The history of Orange County, New York, Part 5

Author: Headley, Russel, b. 1852, ed
Publication date: 1908
Publisher: Middletown, N.Y., Van Deusen and Elms
Number of Pages: 1342

USA > New York > Orange County > The history of Orange County, New York > Part 5

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Colonel Allison's regimental district consisted of Goshen and the west- ern part of Orange County, Colonel Hathorn's of Warwick and the southern section, Colonel Woodhill's of Cornwall (then including Monroe and Blooming Grove ), Colonel Hasbronck's of Newburgh, Marlborough and Shawangunk, and Colonel Clinton's of Windsor, Montgomery, Craw- ford and Wallkill. The other four regiments belonged to territory now outside of the county.

EARLY MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS.

COLONEL ALLISON'S REGIMENT.

William Allison, colonel; Benjamin Tusten, lieutenant-colonel.

Goshen Company, 1775: George Thompson, captain: Joseph Wood and Coe Gale, lieutenants; Daniel Everett, Jr., ensign. In 1776 Lieutenant Coe and Ensign Everett were transferred to a minute company, and in their places William Thomp- son was appointed second fitutenant and Phineas Case, ensign.

Wawayanda Company, 1775: William Blair, captain; Thomas Wisner and Thomas Sayne, Jr., lieutenants ; Richard Johnson, ensign.

Drowned Lands Company, 1775: Samuel Jones, Jr., captain; Peter Gale and Jacob Dunning, lieutenants : Samuel Webb, ensign.

Chester Company, 1775: John Jackson, captain ; John Wood and James Miller, lieutenants ; James Parshal, ensign.

Pochuck Company, 1775: Ebenezer Owen, captain: Increase Holly and John Bronson, heutenants: David Rogers, ensign. In 1776: Increase Holly, captain ; David Rogers and James Wright, lieutenants; Charles Knapp, ensign.

Wallkill Company, 1775: Gilbert Bradner, captain ; Joshua Davis and James Dol- son, lieutenants ; Daniel Finch, ensign.

Minisink Company, 1775: Moses Kortright, captain : John Van Tile and Johannes Decker, lieutenants : Ephraim Medaugh, ensign. In 1777 Martinus Decker became second lieutenant vice Johannes Decker.

COLONEL HATHORN'S REGIMENT.

John Hathorn, colonel.

Warwick Company, 1775: Charles Beardsley, captain ; Richard Welling and Sam- uel Lobdell, lieutenants : John Price, ensign. In 1776 John Minthorn became cap- tain in place of Beardsley, deceased ; Nathaniel Ketcham and George Vance, lieu- tenants ; John Benedict, ensign.

Pond Company, 1775: Henry Wisner, Jr., captain ; Abraham Dolson, Jr .. and Peter Bartholf, lieutenants : Matthew Dolson, ensign. In 1776: Abraham Dolson, Jr., captain ; Peter Bartholf and John Hopper, lieutenants : Mathias Dolson, en- sign. In 1777: Peter Bartholf, captain : John De Bow and Anthony Finn, lien- tenants ; Joseph Jewell, ensign.

Sterling Company, 1776: John Norman, captain : Solomon Finch and William Fitzgerald, lieutenants; Elisha Bennett, ensign. In 1777: Henry Townsend, cap- tain ; William Fitzgerald and Elisha Bennett, lieutenants ; Joseph Conkling, ensign.

Florida Company, 1775: Nathaniel Elmer, captain: John Popino, Jr .. and John Sayre, lieutenants : Richard Bailey, ensign. In 1776: John Kennedy, lieutenant, vice Popino. In 1777: John Sayre, captain : John Kennedy and Richard Bailey, lieutenants ; John Wood, ensign.

Wantage Company, 1775: Daniel Rosekrans, captain: James Clark and Jacob Gale, lieutenants : Samuel Cole, ensign.

COLONEL WOODHULL'S REGIMENT.

Jesse Woodhull, colonel : Elihu Marvin, lieutenant-colonel : Nathaniel Strong and Zachariah Du Bois, majors: William Moffat, adjutant; Nathaniel Satterly, quar- termaster.

Oxford Company, 1775: Archibald Little, captain ; Birdseye Youngs and Thomas Horton, lieutenants ; Nathan Marvin, ensign. In 1777: Thomas Horton, captain ;

THE COUNTY OF ORANGE.

Josiah Seeley, first lieutenant ; Nathan Marvin, second lieutenant ; Barnabas Hor- ton, Jr., ensign.

Clove Company, 1775: Jonathan Tuthill, captain ; John Brewster, Jr., and Samuel Strong, lieutenants ; Francis Brewster, ensign.

Bethlehem Company, 1775: Christopher Van Duzer, captain; William Roe and Obadiah Smith, lieutenants; Isaac Tobias, ensign. In 1776: Gilbert Weeks, ensign.

Upper Clove Company, 1775: Garrett Miller, captain; Asa Buck and William Horton, lieutenants ; Aaron Miller, ensign.

Woodbury Clove Company, 1775: Francis Smith, captain; Thomas Smith and Alexander Galloway, lieutenants ; John McManus, ensign. In 1776: John Mc- Manus, second lieutenant ; Thomas Lammoreux, ensign.

Southwest Company, 1775: Stephen Slote, captain; George Galloway and John Brown, lieutenants; David Rogers, ensign.

Blooming Grove Company, 1775: Silas Pierson, captain; Joshua Brown and David Reeve, lieutenants ; Phineas Heard, ensign.

Light Horse Company, 1776: Ebenezer Woodhull, captain; James Sayre, lieu- tenant ; William Heard, cornet; Azariah Martin, second master.

COLONEL HASBROUCK'S REGIMENT.

Jonathan Hasbrouck, colonel; Johannes Hardenburgh, Jr., lieutenant-colonel ; Johannes Jansen, Jr., and Lewis Du Bois, majors; Abraham Schoonmaker, ad- jutant ; Isaac Belknap, quartermaster.

Clark's Newburgh Company, June 8, 1788: Samuel Clark, captain ; James Denton and Martin Wygant, lieutenants ; Munson Ward, ensign; William Albertson, Isaac Brown, Ebenezer Gidney and Hope Mills, sergeants; Hugh Stevenson, Isaac De- mott, John Simson and William Palmer, corporals ; Sol Buckingham, drummer.

Conklin's Newburgh Company, May 4, 1778: Jacob Conklin, captain; Jacob Law- rence and David Guion, lieutenants; John Crowell, ensign: Robert Erwin, Robert Ross, John Lawrence and Abraham Strickland, sergeants; Jacob Strickland, cor- poral; Abraham Smith, drummer.

Smith's Newburgh Company, April 24, 1779: Arthur Smith, captain ; Isaac Fowler and John Foster, lieutenants: William Conklin, John Kniffin, James Clark and Reuben Holmes, sergeants; William Smith, William Michael and Samuel Griggs, corporals.

COLONEL CLINTON'S REGIMENT.

James Clinton, colonel; James McClaughry, lieutenant-colonel; Jacob Newkirk and Moses Phillips, majors ; George Denniston, adjutant ; Alexander Trimble, quar- termaster.

Eastern New Windsor Company, 1775: John Belknap, captain; Silas Wood and Edward Falls, lieutenants ; James Stickney, ensign.

Western New Windsor Company, 1776: James Humphrey, captain ; James Kar- naghan, second lieutenant ; Richard Wood, ensign.

New Windsor Village Company, 1775: John Nicoll, captain; Francis Mande- ville and Hezekiah White, lieutenants; Leonard D. Nicoll, ensign.

First Hanover Company, 1775: Matthew Felter, captain; Henry Smith and Johannes Newkirk, Jr., lieutenants; William Crist, ensign.

Second Hanover Company, 1775: William Jackson, captain; Arthur Parks and James McBride, lieutenants ; Andrew Neeley, ensign.

EARLY MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS

Third Hanover Company, 1775: Cadwallader C. Colden, captain ; James Milligan and John Hunter, lieutenants ; Matthew Hunter, ensign.

Fourth Hanover Company, 1775: John J. Graham, captain ; Samuel Barkley and Joseph Crawford, lieutenants ; James McCurdy, ensign.

Fifth Hanover Company, 1775: John Gillespie, captain; Jason Wilkins and Rob- ert Hunter, Jr., lieutenants ; Samuel Gillespie, ensign.

First Wallkill Company, 1775: Samuel Watkins, captain; David Crawford and Stephen Harlow, lieutenants; Henry Smith, ensign.

Second Wallkill Company, 1775: William Faulkner, Jr., captain: Edward Mc- Neal and John Wilkins, lieutenants : John Faulkner, ensign.

Third Wallkill Company, 1775: Isaiah Velie, captain; Israel Wickham and John Dunning, lieutenants; Jonathan Owen, ensign.

Fourth Wallkill Company. 1775: William Denniston, captain; Benjamin Velie and Joseph Gillet, lieutenants; David Corwin, Jr., ensign.

Of the Hanover companies the First had been known as Captain New- kirk's Company, the Second as Captain Goldsmith's. the Third as Captain Colden's, the Fourth as Captain Crage's, and the Fifth as Captain Gala- tian's.

Of Wallkill companies the First was located on the east side of the Wallkill, the Second on the west side, between the Wallkill and Little Shawangunk Kill, the Third south of the Second, between the Wallkill and the Little Shawangunk, and the Fourth northwest of Little Sha- wangunk Kill.

During the service of these organizations in the War of the Revolution there were many changes in the commands. They were home guards. In case of alarm, invasion or insurrection, the companies were instructed to march and oppose the enemy, and immediately send an express to the commander of the regiment or brigade, who was to control their move- ments.

Under a law passed by the Continental Congress in May, 1775, three companies of minute men were raised in the southern district of Ulster. with the following officers :

Newburgh Minute Company : Uriah Drake, captain; Jacob Lawrence and William Ervin, lieutenants ; Thomas Dunn, ensign.

New Windsor Minute Company: Samuel Logan, captain ; John Robinson, en- sign ; David Mandeville and John Scofield, sergeants.

Hanover Minute Company : Peter Hill, captain : James Latta and Nathaniel Hill, lieutenants ; William Goodyear, ensign.

These companies and one organized in Marlborough formed a regiment which was officered as follows :

THE COUNTY OF ORANGE.

Thomas Palmer, colonel ; Thomas Johnston, Jr., lieutenant-colonel; Arthur Parks, first major; Samuel Logan, second major ; Isaac Belknap, quartermaster.

Another regiment was formed from two companies organized in Goshen and Cornwall, with the following officers :

Cornwall Minute Company : Thomas Moffat, captain; Seth Marvin and James Little, lieutenants : Nathan Strong, ensign, who was succeeded by William Bradley.

Goshen Minute Company : Moses Hetfield, captain ; Cole Gale and Daniel Everett, lieutenants. Later James Butler and William Barker were chosen lieutenants and William Carpenter ensign.

The officers of the regiment were :

Isaac Nicoll, colonel; Gilbert Cooper, lieutenant-colonel; Henry V. Verbeyck, first major; Hezekiah Howell, Jr., second major; Ebenezer Woodhull, adjutant ; Nehemiah Carpenter, quartermaster.

Both of these regiments of minute men were on duty in the Highlands in 1775-6; but the system did not work satisfactorily, and in June, 1776, Congress repealed the law.

Three drafts were made in 1776 to reinforce the army-in June, July and September. Under the first draft Orange County sent three com- panies and Ulster four to the vicinity of New York City, as a part of General John Morin Scott's Brigade. The second draft took one-fourth of the militia under Colonels Nicoll and Pauling, constituting a brigade under General George Clinton. By the third sixty-two men were drawn from Colonal Hasbrouck's Regiment, and were a part of 600 men which reinforced the garrisons at Forts Clinton and Montgomery.

In July, 1776, companies of rangers were organized for the protection of the frontiers, and three of them were raised in Ulster County, under Captains Isaac Belknap of Newburgh, Jacob De Witt of Deer Park, and Elias Hasbrouck of Kingston.

Of the four "Continental" Regiments organized in 1775 to serve six months, the one commanded by Colonel James Clinton was largely com- posed of Orange and Ulster County men. Orange furnished two com- panies-Captain Daniel Denton's of Goshen and Captain John Nicholson's of New Windsor. The four regiments were in the expedition to Canada in 1775.

Under a call by Congress of January 8, 1776, for troops to reinforce the army in Canada. New York furnished one battalion. A second call was made on January 19, under which New York was required to furnish four

THE COUNTY OF ORANGE.

CHAPTER VII.

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR.

T HE French and Indian War was the result of rivalry between France and England for the possession of disputed territories in North America, and the Indians along the Delaware and other frontiers became allies of the French because they believed they had been cheated by the English and Dutch colonists, and were stimulated to hos- tility against them by French agents.

In 1754 England directed her colonies to oppose with arms the en- croachments of the French, although the two nations were then at peace, and obedience to this command from the crown brought on the cruel war of 1755. In February of that year New York voted £40,000 sterling to defray war expenses, and ordered a levy of 800 men to co-operate with troops of other colonies in the impending struggle. The law also declared that slaves were liable to military duty, and if over 14 years of age they were forbidden to be found more than a mile from their master's resi- dence without his certificate of permission, and "if one of them were so found any white person might kill him without being liable to prosecu- tion."

Along the Delaware River the Indians had been complaining that the whites appropriated lands which they had not bought. and by getting them drunk had defrauded them of the purchase money for their lands and their furs. These complaints led the Pennsylvania proprietaries to call a council, with the head chiefs of the Six Nations as arbitrators, and by bribing these chiefs with presents they obtained from them a decision which obliged the Delawares, then wards of the Senecas, to give up their lands and move to Wyoming. Soon whites followed them and bought in fraudulent ways their Wyoming lands. This angered the Senecas, and they drove away their chief who had aided the whites, and bade the Delawares defend their homes. The eastern and western chiefs met at Allegheny, rehearsed their grievances, and resolved on vengeance. The bloody scenes that followed have seldom been surpassed in barbarous

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR.

cruelty and cunning, and the ravages of the Minsis were mostly confined to the western frontiers of Orange and UIster Counties within the limits of the original Minisink patent.

The settlers of the Minisink observed that the Indians there, including squads who had been friendly, had suddenly disappeared, and the few that remained said they had gone west to join hostile tribes. Foreseeing trouble. some of the settlers sent their wives and children to places of comparative safety, and a well-settled region on the west side of the Wallkill, eight by fifteen miles in extent, was abandoned, some of the residents moving to the east side and others far away. Before they moved seven men and one woman had been killed by the Indians. In 1756, pending negotiations for peace, four men and two women were killed in the Minisink. Three of the men went into the harvest field with their guns and laid them down. when concealed Indians seized them, shot the men dead and scalped them. At Fort Westfall, which the Indians tried to capture by surprise, there was a fight in which several Indians and seven soldiers were killed. . 1 large party of Indians attacked the upper fort at Neversink, which was well garrisoned, but the fort took fire from a burning barn near it, and its inmates had to leave. Only one of them escaped the Indian bullets and tomahawks, and among the killed was the wife of the captain, who was absent. Only a colored woman, hidden from view by the smoke, escaped. The captain returned a day or two afterwards, and took an oath of ven- geance by the grave of his wife. A man named Owen was killed by strolling Indians in Asa Dolsen's meadow in the northwestern part of present Wawayanda, and Dolsen immediately moved to Goshen. David Cooley lived near him, and his wife was shot dead as she was walking from her house to an outdoor oven. In 1758, on the New Jersey frontier. one day, when Nicholas Cole was absent from home, thirteen Indians rushed in, tomahawked and scalped his two daughters and a son-in-law. and carried off his wife and a young son. When Cole returned the In- dians were followed and frightened, and allowed the wife and boy to escape. In June of the same year a sergeant and several men went from Wawarsing block-house to Minisink, and not returning, a large party went in search of them and found seven killed and scalped, and three wounded. and that a woman and four children had been carried off. About this time a house containing seventeen persons was beset by Indians and all of them were killed. They carried off a little son of Mr. Westfall in Mini-

THE COUNTY OF ORANGE.

sink, and he never saw his father again, but when the latter died, he came back with an interpreter after his inheritance. The persuasions and pecu- niary offers of his mother could not induce him to abandon his life in the wilderness.

It was in 1758 that Governor Hardy caused a series of block-houses to be erected along the western frontier, which were a protection for the whites and a restraint to the Indians. In the latter part of that year negotiations with the licad chief of the Delawares, Teedyusking, stopped hostilities for a time. The Minsis were paid for their lands in the Mini- sink, and the titles of the proprietaries were referred to the Government for adjustment. But subsequently "the Indian allies of the French" held the frontier in terror until after the fall of Montreal and Quebec, when all of French Canada was transferred to British authority.

In an address before the Newburgh Historical Society in 1885, E. M. Ruttenber said :

"In common with its associate regiments in Orange and Ulster, Colonel Ellison's Regiment had no little service in the French and Indian War of 1756, on the western frontier of the county, where the Minsis were scat- tering firebrands and death in their rebellion against the domination of the Six Nations, and for the recovery of the lands in the Minisink patent, of which they had been defrauded, and in 1757 marched to Fort Edward to aid Sir William Johnston. How great was the service performed or by whom personally we may never know. The depredations of the Minsis were terrible ; the settlements west of the Wallkill were perpetually har- assed, and many of them broken up; men were killed in the fields and in their houses; women and children became the victims of the scalping knife."

Colonel Ellison wrote in 1757 :

"It is but too well known by the late numerous murders committed on our borders that the County' of Ulster and the north end of Orange have become the only frontier part of the province left unguarded and exposed to the cruel incursions of the Indian enemy, and the inhabitants of these parts have been obliged to perform very hard military duty for these two years past, in ranging the woods and guarding the frontiers, these two counties keeping out almost constantly from fifty to one hundred men- sometimes by false detachments of the militia, and at other times by vol- untary subscriptions-nay, often two hundred men, which has been an

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAAR.

insupportable burden on the people, and yet all the militia of these parts are ordered to march to Fort Edward, while the officers had no orders to gnard the frontier."

Mention may be made here of a famous character of the Minisink. whose unequaled career of revenge against Indians began during the French and Indian War. His name was Thomas Quick. His father was kind and hospitable to the Indians, and was shot dead while at work in his field by some of them whom he had entertained. Thomas, who was near him, and was then almost a youth, managed to escape. Over his father's grave he took an oath to avenge his death, and afterward to kill Indians became the passion of his life. It was said that he shot eighty-seven of them, the last one being the chief murderer of his father. He went by the name of "the Indian slayer." He was marvelously alert and cunning, escaped all of the many efforts of Indians to kill him, and finally died of old age. \ monument has been erected to his memory in Milford, Pa.

THE COUNTY OF ORANGE.

CHAPTER VIII.

WAR OF THE REVOLUTION.

T HE most interesting period of our national history was its begin- nings in protests against oppressive demands and acts by the mother country, followed by a revolutionary resort to arms, and in these beginnings Orange County took a conspicuous part.

The non-importation resolutions adopted by the Continental Congress in 1774 drew the line of issue between Great Britain and her North American colonies, which started the war for independence. Perhaps their most significant feature was a call for the organization of committees of safety in every city, county, precinct and town. In the original County of Orange the people had held a convention in Goshen, which sent a delegate. Henry Wisner, to Congress, who voted for and signed the non-importa- tion resolutions ; and in the towns of Newburgh, New Windsor, Hanover, Wallkill and Goshen an opposition pamphlet which had been scattered broadcast was publicly burned and the desired committees of safety promptly selected. On April 29, 1774, the committee in New York drew up a pledge and sent it to all the counties and towns for signatures. The pledge was as follows:

"Persuaded that the salvation of the rights and liberties of America depend, under God, on the firm union of its inhabitants in a vigorous prosecution of the measures necessary for its safety ; and convinced of the necessity of preventing anarchy and confusion which attend the dis- solution of the powers of government, we, the freemen, freeholders and inhabitants of do, in the most solemn manner, resolve never to become slaves ; and do associate, under all the ties of religion, honor, and love of our country, to adopt and endeavor to carry into execution what- ever measures are recommended by the Continental Congress, or resolved upon by our Provincial Convention, for the purpose of preserving our Constitution, and opposing the execution of the several arbitrary acts of the British Parliament, until a reconciliation between Great Britain and America, on constitutional principles (which we most ardently desire)

Indian Fort, Built between 1761 and 1765, Port Jervis.

WAR OF THE REVOLUTION.

can be obtained : and that we will in all things follow the advice of om General Committee respecting the purposes afore said, the preservation of peace and good order, and the safety of individuals and property."

When the signed pledges were returned to the Provincial Convention in New York it invested the committees of safety with power to appoint assessors and collectors, and these, with the committees, were directed to assess, raise and collect the quotas required for the support of the home government, and empowered to enforce collection from defaulter- by "distress upon their goods and chattels." They might also arrest per- sons inimical to the measures which had been or might be taken. These powers were afterward enlarged by Congress, and the committees em- powered to suppress the enemies of the revolutionary government. Legi -- lative duties devolved upon the Provincial Convention until 1777, when the first Constitution of New York was adopted, and meanwhile the com mittees of safety attended to the execution of its laws. Methods differed somewhat in different counties. In Orange the precincts chose commit- tees, and these constituted the county committee. A signature to the 1:ledge formulated by Congress was regarded as evidence of loyalty to the revolutionary cause.

In the precinct lists of the Orange County signers of the pledge the signatures in Goshen embraced the present towns of Goshen. Chester. Warwick, Wawayanda, Greenville, and a part of Blooming Grove; in Mamakating those of Mt. Hope and Deer Park; Cornwall and Highlands were included in Cornwall : in Monroe parts of Blooming Grove and the present county of Rockland ; in Newburgh, New Windsor and Wallkill with Newburgh. The signatures by precincts were as follows:

PRECINCT OF NEWBURGH.

Col. Jona. Hasbrouck.

Henry Crop-ey.

Thomas Palmer.

Wm. Harding.

Isaac Belknap.

Joseph Belknap

William Darling.

John Stratton.

Wolvert Acker.

lewis Holt.

John Belknap.

Samuel Hallock.

John Robinson.

Sammel Sprague

Saml. Clark.

Burroughs Holmes

Beni. Birdsall.

Samuel Bond.

Benjamin Smith.

Thomas Campbell

James Waugh.

James Cosman.

Abel Belknap.

lewis Clark.

Moses Iligby, MD.

Jonathan Sweet.

THE COUNTY OF ORANGE.

PRECINCT OF NEWBURGH .- Continued.

Reuben Tooker.

John Griggs.

David Belknap.

Saml. Smith.

Daniel Birdsall.

Jeremialı Ward.

Robert Lockwood.

Wm. Ward.

Benj. Knap.

WVm. Russel.

Saml. Westlake.

Charles Willett.

Josialı Ward. Silas Gardner.

Jeremiah Dunn.

Jacob Gillis.

WVm. Lawrence.

Wmn. Kencaden.

Robert Waugh.

James Denton.

Wiggins Conklin.

John Foster.

Robert Beatty, Jr.

Hope Mills.

Abr'm Johnston.

John Cosman.

Silas Sperry.

WVin. Wear.

James Clark.

Thomas Fish.

David Mills.

Wm. Lawrence, Jr.

Caleb Coffin.

John Kernoghan.

James Harris.

Robert Harmer.

Theo. Hagaman.

Robert Ross.

Wm. Dunn.

John Crowell.

Nehemiah Carpenter.

Obadiah Weeks.

Leonard Smith.

Francis Harmer.

John Wandel.

Abraham Garrison.

Abel Thrall.

James Marston.

Phineas Corwin.

Samuel Gardiner.

Moses Hunt.

Anning Smith.

Richard Albertson.

Jacob Concklin.

Wm. Foster.

John Saunders.

Wm. Wilson.

Benj. Lawrence.

Wm. Stillwell, Jr.

Richard Buckingham.

Peter Donally.

Jacob Morewise.

Charles Tooker.

Nicholas Stephens.

Leonard Smith, Jr.

Johannis Snider.

Henry Smith.

Benjamin Robinson.

James Wooden.

Andrew Sprague.

Thomas Smith.

Thomas Beaty.

Caleb Case.

Solo. Buckingham.

David Green.

WVm. Bowdish.

John Stillwell.

Jona. Belknap.

Luff Smith.

Jacob Tremper.

John Gates.

Cornelius Wood. \

Israel Smith.

John Lawrence.

Thads. Smith.

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The history of Orange County, New York, Part 5

Author: Headley, Russel, b. 1852, ed Publication date: 1908 Publisher: Middletown, N.Y., Van Deusen and Elms Number of Pages: 1342

Author: Headley, Russel, b. 1852, ed
Publication date: 1908
Publisher: Middletown, N.Y., Van Deusen and Elms
Number of Pages: 1342