USA > Ohio > Montgomery County > The history of Montgomery county, Ohio, containing a history of the county > Part 81
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Mayflower Council, No. 35, was organized in Dickey's Block, September 7 .875, with about thirty members, and was instituted by S. A. Wetzell. Thfirst officers were: J. W. Knaub, C .; George A. Smith. V. C .; William L. chell, R. S .; C. H. Decker, F. S .; W. C. Sleiffer, Treas. The Council has 112 members. The officers for 1882 are: R. R. Love, C .; George e' V. C .; H. B. Stauffers, R. S .; William H. Martin, F. S .; B. D. Long- rh, Treas.
Niagara Council, No. 25, was instituted May 30, 1873, with twenty-two ter members. The council now numbers forty-three members. The offi- yfor 1881 are: James W. Booth, D. S. C .; James W. Booth, Sr., Ex. C .; Viam A. Felker, Jr., Ex. C .; J. H. Lentz, Jr., C .; Charles C. Davidson, V. E. V. Staley, R. S .; William A. Lippy, F. S .; D. Sanders. F .: B. F. Ar- ›, Ind .; H. V. Houser, Ex .; J. W. McFarland, I. P .; Levi Hall. O. P .; Jacob thes, B. F. Arnold, C. C. Davidson, Trustees.
Friendship Council, No. 15, Junior Order, was organized December 17, , with eleven charter members. It was a re-organization under a change ( ame, of a lodge existing for four years previous to it called Surprise oge, which was organized abont 1872 or 1873. The first officers of Friend- ui Lodge were: J. B. Kuhns, C .; Arthur Dieter, V. C .; Charles Weikel, R. Ed Dieter. A. R. S .; J. W. Ebd, Treas .; H. A. Silar, F. S. The lodge o has sixty-seven members. The following are the present officers: William :tathorn, C .; William Smith, V. C .; J. O. Arnold, R. S. ; H. A. Silar, F. S .; ('h les S. Durst, Treas.
Miami Council. No. 7, Junior Order, was organized in Arnold's Building, NoB South Main street, October 18, 1872, with eleven charter members. The firs officers were: D. P. Clark, C .; H. W. Lewis, V. C .; G. R. Wells; R. S .;
734
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
H. J. Buvinger, A. R. S .; C. W. Bridenbaugh, F. S .; B. T. Guion, Tres The lodge now has a membership of seventy. The present officers are: E. Swerer, C .; Ion Hord, V. C .; W. Lutzenberger, R. S .; C. D. Kidd, Jr., A S. ; A. W. Hudson, F. S .; B. T. Guion, Treas.
OTHER ORDERS.
Howard Council, No. 161, Royal Arcanum, was organized in Septemubi 1878, with nineteen charter members. The first officers were: S. Johnson, R. ; O. M. Gottschall, R .; H. E. W. Campbell, V. R .; F. M. Hosier, Orat( T. B. Holmes, Sec. ; G. R. Wells, Col .; S. L. La Rose, Treas. ; James W. A. derton, Guide; W. F. Snyder, Sentry. The council now has a membersb of seventy-three. The present officers (1881) are: A. Humphreys, R .; J. Viot, V. R. ; William Watkins. P. R .; J. C. Reber, Orator; A. L. Shear Chap .; W. E. Crume, Guide; S. H. Hall, Warden; T. B. Holmes, Sec .; G. Wells, Collector; V. P. Van Horne, Treas .; S. L. La Rose, Sentry.
Dayton Lodge, No. 23, Knights of Honor, was instituted July 13, 19; in Ladow & Winder's marble shop, North Main street, by Darius Wilson, D., the first Supreme Dictator of the Order, with eleven charter members. following officers were elected and installed: W. H. Rouzer, P. D .; John Winder, D. ; G. A. Walkup, V. D .; J. Hotsapillar, A. D .; Thomas W. Harri R .; W. A. Marietta, F. R .; E. Jennings, Treas. ; R. M. Allen, Guide; W. Groneweg, Guardian; W. L. Blocker, Sentinel. The first meetings were he in Ohio Block, and in the following November they took a joint lease Sheets' Hall, on East Second street. On the 1st of October, 1880, they p. cured a lease on Clegg's Hall. East Third street, and made it one of the fin appointed halls in the city. It has been dedicated, and is known as Knigh of Honor Hall. The lodge meets every Friday evening; has 145 mombe and the following officers: A. B. Reeves, P. D .; C. F. Messner, D .; J. Dodd, V. D. ; Henry S. Steffy, A. D .; W. A Marietta, R .; R. M. Allen, F. ] C. R. Heckler, Treas. ; L. Brussman, Guide; O. P. Wood, Guardian; Peter Apl Sentinel. In the seven years since its organization, they have lost but : member by death, and have paid into the Supreme Treasury, for the relief families of deceased members, $6,647.20.
Franklin Grove, No. 2 (German), United Ancient Order of Druids, v organized July 10, 1849, with the following charter members: Philip Dhe John Kissner, William Groneman. The first officers were: John Kissner, A .; Phillip Walz, V. A. ; Frank Schieble, Sec ; William Groneman, I. Franz Schieble and Phillip Walz. The Grove now has 133 members, and following officers: Henry Hessler, N. A. : Henry Horn, V. A .; Charles Nag Sentinel; George 'Sauer, Treas. ; Emil Tiete, I. S. G.
Eshcol Lodge, No. 55, Independent Order B'Nai B'Rith, was organiz in Red Men's Hall (Ohio Block). April 2, 1864. Of the eighteen char members only eight are now members, the rest having died or withdrawn fr the lodge. The first officers were: Henry Kline, Pres .; Joseph Lebenshuurg V. Pres .: Alexander Major, R. S. : Morris Wertheimer, F. S .; Jacob A Treas. ; Isaac Pollack, Monitor; David Meyer, A. M .; Abraham Ach, Ward The lodge now numbers sixty-five members, and meets in Gorman's Buildi It is a Jewish organization, but works in the English language. Connec with the order there is a plan of endowment known as the District End ment, by which $1,000 is paid to the beneficiary on the death of the insu member. The present officers are: Leopold Baer, Pres .; Adolph Lessner, Pres. ; Jonas Rosenthal, R. S. & F. S .; Leopold Rauh, Treas .; David Mey Monitor; Tobias Weinstein, Warden; Joseph Beatus, Guardian.
Blackfoot Tribe, No. 46, Improved Order Red Men, was organized w
735
CITY OF DAYTON.
e members, on the 25th Sun, Worm Moon, G. S. D., 378, or in the common er| March 25, 1869. Adam Sachs was the first Sachem. The first Chiefs el ted were: Charles Sagebath, Sachem; Peter Reinhard, Senior Sagamore; I'd Weis, Junior Sagamore; John Bettelon, Chief of Records; Ed Pope, Keeper of Vampum. The tribe now numbers 107 members, nine having died since the oranization. The present Chiefs (1881) are: William Sonneman, Sachem; P Veyrich, Sr. Sag .; Albert Euchenhofer, Jr. Sag. ;. Charles F. Tredten, K. of W Daniel Mentel, C. of R. The tribe is in good financial condition, having T' $4,000 in the wampum belt.
| Division No. 1, Ancient Order of Hiberanians, was organized in Munday x nyder's Hall, corner of First and St. Clair streets, June 25, 1878, with ifen members. The first officers were: C. P. Sweetman, C. D. : John O'Con- 1c Pres. ; E. J. Ryder, V. Pres. ; William Fitzman, F. S .; R. W. Ryder, R. . James Daugherty, Treas. There are now 100 members. The present fers are: John O' Connor, C. D. ; E. J. Burns, Pres .; R. W. Ryder, V. 213 .; J. P. Maddin, F. S .; John Sweetman, R. S .; James O'Neil, Treas.
The German Washington Beneficial Society was. organized November 12, 15. It meets in Druid's Hall, corner of Fifth and Commercial streets, and voks in the German language. The present officers (1881) are: George W. Strer, Pres. ; William Kopf, V. Pres .; John Aman, Ist Sec. ; Julius Miller, "Sec. ; Frederick Hensel, Treas .; William Rechner, C. B .; C. Hock, M.
Dayton Typographical Union, No. 57, was organized at a meeting held vil 18, 1862, at which the following officers were elected: E. Lindlsey, P1 ;. : Joe Schnebly, V. Pres .; Thomas Shain, Treas. ; S. J. Rigler, R. S .; R. .Clark, F. S .; G. W. Matthews, C. S. During the rebellion, the meetings ve so slimly attended as seldom to have a quorum, and on December 25, >2, was the last recorded meeting until May 26, 1866, when the Union was erganized, and has since had uninterrupted existence as a body. The 'htional" Typographical Union having changed its name to " International," : w charter was issued for Dayton Typographical Union, No. 57, dated Jan- ra 24, 1872, to the following charter members, who were at the time its offi- e : W. R. Eckley, P. C. Fairchild, E. J. Farrell, W. I. Mather, William ).Hoover, J. R. Hamilton, John Buchner.
The Union has been valuable to its members in maintaining a fair and r'orm scale of prices in the better printing establishments of the city; and La protected employers against incompetent workmen by making a four years' e ice as apprentice a condition of membership. At present (1881) the mem- e hip is forty-two.
The present officers are: L. C. Peacock, Pres. ; R. P. Frampton, V. Pres .; Win Shivel, R. & C. S .; S. T. Maloney, F. S .; W. O. Groneweg, Treas. ; .). Carson, S. at A. ; H. Carr, John Sexton, W. S. Nixon, Executive Com- 1. ee; time of meeting, last Saturday in each month.
736
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
CHAPTER XI.
FIRE PROTECTION-WATER WORKS-BOARD OF HEALTH- POLICE-WORK HU! -CITY PRISON- INSURANCE-STREET RAILWAYS-DAYTON GAS-LIGET A COKE COMPANY-TELEGRAPHS.
FIRE PROTECTION.
IN the early history of the city, fires were fought with whatever means wi suggested at the time of need. Often the flames were stayed by tearing do either the burning building or the houses adjoining it. The male portion of 1 village, and sometimes the female portion, promptly responded to an alarm of fi each person carrying one or more buckets, in which water was passed along a li formed from some convenient water supply, and thrown on the burning buildi There was but little loss by fire in the village previous to the burning of the how and shop of George C. Davis on February 6, 1815, and no arrangements for prot tion from fire, other than those mentioned above, were made until after the burni of the Cooper Mills on the old race, on the north side of Water street, just east Mill street. This fire oceurred on June 20, 1820, and in addition to the grist-m fulling-mill and machinery, consumed 4,000 bushels of wheat and 2,000 pounds wool. It was a large fire, and brought before the people the necessity for u efficient means of protection from the destructive element. Steps were soou tak looking to the organization of a fire company. Ladders were provided by 1 Town Couneil, that were to be kept hanging in the market house on Second stro ready for use at any time ; and, by ordinance of the Council, every housebole was required to procure two " leathern buckets," with his name painted thereon be kept in a convenient place, readily accessible to any one when an alarm of i was given. These fire buekets and the ladders at the market house then constitu the total apparatus of the first fire department of the village. At the time of burning of George Grove's hat store and J. M. Hollis' jewelry store, November 1824, the ladders had been misplaced, and the flames were so fierce that " bucket brigade " could render but little aid. After this, Council determined buy a hand engine, and aceordingly, in the spring following, placed $226 in hands of a Dayton merchant who was going East, with which to buy an engine Philadelphia. The engine was purchased, but did not reach Dayton until a y afterward, when a company to operate it was organized. This company was org ized as the Dayton Fire Engine Company, at the court house, on Saturday, Ma. 10, 1827, at which time the following officers were elected : George C. Davis. C. tain, S. B. Cleveland, First Engineer ; S. Johnson, Second Engineer ; Samuel Bacon, Third Engineer. The engine was fed by a bucket line, while the water s thrown out by turning a erank at the side of the engine.
A hook and ladder company was also organized at the same time, and following officers elected : Joseph Hollingsworth, Captain ; Thomas Morris First Director ; Oliver Van Tuyl, Second Director ; James Irwin, Third Direc: The hooks and ladders were kept in the market house, where, at a time of ala; the members of the company wonld rally, take the hooks and ladders on ti shoulders, and carry them to the fire.
In the winter of 1827-28, Council paid $112.50 for eighty-eight leather bu ets, one-half to be kept on the engine and the rest distributed among the memb of the company, to be kept at their homes, at all times ready for use. Th buckets were kept by the citizens for twenty years, inspected in April of e:
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CITY OF DAYTON.
re' by the Fire Wardens, of whom the first were James Steele, Abraham Darst, D.Job Haines, Alexander Grimes and Matthew Patton. They were appointed youneil in Mareh, 1827, as the First Board of Fire Wardens, with John W. Van W're as Chief Engineer of the Fire Department.
The engine house was a small frame, built on the county lot on the west side f Iain street, just south of the first alley north of the court house. It was after- v¿I moved around on Third street, in the rear of the court house, and soon after as taken away to give place to the two-story brick engine house which was t in 1833.
At the burning of an unoceupied frame house at the upper end of Main street, nhe night of September 10, 1833, Charles R. Greene, one of the Fire Wardens, rired Matthew Thompson, a bystander, into the " line " passing water to the n ne, and on his refusal, Greene struck him on the head with a piece of board. ithe Squire's office next day, Thompson struck Greene with a elub, from the fts of which he shortly afterward died.
In 1833, fire eisterns were built at points where they could be filled by wells e. by. In November of the same year, the "Safety," a hand engine with suc- fic hose and gallery brakes, was bought of Chase & Seymour, Cineinnati, for 150 ; five hundred feet of hose were purchased at the same time. Soon after- al the " Safety Fire Engine and Hose Company No. 1" was organized, and a wit engine house built for them on the east side of Lndlow street, half way teen Second street and the first alley south. The first officers of the company e James Perrine, Foreman ; Valentine Winters, Assistant Foreman ; J. D. opis, Secretary ; T. R. Clark, Treasurer ; Thomas Brown, Leader of Hose echment ; Henry Diehl, Assistant Leader ; William P. Huffman, Jacob Wilt, er Baer, Henry Buehler and Abraham Overleas, Directors.
These companies were followed by the " Independent Fire Engine and Hose > pany," the " Enterprise Fire Engine and Hose Company," and other volun- ecompanies, in whose hands the safety of the eity reposed until the organ- von of the paid fire department.
In April, 1836, an ordinance was passed giving 50 eents to each chureli -on for ringing an alarm of fire.
The fire at the Journal building, on the west side of Main just south of Third ret, in July, 1863, was the last large fire fought by the volunteer companies hand-engines. Owing to the manifest inefficieney of the department as cbited at that fire, it was decided to establish a paid fire department in the city. wrdingly, in the latter part of 1863, steam fire-engines were purehased, and clayton Fire Department organized, with William Patton, Chief, one Assistant all', and fifteen regular firemen. Sinee then, the following gentlemen have
- I'd as chiefs of the department : William Gill, John Chambers, George Vail, vony Stevens, John H. Winder, James Lewis and D. C. Larkin, the latter being e resent ineumbent. The department now consists of the following companies : Tal Engine Company No. 1, whose house is on East Fifth street, opposite 'on ; it is the office of the Assistant Chief, who is also Superintendent of the "Alarm Telegraph. This company is composed of six men, and is equipped t a chemieal engine, two horses, swinging harness and other necessary appur- : ces. Hose Company No. 1, located at the same house, and is equipped with eforse, one reel, swinging harness and 1,500 feet of rubber hose.
Castern Hose Reel Company No. 2 is composed of three men, and located on verest side of Webster street between Second and Third. The company has ale of the following property : One horse, swinging harness, and 1,500 feet of . S 500 rubber.
Western Engine Company No. 2 is composed of eight men and located on the s ufj side of Fifth street, west of Wilkinson. The equipments consist of a two- Lorshook and ladder truek containing ten ladders, two horses and swinging har- ness Engine Company No. 3 is in this house, and has charge of Engines Nos. 1
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HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
and 2, and Engine No. 3 stationed at Hope Hose House on east Third street, al two horses and swinging harness. Hose Reel Company No. 3, located at tl house, has charge of one hose reel, one horse, swinging harness and 1,600 feet hose. This building was erected in 1876, at a cost of $10,000. The second sto is divided into a chief's office, sleeping apartments, bath-room, supply-roo work-room, ete. It is handsomely furnished throughout-largely by private dor tion. About all the work of the department is done at this house by the men. Main Street Hose Company No. 4 is located on the northeast corner of Ma and Water streets, and consists of three men, with one horse, one reel, swingi harness and 1,500 feet of hose.
Miami Hose Company No. 5 consists of three men, and is located at t corner of Fifth and Baxter streets, West Dayton. They have one horse, swingi harness, one hose reel, 1,600 feet of hose and Hook and Ladder Truek No. 2.
Hope Hose Reel Company No. 6 consists of three men, located on Easi Th street, between Terry and Morrison streets. They have one horse, swinging h ness, one hose reel and 1,500 feet of hose.
The total cost of the department to the eity in 1881 was $27,641.79. The to value of the property owned is $81,350.47.
The department is operated by the Gamewell's Fire Alarm Telegraph, which a circuit of thirty miles of wire are now in use. The following is a list the signal boxes with their loeation and number ; 4, Eastern Engine House ; Central Engine House ; 6, Western Engine House ; 7, Hope Hose House, No. 8, Ludlow and Seeond streets ; 1-2, St. Clair and Kenton streets ; 1-3, Jeffery and Third streets ; 1-4, Greer & King's foundry ; 1-5, Main Street Hose Hou 1-6, First and Foundry streets ; 2-1, Keowee and Water streets ; 2-3, Val street, North Dayton ; 2-4, Lowell and Second streets ; 2-5, Montgomery : Third streets ; 2-6, Third street and Linden avenue ; 2-7, Fifth and Allen stree 3-1, Wayne and Oak streets ; 3-2, Wayne and Richard streets ; 3-4, Fifth : Plum streets ; 3-5, High and MeLain streets ; 3-6, Xenia avenue and High stre 3-7, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum ; 3-8, Xenia avenue and Allen street ; . Hickory and Brown streets ; 4-2, Brown and Jones streets ; 4-3, Jefferson Chesinut streets ; 4-5, Main and Stout streets ; 5-1, Third and Clegg stree 5-2, Fifth and Main streets ; 5-3, Germantown and Cineinnati streets ; ! Franklin and Ludlow streets ; 5-6, Ludlow and Bayard streets ; 6-1, First Bridge streets ; 6-2, Third and William streets ; 6-3, Third and Barnett stree 6-4, Miami Hose House, No. 5 ; 7-1, Main and MePherson streets ; 7-2, River and Salem avenues ; 7-3, Dayton View Hydraulie ; 7-4, Main and Rong stro
WATER WORKS.
An ordinance was passed by the City Couneil in Mareh, 1869, to submit to people the question whether or not the city should build water-works and issue bo to the amount of $200,000 for that purpose. This was voted upon at the ant election of municipal offieers held on April 5, of that year, and resulted in a jority of 833 votes in favor of the construction of the works by the city. cordingly, bids were advertised for, estimates made, and on the 29th of Octo the committee entered into a contraet with Anderson & Kemp, of Dayton, for construction of an engine house at a cost of $8,217.
On the 7th of January, 1870, the board of water-works trustees was es lished by ordinance, and the salary of the trustees fixed at $200 per ani This day also marked the arrival of the first machinery for the works. It sisted of two of Holly's Patent Elliptical Rotary Pumps, which had a maxir capacity for pumping 2,000,000 gallons of water in twenty-four hours. The o machinery, consisting of a gang pump with a capacity of 1,000,000 gallon twenty-four hours, condensing engine of 200-horse-power and a rotary engil 100-horse-power, was soon afterward received and the whole set up. Two w each twenty-five feet in diameter, were sunk September 24, on a lot eorne
1
yours Vory July Hele Eversoles DAYTON.
741
CITY OF DAYTON.
H'i and Beacon streets, which was bought for the purpose, and on the 16th of M.ch, 1870, the works being completed, the machinery was put in motion and hoipes filled for the first time. Ten days later the official test of the works was 1:e. and resulted most satisfactorily to all coneerned.
The total cost of construction of the works was $230,083.14, ineluding the n'y of engine-house, wells, etc.
The board of water-works organized April 13, 1870, by eleeting Samuel Mar- L .: , President ; A. J. Heller, Secretary ; H. G. Marshall, Assistant Secretary and ector ; George MeCain, Superintendent ; Ezra Thomas, Assistant Superin- - erent ; E. J. Howard, Engineer ; Henry Farnham, Assistant Engineer. Their .r: report for the period ending December 31, 1870, shows the gross receipts to a been $3,168.66, and the running expenses $10,325.85. In the same period, 220,560 gallons of water were delivered into the pipes and 6,948 bushels of coal named in the delivery. From the same report the following account of the var supply is taken : "With great pleasure we have often noticed that Provi- le has been pleased to give the people that inhabit this portion of the Miami aby, pure water in great abundance."
" It was not to be wondered at that the site at the corner of High and Ban streets was first selected for the location of the pumping works. It is re for the city that water was not obtained there in seemingly great abun- iaze to have established the belief of being sufficient for supplying the works. s a experience confirms the belief that the change of location to the south Voi of Mad River was a wise plan. Here it was hoped that an ample supply otl be obtained by filteration. But in the fall of 1871, when the consump- o had increased nearly twofold, the prospects were less promising.
" A long trench was made in the vicinity to serve as a kind of storage reser- oi and connected to the well by an arched conduit. Observations showed Viathe water pumped at the close of 1872 was fully the maximum capacity of tuevell, and no reserve in store for any sudden emergency in the event of fire. Ne gnizing the vital importance of pure water, the City Council was peti- word for an appropriation May 30, 1873, to enable the board to take the future Icional supply of water from Mad River.
"On the 9th of June, 1873, Council authorized the Trustees of the Water (Is, in connection with the Standing Committee of the City Council, to rect the Water Works well with Mad River, so controlling said connection ates and filters as to exclude all impurities.
The general plan adopted by the board embraces an open space dug through Levee bank to the river, of about twenty feet in width, ninety feet in length, non average depth of thirty feet. All the earth had to be removed on carts distanee perhaps of two to three hundred feet, and replaced in like man-
"Three twenty-inch lines of cast iron pipes were laid through to the river. h river end of the pipes are supported by a revetment of masonry fifteen ehigh, and fifty feet in length. Bowlders of various sizes, in great quanti- * are placed against the wall of masonry to within four feet of its height. e the water will be strained before its admission. Inside the levee these ly pipes are also supported by a revetment of masonry, from which they Cct some three feet, with valves for controlling the water attached. The ut, chamber is arranged to command delivery of water from the river into a Dit nine feet in height, and eight feet in width, extending parallel with heyvee 107 feet eight inches, and passing the supply well built in 1871, u8/nt eighteen feet, turning southward on the west side, and parallel with held supply well sixty-one feet and six inches to its terminus. A wing oraphes from the main conduit nine feet three inches east of the well, and
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742
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
runs parallel with it ninety feet, which completes the surrounding of the w The entire length of the conduit is 259 feet, walled up and arched over stone, the floor in the gate-chamber being laid with stone extending into conduit about ten feet. There are four ventilators to the conduit at suit distances.
" The entire work was completed on the 20th day of September, be eighty-seven days from the commencement to its termination, at a cost of 240.12."
In 1874, a new engine and direct-acting pump, of the improved H patent, with a capacity of $4,000,000 gallons in twenty-four hours was ad at an additional cost of $32,927.19.
The following statement shows the entire receipts and disbursements f the commencement of the Water Works, in 1870, to December 31, 1881:
RECEIPTS.
Received from sale of bonds, taxation and temporary loans from 1870 to Decembe 1881, $570,771.77 ; received from water rent, sale of materials and excavating sei trenches from 1870 to December 31, 1880, $196,263.84; received from water rent, sal materials and excavating service trenches from December 31, 1880, to December 31, 1 $26,233.98 ; total receipts-1870 to December 31, 1881, $793,259.59.
DISBURSEMENTS.
Expended on account of construction to April 13, 1870, by first Committee on W Works appointed by Council, $216,289.60; appropriated by and paid to Council in 187! construction account, $13,793.54 ; appropriated by and paid to Council in 1875 to pa terest, $12,000; expended by the Trustees for extension and maintenance (including porary loans made in 1870, 1872, 1873 and 1874) from 1870 to December 31, 1880, $175,83. expended by Trustees from December 31, 1880, to December 31, 1881, $26,826.23 ; exper by Trustees from December 31, 1880, to December 31, 1881 (from Water Works Impr ment Fund), $41,975.67 ; total disbursements-1870 to December 31, 1881, $786, 719.70 ; anee in treasury January 1, 1882, $6,539.89 ; total, $793,259.59.
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