USA > Ohio > Montgomery County > The history of Montgomery county, Ohio, containing a history of the county > Part 1
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MONTGOMERY COUNTY
1882
DUKE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY
1
THE 1
HISTORY V
MONTGOMERY COUNTY,
OHIO,
CONTAINING
A HISTORY OF THE COUNTY ; ITS TOWNSHIPS, CITIES, TOWNS, SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, ETC. ; GENERAL AND LOCAL STATISTICS ; PORTRAITS OF EARLY SETTLERS AND PROMINENT MEN ; HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY ; HISTORY OF OHIO; MAP OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY ; CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES, MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS, ETC., ETC.
ILLUSTRATED.
CHICAGO : W. H. BEERS & CO. 1882.
ulver page.moyne!
SPRINTERS 119 &120 MONROE ST G CHICAGO C
9.77,17% 1 6 73
PREFACE.
-
TH THE province of the historian is to gather the threads of the past ere they elude forever his grasp, and weave them into a harmonious web to which the art preservative may give immortality. Therefore, he who would rescue from fast-gathering oblivion the deeds of a community and send them on to futurity in an imperishable record should deliver " a plain, unvarnished tale."
In such a spirit have the compilers of the following pages approached the work of detailing the history embodied herein, and trust they have been fairly faithful to the task imposed. It has been our honest endeavor to trace the history of the development of this section from that period when it was in the undisputed possession of the red man to the present, and to place before the reader an authentic narrative of its rise and progress to the prominent position it now occupies among the counties of Ohio.
That such an undertaking is attended with no little difficulty and vexation, none will deny. The aged pioneer relates events of the early settlements, while his neighbor sketches the same events with totally different outlines. With these the historian has to contend; and, while it has been our aim to compile an accurate history, were it devoid of all inaccuracies. that perfection would have been attained of which the publishers had not the faintest conception, and which Macaulay once said never could be reached.
From State, county, township, town and village records, printed publica- tions, family manuscripts and innumerable private sources of information, as well as from the testimony of living witnesses. we have endeavored to produce a history which should prove accurate, instructive and worthy of the county represented.
The compass of the work is wide, extending over a long period of time, embracing the accounts of early explorers; also reaching back among the leg- ends of the past, and approaching the events of to-day by a series of chapters giving the exploration, settlement and gradual development of this portion of the Miami Valley.
The general history of the county up to and including Chapter XII, the article on the Mexican war in chapter XIII, and the first five chapters on the city of Dayton, were written by Ashley Brown. The balance of Chapter XIII, with all of the chapters up to and including Chapter XXII of the county history, are from the pens of R. C. Brown, F. E. Weakley, G. A. Graham, P. A. Durant and Damon Clarke, the same writers furnishing from Chapter VI to Chapter XII inclusive, of the city of Dayton. with the exception of Chapter VIII, con- taining the history of education, which was contributed by Robert W. Steele, to whom more than to any other citizen of Montgomery County are we indebted for invaluable aid in the compilation of this work. The article on Raper Chapel, in Chapter VII, of the city of Dayton, was kindly furnished by Hon. Henderson Elliott, while that on the German Baptist Church, included in Chapter XXI of the general history, was written by Rev. Samuel Kinsey.
The histories of the several townships were contributed by the following
PREFACE.
gentlemen: Washington Township, by Joseph Nutt; German, by Rev. J. P. Hentz; Randolph, by E. F. Warner; Wayne, by Henry Cuppy; Clay, by Dr. Christopher Gish; Miami, by Jacob Zimmer; while Jefferson, Madison, Jack- son, Perry, Butler, Harrison, Mad River and Van Buren were written by F. E. Weakley, G. A. Graham, R. C. Brown and A. P. Steele. In our efforts to col- lect reliable data, we have at all times met with the earnest co-operation of your people, and to the ministers of the many religious denominations, to the mem- bers of the several professions, to the manufacturers, merchants, State, county and city officials and intelligent citizens throughout this section of the Miami Valley, we return our sincere thanks for the valuable assistance rendered us from the inception of our work in 1880, until its completion in 1882.
THE PUBLISHERS.
.
CONTENTS.
BOOK I.
PART FIRST.
HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
PAGE.
PAGE.
PAGE.
Geographical Position ...... .. 19 ments. 34
Early Explorations 20 American Settlements. 59
Discovery of the Ohio 32
English Explorations and Settle-
tory.
65
PART SECOND.
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
PAGE.
PAGE.
PAGE.
History of Ohio. 93
Organization of Counties 137
French History 96 Description of Counties. 137
Ordinance of 1787, No. 32 .. 105
Early Events. .137
The War of 1812 122
Governors of Ohio 160 Conclusion .200
Ancient Works. 174
The Canal System .. 128
Ohio Land Tracts 129
Outline Geology of Ohio .. 179
Ohio's Rank During the War
.182
Comments upon the Ordinance of 1787, from the Statutes of Ohio, Edited by Salmon P. Chase, and Published in the year 1833. .204
BOOK II.
PART FIRST.
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
PAGE.
CHAPTER I .- The Mound Builders-Earthworks, and Evidences of Antiquity-Location of Mounds in Montgomery County-Title to Lands in the Northwest - Indian Title to Ohio Valley and Lower Lake Region-The French Title-The English Title-French-English War for Posses- sion-English Acquire Possession-Expeditions into the Indian Country-Northwest Territory in Control of the British in 1775-But Indians had not Ceded any their Rights-George Rogers Clark's Expedition to Illinois-Fort McIntosh and Laurens-Great Britain's Quitclaim to Lands Northwest of the Ohio .. 215-223
CHAPTER II .- The Miami Valley-Military Events that Influenced its Settlement-The Common Huuting Grounds for the Tribes-Description of Streams, Hills and Bottoms-Colouists Pushing Through to the West - Capt. Bullit - Indian Alarm aud Hostilities- Col. Bowman's Expedi- tion to Old Chillicothe -Speedy Retaliation- Hard Winter of 1780-Location of the Ohio Tribes-Their Strength-Noted Chieftains-In- dian Village Life-Manners, Customs and Con- ditions-Hunting, Trapping, Fishing-War Par- ties-Cruelties .. .. 224-241
CHAPTER III .- Kentucky Pioneers-Col. Byrd's
PAGE.
Expedition Against Them-Clark Destroys In- dian Villages on Little Miami and Mad River- Col. Broadhead's Expedition-Col. Lochry Am- bushed - Williamson - Crawford's Defeat and Death-Battle of Blue Licks-Skirmish at the Mouth of Mad River-Indian Towns, Crops and Supplies Destroyed at Piqua and Loramie-Mouth of Mad River Selected in 1782 for Settlement- Fort Harmar and Fort Finney Built-Clark and the Shawnees at Fort Finney-Logan Destroys Mackacheek Towns-Virginia Cedes Northwest Territory to United States-Indian Treaties- United States Title Perfected-Location of Lora- mie's Store and Fort Loramie-Standing Stone Forks of Miami 242-253
CHAPTER IV .- Northwest Territory July 4, 1786- Territorial Officers in 1787-Gov. St. Clair at Fort Harmar-Washington County-Pioneer Thanks- giving-The Symmes Purchase-Columbia-The Cincinnati Settlement-North Bend-The Mad River Country-Details of Progress-Fort Wash- ington -Hamilton County -Indian Troubles -- Harmar's Expedition-Indians at Dunlap's Sta- tion-St. Clair's Defeat-Wilkinson's Expedition -Gen. Anthony Wayne-His Advance in 1793- Victory at Fallen Timbers, 1794-Winter Quar- ters; Winter of 1794-95. 254-267
.
Tecumseh and the War of 1812. ..... 69
Black Hawk and the Black Hawk War 73
Division of the Northwest Terri-
A Brief Mention of Prominent Ohio Generals .191 Some Discussed Subjects .196
Banking .126
Some General Characteristics 177
Improvements 132
State Boundaries 136
vi
CONTENTS.
PAGE
PAGE.
CHAPTER V .- Wayne's Treaty -Squatters- Pur- chase of Lands at Mouth of Mad River-Survey- ing Parties-Dayton Platted-Drawing Lots- Formation of Colony-First Settlers-Their Jour- ney Through the Woods -Arrival by River- Biographical Sketches-Topograph cal-Dayton Township-Tax Assessment, 1798-Township Af- faira to 1803-Ohio Becomes a State-The Name -State Boundaries-Montgomery County-Gen. Richard Montgomery-The Original Townships -Enumeration .268-287
CHAPTER VI .- First Settlements- Emigrant Set- tlers-In the Clearings-Cabins and Cabin Life -The Squatter Settlements-Tomahawk Rights -Discouraged Squatters-Order of Township Settlements-Farming-Food-Cabin Affairs Stock -Sugar Camps - Mills- Log Rollings- Weddings .288-300
CHAPTER VII .- The County Seat-County Court- The Log Jail-Elections of 1803-First Commis- sioners-Tax Duplicate, 1804 -- 1804 and 1805 -Randolph Township-Jefferson Township- The Brick Court House-Schools-Division of Montgomery County-Roads-Fruits-Whisky- Indian Summer-Hunting and Trapping-1808 -Madison Township-Militia-First County Convention-Wayne Towuship-18:0-11-First Stone Jail-Earthquakes-Influential Men of the County-War Times. .301-318 CHAPTER VIII .- War of 1812. .319-340
CHIAPTER IX -Germantown-Jackson Township- Farmersville-Alexandersville-Whisky Tax- Improved Stock-Liberty-Union-Little York -County Building-Market Rates- Butler Township-Chambersburg-Vandalia-Miamis-
burg-Perry Township-New Lebanon-Jobns- ville-Notes-Sunbury-Clay Township -- Phil- lipshurg-Arlington-West Baltimore-Brook- ville-County Infirmary-Miami Township ---- Carrolltou-Miami Canal-Events of 1833 to 184I Division of Dayton Townsbij-Harrison Town- sbip-Mad River Township-Van Buren Town- ship-Beavertown-Turnpikes .. .341-350
CHAPTER X .- Log Cabin Settlers-D. C. Cooper- Robert Edgar-Maj. George Adams-Dr. John Hole -- Zachariah Hole -- Aaron Nutt-Daniel Hoover ... .. 351-368 CHAPTER XI .- New Comers-Judge Joseph H. Crane-Col. Robert Patterson .. .. 369-378
CHAPTER XII .- Philip Guukel-Henry Brown- Jonathan Harshman-H. G. Phillips. 379-393 CHAPTER XIII .- The Mexican War-1847 to 1861 -The War of the Rebellion-Events in Military Circles since 1865. 394-434
CHAPTER XIV .- Tho Soldiers' Home. 435-447 CHAPTER XV .- Geology of Montgomery County
448-461 CHAPTER XVI .- County Buildings-Railroads ... 462-469 CHAPTER XVII .- Bench and Bar of Montgomery County. 470-491
CHAPTER XVIII .- Medical Societies 492-497
CHAPTER XIX .- Montgomery County Bible Society -Sabbath School Union 498-50I CHAPTER XX .-- Agriculture-Horticulture-Pio-
neer Association-Farmers' Club ... ... 502-510
CHAPTER XXI .- Insane Asylum -- Infirmary --- Children's Home-Women's Christian Associa-
tion-German Baptists-Gypsies ...
511-534
CHAPTER XXII .- County Officers-Statistics .... 535-542
PALT SECOND.
CITY OF DAYTON.
PAGE.
CHAPTER I .- Selecting the Site-Purchase of 1789 -The Proprietors in 1795-The Plat-Arrival of First Settlers - Dayton Pioneers-Three First Cabins-Topographical - Discouragements-Im- provements - The Hamlet - Block House and School - First Dayton Baby - Cabin Meeting ITouse and Burying Ground-Flat Boating Trade -Skiu Currency-Indian Trading-Titles and Change of Plat-The Old Tavern-Population Reduced .547-558
CHAPTER II .- The Village - Incorporated- Changes-Flood of 1805-Indian Graves-First Newspaper-The Academy-First Brick Resi- dence-Business in 1808- The Doctors-Public Vendue-Mail Routes-Divorce-Town Election -Mannfactures-Ferries- The Town Plats - United States Patents to Cooper-Fourth of July, 1809-St. John's Lodge-Boating up the Miami- A Trip East-Teaming-The Town in 1810-1811 -Mob-Celebrations-War of 1812-Mechanical Society-Real Estate. . 559-569
CHAPTER III .- The Bank-Shows. 1815-Female Bible Society-Cabintown-Rattlesnake -- Com- mons - Bucklot-Market House-Wagon Rates -Rival Societies - Mad River Bridge - Bridge Street Bridge-Breweries-Town Election, 1816 -Freighting up the River-Medical Society- Sunday Schools-Camp Meeting-Stage Lines- Boating South-New Year's Ball-Scarcity of Money-Compton's Tavern -Sickly Season- Hanging of McAfee-Mails-1825 to 1829-Day- ton and the Canal .. 570-581
CHAPTER IV .- Charter Amended-Licenses-Town Boundaries 1829-The Five Wards-Elections 1820 to 1841 inclusive-Caual and Other Statis- tics-Cholera-Seely's Basin-Peasley's Garden -New Bridges-Cooper Hydraulic-Change of Mad River-Canal Extension-Dayton Hydraulic Company-Harrison Convention-Clay Conven- tion-City Charter-Markets-Scraps of History -Elections 1841 to 1853, inclusive-Statistics .. 582-594 CHAPTER V .- Village Plats and other Localities- Mexican War-Flood of 1847-The City in 1850 -Minor Events-Ceusus-Banks ... 595-603 CHAPTER VI .- DAYTON INDUSTRIAL INTERESTS-
PAGE.
Introduction-Car Works-Wood Working Es- tablishments-Agricultural Works-Carriages -- Machine Shops, etc .- Mills-Brewers - Marble and Stone-Tobacco-Cracker Manufactories- Miscellaneous 604-637
CHAPTER VII .- CHURCHES .- Presbyterian-Metho- dist-Baptist-Lutheran-United Brethren-Re- formed-Christian-Dunkard-Hebrew-Metho- dist Protestant-Catholic-Y. M. C. A ......... 638-682 CHAPTER VIII .- Educational-Introduction-Pub- lic Schools-German Schools-Night Schools- Colored Schools - Instruction in Music- High Schools-School Law -Superintendent of In- struction- Intermediate School-Normal School -Board of Examiners-Public Library-Free Night Industrial Schools-Statement of Superin- tendent of Penmanship - Cooper Academy- Catholic Schools-(Saint Emanuel's-Saint Jo- seph's-Saint Mary's-Holy Trinity-Sisters of Notre Dame-Saint Mary's Institute)-Commer- cial College .. .. 683-705 CHAPTER IX .- THE DAYTON PRESS .- Pioneer News- papers-The Dayton Journal-The Dayton Re- publicin-The Dayton Democrat -The Dayton Whig and Miami Democrat-The Dayton Tran- script-The Daily Daytonian-The Dayton Tri- Weekly Bulletin-Tbe Dayton Gazette-The Day- tou Daily and Weekly Volkszeitung-The Saturday People-The Daily and Weekly Herald-The Mi- ami Valley Courier - The Vindicator - Christ Church Register-The Reformed Publishing House -The Religious Telescope-The United Brethren Publisbing House-Christian Publishing House- Conclusion ... .706-724 CHAPTER X .- SECRET SOCIETIES. - Masonic-Odd Fellows-Knights of Pythias-Ancient Order United Workmen-Order United American Me- chanics-Other Orders ... 725-735
CHAPTER XI .- Fire Protection - Water-Works- Board of Health - Police-Work-House-City Prison - Insurance - Street Railways- Dayton Gas, Light and Coke Company-Telegraphs ... 736-751 CHAPTER XII .- St. Elizabeth Hospital-Woodland Cemetery-Calvary Cemetery-Descriptive Re- view of the City of Dayton. 752-760
vii
CONTENTS.
BOOK III.
PART FIRST. TOWNSHIP HISTORIES.
1
PAGE.
PAGE.
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP.
3
BUTLER TOWNSHIP.
102
Towns ..
16
Early Settlement
103
Baptists
17
Justices of the Peace 107
Old School Baptists
19
Schools
107
Universalists
19
Churches aud Graveyards.
108
Orthodox Friends
19 20
Mills, Distilleries, Etc. Villages.
111
Methodist Episcopal Church
21
Stations
114
Conclusion
GERMAN TOWNSHIP
Twin Valley
24
Germantown
25
Sunsbury
Villages
127
MIAMI TOWNSHIP.
132
Erection of Miami Township.
136
Sunday Schools.
44
Milla,
138
Institutions of a Higher Grade.
The Great Mound
139
Places of Sepulture
48
Miamisburg 139
141 141
The Legal Profession
Merchants.
143
Justices of the Peace
51
Postmasters.
144
Prominent Men.
51
Public Houses.
144
Statistics for the year 1881
53
Banks.
145
The Reformed Church
145
The First Settlement.
Grace Evangelical Lutheran Church
147
Manufacturing.
The Methodist Episcopal Church
147
Physicians ..
57
The Catholic Church.
148
Education.
150
The Press
150
The Miamisburg Union ..
151
The Miamisburg Bulletin.
151
Villages.
62
The Miamisburg News.
152
JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP ..
65 66
Alexanderville
152
Carrollton
153
Churches
70 72 72
Cemeteries
154
Early Enterprises.
73
Towns and Villages.
73
Oakland
163
Pioneers
163
Mills and Distilleries
169
Early Enterprise.
Graveyards
170
Churches
80 81
Villages.
81
Military Camps.
172
McAfee Murder.
81
172
WAYNE TOWNSHIP ...
82
Justices of the Peace
172
Schools and Churches.
86
Township Clerks.
172
Topography.
88
Township Treasurers
172
Public Roads 90
VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP
173
JACKSON TOWNSHIP .. 93
Shakertown
176
Early Settlements.
94
Davids' Church
177
Churches
98
Beavertown
178
Schools
99
Mills 179
Roads.
99
Topography, etc. 179
Towns and Villages.
100
Stone Quarries
181
PART SECOND.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
PAGE.
PAGE.
Dayton.
185
Butler Township. 356
258
Perry Township.
369
Washington Township. German Township.
278
Clay Township. 396
Randolph Township.
294
Miami Township.
413
Jefferson Township.
310
Harrison Township 426
Madison Township. 319
Mad River Township. 438
Wayne Township ..
323
Van Buren Township. 445
Jackson Township
337
Pyrmont
120
New Lebanon 121
122
Early Settlement
26 29
Churches
35
Streams.
138
Education
45 46 47
Agriculture
139
Newspapers and Printing.
Manufactures.
49 49 50
RANDOLPH TOWNSHIP
54 65 56 56
The Evangelical Lutheran Church
146
Education.
United Brethren
147
Officers of the Township, Etc.
Roads
58 59 59 62
Early Settlers and Settlements.
Bridgeport
153
School«
HARRISON TOWNSHIP.
MAD RIVER TOWNSHIP
156 163
MADISON TOWNSHIP 75 Pioneers 76 80
Schools
171
Schools
Churches
171
Churches.
Secret Societies.
22 24
PERRY TOWNSHIP
115
Early Settlers
110
Washington Presbyterian Church.
118
CLAY TOWNSHIP
Brief Biographical Sketches of Pioneers.
Shipping and Traveling Facilities
Manufacturing.
The Medical Profession
Graveyards.
Township Officers.
viii
CONTENTS.
PORTRAITS.
PAGE.
Dr. Jolin Treon.
213
E. H. Brownell.
386
Robert Bradford (deceased).
226
Samuel W. Hoover.
406
Samuel Wells .. 235
John W. Gaines. 407
Joseph Nutt. 246
John W. Turner.
255
Mrs. E. Newcom 419
E. Shultz ...
266
George Bixler ..
275
Henry Becker
286
J. M. Kelsey 442
James II. Munger 295
306
William M. Kelsey ... 454
Mrs. Phebe Kelsey (deceased ). 455
Samuel Weller 474
Jacob Stickle ... 335
Mrs. Mary C. Weller
475
Michael Schiml .. 345
David Worman
494
Christian F. Bremer 355
Mrs. Susannah Worman
495
Charles Burroughs 366
375
E. E. Barney (deceased)
546
Daniel Beckel (deceased)
553
William Dickey (deceased). 572 John Temple (deceased).
589 John Rouzer 799
Ilenry Best (deceased) 608
J. E. Lowes. 720
M. P. Nolan. 625
E. Bimm
644
II. C. Eversole
740
P. Mitchell
661
MISCELLANEOUS.
PAGE.
PAGE.
Map of Montgomery County ..
14, 15
Population of the Principal Countries in the World .. 203
Constitution of the United States
.. 79
Population of Ohio ..
202
Population of the United States 203
Population of Montgomery County 539
Area of the United States 203
Business References
456
Area of the Principal Countries in the World. 203
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Source of the Mississippi ..
22
Present site Lake Street Bridge, Chicago, in 1833. 58
La Salle Landing on the Shores of Green Bay
24
Pioneer Dwelling
60
Buffalo Hunt ...
26
Lake Bluff.
62
Trapping ..
28
Tecumseh, the Shawnee Chieftain. 68
Mouth of the Mississippi.
31
Indians Attacking a Stockade ..
71
High Bridge ..
33
Black Hawk, the Sac Chieftain. 74
Pontiac, the Ottawa Chieftain.
42
Perry's Monument, Cleveland.
91
Indians Attacking Frontiersmen. 55 Niagara Falls.
92
Noah Coler ... 430
Mrs. Eliza A. Coler 431
Mrs. Mary Kelsey 443
Jolin Vance.
Jolin Sacksteder. 315
Colesten Schwind 326
Robert Sloan.
514
11. Wyatt, Sr ...
Mrs. Mary A. Sloan.
515
J. J. McIlhenny, M. D. 680 John L. H. Frank 689
W. J. Shuey. 700
Samuel A. Dickey (deceased) 729
PAGE.
E. Newcom (deceased). 418
BOOK I.
PART FIRST. THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
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BRIDGEPORT 9 10
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CENTREVILLE
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FARMERSVILLE
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26 font
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BOXENCAN R. R.
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15
36
18
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION.
When the Northwestern Territory was ceded to the United States by Virginia in 1784, it embraced only the territory lying between the Ohio and the Mississippi Rivers, and north to the northern limits of the United States. It coincided with the area now embraced in the States of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and that portion of Minnesota lying on the east side of the Mississippi River. The United States itself at that period extended no farther west than the Mississippi River ; but by the purchase of Louisiana in 1803, the western boundary of the United States was extended to the Rocky Mountains and the Northern Pacific Ocean. The new territory thus added to the National domain, and subsequently opened to settlement, has been called the "New Northwest," in contradistinction from the old "Northwestern Territory."
In comparison with the old Northwest this is a territory of vast magnitude. It includes an area of 1,887,850 square miles ; being greater in extent than the united areas of all the Middle and Southern States, including Texas. Out of this magnificent territory have been erected eleven sovereign States and eight Territories, with an aggregate popula- tion, at the present time, of 13,000,000 inhabitants, or nearly one third of the entire population of the United States.
Its lakes are fresh-water seas, and the larger rivers of the continent flow for a thousand miles through its rich alluvial valleys and far- stretching prairies, more acres of which are arable and productive of the highest percentage of the cereals than of any other area of like extent on the globe.
For the last twenty years the increase of population in the North- west has been about as three to one in any other portion of the United States.
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THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
EARLY EXPLORATIONS.
In the year 1541, DeSoto first saw the Great West in the New World. He, however, penetrated no farther north than the 35th parallel of latitude. The expedition resulted in his death and that of more than half his army, the remainder of whom found their way to Cuba, thence to Spain, in a famished and demoralized condition. DeSoto founded no settlements, produced no results, and left no traces, unless it were that he awakened the hostility of the red man against the white man, and disheartened such as might desire to follow up the career of discovery for better purposes. The French nation were eager and ready to seize upon any news from this extensive domain, and were the first to profit by DeSoto's defeat. Yet it was more than a century before any adventurer took advantage of these discoveries.
In 1616, four years before the pilgrims "moored their bark on the wild New England shore," Le Caron, a French Franciscan, had pene- trated through the Iroquois and Wyandots (Hurons) to the streams which run into Lake Huron ; and in 1634, two Jesuit missionaries founded the first mission among the lake tribes. It was just one hundred years from the discovery of the Mississippi by DeSoto (1541) until the Canadian envoys met the savage nations of the Northwest at the Falls of St. Mary, below the outlet of Lake Superior. This visit led to no permanent result ; yet it was not until 1659 that any of the adventurous fur traders attempted to spend a Winter in the frozen wilds about the great lakes, nor was it until 1660 that a station was established upon their borders by Mesnard, who perished in the woods a few months after. In 1665, Claude Allouez built the earliest lasting habitation of the white man among the Indians of the Northwest. In 1668, Claude Dablon and James Marquette founded the mission of Sault Ste. Marie at the Falls of St. Mary, and two years afterward, Nicholas Perrot, as agent for M. Talon, Governor Gen- eral of Canada, explored Lake Illinois (Michigan) as far south as the present City of Chicago, and invited the Indian nations to meet him at a grand council at Sault Ste. Marie the following Spring, where they were taken under the protection of the king, and formal possession was taken of the Northwest. This same year Marquette established a mission at Point St. Ignatius, where was founded the old town of Michillimackinac.
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