USA > New York > New York City > The Memorial History of the City of New York: From Its First Settlement to the Year 1892, Volume III > Part 2
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xii
HISTORY OF NEW-YORK
Charitable Societies - Lodging-houses and Industrial Schools for Girls and Boys - The Children's Aid Society's Work - The New " Charity Exchange" on Fourth Avenue - Changes in Length of Summer Vacations - The Un- rest which Characterizes the People - The Cholera Scare - Strikes of the Laboring Classes - Resume of the Period.
CHAPTER XVI
CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL HISTORY OF NEW-YORK IN THE NINE- TEENTH CENTURY Robert Ludlow Fowler. 615
The Constitutional Conventions of 1821 and 1846 - The Convention of 1801 - Opposition to the Convention of 1821 - Final Decision in its Favor - The Supreme Court of Judicature - Chancellors Kent and Lansing, and Their Administrations - Kent's Aims and Work -The Courts of Errors and Probates -Condition of New-York State in 1821 - New England In- fluence Perceptible in Politics - Names of Prominent Delegates to the Con- vention of 1821 - Debates in the Convention - The Basis of the Franchise Enlarged - Changes in the Judicial Establishment - The Bill of Rights Sections - The Act of 1823 Authorizes Courts of Equity - The Revised Statutes - The Revision of 1824 - The Act of 1825 - The Revisers' Work Considered and Described - Definition of the Term "Common Law "- Fur- ther Changes Made in the Ancient Courts - Effect of Foreign Immigration upon the Body Politic - Disturbances Connected with the Great Grants of Land - The Convention of 1846 - Provisions of the New Constitution - Court of Appeals Created - Many Minor Changes Adopted - Jurisdiction of the Various Courts - Determination of the Private Jural Relations of all Citizens of the State - Status of a Citizen of New-York City - Conclusion.
TABLE OF DATES IN NEW-YORK HISTORY 661
LIST OF STEEL-ENGRAVINGS.
ARTIST.
PAGB.
ALEXANDER HAMILTON Trumbull Frontispiece.
MRS. JOHN JAY
Unknown
Face 87
ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON
Stuart .
219
DE WITT CLINTON
Inman
334
JOHN JACOB ASTOR
Stuart .
447
JOHN ADAMS DIX
Brady " 518
LIST OF FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS.
ADDRESS OF RETURNED EXILES, AND WASHINGTON'S REPLY
4, 5,6
MAP OF LIVINGSTON MANOR, 1714 . Face 19
WASHINGTON'S REPLY UPON RECEIVING FREEDOM OF THE CITY . 23, 24
FAC-SIMILE OF LAST PAGE OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION 36
MAP OF NEW-YORK, 1789 .
53
FAC-SIMILE OF ROLL FOR ATTORNEYS, WITH AUTOGRAPHS 60
FAC-SIMILE OF THE DE LANCEY PROCLAMATION Face 69
74 .
CHIEFS OF THE CREEK INDIANS .
FAC-SIMILE OF A LETTER BY MARINUS WILLETT 77
EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY COINS AND CURRENCY 112
ST. MEMIN'S VIEW OF NEW-YORK IN 1798 127
MAP OF NEW-YORK, 1797 Face 130
FAC-SIMILE OF ORDER OF WASHINGTON'S FUNERAL PROCESSION 132
FAC-SIMILE OF PAGE OF THE "COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER," 1797 .
149
FAC-SIMILE PAGE OF MINUTES OF NEW-YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY . 178
PLAN OF NEW-YORK, SHOWING THE MADE AND SWAMP LAND
197
MAP OF THE CITY OF NEW-YORK IN 1808 . Face 208
MAP OF HARLEM HEIGHTS AND PLAIN, 1814 .
281
INTERIOR OF PARK THEATER, NOVEMBER 7, 1822
Face 306
ILLUMINATION OF THE CITY HALL UPON COMPLETION OF ERIE CANAL . 325 ST. PAUL'S CHURCH AND BROADWAY IN 1831 358
PINE STREET MEETING SIGNATURES
Face 480
TWO GREAT QUESTIONS. (THE TWEED RING) 549
"WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO ABOUT IT ?" (THE TWEED RING)
Face 556
CENTENNIAL SOUVENIR ISSUED IN APRIL, 1889 .
591
NEW-YORK CITY AND HARBOR IN 1892
611
ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT.
GREAT SEAL OF NEW-YORK
2
PORTRAIT OF RED JACKET 3
THE ROYAL SAVAGE .
7
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF REV. CHARLES INGLIS
8
xiii
xiv
HISTORY OF NEW-YORK
PAGE.
AUTOGRAPH OF ROBERT LENOX . 10
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF PIERRE VAN CORTLANDT 11
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF MARINUS WILLETT . 13
FAC-SIMILE OF A FREEMAN'S CERTIFICATE . 14
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF JOHN PINTARD 16
THE LISPENARD MEADOWS . 17
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF LADY CATHARINE DUER 20
NEW-YORK SLEIGH OF 1788 25
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF NOAH WEBSTER 26
FROM A CONTEMPORARY BROADSIDE .
29
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF GEORGE CLINTON 31
COLONEL LAMB'S MANSION .
32
AUTOGRAPH OF JOHN WATTS (SR.) 34
AUTOGRAPH OF ANNE WATTS . 35
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF GOUVERNEUR MORRIS 39
PROCESSION IN HONOR OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION 40
GRAND FEDERAL BANQUET 41
DUTCH MEDALS ON THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, I.
43
Nos. II. AND III. OF THE SAME 44
THE FRANKLIN HOUSE
47
PRESIDENT WASHINGTON'S RECEPTION AT NEW-YORK 50
WASHINGTON TAKING THE OATH
55
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF MRS. WASHINGTON
57
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF WILLIAM DUNLAP
65
" GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES" (FAC-SIMILE OF PART OF A PAGE) CITY AND MANHATTAN BANKS AND THE MCEVERS HOUSE
71
THE GOVERNMENT HOUSE 79
FAC-SIMILE OF CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION 81
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF JOSEPH BRANT 83
MILE-STONES OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY . 84
FAC-SIMILE OF WASHINGTON'S NOTE TO MRS. JAY 88
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF MRS. RUFUS KING 91
LIBERTY HALL, BIRTHPLACE OF MRS. JOHN JAY . 92
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF REV. JOHN LIVINGSTON 93
PORTRAIT OF JAMES KENT IN YOUTH . 95
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF MRS. ALEXANDER HAMILTON 96
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF EGBERT BENSON
97
FAC-SIMILE AUTOGRAPH ORDER OF MRS. JAMES ALEXANDER
98
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF REV. DR. JOHN RODGERS .
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF BISHOP SAMUEL PROVOOST 99
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF ELIAS BOUDINOT . 101
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF COLONEL JOHN BAYARD
103
PORTRAIT OF MRS. JAMES BEEKMAN .
104
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF SIR JOHN TEMPLE
106
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF LADY TEMPLE 107
PORTRAIT OF PHILIP LIVINGSTON 109
THE TEMPLE ARMS
110
66
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF MRS. STEPHEN VAN RENSSELAER 100
102
XV
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE.
RESIDENCE OF LORD STIRLING 111
AUTOGRAPH OF MRS. JOHN JAY 111
NEW-YORK NEAR THE CLOSE OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 113
VIEW ACROSS THE NORTH RIVER IN 1796 .
115
FAC-SIMILE OF ORDER SIGNED BY MAYOR VARICK
117
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF JAMES FAIRLIE
118
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF EDMOND C. GENET
121
PORTRAIT OF MME. EDMOND C. GENET 122
124
THE TEMPLE MONUMENT . STONE FOUND IN CITY HALL PARK 125
PORTRAIT OF MRS. WILLIAM JACKSON 131
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF MARY PHILIPSE MORRIS 134
AUTOGRAPH OF JAMES DE LANCEY
135
CATO'S HOUSE ON THE BOSTON ROAD
137
FAC-SIMILE NOTICE OF MEETING OF SOCIETY LIBRARY TRUSTEES 140
NEW-YORK SOCIETY LIBRARY, 1795
143
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF GENERAL MATTHEW CLARKSON 144 147
CORNER-STONE OF PARK THEATER
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF JOHN ADAMS
153
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF MRS. JOHN ADAMS 154
VIEW OF BEDFORD HOUSE
.
156
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF JAMES A. BAYARD 157
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF GENERAL MORGAN LEWIS 158
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF AARON BURR 159
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF THEODOSIA BURR 160
HAMILTON'S RESIDENCE, "THE GRANGE" 161
THE HAMILTON-BURR DUEL 163
RICHMOND HILL MANSION 164
HAMILTON'S TOMB IN TRINITY CHURCHYARD 165
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF GOVERNOR DANIEL D. TOMPKINS 167
NEW-YORK AT THE BEGINNING OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 169
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF REV. DR. JOHN H. LIVINGSTON 170
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF REV. DR. WILLIAM LINN 172
THE BAYARD COUNTRY HOUSE IN HARLEM 173
ST. JOHN'S CHURCH, VARICK STREET 174
175
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF SAMUEL BAYARD
179
NEW-YORK STAGE-COACH
180
THE HAMILTON MONUMENT .
182
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF ROBERT FULTON 185
186
THE STEAMER CLERMONT 187
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF DR. SAMUEL L. MITCHILL 189 THE CLERMONT 'FROM AN ADVERTISEMENT' 191 CLERMONT MANOR-HOUSE 192
FAC-SIMILE OF LETTER WRITTEN BY ROBERT FULTON
194
BROOKLYN FERRY TICKET
196
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF JACOB RADCLIFF 200
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF EDWARD LIVINGSTON
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF JOEL BARLOW
xvi
HISTORY OF NEW-YORK
PAGE.
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF DR. DAVID HOSACK 201
ST. JAMES CHURCH IN HAMILTON PARK, 1810 . 202
BROADWAY AT CANAL STREET, 1812 204
MAP OF THE " COMMON LANDS " BELONGING TO THE CITY . 205
THE CITY HALL IN THE PARK, 1812 207
FIRST FREE-SCHOOL BUILDING 209
THE RUTGERS MANSION . 210
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF WASHINGTON IRVING 211
COCKLOFT HALL AND SUMMER-HOUSE 212
FAC-SIMILE OF TITLE-PAGE OF "KNICKERBOCKER'S NEW-YORK" 213
FAC-SIMILE OF BILL FOR PASSAGE ON RIVER SLOOP 214
NEW-YORK COUNTY SEAL . 214
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF JAMES K. PAULDING 216
DE PEYSTER, ROOSEVELT, AND PELL ARMS 218
ESCAPE OF THE FRIGATE CONSTITUTION . 219
BIBLE UPON WHICH WASHINGTON WAS SWORN 220
PORTRAIT OF MRS. ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON 221
WASHINGTON'S WRITING-TABLE 223
THE LIVINGSTON HOUSE 224
GOLD RING CONTAINING WASHINGTON'S HAIR 225
MEMBER OF GENERAL ASSEMBLY'S ORDER FOR PAY 227
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF ALBERT GALLATIN 228
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF EBENEZER HAZARD 230
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF RICHARD BASSETT 232
FORTS FISH AND CLINTON, 1814 . 234
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF GENERAL JACOB MORTON 237
THE KISSING BRIDGE . 239
THE SMITH HOUSE, HAVERSTRAW 241
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF CAPTAIN ISAAC HULL 242
THE FRIGATE CONSTITUTION 243
BILLET-HEAD OF THE CONSTITUTION 244
" A WASP ON A FROLIC " 247
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF MAJOR WILLIAM JACKSON 248
TOWER AT HALLETT'S POINT 250
WASHINGTON HALL, BROADWAY 252
HENRY ECKFORD'S RESIDENCE 253
VIEW OF SPUYTEN DUYVIL 255
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF GEN. STEPHEN VAN RENSSELAER 256
FORT GANSEVOORT -" THE OLD WHITE FORT" 259 THE CLARKSON ARMS . 260
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF COLONEL WILLIAM S. SMITH 261
PORTRAIT OF ROBERT LIVINGSTON 263
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF COMMODORE STEPHEN DECATUR 264
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF GENERAL ALEXANDER MACOMB 265
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF LIEUTENANT WILLIAM H. ALLEN 266
WASHINGTON'S INAUGURAL CHAIR 269
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF COLONEL HENRY RUTGERS 271
TOMB OF CAPTAIN JAMES LAWRENCE 272
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
xvii
GOLD SNUFF-BOX PRESENTED TO JOHN JAY 274
PRESIDENT WASHINGTON'S DESK . 277
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF JAMES MADISON 278
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF MRS. JAMES MADISON 279
FULTON THE FIRST, STEAM WAR VESSEL .
280
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF COLONEL TOBIAS LEAR
282
FAC-SIMILE OF LIVINGSTON DEED 286
RESIDENCE OF THE AMERICAN COMMSSIONERS IN GHENT 289 NEW-YORK AND BROOKLYN FERRY COMMUTATION NOTICE 290
SEALS AND SIGNATURES OF AMERICAN PEACE COMMISSIONERS 291
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF CAPTAIN JAMES LAWRENCE
293
MORRIS, CHAUNCEY, AND LAWRENCE ARMS 294
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF JOHN STEVENS
295
MEDAL COMMEMORATING PEACE .
PORTRAIT OF MRS. JOHN MORTON 297
AUTOGRAPH OF MAYOR JOHN FERGUSON 298
VIEW OF MRS. MURRAY'S HOUSE, MURRAY HILL 299
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF LINDLEY MURRAY 300
THE VAN CORTLANDT SUGAR-HOUSE 301
THE SHAKESPEARE TAVERN .
302
SIGNATURE OF MRS. E. C. GENET 303
VIEW OF JERSEY CITY IN 1820 305
AUTOGRAPH OF MAYOR STEPHEN ALLEN 306
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF GENERAL JACOB BROWN 307
THE LAFAYETTE MEDAL
309
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF GENERAL JOHN ARMSTRONG
310
BAYARD PUNCH-BOWL
311
SNUFF-BOXES MADE FROM THE OAK OF THE CONSTITUTION
314
MURRAY STREET AND DR. MASON'S CHURCH IN 1822 .
317
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF MRS. DE WITT CLINTON
318
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF SAMUEL VERPLANCK 320
AUTOGRAPH OF CADWALLADER D. COLDEN . 321
NORTH END OF THE CITY HALL PARK, 1825 . 323
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF REV. DR. JOHN N. ABEEL 327
MANHATTAN RESERVOIR, CHAMBERS STREET 328
BATH TICKET, 1819 330
THE LEGGETT HOUSE 331
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF CAPTAIN PAUL JONES 332
ST. PETER'S CHURCH .
333
AUTOGRAPHS OF INVITED GUESTS, ERIE CANAL CELEBRATION 333
THE VERPLANCK HOUSE
335
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF GULIAN C. VERPLANCK . 336
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF PHILIP HONE 337
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF WALTER BOWNE 338
AUTOGRAPH OF GIDEON LEE
338
THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL
339
312
PROVOOST AND CHAPEL STREETS, 1826
315
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF JAMES TALLMADGE
296
PAGE.
xviii HISTORY OF NEW-YORK
PAGE.
THE VERPLANCK CREST 340
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF DR. JOHN W. FRANCIS 341
THE PROVOST JAIL 342
CHATEAU LA GRANGE 343
MASONIC HALL, 1830 . 345
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF REV. DR. WILLIAM BERRIAN 346
THE BRIDEWELL, CITY HALL PARK . 349
FAC-SIMILE OF SIGNATURES FROM ORDER OF THE CINCINNATI 350
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF JUDGE WILLIAM JAY . 351
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF RT. REV. BENJAMIN MOORE 353
THE NEW-YORK SOCIETY LIBRARY 354
CITY HOTEL, TRINITY CHURCH, AND GRACE CHURCH, 1831 355
RESIDENCE OF BISHOP MOORE 357
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF CHRISTOPHER COLLES 359
CONTOIT'S GARDEN, BROADWAY, 1830 360
THE CANDA MONUMENT 361
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF GENERAL WILLIAM J. WORTH 364
BUNKER'S MANSION HOUSE, BROADWAY 365
DUTCH CHURCH IN GARDEN STREET . 366
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF RT. REV. JOHN HENRY HOBART 368
THE BEVERLY ROBINSON HOUSE 369
AUTOGRAPH OF JOHN WILKES 370
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF SAMUEL JONES 371
AUTOGRAPH OF ELIZABETH IZARD 372
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF CHANCELLOR SAMUEL JONES 373
AUTOGRAPH OF P. G. STUYVESANT 374
THE BLEECKER ARMS 375
BROADWAY, EAST SIDE, BETWEEN GRAND AND HOWARD STREETS 376
AUTOGRAPH OF MAYOR AARON CLARK 377
AUTOGRAPH OF MAYOR ISAAC L. VARIAN 378
AUTOGRAPH OF MAYOR ROBERT H. MORRIS 378
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF JONATHAN I. CODDINGTON . 379
AUTOGRAPH OF MAYOR WILLIAM F. HAVEMEYER 380
AUTOGRAPH OF MAYOR ANDREW H. MICKLE . 380
THE FOULKE RESIDENCE 381
JOHN PINTARD BOOK-PLATE 382
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF DR. EBENEZER CROSBY 383
AUTOGRAPH OF WILLIAM B. CROSBY 384
ST. PATRICK'S CATHEDRAL, 1815 . 385
AUTOGRAPH OF RECORDER RICHARD RIKER 386
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF GOVERNOR WILLIAM C. BOUCK 387
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF JACOB HAYS 388
AUTOGRAPH OF ROBERT BENSON 389
L'ÉGLISE DU ST. ESPRIT 390
PORTRAIT OF MRS. HARRIET BAYARD VAN RENSSELAER 391
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, FORDHAM 392
AUTOGRAPH OF ARCHIBALD GRACIE 393
AUTOGRAPH OF CHARLES WILKES 394
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
xix
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF LAURA KEENE
PAGE.
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF ROBERT L. STEVENS 396
THE GARDINER ARMS 397
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF GOVERNOR DE WITT CLINTON 398
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF DAVID GARDINER 399
THE STURGIS ARMS
400
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF MRS. DE WITT CLINTON 401
CROTON WATER PROCESSION, 1842 402
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF HENRY C. MURPHY . 403
OPENING OF THE FOUNTAIN, CITY HALL PARK, 1842 404
MANHATTAN RESERVOIR, 1846 . 405
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF SAMUEL F. B. MORSE 406
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF ANDREW JACKSON
407
GENERAL WORTH'S RESIDENCE 408
PROPOSED WASHINGTON MONUMENT 409
CASTLE GARDEN AS IT APPEARED IN 1850 .
413
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF JAMES H. HACKETT 414 THE KIP ARMS 415
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF MATILDA HERON 417
418
BURNHAM'S HOTEL 419
420
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF GOVERNOR JOHN YOUNG
421
THE JAY ARMS
422
THE CLIPPER SHIP DREADNAUGHT 423
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF JOHN C. STEVENS
424
THE YACHT AMERICA, WINNER OF THE QUEEN'S CUP
425
THE AMERICA'S CUP
426
THE AMERICAN YOUTH AND MASTER JOHNNY
427
SUNNYSIDE, IRVING'S RESIDENCE 428
AUTOGRAPH OF MAYOR JAMES HARPER . 429
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF JOHN J. AUDUBON
430
AUDUBON'S RESIDENCE . 431
ST. JAMES LUTHERAN CHURCH 432
AUTOGRAPH OF MAYOR JACOB A. WESTERVELT 433
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF ANNA CORA MOWATT 434
AUTOGRAPH OF JOHN JACOB ASTOR . 435
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF CHARLES ASTOR BRISTED 436
FONT HILL, FORREST'S CASTLE 437
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF REV. DR. WILLIAM A. MUHLENBERG . 439
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF JENNY LIND 440
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF KOSSUTH 441
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF HENRY GRINNELL 443
THE NEW-YORK CRYSTAL PALACE 444
SOLDIERS' MONUMENT IN TRINITY CHURCHYARD 445
LA GRANGE TERRACE, OR COLONNADE ROW, IN LAFAYETTE PLACE 446
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF JAMES W. BEEKMAN 448
THE MADISON SQUARE COTTAGE 449
AUTOGRAPH OF MAYOR CALEB S. WOODHULL
AUTOGRAPH OF MAYOR AMBROSE C. KINGSLAND
395
XX
HISTORY OF NEW-YORK
PAGE.
FAYETTE STREET BAPTIST CHURCH 451
ELIAS BOUDINOT BOOK-PLATE . 453
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF JOHN JAY 454
THE OLD PARK THEATER 457
AUTOGRAPH OF MAYOR FERNANDO WOOD 458
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF EDGAR A. POE 459
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF CHARLES FENNO HOFFMAN 460
AUTOGRAPH OF MAYOR DANIEL F. TIEMANN . 462
THE WASHINGTON CHAIR . 463
THE PIERREPONT ARMS 465
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF CYRUS W. FIELD 466
SECOND JOHN STREET METHODIST CHURCH 468
THE RUTHERFORD ARMS 469
THE STEAMSHIP GREAT EASTERN 471
CASTLE POINT, THE RESIDENCE OF MRS. STEVENS 472
ENTRANCE TO CASTLE POINT 473
THE SCHIEFFELIN ARMS 474
VIEW NEAR FORTY-SECOND STREET 475
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF WILLIAM H. SEWARD 476
THE GALLATIN ARMS 477
AUTOGRAPH OF WM. F. BRADY 477
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF CHARLES O'CONOR 479
FAC-SIMILE OF GENERAL DIX'S CELEBRATED DESPATCH 481
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF GENERAL WINFIELD SCOTT 482
FAC-SIMILE OF MAJOR ANDERSON'S DESPATCH 485
ALEXANDER T. STEWART'S RESIDENCE . 486
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF MRS. JOHN TYLER 489
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF ADMIRAL JOHN L. WORDEN 492
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF MRS. BOTTA 495
VIEW OF FORT LAFAYETTE, 1861-65 498
AUTOGRAPH OF MAYOR GEORGE OPDYKE
503
THE OLD BRICK CHURCH . 505
SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MEMORIAL ARCH
508
AUTOGRAPH OF ULYSSES HIRAM GRANT
509
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF PRESTON KING
510
AUTOGRAPH OF MAYOR C. GODFREY GUNTHER 511
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF MRS. CAROLINE M. KIRKLAND 512
SHERIDAN AT WINCHESTER . 513
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF DR. PETER WILSON 519
VAUXHALL GARDEN 520
THE TONTINE COFFEE HOUSE . 522
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF DANIEL EMBURY 523
THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF DESIGN 525
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF MRS. DANIEL WEBSTER 526 TERRACE AND LAKE, CENTRAL PARK 529
CHURCH OF THE NEW JERUSALEM . 530
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF HORACE GREELEY 531
THE FEMALE NORMAL COLLEGE 532
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
xxi
AUTOGRAPH OF JOHN T. HOFFMAN
535
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF HENRY BERGH 536
AUTOGRAPH OF THOMAS COMAN 537
COLLEGIATE REFORMED CHURCH
538
BRIDGE AND LAKE, CENTRAL PARK
539
AUTOGRAPH OF MAYOR A. OAKEY HALL 541
ARSENAL AND MENAGERIE, CENTRAL PARK 542
BROADWAY, NORTH FROM POST-OFFICE 545
NEW-YORK COUNTY COURT-HOUSE 546
THE MALL, CENTRAL PARK .
547
BROADWAY, NORTH FROM LEONARD STREET 551
THE LOVERS' WALK, CENTRAL PARK 552
THE NEW-YORK POST-OFFICE 555
" WHAT ARE YOU LAUGHING AT?" (THE TWEED RING)
558
"TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN" (THE TWEED RING)
563
AUTOGRAPH OF MAYOR WILLIAM H. WICKHAM 565
LIBERTY ENLIGHTENING THE WORLD 566
AUTOGRAPH OF MAYOR SMITH ELY, JR. 567
NEW-YORK DOCKS, EAST RIVER 569
THE EAST RIVER BRIDGE
571
THE EAST RIVER AND NEW-YORK BAY, FROM THE BRIDGE .
572
THE VERPLANCK HOUSE, 1892 574
HELL GATE .- EXCAVATIONS AT HALLETT'S POINT 575
HELL GATE .- BLOWING UP HALLETT'S POINT ROCKS . 576
THE HARLEM RIVER IMPROVEMENTS, NORTHWEST FROM KINGSBRIDGE ROAD 577
THE HARLEM RIVER IMPROVEMENTS, WEST FROM KINGSBRIDGE ROAD . 578
THE VANDERBILT RESIDENCES 579
NEW-YORK BAY, BATTERY PARK, AND GOVERNOR'S ISLAND 580
AUTOGRAPH OF MAYOR EDWARD COOPER 580
HIGH BRIDGE AND WASHINGTON BRIDGE
581
CATHEDRAL OF ST. JOHN THE DIVINE
583
THE BOWERY, NORTH FROM GRAND STREET
ELECTRIC SUBWAY MAN-HOLE 586
WASHINGTON BUILDING AND PRODUCE EXCHANGE 587
WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ARCH
588
COLUMBUS MONUMENT
590
THE COLUMBIAN CELEBRATION MEDAL .
593
ST. JAMES CHURCH .
594
AUTOGRAPH OF MAYOR ABRAM S. HEWITT 595
FOURTEENTH STREET, WEST FROM UNION SQUARE 596
MADISON SQUARE GARDEN 597
"TIMES," "TRIBUNE," "SUN," AND "WORLD" BUILDINGS, PARK ROW .
598
THE TERRACE, CENTRAL PARK
599
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF REV. THOMAS E. VERMILYE
600
PARK AVENUE, NORTH FROM THIRTY-FOURTH STREET
601
AUTOGRAPH OF MAYOR FRANKLIN EDSON
602
584
585
AUTOGRAPH OF MAYOR WILLIAM R. GRACE
PAGE.
xxii
HISTORY OF NEW-YORK
PAGE.
UNITED STATES CRUISER NEW-YORK
603
THE BATTERY, 1892 604
THE BOWLING GREEN, 1892 605
AUTOGRAPH OF MAYOR HUGH J. GRANT 606
WALL STREET IN 1892
607
THE POST-OFFICE AND PARK .
608
THE AUDUBON MONUMENT
609
AUTOGRAPH OF MAYOR THOMAS F. GILROY
610
TOMB OF GENERAL GRANT
613
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF SMITH THOMPSON 617
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF ANDREW KIRKPATRICK 622
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF WILLIAM PATERSON
627
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF BENJAMIN F. BUTLER
630
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF JOSIAH OGDEN HOFFMAN 633
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF SAMUEL J. TILDEN . 642
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF WILLIAM M. EVARTS . 647
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF ROSCOE CONKLING 651
PORTRAIT OF THOMAS J. OAKLEY . 654
PORTRAIT AND AUTOGRAPH OF DAVID DUDLEY FIELD
657
CHAPTER I
NEW-YORK CITY UNDER AMERICAN CONTROL: FROM THE CONFEDERATION TO THE CONSTITUTION 1783-1789
PON the evacuation of New-York by the British forces, November 25, 1783, the city entered upon the third and modern period of its history. Successively Dutch and English, it was now to put on its distinctively American exterior, and shape its course along new lines defined by new condi- tions. Not all the original features, however, were to disappear. Ele- ments of the old stock survived, and fundamental characteristics left their traces. If, politically, the transitions from one power to another have been violent, socially, and to a greater extent institutionally, a certain continuity has been preserved. Derived from a common Teu- tonic ancestry, each group of inhabitants has perpetuated its predeces- sor in whole or in part, while each change has effected little more than to introduce or evolve a new phase of Teutonic life. The quiet in- vasion of the city in later days, under the guise of a vast immigration from the Old World, encouraged by the opportunity and responding to the spirit of the age, has fastened a cosmopolitan character upon us; but the family identity is retained. Cosmopolitan New-York con- tinues, by absorption, to be essentially American. It is marked, un- mistakably, by the inherited brand.
In the development of events interest attaches to what appear to be beginnings - to the new order of things. One may sometimes see inspiration at work here. As against the hardships, struggles, distrac- tions, and quarrels inevitable in the changes and movements of com- munities, the underlying resolution and confidence are bound to assert themselves; and these attract. The first years of the city's American career are an illustration; discouragement and comparatively slow advance will be succeeded by great strides forward. In 1784 the " plant " consisted of a partially ruined town, straitened resources, an unsettled foreign trade, debts, and hampered enterprises. In 1789 the city was on its feet and conscious of future unlimited expansion. VOL. III .- 1. -
2
HISTORY OF NEW-YORK
The work in hand for this initial period was not so much a work of reconstruction as one of restoration-restoration under a new impulse. We can follow the process and appreciate the results. First of all, the population,- who were the first American New-Yorkers, what their numbers, affiliations, quality, sympathies ? Then the municipal gov- ernment-its reestablishment, the extent and source of its powers, its new personnel, its agency in lifting the city out of the depths. Then all the activities - OF THE the revival of trade and manufactures, the growth of industries, the status of the pro- Y NEW YORK fessions, education, religion, societies, and the general life of the city. And finally, the local politics of the time, and the larger ques- tion of a national constitution, with the influ- GREAT SEAL ence which the metropolis will have in secur- ing the adoption of that famous instrument. GREAT SEAL OF NEW-YORK. By following out these lines, the old city of a century ago will come into view, in perspective at least, as the new growth of that day and the true foundation of modern New-York. It was the latest prototype of what is, and so far its history becomes a piece of domestic reminiscence.
How far did the Revolutionary war affect the number and composi- tion of the city's population ? That it suffered a material loss, and a loss mainly on the side of the original patrician stock, is a well-known fact. The population of 1784 and after was less old English and Dutch than it had been in 1775. While the middle, industrial classes changed to a certain extent, the decrease was felt most sensibly among the conservative, loyalist, highly respectable, and what may be called the churchly families of the city. In the rush of the new life that set in after the first interval of depression, the population assumed more of the "young American " character, with its nervous activity and practical bent, and rapidly pushed the city along toward its destined preeminence.
The change dates from the summer of 1776, when military opera- tions opened in this vicinity. New-York then contained a population of some twenty-five thousand souls - the streets lined with about thirty-five hundred houses. The exodus began with the arrival of the enemy in June. Those who had homes or friends in other places, and the more timid element generally, left before the battle of Long Island in August. That disaster rendered New-York untenable, and by the time of the American retreat, on September 15, more than seven eighths of the residents had abandoned the city. The number ac- knowledging allegiance to Great Britain in October following was about nine hundred, which presumably included the greater portion
3
NEW-YORK CITY UNDER AMERICAN CONTROL
of the male inhabitants who remained with the enemy. From this date the successes of the latter, followed by reaction of sentiment in this neighborhood, and the constant expulsion of disaffected persons from the American lines, gradually set the flow of population back again to the city. Of the old population, however, it is improbable that a large proportion returned. The new element was conspicuously a refugee element-loyalists of all classes, the wealthy especially, who had been forced from all parts of the country to seek British military protection in New-York. They came from New England, from the towns on the Hudson, from the Middle States, and from the South. There were "Jersey refugees," and "Maryland refugees," and "Carolina refugees," occupying vacant Whig houses or living like squatters in and about the town. In February, 1777, Governor Tryon could report that the number of men subscribing to the oath of allegiance had risen to three thousand, with scarcely a hundred remaining who had not taken it. The evacuation of Phila- delphia in the following year, and repeated accessions, swelled the list until, in 1780, the number of volun- teers between seventeen and sixty years of age, enrolled in the city companies during the alarm of that RED JACKET. winter, was five thousand five hundred. The increase continued, and · at the cessation of hostilities in 1782 the British were burdened in New-York with a sympathetic and largely dependent population of about thirty thousand men, women, and children, one quarter of whom may have been residents in 1775. Among these were many British merchants and sutlers who had come from England and settled in the city in the expectation of realizing large profits and monopolizing the import trade on the return of peace.
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