USA > New York > Orange County > The history of Orange County, New York > Part 7
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In 1777 George and James Clinton were in command on the west side of the Hudson, and General Putnam on the east side. Burgoyne, with an army of 3,000 men, marching down from Canada, had reached Saratoga, and Howe, with another army, was marching to capture Philadelphia, when, about September 20. 3,000 British and Hessian soldiers arrived in New York and joined the army of Sir Henry Clinton. Thus rein- forced Clinton soon started to force his way up the Hudson, and on October 6. approached Forts Montgomery and Clinton, defended by some 400 of Colonel DuBois's Regiment and Lamb's Artillery, and about 200 militia, mostly from Orange and Ulster Counties. They made a gallant defense, but finally overwhelmed by superior numbers. were obliged to retreat, leaving behind them 300 in killed, wounded and prisoners. In Governor Clinton's report to General Washington of the fight at Fort Montgomery he said that Sir Henry Clinton commanded in person : that the enemy was repeatedly driven back by grape shot from a. field-piece and the well-directed fire of musketry during their approach ; that the militia retreated to the fort, when a demand to surrender was refused ; and that the enemy's superior numbers finally forced the works on all
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THE COUNTY OF ORANGE.
sides. If expected reinforcements had reached the fort it was believed that the enemy would have been defeated. Many militiamen were in the mountains, but their communications had been cut off. There were not more than 600 men in both the forts, while the attacking army num- bered 3,000. Governor Clinton escaped across the Hudson, and many of his men were bayonetted after the works were taken. DuBois's Continental Regiment and Lamb's Artillery bore the brunt of the fight. The following other regiments were represented in small numbers; Colonel Allison's from Goshen, commanded by himself ; Colonel James Clinton's from New Windsor, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel James McClaughry ; Colonel Harbourg's from Newburgh, commanded by Colonel Masten; Colonel Jesse Woodhull's from Cornwall, commanded by Colonel Dubois.
Sir Henry Clinton's ships moved on up the Hudson, and Putnam's and Clinton's troops followed. The British Commander caused Kingston to - be burned, and here, receiving the news of Burgoyne's surrender, turned back. His army tarried a few days in the Highlands to complete the de- struction of the forts, and then sailed to New York, and the militia re- turned home.
The Indians on the western frontier of Orange and beyond were still nursing grievances against the colonists, and were easily won over to the British side by diplomatic agents. Their depredations began again in 1777, when the family of a Mr. Sprague in the northern part of the Mini- sink was attacked and some of them taken prisoners. Next they killed some of the family of a Mr. Brooks, and took the rest prisoners. In 1778 the upper Minisink was invaded by about 100 Indians, under the famous warrior chief, Brandt, and on Oct. 13 they attacked two dwellings, killed three persons and destroyed much grain and stock. The settlers repaired to the forts of Gumaer's and DeWitt's, and the Indians after following and firing a few times at them from a distance, went away.
The Committee of Safety for Minisink in 1778 consisted of Benjamin DePuy, Philip Swartout and Ezekiel Gumaer, and they ordered the erec- tion of five forts, three in the upper neighborhood, and two in the lower. These could not accommodate all of the fifty families in what is now Deer Park, and many women and children were sent to the older settlements. Scouting parties were sent out under command of Captain Bezaliel Tyler, and persons suspected of aiding the Indians were imprisoned or banished.
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WAR OF THE REVOLUTION.
Small companies of nine months' militia were obtained to garrison the forts.
The massacre of Wyoming in July, and the horrible cruelties practiced upon some of the prisoners, had caused grave apprehensions, and these were increased by the coming of Brandt and his Indians in October. Count Pulaski and his cavalry legion were sent to Minisink, and remained there during the winter of 1778-9, and Colonel Van Cortlandt's Regiment was sent to Wawarsing. In the spring Count Pulaski and his legion were ordered to South Carolina, and on July 19 Brandt, aware of the poorly defended Minisink, came with sixty-five Indian warriors and twenty- seven Tories disguised as Indians, to the lower section, now Deer Park. south of the Neversink and while the settlers were asleep set fire to ser- eral dwellings. Some of the inmates were killed as they were fleeing and others were taken prisoners. The cattle were driven off, and much booty carried to Brandit's headquarters, Grassy Brook, on the Delaware. When news of the murderous raid was received by the militia, a council was held by Lieutenant-Colonei Tusten of Colonel Allison's Goshen Regi- ment. Colonel John Hathorn of the Warwick Regiment, and Captain Meeker of the New Jersey militia, and contrary to Tusten's advice, it was decided to march against the Indians with such numbers of men as could be quickly brought together. Meanwhile Brandt's force had been increased to about 300 Indians, and 200 Tories painted to resemble In- dians. The small band of militiamen, commanded by Colonel Hathorn, marched to the hills overlooking the Delaware near the mouth of the Lackawaxen, and then discovered Brandt and his warriors three-fourths of a mile away. Colonel Hathorn prepared to attack them, but Brandt outmaneuvered him, and cut off fifty of his men, leaving only ninety in the fight that followed. Brandt got in their rear, and hemmed them in on a rocky slope, with the advantages of position and more than five times as many men. When their ammunition was exhausted they formed in a hollow square to fight with clubbed muskets, but the square was soon broken and the men sought safety in flight. Tusten was killed by the Indians while dressing wounds of his men behind a rock, as were also seventeen wounded men with him. Others were shot or drowned in trying to swim across the Delaware. Only about thirty survived.
In Colonel Hathorn's report of the fight to Governor Clinton he says that "the enemy repeatedly advanced to from forty to one hundred yards
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distance and was as repeatedly repulsed"; that his men "defended the ground nearly three hours and a half and during the whole time one blaze without intermission was kept up on both sides." This was at the last stand on the slope. Hathorn's men had been firing for five hours, when, ammunition being almost exhausted, he ordered that no one fire "without having his object sure." Soon they were forced to retreat down! the hill towards the river, and scattered, every man for himself. Col- onel Hathorn further says :
"The Indians were under the command of Brandt, who was either killed or wounded in the action. They burnt Major Decker's house, barn and mill, James Van Vlock's house and barn, Daniel Vanoker's barn (here were two Indians killed from a little fort around the house, which was saved). Esquire Cuykindall's house and barn, Simon Westfall's house and barn, the church, Peter Cuykindall's house and barn. Mer- tinus Decker's fort, house, barn and saw-mills, and Nehemiah Patter- son's saw-mill; killed and scalped, Jeremiah Vanoker, Daniel Cole, Eph- riam Ferguson and one Tavern, and took with them several prisoners, mostly children, with a great number of horses, cattle and valuable plun- der. Some of the cattle we rescued and returned to the owners."
A list of the names of the killed has been preserved, and is as follows:
KILLED IN MINISINK FIGHT.
Col. Benjamin Tusten.
Gabriel Wisner.
Capt. Bezaliel Tyler.
Stephen Mead.
Capt. Benjamin Vail.
Nathaniel Terwilliger.
Capt. John Duncan.
Joshua Lockwood.
Capt. Samuel Jones.
Ephraim Ferguson. Talmadge.
Lieut. John Wood.
John Carpenter.
Adjt. Nathaniel Fitch.
David Burney.
Robert Townsend.
Gamaliel Bailey.
Samuel Knapp.
Moses Thomas.
James Knapp.
Jonathan Haskell.
Benjamin Bennett.
Abram Williams.
William Barker.
Daniel Reed.
Jacob Dunning.
Jonathan Pierce.
Joseph Norris.
James Little.
Gilbert S. Vail.
Nathan Wade.
Joel Decker.
Simon Wait.
Abram Shepherd. Shepherd.
Isaac Ward.
Eleazer Owens.
Baltus Niepos.
Adam Embier.
Samuel Little.
Ensign Ephraim Masten.
Benjamin Dunning.
Ensign Ephraim Middaugh.
James Mosher.
Capt. John Little.
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There is a tradition that Joseph Brandt secretly visited the Minisink some time before his second invasion, and was cared for by a Tory, and thus became well informed of the condition of the region. Brandt was supposed to be a half-breed, with a German father, but later he was be- lieved to be a pure Mohawk Indian. He was educated at Dartmouth Col- lege, and at the commencement of the Revolution received a British appointment as Colonel of the Six Nations. He was a Free Mason, but neither this nor a good education tamed his savage nature. Dr. Wilson said of him : "He was more cunning than the fox and fiercer than the tiger."
Detachments from Woodhull's, Allison's and Hathorn's Regiments were sent to guard the frontier, but Sullivan's expedition up the Susquehanna and to the Genesee Valley drew the attention of Brandt, and he and his Indians did not return.
The jails at Goshen and Kingston were filled with prisoners, but the local Tories continued to be troublesome, and some of them joined the British Army, while others made predatory excursions from retreats in the lower Highlands, covered by the British works at Stony Point and Fort Lee, and became a terror to the inhabitants.
The residents of this portion of the country and on down the Ramapo Valley were mostly Tories, and in this defile in that region known as the "Clove," the Tory Moody intercepted an express from Washington to Congress regarding an interview about the land and naval forces of France. This messenger was intended by Washington to be captured, and the news thus obtained caused the withdrawal of a portion of the forces under Cornwallis, rendering easier the capture of the latter at Yorktown. Claudius Smith and his sons, who had their headquarters in the Clove, were the boldest and most successful of its Tories. Smith was a large, powerful and shrewd man and while he committed many crimes and did many hazardous things, yet for a long time managed to escape capture. In October, 1778, Governor Clinton, enraged at Smith's depreda- tions, offered a reward for his arrest and that of his two sons, Richard and James. Alarmed by this, Smith fled to Long Island, was recognized there, and seized in the night in bed. He was tried for one of his crimes at Goshen in January, 1779. and executed on the 22nd of the same month. Five of his associates were executed with him-Matthew Dolson, John Ryan. Thomas Delamar. John Gordon and Amy Angor. Retribution fol-
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lowed soon on all Smith's band. His son William was shot in the moun- tains, and his son James was probably executed in Goshen soon after his father, with James Flewelling and William Cole. Silas Gardner, however, who was tried and sentenced as a Tory, was pardoned, but the rest were slain or driven from the country. Claudius Smith commenced his depre- dations in the interest of the British in 1776, and first appeared on the public records, charged with stealing, in 1777. He was confined in the Kingston jail, and transferred from there to the Goshen jail, from which he escaped. He was said to be the friend of the poor, giving liberally to them of what he stole from the rich. Many exciting stories were told of his doings.
One of the most brilliant exploits of the war was the night assault on Stony Point, twelve miles below West Point, and now a State reservation in Rockland County. This was on July 16-17, 1779. It had been occupied by British troops since Clinton's expedition up the Hudson in 1777, and was regarded as almost impregnable. "Mad" Anthony Wayne headed the enterprise, and it was carried out in substantial accordance with a general plan which had been suggested by General Washington. The fort was garrisoned by 700 men, who had fifteen pieces of artillery on the heights. Their surprise was complete, and the capture quickly accomplished. The American loss was 15 killed and 83 wounded ; that of the British 63 killed, 61 wounded and 575 made prisoners, only one of the garrison managing to escape. The works were destroyed and the place evacuated. In July, 1779, the British reoccupied it, and began to build defenses, but were soon withdrawn because of the coming of the French fleet, and the Americans took possession and began restoring the fortifications.
Arnold's treason was discovered Sept. 23d, 1780, and Stony Point was included in the fortifications which he intended to betray. His treason, his conference with Major Andre below Stony Point, Andre's stay at Hett Smith's house, his capture at Tarrytown and brief confinement at West Point, Arnold's flight and Andre's trial and execution, are too familiar to the readers of American history to require recapitulation here.
Doha 2 Savoni
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THE WAR OF 1812.
CHAPTER IX.
THE WAR OF 1812.
N OTWITHSTANDING other ostensible causes, it was really neces- sary to complete the independence of the United States, only partly effected by the War of the Revolution, that the War of 1812 should be begun and fought out. Great Britain claimed the right to search American ships, impress American seamen into her service, and make prizes of all American vessels going to or from France or her allies which did not clear from or touch English ports. France issued retaliatory decrees which were more damaging to America than Eng- land. They declared that its vessels which had touched English ports or submitted to be searched by an English ship should be the prop- erty of France, and that English goods, wherever found, should be sub- ject to confiscation. Thus endangered by the policy of both nations, Con- gress in 1809 declared an embargo prohibiting American vessels from sailing from foreign ports, and foreign ships from carrying away Amer- ican cargoes-a law which virtually suspended our commerce and exposed our merchants to the risks of bankruptcy. England gave notice to the President that her claims before stated would be adhered to, and Congress. seeing no other means of redress, formally declared war on June 18. 1812.
Orange County citizens had given expression to their views on the embargo act in March, 1800. A Republican county convention held at Goshen selected General Hathorn as its chairman, and a committee on resolutions was appointed consisting of Jonathan Fisk. Colonel John Nicholson, General Reuben Hopkins and Judge Nathan White. The reso- lutions reported and adopted asserted that the American embargo was "a wise and patriotic measure, imperiously demanded by the exposed condi- tion of our seamen, shipping and trade to the audacious outrages of for- eign powers." In the Federal party's county convention, held later. Daniel Niven was chairman, and its committee on resolutions consisted of John Barber, Alexander R. Thompson, Alanson Austin, John Bradner. J. N. Phillips, John Morrison, John Duer, Samuel Sayer. James Storey.
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Solomon Sleight, John Decker and Samuel B. Stickney. The resolutions protested against the enforcement of the embargo, as "unjust, illegal and oppressive, subversive of the rights and dangerous to the liberties of the people."
But when the war came the views of many of the Federalists had changed, and they sustained the Government.
The first call for troops was made April 21, 1812, when the militia was arranged in two divisions and eight brigades, and the brigades were divided into twenty regiments. The second brigade of the first division, . embracing the militia of Orange and Ulster, under Brigadier General Hopkins of Goshen, was organized as the Fourth Regiment, and its Com- mander was Lieutenant Colonel Andrew J. Hardenburgh of Shawangunk. In 1813 and 1814, Lieutenant Colonel Isaac Belknap took the place of Lieutenant Colonel Hardenburgh. The cavalry and artillery were simi- larly organized.
The second call was made in July, 1813, and the third in July, 1814, when the places of rendezvous were Newburgh and New Windsor, and from these the men were moved on sloops to New York and assigned to the neighboring fortifications. They embarked Aug. 28, and returned Dec. 4, having been absent only a little more than three months.
Among the uniformed companies at that time were the following: Orange Hussars of Montgomery, Captain William Trimble (succeeded by Captain Milliken) ; Captain Van Orsdal's and Captain Dorcas's companies of infantry of Montgomery; Captain Kerr's company of artillery of New Windsor; Captain Butterworth's company of artillery of New- burgh; Captain Westcott's company of cavalry of Goshen; Captain Acker's company of cavalry of Newburgh and Marlborough; Captain Denniston and Captain Birdsall's companies of infantry of New- burgh.
It appears that Captain Westcott was afterwards appointed Major of the first regiment of cavalry, when Charles Lindsay was made captain of his company : Joseph H. Jackson, first lieutenant ; Daniel McNeal, second lieutenant, and Stephen P. Rockefellow, cornet, all being residents of Montgomery except Major Westcott.
In the fall of 1812, Captain Denniston of the "Republican Blues" en- listed about fifty volunteers to serve one year or during the war, and they elected Jonathan Gidney captain. They formed part of a detached regi-
Signing of the Wawayanda Patent.
THE WAR OF 1812.
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ment of riflemen of which Captain Denniston became major and after- wards colonel.
A part of a company from Wallkill was included in Colonel Harden- burgh's Ulster regiment, which went to Plattsburgh and thence to Fort Hamilton, near the Canada line, for guard duty.
The following roll of a detached company in Colonel Michael Smith's regiment of infantry, mustered in in September, 1814, embraces men from both Orange and Ulster Counties :
ROLL OF DETACHED COMPANY.
Dunning, John, Captain.
Gardner, Samuel.
Mullicks, William, First Lieutenant.
Gardner, Silas L.
Moore, Walter, Ensign.
Horton, Barnabas.
Booth, Jeffrey, First Sergeant.
Hulse, Jonas, Jr.
Crane, John A., Second Sergeant.
Hudson, Elvazer.
Dunning, Henry, Third Sergeant.
Hines, John W.
Clark, Oliver, First Corporal.
Jackson, Daniel T.
Genung, Pierson, Second Corporal. Murray, Archibald Y., Third Corporal.
Kirk. Robert.
Lewis, James, Fourth Corporal.
Kortright, John C.
Smith, Derrick, Fifth Corporal.
Kerr, Nathan.
Wilkin, Daniel, Sixth Corporal.
Kirk, David.
Brown, Samuel, Drummer.
Keen, Elihu C.
Genung, Harvey, Fifer.
Knox, James.
Brown, Elisha.
Knapp, Elijah.
Brundage, Abijah.
Long, Artemas.
Brown, Neal.
Lockwood, Jared.
Bennett, Levi.
Loder, Isaac W.
Brown, Daniel.
Millspaugh, Samuel.
Bailey, Nathaniel.
McNish, Joshua.
Benjamin, John.
Mc Nish, Spicer.
Booth, Thomas A.
McNish, Henry.
Bedford, Benjamin.
MeCarter, James.
Cash, Stephen.
McCarter, Allen.
Clark, Stephen.
Mc Vey, James.
Corey. Benjamin.
Mires, John, Jr.
Crawford, James.
Monnel, Joseph.
Caldwell, Gabriel.
Moore, Loderwick.
Christie, Andrew.
Miller, John C.
Corwin, Nebat.
Mc Vey, John.
Corwin, Joseph.
Mc Vey, Arden.
Cox, Jeremiah.
MeCarter, William.
Cox. Thompson.
Miller, George.
Canfield. Joseph. Decker, Stephen.
Ogden, Gilbert.
Dunning, Michael.
Prescott, Stephen.
Dunning, John, Jr.
Puff, Adam.
Fanning. Samuel.
Puff, James.
Goldsmith, Salem.
Robbins, John.
Gale. Henry.
Robbins, Peter.
Gregory, Lyman.
Pay. James.
Rodgers, John.
-
Nicolls. Allen.
Goldsmith, Moses.
Goldsmith, John D.
Jagger, Paul.
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Selleck, Isaac.
Taylor, Morrison.
Slauson, Alva.
Uptegrove, Richard.
Sayer, William.
Van Benschoten, John.
Sands, Samuel.
Warren, David.
Stringham, Jacob.
Warren, Solomon.
Smith, Isaiah W.
Warren, Eliphalet.
Screder, Elijah.
White, Jonathan.
Smith, Grant.
Watson, James.
Smith, Silas W.
Wilkin, William.
Smith, Bezalell.
Wood, John.
Thompson, Jonathan.
Youngs, Virgil W.
Treadwell, Charles.
Orange County was represented in the Navy by Silas H. Stringham, Charles Ludlow and Robert C. Ludlow, among others. Robert Ludlow was on the "Constitution" when she captured the "Java," and Augustus C. Ludlow as a lieutenant distinguished himself as a hero in the action of the "Chesapeake" with the "Shannon."
After the British captured Washington in 1814, a public meeting was held in Goshen, August 30, to consider the propriety of repairing the fort- ifications at West Point or erecting new ones for public defense. General James W. Wilson was chairman of the meeting, and a committee to devise and report plans was composed of John Duer, Jonathan Fisk, William Ross, John W. Wilkin, George D. Wickham, James Finch, Jr., and Nathan H. White. They reported at an adjourned meeting, and recommended the following committee of defense, which was ap- pointed :
For Minisink, John Bradner, Nathan Arnot ; Deer Park, John Finch, Jr., Joseph Baird; Wallkill, Henry B. Wisner, Benjamin Woodward; Goshen, John Duer, Freegift Tuthill; Warwick, Dr. Samuel S. Seward, Jeffrey Wisner ; Monroe, James D. Secor, Benjamin Cunningham ; Corn- wall, William A. Clark, Joseph Chandler, Jr .: Blooming Grove, Col. Selah Strong, Jeremiah Horton; Montgomery, John Blake, Jr., Johannes Miller : Newburgh, John D. Lawson, Jacob Powell; New Windsor, Jo- seph Morton, David Hill.
This Committee of Defense met September 7, and made Selah Strong its chairman and John Duer its secretary. It passed resolutions in har- mony with those of the public meeting, and appointed the chairman, the secretary, William A. Clark, Joseph Morell and Johannes Miller a com- mittee to tender the services of citizens in repairing the West Point forti- fications. At another meeting, September 17, the committee instructed
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THE WAR OF 1812.
the town committees immediately to collect subscriptions of money and labor, and report them to the General Committee, and also inquire into and report the quantity of arms and ammunition which the respective towns might need.
October 25 it was reported from the Secretary of War that he would send a skillful engineer to West Point "to superintend the works and point out the sites most eligible for defense."
Little was done, however, at West Point, but military companies of exempts were organized in several towns.
The glad news of the treaty of peace, concluded in December, 1814, was celebrated in every town of the county with great enthusiasm, and included illuminations, cannon firing, speeches, toasts, and thanksgiving services in the churches.
Peace with other nations continued from the close of the War of 1812 until the war with Mexico, 1846-8. For this war New York City regi- ments drew a number of volunteers from Orange, but only one com- pany was recruited in the county, and this was in Goshen, and it became Co. K of the 10th Regiment U. S. Infantry. Its captain was Alexander Wilkin and its lieutenant, Francis M. Cummins. Captain Wilkin re- signed in April, 1848, and Lieutenant Cummins was promoted to the captaincy. The regiment with this company was attached to the Army of the Rio Grande under General Taylor.
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THE COUNTY OF ORANGE
CHAPTER X.
THE CIVIL WAR.
T HE patriotic services of the people of Orange County in the four- years' Civil War of 1861-5 were as praiseworthy as those of their ancestors in the two wars with Great Britain, which founded the Republic upon a lasting basis of unparalleled prosperity and progress. It was as necessary for the continuance of that prosperity, and as a lesson of our republican experiment to the world, to defeat the efforts of the slave-holding States to rend the Union in twain, as it had been to compel the kingly power across the ocean to let us establish it. This Orange County was quick to perceive and act upon.
Its Co. B, Third Regiment of Infantry, was the first company re- cruited and ready for muster in the State. Recruiting for it was com- menced in Newburgh immediately after the passage by the Legislature, April 16, 1861, of an act to authorize the equipment of volunteer militia for the public safety, the movement being started by Hon. Ste- phen W. Fullerton, Member of Assembly, and placed in charge of James A. Ramney. There were seventy-seven men enrolled when the company was mustered in for two years, May 14, 1861-less than one month from the day the first man enlisted, and it had then been ready several days for mustering in.
The following regiments and companies were recruited in Orange for the Civil War, and there were many other enlistments from the county in other regiments and in the Navy :
Infantry : Third Regiment, Co. B, 1861; 18th, Co. D and Co. H, in part, 1861 ; 36th, Co. B, 1861 ; 56th, Cos. A, B, D and E, 1861; 63d Regiment, 1864; 70th, Co. F, 1861; 87th, Co. C, 1861; 98th, Co. C, 1864; 124th Regiment, 1,047 men in 1862 and one company in 1864; 168th, 335 men, 1862; 176th, 272 men, 1862.
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