R. Folsom ; 1841, 1842, Isaac Pierce, jr .; 1848, Anthony Potter : 1850-58, 1855, 1860, 1864, 1871, 1872, 1878. Jobn B. Folsom ; 1864, 1878, 1874, E. C. Holt ; 1866, 1875-77, Isaac Pierce; 1867, Lucien Brown: 1868, 1869, Benajab Griswold ; 1861, 1867, G. G. Hoskins; 1808, 1868, 1879, Lucien H. Brown : 1866, 1806, Ami H. Hoskins ; 1868, George R. Mattison : 1809, 1870, Milton P. Persons.
Town Clerks .- 1818, Jonathan G. Paliner ; 1819-21, 1823-20, 1831-84, George Loomis : 1822, 1830, Caleb H. King ; 1836, 1836, Henry L. Rowley ; 1837, Albert Hayden ; 1888-40, Chandler Parsons : 1841, 1842, 1849, Chauncey L. Hayden .; 1848, 1844, Marous L. Vosburgh; 1845, O. F. Fuller ; 1846-48, Bissel S. King ; 1860, 1861. George L. Hoskins : 1862, 1858, R. L. Woodford : 1864, F. H. Day ; 1865, 1866, Edwin Stanley ; 1857, 1868, John Dunson : 1859, 1861, 1864, William L. Hawes : 1800, James W. Owen ; 1808, 1868, Frank Parsons ; 1865, 1868, Andrew Himme: 1867, Paul Stephens; 1868-71, Peter Muth ; 1872, 1873, Martin Fred- man ; 1874, 1875, 8. D. Ludden ; 1876-79, Joseph Sellman.
February 25th, 1875, the board of supervisors set off and erected into a new town, to be named " Elmont," all that part of the town lying west of the "mile strip," leaving the town of Bennington a little over five and a quarter miles wide. But through some error in the proceedings the act of the board did not take effect as intended, the project failed, and the old town remains intact, as formed in 1818.
SUICIDES.
The record of suicides in Bennington is so remarkable for a rural con nunity as to deserve notice.
In 1846 . Cerman by the name of Straus committed sui- cide by hanging, in a barn near the Roman Catholic church, in the northeast part of the town.
About 1840 a Mr. Ludden, who lived near the center of the town, hung himself to the limb of a tree.
In 1871 Mr. John F. Maxon, aged about seventy years, who lived in the southeast quarter of the town, hung himself in his own house by fastening one end of a rope through a stove-pipe hole, and the other around his neck, and then stepping off from a chair. In the same year Mrs. Thomas Gillett and Mrs. Martha Cross committed suicide in their own dwellings, in a similar manner; and Mrs. Clapp, then living near the center of the town, committed suicide by poisoning, the same year of the above. In 1871, also, an unknown man was found hung to the limb of a tree, near John Henig's.
In 1874 Mr. Loyal Hawes, who lived at Cowlesville and had resided in this town from his birth, committed suicide at his home while in a state of temporary insanity.
BENNINGTON'S VOLUNTEERS.
The first to volunteer from this town at the call of Presi- dent Lincoln for soldiers to put down the Rebellion were
Ralph N. Tolles and Merritt N. Chaffee. They enlisted in Company F. 5th N. Y. cavalry, September 10th, 1861. This company was organized at Pike, by Captain Washington Wheeler. Ralph N. Tolles was accidentally shot at New- market, Va., May 9th, 1862, by a comrade named John B. McMillan. His remains was brought home for burial, and deposited in the Hubbard cemetery. He was the first Ben- nington soldier who lost his life. Merritt N. Chaffee served through the war, and was several times promoted. After the war he removed to Michigan, and he has represented his district several times in the Legislature of that State.
Bounties to volunteers were offered by the town at several times during the war. At a special town meeting July 12th, 1864, a bounty of $300 was voted to drafted men who served or sent substitutes, and $400 to each volunteer.
Bennington contributed to the Union armies during the Rebellion the men named below, as stated in the records of the Soldiers' Monument Association. They were private soldiers where not otherwise stated. The first date given is that of enlistment.
8th N. Y. Heary Artillery .- John Amerdic, 1863. David Burleigh, 1863. Ira Cross, 1868. Ervin Newell, lieutenant, Dec., 1863. Kirk L. Ewell, corporal, Deo., 1868 ; died in 1864. H. Ferner, 1868. Adam Grill, Dec., 1888. J. G. Kerech, corporal, Dec., 1863. Mart Lingfeld. Dec., 1868; died in Aug., 1864. Andrew Lingfield, Dec., 1863 ; died in Dec., 1864. Dexter S. Ludden, major, Dec., 1863. Stephen Myers, Dec., 1863. Michael Myers, Dec., 1863. Eugene Plumley, corporal, Dec., 1868. Charles Rice. Aug. 2, 1802. Friend Rice, Aug. 5, 1802. John Sburn, Dec. 23, 1863. H. H. Van Dake, lieutenant, Dec., 1863.
186th N.Y. Infantry .- G. G. Atwood, Sept., 1863; died in Dec., 1862. Harlow Dudley. Sept. 12, 1802. Edward D. Kellogg. Charles Maxon, Sept. 12, 1803. 106th N. Y. Infantry .- C. M. Rowley, 1868 ; died in 1868. John Kersch, 1861. Auth N. Y. Infantry .- F. O. Barber, 1863; died in 1883. Harry Parsons, sergeant, 1861.
Miscellaneous .- Benjamin Atwood, Ist N.Y. Dragoons, Company C: mort- ally wounded June 11th. 1861 ; died July 2. George W. Crossfield, 10th N. Y. cavalry. Harrison V. Day, 48th heavy artillery, Deo. 26, 1803. O. P. French, 9th N. Y. . cavalry, Oot., 1864. Charles Green, 10th N. Y. artillery, Aug. & 1802. James King, corporal, 16th U. S. volunteers, Aug. 19. 1864. John Muns, sergeant, 187th N. Y. infantry, 1861 ; died same year. Jacob A. Soblick, captain, 6th Wisconsin infantry, Apr. 19, 1861.
BENNINGTON CENTRE.
This village was settled in the summer of 1807 by Chaun- cey Loomis, whose advent is elsewhere described. He purchased a large tract of land, upon which the village was afterward built. The place was known for many years as the Loomis settlement. Loomis opened a store on a small scale for the accommodation of those who settled around him. Through his enterprise and generosity the set- tlement enlarged, until it spread out over nearly the whole town. At present there are three stores, Peter Muth's, Ja- cob Hine's and James King's; three churches, Roman Cath- olic, Baptist and German Lutheran; two wagon shops; an ashery; a grist and cider-mill; a steam saw-mill; a job printing office; two school.houses, Roman Catholic and Protestant; two taverns and two physicians, E. C. Holt and Charles A. Young. The present postmaster is Alonzo Per- sons, and the post-office is kept at the store of P. Muth. The population is about 200. The first postmaster at this place was Strong Hayden. He was appointed in 1818.
FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, BENNINGTON CENTRE.
Agreeable to the vote of the Second Baptist Church in Sheldon, passed the Saturday preceding the first Sunday in September, 1812, the members of that church living on lot No. 10, 4th range, and its vicinity, viewing themselves as a distinct branch of that church, agreed to hold conference, covenant and other meetings in their neighborhood, and
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BAPTIST, PRESBYTERIAN AND CATHOLIC CHURCHES OF BENNINGTON CENTRE.
chose Ezra Ludden to serve as clerk in this branch of the church. They also agreed to choose a moderator to lead in their meetings.
The names of these members were as follows: Pelatiah Case, Darius Cross, Justin Loomis, Ezekiel Harris, Bela Bibbins, Alphea Loomis, Apphia Case, Betsey Cross, Eliza- beth Rockwell and Anna Harris. October 15th, 1812, Ezra Ludden, William Washburn, Bathsheba Jennings and Philo- mela Risley were baptized by Elder Irish. No more were added to the church until June 14th, 1814.
April 10th, 1814, at a covenant meeting Pelatiah Case was chosen the first moderator.
September 1st, 1814, Elder Carr administered the sacra- ment.
At a church meeting held August 14th, 1817, at which Elder Cyrus Andrews was present, it was voted to apply to the churches of Sheldon and Pembroke for their elders and delegates to meet with this church on the 21st inst. to com- pose a council to consider the propriety of granting the members living on lot No. 10, 4th range, fellowship as a distinct church. Agreeable to this vote, the following per- sons met in council on the 21st: From Sheldon, Elder Wil- liam Hemick and L. Castle; from Pembroke, Elder William Throop. Elder Throop was appointed moderator of the council, and L. Castle clerk. The council found eight male and ten female members, to whom it unanimously agreed to give fellowship as a church in sister relation.
March 19th, 1819, Pelatiah Case was chosen the first dea- con of the church. April 11th, 1819, Elder Throop ad- ministered the Lord's Supper. The first letter granted by this church was given September 26th, 1819, to Mehitabel King, to join in Oxford, Upper Canada.
Elder. Ebenezer Hall was pastor of the church from July 9th, 1836, to February 18th, 1837; January 8th, 1838, El- der Colby commenced his labors, and remained until May 9th, 1842; Elder F. Burr was next pastor from November Ist, 1842, till September 9th, 1843; Elder Nelson Chapin then began his labors here, which ended September 14th, 1845; he was succeeded November 2nd, 1845, by Elder Joel Lyons, who staid until April 9th, 1848; Elder Elisha Sardis Smith was pastor from January 17th, 1849, until Jan- uary Ist, 1851; and from January 15th, 1851, Elder Samuel J. Olney served to March 10th, 1852; Elder E. S. Smith then came and remained till February, 1853; Elder David Loomis was a supply from April 2nd, 1853, till February 20th, 1854; Elder Ansel Clark came June 6th, 1854, and left April 6th, 1856; Elder A. S. Kneeland supplied the pulpit until April 12th, 1857; Elder S. Kyes, jr., was pastor from June 6th, 1857, until April 30th, 1865; Elder Charles Berry to March 18th, 1866. For three years the church was without stated preaching. June and, 1869, Elder A. H. Tood became the settled pastor; he resigned June 3d, 1871. For nearly three years the church was again without a pas- tor. Elder W. Martin came in March, 1874, and left Octo- ber 29th, 1877; Elder E. Owens commenced his labors Jan -. uary 6th, 1878, and closed his engagement April 1st, 1879. The present number of members is twenty-five.
This society was given a " gospel lot " by the Holland Land Company. The first church edifice was built in 1832, by Ezra Ludden, at a contract price of $350. It stood on the site occupied by the present church edifice. In 1856 it was sold to S. D. Ludden. In consideration he was to pay
$25 in cash, remove the old church from the lot, and ring the bell on the new church three times a day for one year.
The present church edifice, which is of wood, was built in 1856 by Hawes & Ludden, and cost the society $1,500. It was dedicated February 26th, 1857, by Rev. S. F. Holt.
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, BENNINGTON CENTRE.
Hotchkin's history says: " Public worship was instituted about 1810, and a Congregational church, consisting of seven members, was organized in 1814 by Rev. John Spencer and Hugh Wallis. This is the church, as the author supposes, which was designated as Sheldon, No. 10, 3d range. It was received under the care of the Presbytery of Niagara Febru- ary 3d, 1818, and was assigned to the Presbytery of Genesee on the organization of the latter. In 1825 it numbered 14 members, and in 1846 47, the highest number it has ever reported." " In 1842 Rev. Isaac Chichester was employed as a stated supply, and on the 3d day of December, 1844, he was installed pastor of the church. On the same day their new house of worship, which is a well built edifice forty-two feet in length and thirty-four in breadth, was dedicated to the worship of the triune God. Since the settlement of Mr. Chichester there has been a gradual enlargement of the church. The American Home Missionary Society has lent its aid to this church in the support of its pastor." In 1878 the church property was leased to the "German Lutheran Society " for a term of fifteen years, with the privilege of occupying it for one service each Sabbath during that time. The Presbyterians have no preaching, and hold no services in their church. The present membership is about 12.
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCHES AND SCHOOLS.
The very first thing which we know in the town of Ben- nington about Catholicism is that some few families scat- tered around over a good distance assembled for service in a house on the Allegany road, about a mile north from Ben- nington Centre, now belonging to Mr. Vincent Ganter. This was about 1847, when a priest from Buffalo visited them as a missionary from time to time.
Occasionally the Catholics also assembled in another farm- house, which belongs to-day to Mr. Michael Meier, near the actual old Catholic church, and later also in a large public house called Danley's Tavern. There are still some of the Bennington Catholics who have been married in that tavern.
The first baptism recorded in the parochial books was that of John Winter, which was administered by Rev. Father Tshenhens, C. S. S. R., on April 5th, 1848.
It was only in 1848 that some Germans proposed to build a church, and soon they went to work, so that under Rev. Father Kubin they opened a little church, about thirty feet wide by forty feet long, for service in the year 1850. Among the oldest German settlers that erected this church, costing a little over $1,500, we find the following names in the annals of the church: John Schum", Frank Bauk, John Frisen, Jos- eph Frauenknecht", George Mayer, John Diestler, Leonhard Geitner, John Siegert, Wendelin Grail, George Meinwieser, Frank Ailingen, Joseph Syndecus*, Joseph Linssen, John Uhl, Nicholas Stum, John Besold, Mich. Swegler*, John Walter, Joseph Rosenwirth", George Benedict, Adam Dersam", George Reichert, Leonhard Henke*, John Engel*, John Lingfelder, Bartholomew Sperl, David Schiller.
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HISTORY OF WYOMING COUNTY, NEW YORK.
The names having an asterisk are those of persons still living in Bennington in the autumn of 1879.
The church, dedicated to St. Mary Help of Christians, was blessed by Rt. Rev. Bishop Timon, of Buffalo. It was re- built in 1855. The congregation increased very fast, and counted in 1855 and 1856 already 140 to 150 families.
Bennington, notwithstanding this important Catholic mem- bership, was never the residence of a priest, but has been a station even to this day.
The Catholic school here, under the charge of Prof. Smith is attended by 450 children, and is in a prosperous condi- tion.
From 1850 to 1854 this place was attended from Sheldon, Wyoming county, and from 1854 to 1870 from Alden, Erie county.
In 1871, under Rev. Father Kofler, commenced a new period for Bennington. After many struggles and vigorous efforts he resolved to build a new church in Bennington Centre, about four miles distant from the old Bennington church. Naturally this could not but weaken the old Ben- nington congregation, for a great number of families would join the new one. Under the wise management of Mr. Kofler a nice church of seventy feet by thirty-five was erected at Bennington Centre. The consecration of the new church, dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, took place October 29th, 1872, and was performed by Rt. Rev. Bishop Ryan, of Buffalo. The new society started with thirty-three families, and numbers to-day eighty-seven fam- ilies.
The cost of the new building was estimated in the begin- ning at $3,000, but exceeds at the present moment $7,000. This new church is handsomely fitted up, and will be fur- nished very soon with stained glass windows.
As real founders of the church are to be remembered Adam Syndecus, Martin Fridmann, Jacob Collein, John Schum, jr., Mary Bleyler, Henri Peyrick, Charles Fridmann, Lewis Fridmann, Bernard Biegler, Nicholas Demuth, Peter Zehler, jr., George Schumann, Joseph Sellmann, Michael Schum and Bernard Geise.
At the east side of the church building there is a Cath- olic school with about fifty-nine children connected with it, of which Mr. John Ziewers has been the efficient teacher since 1875. At the west side of the church is the pastor's residence, very nicely located and admired by all the priests who have occupied it.
Rev. Gerard H. Gysen, the late pastor of Bennington Centre and Bennington, is a native of Holland, and studied .theology at the celebrated university and American college at Louvain, Belgium. In 1876 he came to America, and was stationed in Bennington Centre the following year. In the latter part of 1879 he removed to Alden, Erie county, and was succeeded by Rev. James Schneider.
The priests who have had charge over Bennington and Bennington Centre, with the dates of their service, have been the following, the station having been attended from Buffalo until 1850, then nine years from Sheldon, then from Alden until 1871:
Rev. P. Tshenhens, T. S. S. R., 1848, who was a native of Wurtemberg, and died in Baltimore in 1877, aged seventy- six years.
Rev. J. P. Kromer, 1848, a native of Bavaria.
Rev. J. G. Shaefer, February 19th, 1849; May 28th, 1849.
Rev. P. Kubin, November 13th, 1849, to January 7th, 1850. Rev. Sebastian B. Gruber, February 27th, 1850, to June 6th, 1852. He is a native of Bavaria; was one of the most zealous pastors here, and is now stationed in New Oregon, Erie county.
Rev. Carl Kubin, September 13th, 1852, to February 6th, 1854.
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