USA > Ohio > Historical collections of Ohio in two volumes, an encyclopedia of the state, Volume I > Part 68
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NEW VIENNA, on the M. & C. Railroad, has, newspapers : The Record, weekly. Independent ; 2 monthlies, viz., Messenger of Peace and Southern Ohio Teacher. 1 bank, New Vienna, Ellis Good, president, E. Arthur, cashier. Churches : 1 Methodist, 1 Friends, 1 Baptist, 1 Disciples, 1 Catholic. Census in 1880, 797. School census in 1886, 327; S. M. Taggart, principal.
MARTINSVILLE, on the M. & C. Railroad, has 1 Friends and 1 Methodist Episcopal church. Two flouring-mills and A. J. Darbeshire's tile brick and ium- ber factory, employing 17 hands. Census in 1880, 355. School census in 1886, 193; E. P. West, principal.
BLANCHESTER, 41 miles northeast from Cincinnati, on the C. W. & B. Rail- road. Newspaper : Star, Independent, Fred. A. Goulding, editor and publisher.
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CLINTON COUNTY.
Churches : 1 Methodist, 1 Baptist, 1 Universalist and 1 Catholic. Bank : Blan- chester, E. D. Smith, president and cashier. Industries: Western Hame Works, sash and door, patent fence, wagon and carriage, and Old Honesty yeast factories, large flouring-mill, etc. Population in 1880, 776. School census in 1886, 387; N. H. Chaney, superintendent.
CLARKSVILLE, on the C. & M. V. Railroad, has 1 Methodist Episcopal church. Census of 1880, 367. Reesville. on railway, has 1 church. Census of 1880, 245. School census in 1886, 140. Port Williams, census of 1880, 181.
COLUMBIANA.
COLUMBIANA COUNTY was formed from Jefferson and Washington, March 25, 1803. Kilbonrn, in his "Gazeteer," says: "Columbiana is a faney name, taken from the names Columbus and Anna. An aneedote is told pending its adoption in the Legislature, that a member jocularly moved that the name Maria should be added thereto, so as to have it read Columbiana-maria." The southern part is generally broken and hilly, and the northern level or undulating. This is an excellent agricultural traet; it is well watered, abounds in fine mineral eoal, iron ore, lime, and free-stone. The water lime- stone of this county is of the best quality. Salt water abounds on Yellow and Beaver creeks, which also afford a great amount of water power. Forty years ago it was the greatest wool-growing county in Ohio, and was exceeded by but three or four in the Union. About one-third of the population are of German origin, and there are many of Scotch-Irish extraction. In 1885 the acres cultivated were 118,656; in pasture, 90,692; woodland, 45,065; lying waste, 14,603; wheat, 159,241 bushels: corn, 645,329; oats, 580,660; wool, 552,862 pounds ; apples, 515,913. School census, 17,060; teachers, 357. Area, 540 square miles. Miles of railroad track, 117.
TOWNSHIPS AND CENSUS. 1840.
1880.
TOWNSHIPS AND CENSUS.
1840,
1880.
Butler,
1,711
1,560
Middletown,
1,601
1,590
Center,
3,472
3,719
Perry,
1,630
4,868
Elk Run,
873
1,457
St. Clair,
1,739
1,186
Fairfield,
2.108
3,178
Salem,
1,903
5,142
Franklin,
893
869
Unity,
1,984
3,114
Hanover
2,963
2,258
Washington,
814
3,192
Knox,
2,111
2,240
Wayne,
1,086
848
Liverpool,
1,096
6.229
West,
1,915
2,050
Madison,
1,472
1.144
Yellow Creek,
2,686
3,958
The population of Columbiana in 1820 was 22,033; in 1830, 35,508; and in 1840, 40,394, which was greater than any other eounties in Ohio, excepting Hamilton and Richland. The number of inhabitants to a square mile was then 46. In 1846 the county was reduced by the formation of Mahoning. to which the townships of Beaver, Goshen, Greene, Smith', and Springfield, for- merly belonging to it, were added. The population of the county in 1860 was 32,836, and in 1830, 48,602, of whom 34,945 were Ohio-born; 6,344 Pennsyl- vania-born ; 3,711 English subjects born; 852 Germans ; 44 French; 32 Sean- dinavians.
Columbiana is one of the best fruit-producing counties in Ohio. The township
436
COLUMBIANA COUNTY.
of Middletown is especially noted for its raspberries and fine quality of peaches, which last is said to be a rarely failing crop. The fruit finds a near market in Pittsburg.
The first paper-mill in Ohio, and the second west of the Alleghenies, was erected in 1805-6 on Little Beaver creek, near its mouth, in this county. It was called the Ohio paper-mill ; its proprietors were John Bever and John Coulter.
This county was settled just before the commencement of the present century. In 1797 a few families moved across the Ohio and settled in its limits. One of them, named Carpenter, made a settlement near West Point. Shortly after, Capt. Whiteyes, a noted Indiau chief, stopped at the dwelling of Carpenter. Being intoxicated, he got into some difficulty with a son of Mr. C., a lad of about seven- teen years of age, and threatened to kill him. The young man upon this turned and ran, pursued by the Indian with uplifted tomahawk, ready to bury it in his brains. Finding that the latter was fast gaining upon him the young man turned and shot him, and shortly afterwards he expired. As this was in time of peace, Carpenter was apprehended and tried at Steubenville, under the territorial laws, the courts being then held by justices of the peace. He was cleared, it appearing that he acted in self-defence. The death of Whiteyes created great excitement, and fears were entertained that it would provoke hostilities from the Indians. Great exertions were made to reconcile them, and several presents were given to the friends of the late chief. The wife of Whiteyes received from three gentlemen the sum of $300; one of these donors was the late Bezaleel Wells, of Steubenville. This was the last Indian blood shed by white men in this part of Ohio.
ADAM AND ANDREW POE, THE INDIAN FIGHTERS.
Adam Poe, who, with his brother Andrew, had the noted fight with the Indians, once resided in this connty, in Wayne township, on the west fork of Little Beaver. The son of Andrew-Deacon Adam Poe-was living late as 1846 in the vicinity of Ravenna, Portage county, and had the tomahawk with which the Indian struck his father. The locality where the struggle occurred, he then told the author, was nearly opposite the month of Little Yellow creek. We annex the particulars of this affair from " Doddridge's Notes," substituting, however, the name of Andrew for Adam, and vice versa, as he then stated they should be placed :
In the summer of 1782 a party of seven Wyandots made an incursion into a settlement some distance below Fort Pitt, and several miles from the Ohio river. Here, finding an old man alone in a cabin, they killed him, packed up what plunder they could find, and commenced their retreat. Among their party was a celebrated Wyandot chief, who, in ad- dition to his fame as a warrior and counsellor, was, as to his size and strength, a real giant.
The news of the visit of the Indians soon spread through the neighborhood, and a party of eight good riflemen was collected, in a few hours, for the purpose of pursuing the in- dians. In this party were two brothers of the names of Adam and Andrew Poe. They were both famous for courage, size and ac- tivity.
This little party commenced the pursuit of the Indians, with a determination, if pos- sible, not to suffer then: to escape, as they usually did on such occasions, by making a speedy flight to the river, crossing it, and then dividing into small parties to meet at a distant point in a given time.
The pursuit was continued the greater part
of the night after the Indians had done the mischief. In the morning the party found themselves on the trail of the Indians, which led to the river. When arrived within a little distance of the river, Andrew Poe, fear- ing an ambuscade, left the party, who fol- lowed directly on the trail, to creep along the brink of the river bank, under cover of the weeds and bushes, to fall on the rear of the Indians, should he find them in ambuscade. He had not gone far before he saw the Indian rafts at the water's edge. Not seeing any Indians, he stepped softly down the bank, with his rifle cocked. When about half-way down, he discovered the large Wyandot chief and a small Indian, within a few steps of him. They were standing with their guns cocked, and looking in the direction of our party, who by this time had gone some distance lower down the bottom. Poe took aim at the large chief, but his rifle missed fire. The Indians, hearing the snap of the gun-lock, instantly turned round and discovered Poe, who being too near to retreat, dropped his gun and instantly sprang from the bank upon them, and seizing the large Indian by the
437
COLUMBIANA COUNTY.
cloths on his breast, and at the same time embracing the neck of the small one, threw them both down on the ground, himself being upmost. The Indian soon extricated himself, ran to the raft, got his tomahawk, and at- tempted to dispatch Poe, the large Indian holding him fast in his arms with all his might, the better to enable his fellow to effect his purpose. Poe, however, so well watched the motions of the Indian that when in the act of aiming his blow at his head, by a vig- orous and well-directed kick with one of his feet he staggered the savage and knocked the tomahawk out of his hand. This failure on the part of the small Indian was reproved by an exclamation of contempt from the large one.
In a moment the Indian caught up his tomahawk again, approached more cautiously brandishing his tomahawk, and making a number of feigned blows, in defiance and derision. Poc, however, still on his guard, averted the real blow from his head by throw- ing up his arm and receiving it on his wrist, in which he was severely wounded, but not so as to lose entirely the use of his hand.
In this perilous moment, Poe, by a violent effort, broke loose from the Indian, snatched up one of the Indian's guns, and shot the small Indian through the breast, as he ran up the third time to tomahawk him.
The large Indian was now on his feet, and grasping Poe by a shoulder -and leg, threw him down on the bank. Poe instantly disen- gaged himself and got on his feet. The In- dian then seized him again and a new strug- gle ensued, which, owing to the slippery state of the bank, ended in the fall of both combatants into the water.
In this situation, it was the object of each to drown the other. Their efforts to effect their purpose were continued for some time with alternate success, sometimes one being under the water, and sometimes the other. Poe at length seized the tuft of hair on the scalp of the Indian, with which he held his head under the water until he supposed him drowned.
Relaxing his hold too soon, Poe instantly found his gigantic antagonist on his feet again and ready for another combat. In this, they were carried into the water beyond their depth. In this situation, they were com- pelled to loose their hold on each other and swim for mutual safety. Both sought the shore to seize a gun and end the contest with bullets. The Indian being the best swimmer, reached the land first. Poe, seeing this, im- mediately turned back into the water to escape, if possible, being shot, by diving. Fortunately, the Indian caught up the rifle with which Poe had killed the other warrior.
At this juncture Adam Poe, missing his brother from the party, and supposing, from the report of the gun which he shot, that he was either killed or engaged in conflict with the Indians, hastened to the spot. On seeing him, Andrew called out to him to "kill the big Indian on shore." But Adam's gun.
like that of the Indian's, was empty. The contest was now between the white man and the Indian, who should load and fire first. Very fortunately for Poe, the Indian, in loading, drew the ramrod from the thimbles of the stock of the gun with so much violence, that it slipped out of his hand and fell a little distance from him ; he quickly caught it up, and rammed down his bullet. This little delay gave Poe the advantage. Ile shot the Indian as he was raising his gun to take aim at him.
As soon as Adam had shot the Indian, he jumped into the river to assist his wounded brother to shore ; but Andrew, thinking more of the honor of carrying the big Indian home, as a trophy of victory, than of his own safety, urged Adam to go back, and prevent the struggling savage from rolling into the river, and escaping. Adam's solicitude for the life of his brother prevented him from complying with this request.
In the mean time the Indian, jealous of the honor of his scalp, even in the agonies of death, succeeded in reaching the river and getting into the current, so that his body was never obtained.
An unfortunate occurrence took place dur- ing this conflict. Just as Adam arrived at the top of the bank, for the relief of his brother, one of the party who had followed close behind him, seeing Andrew in the river, and mistaking him for a wounded Indian, shot at him and wounded him in the shoulder. He, however, recovered from his wounds.
During the contest between Andrew Poe and the Indians, the party had overtaken the remaining six of them. A desperate conflict ensued, in which five of the Indians were killed. Our loss was three men killed, and Andrew Poe severely wounded.
Thus ended this Spartan conflict, with the loss of three valiant men on our part, and with that of the whole of the Indian party, with the exception of one warrior. Never, on any occasion, was there a greater display of desperate bravery, and seldom did a con- flict take place which, in the issue, proved fatal to so great a proportion of those en- gaged in it.
The fatal issue of this little campaign on the side of the Indians, occasioned an uni- versal mourning among the Wyandot nation. The big Indian, and his four brothers, all of whom were killed at the same place, were among the most distinguished chiefs and warriors of their nation.
The big Indian was magnanimous, as well as brave. He, more than any other indi- vidual, contributed by his example and influ- ence to the good character of the Wyandots, for lenity towards their prisoners. He would not suffer them to be killed or ill treated. This mercy to captives was an honorable distinction in the character of the Wyandots, and was well understood by our first settlers, who, in case of captivity, thought it a fortunate circumstance to fall into their hands.
438
COLUMBIANA COUNTY.
NEW LISBON IN 1846 .- New Lisbon, the county-seat, is in the towuship of Centre, 155 miles northeast of Columbus, 35 from Steubenville and 56 from Pittsburg. It is on the line of the Sandy and Beaver canal, on the middle fork of Little Beaver, and is surrounded by a populous and well-cultivated country. The town is remarkably compact and substantially built ; many of its streets are paved, and it has the appearance of a small city. The view was taken from the southeastern part of the public square, and shows, on the left, the county buildings, and on the right, the market. New Lisbon was laid out in 1802 by the Rev. Lewis Kinney, of the Baptist denomination, and proprietor of the soil ; a year or two after, it was made the county-seat. It contains 1 Friends' meeting house, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal and 1 Reformed Methodist, 1 Disciples, 1 Dutch Re- formed and 1 Seceder church, 3 newspaper printing offices, 2 woolen manufactories, 2 foundries, 2 flouring mills, 14 mercantile stores, and about 1,800 inhabitants. Carriage making and tanning are extensively carried on in this village .- Old Edition.
New Lisbon is on the north bank of Middle Beaver creek and Niles and New
Drawn by Henry Howe in 1846.
PUBLIC SQUARE, NEW LISBON.
Lisbon railroad. County officers in 1888 : Auditor, Norman B. Garrigues ; Clerk, Richardson Arter; Commissioners, Elwood Miller, Hugh MeFall, George D. Flugan ; Coroner, Samuel Badger ; Prosecuting Attorney, P. M. Smith ; Probate Judge, James G. Moore; Recorder, Abram Moore; Sheriff, John W. Wyman ; Surveyor, Isaac P. Farmer ; Treasurer, Jess. Kepner. Newspapers : Ohio Patriot, Democratic, Wilson Shannon Potts, editor ; Buckeye State, Republican, Ed. F. Moore, editor ; The Journal, Republican, George B. Corbett, editor. Churches are Friends, Presbyterian, United Presbyterian, Episcopal, Baptist, German Re- formed, Lutheran, Disciples, and Methodists. Banks : First National, J. F. Ben- ner, president, R. B. Pritchard, cashier ; Firestone Bros., Daniel W. Firestone, cashier ; Lodge & Small. Principal industries are carriage-making, quarrying of building-stone, sewer-pipe, fire-brick, and iron-ore mining. Population in 1880, 2,028. School census 1886, 684 ; Superintendent, William H. Van Fossan.
The Ohio Patriot, now published in New Lisbon, is one of the oldest newspapers in Ohio, and, with the exception of the Scioto (Chillicothe) Gazette, is the oldest with the same continuous name. It was established in 1808, by William D. Lepper, who brought the materials from Pittsburg. It was printed in a log-house on Beaver street. There were at that time only four newspapers published in the State, viz., one each at Chillicothe, Steubenville, Cincinnati, and at Marietta. The
439
COLUMBIANA COUNTY.
paper was only about the size of an 8 x 10 pane of window-glass, and the first year was printed in German, under the title of Der Patriot am Ohio. Until 1818 there was no newspaper printed in Cleveland, and the legal advertisements as well as the job-printing for Cuyahoga county were done in the office of the Ohio Patriot.
G. S. Moore, Photo., New Lisbon, 1886. STREET VIEW IN NEW LISBON.
[This view is on West Walnut street, looking easterly, and is very much like that of an English town. The cupola of the new court-house appears in the distance.]
About half a mile west of the fine large court-house in New Lisbon, which has succeeded the structure shown in the old view, is the Vallandigham homestead. Here Clement Laird Vallandigham first appeared July 29, 1820, then an infant, who was destined to act a prominent part in the history of the Nation's terrible struggle for existence ; to become " the bold leader of the Ohio Democracy in the turbulent times of 1863." It was with singular emotions in remembrance of his history that we stood in front of the place with the photographer, Mr. Moore, and selected the spot from whence we wished him to take the view which ap- pears on these pages.
The mansion is on the Canton road, on the margin of the town, on a knoll well elevated from the street. We felt as we looked that it was one of the most quaint old-style, home-like appearing spots we had seen for many a day. The grounds, ample with the surroundings that seem vital to the culmination of the happiest sort of life, garden, orchard, shrubbery, forest trees and grassy lawn, with a grand outlook upon not far distant bold-wooded hills. Personally we should prefer living in such a spot than in a regal city mansion, with its adjuncts of house and stone-walled, prison-like streets, and rattling, deafening vehicles, and tides of surging, worrying, care-laden, conflicting and never-to-be-satisfied, ever-complain- ing humanity. In these rural homes it is that nature woos the spirit with her gentle influences of trembling, dancing leaves and opening flowers and care-free animal life; where, too, morning comes on in smiling beauty and evening gently closes the scene for calm repose.
The 17th of September, 1863, was a proud day for the inmates of the mansion. It was in the midst of the exciting Vallandigham campaign when was witnessed the tremendous outpourings of the Democracy in every part of the State to bring back "their exiled hero" from Canada as Governor of Ohio. On that day one of those wild, surging, en- thusiastic political processions passed by the place.
"Over the gateway," said the Wellsville
Patriot, " was a plain white muslin, bearing the simple inscription, 'VALLANDIGHAM'S BIRTHPLACE,' and upon the grassy lawn, near the old homestead, now rendered dear to every freeman, stood the aged mother of Hon. C. L. Vallandigham, the great apostle and champion of human rights during the reign of terror and high-handed usurpations of the Lincoln administration. What must have been her feelings when that great pro- cession of freemen as they passed sent forth
COLUMBIANA COUNTY.
their hearty huzzas in honor of her exiled and persecuted son ! . . . 'Vallandigham's birthplace' is now consecrated and classical ground, and the present century will not have passed into eternity until pilgrimages will be made from every spot where the fire
of liberty is unquenched and sages and patriots will revere the spot and love to look upon it as every freeman does the hallowed grounds of Mount Vernon, Monticello, the Hermitage or Ashland."
The family still occupy the old home, and ere we left the place we obtained a pamphlet containing the lecture of Mr. Vallandigham upon the Bible, of which he was a close student, and a book, as he once wrote in a letter to his brother James, " without an intimate and constant study of which no man's education can be finished and no man's character can be complete."
The ancestors of Mr. Vallandigham were on the paternal side Huguenots and on the maternal Scotch-Irish. The family came from French Flanders and the original name was Van Lendeghem. It was under that name that his ancestors came to Stafford county, Virginia, in 1690. These were Michael Van Lendeghem and Jane, his wife. A son of these, who had become a lessee in Fairfax county under Lord Fairfax, for more agreeable sound and easier pronunciation, changed his family name from Van Lendeghem to Vallandigham. His father, Clement Vallandigham, was born in Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, was an Old School Presbyterian clergyman and came to New Lisbon in 1807, where he was ordained pastor and commenced preaching the Gospel under a tent. His congregation were largely Scotch-Irish people who had settled in and around the place. He died in 1839 and is remembered as a small man, who, though not a great preacher, was a most exemplary character, to whom his congregation were strongly at- tached, and he thus filled the very excellent role of a much-beloved village pastor.
His salary being insufficient for his support, he, to make up the deficiency and to prepare his four sons. for college, established a classical school in his own house, which is here shown by the engraving. This school was later continued by his two oldest sons. Here were taught the Armstrongs, the Begges, the Blocksomes, the Brookes, the Grahams, the Harbaughs, the Hissins, the McCooks, the McKaigs, the McMillans, the Richardsons and others who have occupied high positions in the professions and in business. Among them was the late General Wm. T. H. Brookes, a gallant officer in the Mexican war and in the late civil war, and Col. Geo. W. McCook, who was in 1871 the Democratic candidate for Governor of Ohio.
His son, Clement, here began his education, and before he was two years old acquired the alphabet and was ready for college years before be was old enough to enter. All through his early life he was a great reader and an untiring student.
Mr. Vallandigham graduated at Jefferson College, Cannonsburg, Pennsylvania, and began the practice of the law at New Lisbon. In 1845 he was elected to the Legislature, and, although the youngest member, became the leader of the Demo- cratic party in the House, but voted against the repeal of the Black Laws, pre- ferring to submit the question to popular vote, declaring that he so voted because the "measure would result in the most effectual putting down of this vexed question for perhaps twenty years to come. It would probably fail as the ques- tion of negro suffrage in New York, where the people had voted against it by a majority of 50,000."
In 1847 he removed to Dayton, where he became part owner and editor of. the Western Empire and continued the practice of his profession. In his salutatory address he said : " We will support the Constitution of the United States in its whole integrity," " protect and defend the Union," "maintain the doctrine of strict construction " and "stand fast to the doctrine also of STATE RIGHTS, as embodied in Mr. Madison's Virginia report and Mr. Jefferson's Kentucky resolu- tions of 1798." He also advocated "free trade," "a fixed tenure to every office under the Federal Government that will properly admit it " and " popular education."
The newspaper was not a satisfying scope for his larger ambition. He was a thoughtful, studious writer, but his pen was not adapted to the lighter but no
44
COLUMBIANA COUNTY.
less important details necessary for successful editorship. In 1852 he made a strenuous effort to secure the Democratic nomination for Lieutenant-Governor, but was defeated by Wm. Medill, and over this result he felt very bitter. In 1856 he was nominated by the Democracy of his district for Congress, his competitor being Col. Lewis D. Campbell, called the "Butler County Pony." The latter was declared elected. The election being contested, Vallandigham was awarded the seat. He continued a member until March, 1863, he having been defeated in his canvass for re-election in the State election the year before by Gen. Robert L. Schenck. While in Congress he was adjudged one of the ablest debaters and best parliamentarians on the floor of the House and as honest in his purposes and sincere in his convictions. He opposed the war because he believed that it was impossible to conquer the South.
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