USA > New York > Albany County > Albany > The annals of Albany, Vol. I > Part 37
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Albany has a Globe Manufactory, entitled to distinguished notice, and a Lyceum of Natural History, recently established, for which it has a room in the Academy. The actual distance between Albany and New York, by land, is only 144 miles, and perhaps no more measured on the ice, but the sloop channel may still be safely reckoned, as formerly, at 160 miles, or very nearly. This city pays annually $500 towards the support of the Lancaster School, which also receives $676 from the school fund, and collects about $250 a year for tuition money. The annual expense of this very excellent school, is about $1400, and the number of scholars 600 to 800. It was founded during the mayoralty, and by the exertions of the late Mayor. P. S. Van Rensselaer, a good deed for the people, by a man of good deeds.
Population, in 1820, including the annexation from the late town of Colonie, 12,630: of this number, there were employed in agriculture, 75; in commerce and trade, 468; in manufactures and trades, 909; 238 foreigners not naturalized ; 643 free blacks, 109 slaves ; taxable property, $3,970,070 ; schools, 1, the Lancaster school receiving all the public moneys, an excellent plan, for populous towns ; public moneys received in 1821, $1.401 93, the school being kept twelve months in twelve ; num- ber of children therein, in 1821, 685: electors, 2,357; acres of improved land, occupied, 1.515; number of cattle, 654; horses, 653; sheep, 272 : yards of cloth made in families. in 1821, 1,023 : 1 distillery. Albany has no water-power for hydraulic works.
The first settlement of this city was made by some Hollanders about 1612, and next to Jamestown in Virginia, it is the oldest settlement in the United States. In 1614, a temporary fort was erected. Fort Orange was built about 1623. Albany received its charter in 1686. And it is worthy of remark that this city was enclosed by stockade de- fence against the Indians about 1745, when there were six block-houses erected, the last of which with the last remaining vestige of that work, was destroyed by fire in the summer of 1812.
313
Distances of the County Towns from Albany.
Albany is situated in north latitude 42º 39', and 73º 13' west longitude, from the Royal Observatory of Englaad. Distances from Albany: to the city of New York, 144 miles; Philadelphia, 234; Washington city, 373 ; Boston, 171 ; Hartford, 92; Quebec, 394; Montreal, 247 ; Buffalo, by Utica, hy land, 296; via Cherry-Valley, 282; by the Canal 360; to Detroit, 664-
The eastern section of the Erie Canal was completed, opened for navigation, when boats descended to the Hudson at Albany, and the great festival was held, Oct. 8. 1823. This completes the line of Canal navigation from Albany to Rochester. It was a great day, celebrated with great pomp, a grand display of all sorts of pride and ceremonies, attended, probably. by 30.000 people. The Champlain Canal was com- pleted September 10, 1823.
DISTANCES OF THE COUNTY TOWNS FROM ALBANY.
County.
County Seat. Disı.
County.
County Seat. Dist
Allegany,
Angelica.
. 2501 Ontario,
· Canandaigua.
.195
Broome, . Binghamton, 145
Orange,
Gosl en.
105
Cattaraugus,
Ellicottville, 292;
Newl urgh, S 84
Cayuga.
. Auburn.
169 Orleans,
Albien, 257
Chautauque.
Mayville, .336
Oswego,
Pulaski, .153
Chenango,
. Norwich.
110 Otsego.
Cooperstown, 69
Cortland.
· Cortland,
140 Rensselaer,
Troy,
6
Delaware,
. Delhi.
77 Richmond,
· Richmond, 161
129
Erie,
· Buffalo.
.284 St. Lawrence,
. Canton,
Ballston Spa, 26
Franklin, . Malone,
212 Schenectady.
· Schenectady, 15
Fulton,
Johnstown,
45, Schoharie,
Schoharie. .. 22
Ovid, 189
Greene,
. Catskill.
371
Waterloo. ·164
Hamilton,
· Lake Pleasant,
72 Stenben,
Bath,
216
Herkimer, Herkimer,
80|Sufolk.
. River Head, 235
Jefferson,
Watertown.
. 164 jSullivan,
· Monticello, 110
Kings, . Brooklyn.
. 149; Tioga,
Owego, 167
Lewis.
· Martinsburgh.
. 134, Tompkins.
Tihaca, 163
55
Madison,
· Morrisville,
. 102 Warren,
Caldwell.
62
Monroe ..
. Rochester. 211
Washington
Salem.
47
New- York New- York, 144
Wayne,
. I.yous.
181
Niagara,
· Lockport 277
Westcheste
White Plains, 129
Oneida,
Whitestown, 97
Wyoming,
. Warsaw, 251
Onondaga, Syracuse; .133| Yates, .
· Penn-Yan, 192
Chemung.
. Elmira,
198
Clinton,
· Plattsburgh. . Hudson.
164 Pumam,
· Carmel
100
Columbia,
29 Queens. · Hempstead C H. .. 172
Dutchess,
· Poughkeepsie,
75 Rockland.
New City, .223
Essex. . Elizabethtown,
126 Saratoga.
Genesee,
· Batavia,
249!
Seneca,
Sandy Hill.
50
Montgomery,
· Fonda. 47
Livingston,
Geneseo, .23" TTIster.
Kingston.
Bedford. 125
Rome. 176
Oswego. { .167
314
Dr. Morse's Description of Albany in 1789.
DR. MORSE'S DESCRIPTION OF ALBANY IN 1789.
The following extract from Morse's American Geography will serve to correct a very common error in relation to the singular position in which the reverend doctor is said to have placed the citizens of Albany in regard to the streets! It is extracted from the original edition, pub- lished in 1789, a copy of which we happen to possess. This edition is now so rare, that it was with great difficulty a copy could be procured, two or three years ago, for the British Museum. It will be seen that the people, as well as the houses, are placed in a true and proper posi- tion. as far as their standing is concerned, and the doctor's English will be vindicated.
The city of Albany is situated upon the west side of Hudson's river, 160 miles north of the city of New York, in latitude 420, 36', and is by charter one mile upon the river, and 16 miles back. It contains about 600 houses, built mostly by trading p ople on the margin of the river. The houses stand chiefly upon Pearl, Market and Water streets, and six other streets or lanes which cross them nearly at right angles. They are built in the old Dutch Gothic stile, with the gable end to the street, which custom the first settlers brought with them from Holland. The gable end is commonly of brick, with theheavy moulded ornament of slan- ling with notches, like stairs, and an iron horse. for a weather cock, on the top. There is one little appendage to their houses, which the peo- ple, blind to the inconvenience of it, still continue, and that is the water gutters or spouts which project from every honse, rendering it almost dangerous to walk the streets in a rainy day. Their houses are seldom more than one story and an half high, and have but little convenience, and less elegance ; but they are kept very neat, being rubbed with a mop almost every day, and scoured every week. The same neatness, however, is not observed in the streets, which are very muddy most of the year, except those which are paved ; and these are seldom swept anl very rough.
The city of Albany contains about 4000 inhabitants, collected from almost all parts of the northern world. As great a variety of languages are spoken in Albany, as in any town in the United States. Adventu- rers, in pursuit of wealth, are led here by the advantages for trade which this place affords. Situated on one of the finest rivers in the world, at the head of sloop navigation, surrounded with a rich and extensive back country, and the store house of the trade to and from Canada. and the Lakes. it must flourish, and the inhabitants cannot but grow rich. Hudson, however, is their rival. Other rivals may spring np.
Albany is said to be an unsociable place. This is naturally to be ex- pected. A heterogeneous collection of people, invested with all their national prejudices, eager in the pursut of gain, and jealous of a rivalship, can not expect to enjoy the pleasures of social intercourse or the sweets of an intimate and refined friendship.
A gentleman of observation and discernment, who resided some time in Albany has made the following observations, which, though of gene- ral application, I bog leave to introduce onder this particular head.
To form a just idea of the manners and customs of the inhabitants, we must confine ourselves to the Dutch, who being much the most nu. merous, give the tone to the manners of the place. Two things unite
315
Dr. Morse's Description of Albany in 1789.
more particularly to render these disagreeable to foreigners ; first, a natural prejudice which we all possess in favor of our own, and against the manners of another place or nation : secondly, their close union, like the Jews of old, to prevent the innovation of foreigners, and to keep the balance of interest always in their own hands.
It is an unhappy circumstance when an infant nation adopt the vices, luxuries and manners of an old one ; but this was in a great measure the case with the first settlers of Albany, most of whom were immedi- ately from Amsterdam. Their diversions are walking and sitting in mead-houses, and in mixed companies they dance. They know nothing of the little plays and amusements common to small social circles. The gentlemen who are lively and gay, play at cards, billiards, chess, &c., others go to the tavern, mechanically, at 11 o'clock-stay until dinner, and return in the evening. It is not uncommon to see forty or fifty at these places of resort, at the same time ; yet they seldom drink to intox- ication, unless in company, or on public occasions, when it is thought to be no disgrace.
They seldom admit many spectators to their marriages ; but the day after, the groom prepares a cold collation, with punchi, wine, &c. to par- take of which, he expects all his friends will come, at 11 o'clock with- out any invitation. A dictator, with absolute power, is then appointed to preside at each table, or in each room, and it seldom happens that any are suffered to leave the house, until the whole circle exhibits a shocking specimen of human depravity.
Their funeral ceremonies are equally singular. None attend them without a previous invitation. At the appointed hour they meet at the neighboring houses or stoops, until the corpse is brought out. Ten or twelve persons are appointed to take the bier all together, and are not relieved. The clerk then desires the gentlemen (for ladies never walk to the grave, nor even attend the funeral, unless of a near relation) to fall into the procession. They go to the grave, and return to the house of mourning in the same order. Here the tables are handsomely set and furnished with cold and spiced wine, tobacco and pipes, and candles, paper, &c. to light them. The conversation turns upon promiscuous subjects, however inproper, and unsuitable to the solemnity of the occasion, and the house of mourning is soon converted into a house of feasting.
The best families live extremely well, enjoying all the conveniencies and luxuries of life; but the poor have scarcely the necessaries for subsistence.
The ground covered by this city charter, is of a thin, poor soil. In the river before the city is a beautiful little island, which, were it properly cultivated. would afford a faint resemblance of Paradise.
The well-water in the city is extremely bad, scarcely drinkable by those who are not accustomed to it. Indeed all the water for cooking is brought from the river, and many families use it to drink. The water In the wells, if Kalm was well informed, is unwholsome, being full of little insects, resembling, except in size, those which we frequently see in stagnated rain water.
The public buildings are a Low Dutch church, one for Presbyterians, one for Germans or High Dutch, one for Episcopalians-a hospital and the City Hall.
Dr. Morse's Description of Albany in 1796.
ALBANY IN 1796.
In the edition of 1796, the notice of Albany was somewhat varied, as follows :
Many new houses have lately been built in this city, all in the modern style, the inhabitants are paving the streets in the New York plan, with foot-ways, and making other improvements.
The city of Albany contains about twelve or fourteen hundred houses, and 5000 inhabitants, collected from various parts. As great a variety of languages are spoken in Albany. as in any town in the United States, but the English predominates. and the use of every other is constantly lessening. Adventurers, in pursuit of wealth, are led here by the ad- vantages for trade which this place affords.
Albany is unrivalled in its situation. Itstands on the bank of one of the finest rivers in the world, at the liead of sloop navigation. It enjoys a salubrious air, as is evinced by the longevity of its inhabitants. It is the natural emporium of the increasing trade of a large extent of coun- try west and north ; a country of an excellent soil, abounding in every article for the West India market ; plentifully watered with navigable lakes. creeks and rivers ; as yet only partially peopled, but settling with almost unexampled rapidity, and capable of affording subsistence and affluence to millions of inhabitants. No part of America affords a more elligible opening for emigrants than this. And when the contemplated locks and canals are completed, and convenient roads opened into every part of the country, all which will, it is expected. be accomplished in a few years, Albany will proably increase and flourish beyond almost every other city or town in the United States. The trade of Albany, indeed, already increases with great rapidity. They sensibly feel the good effects of establishments made immediately after the peace. These effects will multiply when the immense quantities of produce which are now sold to supply the multitudes of new settlers, (who will soon be able to supply themselves) shall be diverted from these channels and sent to Albany.
The well water in the city is extremely bad, scarcely drinkable by those who are not accustomed to it. It oozes through a stiff blue clay, and it imbibes in its passage, the fine particles common to that kind of soil. This discolors it, and when exposed any length of time to the air, it acquires a disagreeable taste. Indeed all the water for cooking is brought from the river, and many families use it to drink. But the inhabitants are about to remedy this inconvenience by constructing water- works, to convey good water into the city.
At Bath, opposite this city, a large, neatly finished, and ingeniously constructed bathing-house has lately been erected, divided into four apartments in which the visitants may be accommodated at pleasure, with a warm, cold, or shower bath, only by the turning of a cock.
The public buildings are a Low Dutch church, one for Presbyterians, one for Germans or High Dutch, one for Episcopalians, a hospital, the city hall, a handsome brick goal, and the city hotel-
A bank was established here in 1794.
317
Corporations and Associations.
1
CORPORATIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS.
Such societies and institutions as have changed their officers since the elections recorded on pages 39 to 42, are inserted again.
ALBANY EXCHANGE BANK .- Since the demise of the late president, a change has taken place in the directory. Election Sept. 4, 1849.
John M. Newton, Ichabod L. Judson, John Taylor, James McNaugh- ton, Samuel Pruyn, Lansing G. Taylor, Chauncey P. Williams, Samuel Stevens, George W. Stanton jr., William McElroy, Oliver Steele, Gaylor Sheldon, Frederick J. Barnard, Thomas L. Greene, Christopher W. Bender.
At a subsequent meeting of the Board of Directors, Samuel Pruyn was reelected president, and I. L. Judson vice-president.
ALBANY CITY BANK .- On the 12th June, the following gentlemen were elected directors of this bank:
Erastus Corning, Peter Wendell*, John Knower, Watts Sherman, Ellis Baker, Bradford R. Wood, William Seymour, J. V. L. Pruyn, William Smith, William Humphrey, Eli Perry, David H. Cary, Henry H. Martin.
Inspectors of the next election-Hiram Perry, John I. Burton, Robert Thompson.
BANK OF ALBANY .- The following gentlemen were elected directors of the bank on the 8th May :
Jacob H. Ten Eyck, Teunis Van Vechten, William Walsh, Andrew D. Lansing, Benjamin Tibbitts, Herman Pumpelly, David Newland, John Van Zandt, Jellis Winne jr .* , Henry Bleecker, James A. Wilson, Duncan McMartin, Daniel Cady.
Inspectors of election - Herman Ten Eyck, Christopher Y. Lansing, Richard Van Rensselaer. E. E. Kendrick, cashier.
COMMERCIAL BANK OF ALBANY .- The directory of this bank consists of the following persons :
John Townsend, John L. Schoolcraft, John Gott, Giles Sanford, James D. Wasson, Robert H. Pruyn, Andrew White, Anthony M. Strong, Anthony Gould, Visscher Ten Eyck, John D. Hewson, Alexander Davidson, John B. James.
Inspectors of the next election - John I. Boyd, John M. Newton, Charles B. Lansing.
MECHANICS' AND FARMERS' BANK. - The following gentlemen were unanimously elected directors of this bank :.
Thomas W. Olcott, Samuel S. Fowler, Friend Humphrey, Thomas Hillhouse, Robert Shepherd, Lemuel Steele, Robert Dunlop, James Kidd, William W. Forsyth, James B. Jermain, Hugh Humphrey, Henry A. Newman, William H. Dewitt. The last named is in the place of Harmanus Bleecker*, who, from ill health, declined a reelection.
* Since deceased.
28
318
Corporations and Associations.
ALBANY BURGESSES CORPS .- On the 9th October last, the following were elected officers for the ensuing year :
Franklin Townsend, captain; Justus W. Blanchard, first lieutenant ; Hale Kingsley, second lieutenant; J. Baldwin, third lieutenant ; James Easterly, orderly sergeant ; Harvey Tuton, second sergeant; William Burge-s, third sergeant ; Samuel Wilkins, fourth sergeant.
Staff Officers -L. Benedict jr., quartermaster ; W. J. Thomas, pay- master ; J. F. Schultz, surgeon ; William Davis, chaplain ; William H. Low, president; R. S. Handee, vice-president ; Jacob C. Cnyler, secre- tary ; Stephen W. Whitney, assistant secretary ; John V. S. Visscher, armorer.
ALBANY CITY MISSIONARY SOCIETY. - The following statistics are gathered from the annual report of the agent, Rev. Mr. Rawson, of his operations for the year ending May, 1849 :
76 visits to the almshouse; reading the scriptures, &c. 133 times in different rooms.
35 to sabbath and day schools.
102 to the jail.
136 to the penitentiary.
257 to hotels and porter houses.
56 to sick and other families.
102 to shops and livery stables.
57 bibles and 31 testaments have been distributed.
200 copies of Edwards's Sabbath and Temperance Manual.
11 funerals attended.
69395 pages of tracts distributed.
And there have been several hopeful conversions, and a number of backsliders reclaimed.
ALBANY COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY. - At the annual meeting of the society, held at the City Hall, November 13, the following officers were elected :
James McNaughton, president, John Swinburne, vice-president; Ben- jamin A. Sheldon, secretary ; J. B. Rossman, treasurer ; C. C. Griffen, librarian.
Censors - P. McNaughton, J. H. Case, Howard Townsend, N. G. Bigelow and D. R. Burris.
YOUNG MEN'S ASSOCIATION .- The election for officers of this institu- tion took place Feb. 9. The canvass was conducted with much spirit, but in a friendly manner. The whole number of votes taken was 696. This is, with one exception, the largest vote ever taken at an election. The following persons were elected :
William Dey Ermand, president; Rufus G. Beardsley, first vice pre- sident ; Edward C. C. Batchelder. second vice president ; William B. Sprague, third vice president ; Richard H. Northrop, corresponding se- cretary ; James T. Stevenson, recording secretary ; James 1. Johnson, treasurer; W. F. Phelps, George C. Lee, James A. Pratt. John N. Cutler, C. D Rathbone, William D). Morange, Joseph A. Wells, A. L. Winne, R. Higgins, L. S. Hammond, managers.
Debating Society-William H. Greene, president ; D. W. C. DeForest, first vice- president ; James Martin, 2d do .; W. R. Thomas, secretary.
319
Corporations and Associations.
ALBANY FIRE DEPARTMENT .- The several fire companies met by their delegates (two from each company), on the 10th January, and elected their officers, viz :
Samuel N. Payne, president ; Baltus Prime, vice president ; Visscher Ten Eyck, treasurer ; Hale Kingsley, secretary ; John Morrison, collec- . tor. James M. Whyte and Daniel D. T. Charles were chosen trustees for the term of three years.
FIRE POLICE .- The Common Council appointed the following gentle- men to the fire police, under the law of 1849 :
Jolin Osborn, captain ; Abraham Herrick, Jeremiah Baldwin, Terence Leddy, first ward; William H Linberger, Richard Dowd, Alexander Waters, second ward ; John W. Brasier. John P. Buss, William Van Vleeck, third ward; Augustus Prime, John Jerroloman, fourth ward; James Hart, Witham Lockerty, fifth ward; John Mills jr., Russel N. Hamlin, R J. Patten, sixth ward ; Edward Scully, Patrick Ledwick, Adrian J. Cox, seventh ward ; Theo. Carman, William McLaughlin, Henry Teater, eighth ward ; Henry Simmons, ninth ward; George C, Scott, William White, Jolin Stackpole, tenth ward.
ENGINE COMPANY NO. 4. - At the annual meeting of this company, Nov. 13, the following officers were elected for the ensuing year :
John B. Stonehouse, foreman ; Michael Reardon, assistant foreman ; Andrew McFarlane, clerk; Andrew Peterson, steward; Frederick New- dorf, treasurer.
MOUNTAINEER ENGINE COMPANY NO. 5 - At the annual meeting of the company, Nov. 13, the following officers were elected :
Charles E Phelps, foreman ; Ariel Lathrop, first assistant foreman ; Jacob Rapp, second assistant foreman ; William N. Graham, clerk ; George B. Wadleigh, treasurer ; Gerrit Lansing, steward.
Delegates to the Fire Department - William J. Packard and George B. Wadleigh.
ENGINE COMPANY No. 7. - At the annual meeting of the company, Nov. 13, the following officers were elected for the ensuing year :
J. Tremper, foreman ; 1. Jones, first a sistant foreman; P. Philips, second assistant foreman ; H. M. Bundy, clerk ; William Kingsbury, treasurer ; R Bygat, steward.
DANIEL D. TOMPKINS ENGINE COMPANY NO. S .- At the annual meet- ing of this company, Nov. 13, the following officers were elected for the ensuing year :
William T. Johnston, foreman ; John McBride, assistant foreman ; F. C. Feeney, second assistant foreman ; Jerome Terry, clerk ; Samuel Templeton, treasurer ; Robert Bradwell, steward.
Delegates to the Fire Department - S. Templeton and J. McBride.
JOHN RODGERS'S ENGINE COMPANY NO. 12 .- At the annual meeting of this company, Nov. 13, the following officers were elected for the year ensuing :
Baltus Prime, foreman ; Thomas Kearney, first assistant ; George W. Baker, second assistant; James Buchanan, clerk ; Thomas O'Hagan, steward; Matthew Morrison, treasurer.
320
Corporations and Associations.
HIBERNIAN PROVIDENT SOCIETY .- At the annual election of officers of the Hibernian Provident Society, on the 6th March, the following persons were elected :
Patrick Grady, president ; James Rogan, first vice-president; John Seary, second vice president ; John Daly, recording secretary ; John Donohoe, corresponding secretary ; Richard Brown, treasurer ; John Higgins, John Purcell, Edward Donohoe, Patrick Murray, Patrick Flynn, Thomas Kelly, Michael McCormick, executive committee ; Patrick Powers, Joseph Clinton, Henry Dermody, finance committee ; Nicholas Markey, physician,
MECHANICS' BENEFIT SOCIETY .- The following officers were elected for the ensuing year, on Monday, August 6th :
W. A. Carr, president ; H. E. Brower, first vice-president; S. G. Mink, second vice-president ; J. A. Buckbee, treasurer ; R. S. Cushman, secretary ; S. L. Hodgkins, assistant secretary ; J. W. Hinckley, phy- sician.
Stewards - Henry F. Near, first ward; Michael Delehanty, second ward; L. G. Hoffman, third ward ; Jesse P. Wilson, fourth ward; W. A. Rice, fifth ward ; John Vosburgh, sixth ward; James W. Parsons, seventh ward; Oliver Houll, eighth ward; Ed. C. Batcheldor, ninth ward; Paul Cushman, tenth ward.
BOARD OF TRADE -At an election of the Board of Trade, held on the sixth February last, the following gentlemen were unanimously elected officers for the ensuing year :
Arthur H. Root, president; David H. Cary, first vice-president ; Era- stus S. Prosser, second vice-president ; James T. Stephenson, secretary ; George M. Sayles, treasurer ; Oliver G. Terry, Samuel Cary, Charles W. Durant, Lewis E. Evans, Lucian M. Gilbert, reference committee.
Inspectors of election- Charles T. Smyth, Horace Averill.
ALBANY EXCHANGE COMPANY .- At an election held January 8th, the following gentlemen were elected directors of this company for the en- suing year :
John Townsend, Samuel Stevens, Friend Humphrey, Rufus H. King, Andrew White, John Q. Wilson, James McNaughton.
ALBANY AND BETHLEHEM TURNPIKE COMPANY .- At an election of this company, the following persons were chosen directors :
M. T. Reynolds, Philip S. Van Rensselaer, William McHarg, Joel Rathbone, John V. L. Pruyn, Robert Boyd, Ezra P. Prentice, George Dexter, Samuel H. Ransom.
Inspectors - John McHarg, Joseph T. Rice jr., Edwin R. Herrick.
ALBANY AND SANDLAKE PLANK ROAD .-- At a meeting of the stock- holders of this company on the first Sept. 1849, the following persons were elected officers for the ensuing year :
Richard J. Knowlton, Gideon Butts and Samuel R. Fox of the town of Sandlake; Dewitt C. Deforest and James Dearstyne of the town of Greenbush ; John V. L. Pruyn, William Smith, Stephen B. Gregory and Archibald McClure of the city of Albany ; and John Defreest, Cornelius Dearstyne and Samuel S. Fowler, inspectors of the next election.
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