Historical collections of Ohio in two volumes, an encyclopedia of the state, Volume I, Part 72

Author: Howe, Henry, 1816-1893
Publication date: 1907
Publisher: Cincinnati : Published by the state of Ohio
Number of Pages: 1006

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Morgan's men were very much fatigued, getting to sleep in their saddles and falling to the ground without waking. After they passed, Ned and a neighbor's boy, younger than he, and the darky concluded to follow them a while, and on their return met Hob- son's cavalry just out of Glendale. As soon as they saw them, Ned and the boy wheeled their horses into a cross road and called to the darky to follow; at the same time the cavalry were close to Newton and called on him to stop-they wanted his horse-and also that of the boy. Ned was on an old black and had on my spurs, and he put the horse to the top of his speed ; he had to go round a half square; two of the cavalry broke through the fence with their horses and thought to head them, but old black was too sharp for them, and when they saw they could not catch them, they both dis- charged their pieces, the balls striking in a potato patch near them ; by this time they had reached the Princeton pike, where they encountered two more and had another race

and two more shots after them, but the worn-out and jaded horses were no match for the fresh ones the boys rode, and the latter "made port with flying colors."

Newton in tre meantime was caught and compelled to swap my bay mare Kate for a three-year -d filly, shoeless, footsore and un- broken to harness. . Nearly all the neighbors kept patrol around their premises, so there could be an immediate alarm given, and the scouts were going and coming to our station to telegraph Gen. Burnside. There are any amount of incidents connected with the passage of Morgan's troopers through the county that are interesting, as showing their contempt for Vallandigham copper- heads ; one old copper lost three horses and thought to get them back, if they only knew what he was. So he harnessed up the poor- est horse he could get that would travel fast enough to catch them, and went after them, overtook the rear guard and told them he wanted to see the officer in command. The colonel came back and the old doctor began to say "that he was for Vallandigham, and opposed to the war," etc.

The colonel bade him drive up into the middle of the regiment, and as they could not be delayed they would listen to his com- plaints as they went along. Very soon word came to the colonel that two soldiers had given out entirely, and the colonel said to our doctor and his fellow-copperhead " that he should be under the necessity of using his wagon for the soldiers." The doctor pro- tested vehemently, "could not ride on horse- back at all." The colonel hinted that he need not trouble himself about that, as he intended him to walk. After trudging along until his feet were blistered he began to com- plain again, that his boots hurt him so that he could not walk, and begged for his wagon again ; but the colonel had a more conven- ient way of relieving him, and ordered a cou- ple of soldiers to pull off. his boots, which they did, and he went on in his stocking feet until they camped; his partner driving the wagon had not said anything about his poli- tics all this time. After they had camped the doctor thought his troubles were over ; but not so. They compelled him to learn a song and sing it, the chorus being, "I'll bet ten cents in specie, that Morgan 'Il win the race."

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COLUMBIANA COUNTY.

This was the sentiment, but not the exact words ; now, just imagine an old dignified chap, somewhat corpulent, who never smiled, the oracle of all the Democrats in the town where he lived, singing a song of that kind, set to a lively negro minstrel tune, and a soldier standing over him brandishing a sa- bre and shonting at the top of his voice, "Go it, old Yank ! Louder ! "Louder !" etc. -and you have the picture complete ; after all this they were about to depart, when the officer in command suddenly concluded the horse they were driving was better than some he had, and kindly permitted them to unhar- ness him and put another in his place ; they

then took what money he had except nine dollars, and brought him three little rats of horses, whose backs were raw from the with- ers to the rump, gave him three cheers and started him for home.

Thus far since his return he has not been heard to cry "Peace" once, or even "Hur- rah for Vallandigham !" and it is extremely doubtful whether he will.

The doctor's companion was a sort of "Lail fellow, well met," and although begged not to tell the story could not pos- sibly resist it; it was entirely too good to keep.

The capture of Morgan occasioned great rejoicing, and Prentice, of the Lonis- ville Journal, the newspaper wag of that era, alluding to the habitual seizure of horses by Morgan's men, suggested that a salute of one gun be fired before every stable door in the land. One who was present just after the surrender wrote : " Morgan's men were poorly dressed, ragged, dirty and very badly used up. Some of them wore remnants of gray uniforms, but most of them were attired in spoils gathered during the raid. They were much discouraged at the result of the raid and the prospect of affairs generally. Morgan himself appeared in good spirits and quite unconcerned at his ill Inek. He is a well-built man, of fresh com- plexion, sandy hair and beard. He last night enjoyed for the first time in a long while the comforts of a sound sleep in a good bed. Morgan was attired in a linen coat, black pants, white shirt and light felt hat. He has rather a mild face, there being certainly nothing in it to indicate unusual intellectual abilities." Reid says of him : " He left a name second only to those of Forrest and Stnart among the cavalrymen of the Confederacy, and a character, amid which much to be eon- demned, was not without traces of a noble nature."

Among the anecdotes told of him during his raid through Ohio is this. A Union soldier, after his surrender, was in the aet of breaking his musket across a rock, when one of Morgan's officers drew a revolver, intending to shoot him, which Morgan seeing at once forbade, and then added : "Never harm a man who has surrendered. In breaking his musket, he has done just as I would were I in his place."

Morgan was a lieutenant of cavalry in the Mexican war. At the opening of the civil war he was engaged in the manufacture of bagging at Lexington, Ky. During the winter of 1862-63 he commanded a cavalry force which greatly an- noyed Rosecrans's communications. By his raids in Kentucky he destroyed mil- lions in value of military stores, captured railroad trains and destroyed railroad bridges in rear of the national army, rendering it necessary to garrison every im- portant town in the State. He moved with great celerity, and, taking a telegraph operator with him, he misled his foes and at the same time learned their move- ments. Morgan was physically a large, powerful man and could endure any amount of bodily exertion, outriding and without sleep almost every other man in his command.

EAST LIVERPOOL is on the Ohio river and a railway through the valley, the Cleveland & Pittsburg river division, 48 miles west of Pittsburg and about 100 miles southeast of Cleveland. It is very pleasantly located in the midst of the bold, picturesque scenery of the upper Ohio. It was first settled by Thomas Fawcett, who came from Pennsylvania about 1799. The name of St. Clair was given to the village after the township in which it was then situated, but it was called Faw- cettstown for many years. In 1830 a post-office was established with the name of East Liverpool, to distinguish it from Liverpool in Medina county. From this time on the town gradually grew, and in 1834 the village of East Liverpool was incorporated.

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COLUMBIANA COUNTY.

East Liverpool has 4 newspapers : Crisis, Dem., J. C. Deibrick, publisher ; Evening and Weekly Review, Rep., W. B. McCord, publisher ; Potter's Gazette, Rep., Frank Scrawl, publisher ; Tribune, Rep., J. N. Simms, editor. Churches : Episcopal, Catholic, Presbyterian, United Presbyterian, Methodist Episcopal, Methodist Protestant, Evangelieal Lutheran and St. John's German Lutheran. Banks : First National, Josiah Thompson, president, F. D. Kitchel, cashier.

Manufactures and Employees .- McNicol, Burton & Co., pottery ware, 113 hands ; Burford Brothers, pottery ware, 59; Dresden Co-operative Co., pottery ware, 222; S. & W. Baggot, pottery ware, 48; H. Brunt & Sons, 31; Rowe & Mounfort, pottery supplies, 35; Standard Co-operative Pottery Co., pottery ware, 61; Goodwin Brothers, pottery ware, 170; Golding & Sons Co., flint and spar, 8 ; C. C. Thompson & Co., pottery ware, 205 ; Cartwright Brothers, pottery ware, 84; Croxall & Cartwright, pottery ware, 47; Knowles, Taylor & Knowles, pottery ware, 613; A. J. Bover, machine work, 14; Monroe Patterson, pottery machinery, 5; George Morely & Sons, pottery ware, 49; J. Wyllie & Son, pot- tery ware, 66; Vodrey Brothers, pottery ware, 64; William Brunt, Son & Co.,

H. Bower, Photo., East Liverpool, 1887. KNOWLES, TAYLOR & KNOWLES' POTTERY, EAST LIVERPOOL.

[The view shows what is said to he the largest pottery in capacity and production in the world. The fuel is natural gas. The decorating building appears on the left, the main works on the right and the hills on the Virginia side of the Ohio in the distance.]

pottery ware, 190; Homer Laughlin, pottery ware, 137; George Harker, pottery ware, 105 ; Friederick, Shenkle, Allen & Co., pottery ware, 50; Burgess & Co., pottery material, 22; East Liverpool Spindling Works, door-knob spindles, 13; R. Thomas & Sons, knob tops, 46; Wallace & Chetwynd, pottery ware, 101 .- State Report for 1887.

Population in 1880, 5,568. School census in 1886, 2,582; A. J. Surface, superintendent.

The great feature of East Liverpool is its pottery industry. Being in the heart of a country rich in mineral and chemical deposits, it has grown to be the centre of the pottery interests of the United States. Although in the immediate vicinity of East Liverpool are valuable coal beds, most of its factories use natural gas.

The first pottery was established in 1840 by James Bennett for the manufacture of yellow ware from clay discovered in the vicinity of the town. Mr. Bennett was financially aided in this enterprise by Nathan Kearns and Benj. Harker. Al . most immediately after Harker established the present works of Geo. S. Harker

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& Co., but it was not until 1862 that any great progress was made, when Con- gress imposed a tariff of 40 per cent. on imported carthenware, which resulted in giving a new impetns to the industry. Up to 1873 none but yellow ware had been produced. In that year Messrs. Knowles, Taylor & Knowles turned their attention to the production of white granite ware, meeting with suecess. Others followed their example, among them being Homer and S. M. Laughlin, who in the autumn of the same year built a large factory for the production of white ware. Since then considerable attention has been given to the manufacture of C. C., or eream-colored, ware and to decorative pottery. At the present time over fifty kilns are devoted to the manufacture of white ware, twelve or more to cream- colored ware and over thirty to yellow ware. The value of the yearly production of a white ware kiln is from $30,000 to $35,000, a C. C. kiln about $25,000 and a yellow ware kiln $15,000 to $18,000, while the annual output of all the pot- teries is more than $2,000,000.

Senator John Sherman, in an address at Liverpool, June 23, 1887, gave a very interesting account, from the standpoint of a protectionist, of the growth and causes that led to the development of this great industry. Said he :

Several years ago I came among you, but I was not then as familiar with the great industry that has given you wealth and a name throughout the land as well as abroad as I am now. I believe that the manufacturing of pottery or chinaware first assumed large proportions here in 1861 or 1862, but at that time it met with discouragements and did not prosper. At that time all, or nearly all, the white china used in this country was imported from England. The English manufacturers, hearing of your efforts and your success through their representatives, made strenuous efforts to keep off a duty on their goods. You came to Congress and asked that a reasonable duty be placed upon imported white ware and decorated china that you might carry on successfully and profit- ably your industry. It was there that I first learned of the great industry you were pursuing.

At that time this business was scarcely known in the United States. We had here in this locality all the clay and all the materials for manufacturing their goods, and you had the money and the pluck and ability to utilize them. But with English competition and cheap labor in that country you could not succeed. All the people in the West used common brown pottery because they could not afford to pay the high price asked for imported ware. I have eaten my meals many a time from the brown plates or from the tin ware in the homes of good and honest men who could not afford to buy the English china. Owing to the encouragement given to the tariff after the war, this industry grew and you pros- pered. I then visited your town and your potteries and found you had been going ahead and were manufacturing superior ware, and in 1883, when an attempt was made to break down the tariff on these goods, with your true friend, Major Mckinley, and others, we stood by you and the tariff was continued. A gentleman said to me East Liverpool cannot compete with England, and the attempts of the potteries in that place will be futile, and argued that it was better to break down the tariff and depend upon England. .... The result of the pro- tection given you has driven English goods from our market, and it has brought English labor in your midst, skilled workmen who are making finer and better goods than England can make and selling them cheaper. I was astonished to-day when I saw the kind and class of goods you are making, and have never seen any decorated ware more beautiful or more delicate in Europe. The time is not far distant when the works of art in china from East Liverpool will sell as high and be in as great demand as the finest goods from Europe.

Your country here, fellow-citizens, is beautiful; your hills are grand, and buried under you by the magic wand of the enchanter is that marvelous dis- covery, natural gas, which by the light of a friction-match is even now illumining the world, and will work revolutions in your potteries and in all the industries in the United States. You have coal or gas, railroad, a river and protection. Go on in good work, and East Liverpool will soon rival the old Liverpool of Eng- land.

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COLUMBIANA COUNTY.

TRAVELLING NOTES.

May 2 .- Came to-day from Martin's Ferry by rail through the valley to East Liverpool, passing Steubenville ; returned at 8 P. M. to Steubenville. East Liverpool lies on undu- lating ground well elevated from the river and only two or three miles from that giant State, Pennsylvania. The potteries are some- what scattered; some by the river bank ; some on the second level near the high valley hills.

The town is open, the buildings scattered,

the streets wide and airy ; one is named Broadway. A certain quarter, on a side hill, consists mainly of dwellings, and, being away from the observation of strangers, bears the eccentric appellation "Seldom Seen," so I was told, for by me it was " Never Seen."'

The ride up the river was attractive, for from Steubenville one passes through sev- eral pottery villages, as Calumet, Toronto, Walker's, etc. This part of the valley is a hive of industry for the manufacture of what are called " clay goods." The development

Filson, Photo., Steubenville.

THE DECLINE OF DAY ON THE UPPER OHIO.

[The view was taken near the close of day from Huscroft's farm on the Richmond road about three miles above Steubenville, looking up the Ohio. The Englebright or Half Moon farm appears in the distance on the right or West Virginia side of the river.]

of this industry is enormous ; it is estimated that of white were alone E. Liverpool produces one-third of all manufactured in the United States; Trenton one-half, leaving only one- 'sixth to the scattered establishments else- where.

Of white ware Knowles, Taylor & Knowles produce twice as much as any other two companies in the country. Beside the 500 hands employed under cover in their works they have 700 men in their pay in the coun- try. They use fifteen tons of clay daily and turn out a crate of ware every ten minutes.

The shades of evening were over the valley when I boarded the cars for Steubenville. The scenery was impressive ; the broad curv- ing river and the bold lofty hills misty in the deepening shadows of the coming night loomed up almost alpine, their summit lines and forms in continuous change by the changing position of my lookout from the cars, now elongated and then massed as in peaks. Surely no scenery could surpass it in grandeur. I remember nearly forty years since going through the same region in a steamer with the mother of the gifted Mar

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COLUMBIANA COUNTY.

garet Fuller. the Countess D'Ossoli ; Mar- garet was said to have been not only the best conversationalist of her time but to have the magnetic faculty by her speech to so stimu- late the talking powers of any ordinary mor- tal as to astonish listening relatives to discover that "our Jack " or "Dolly "-whichever it was-knew so much.

Willis said "nature uncorks her champagne twice a day, morning and evening." Then shade darkens into shade in infinite gradation, while the high lights on the distant water or the mountain summits attract with a power of beauty akin to Divine truth on the heart of man. On that long ago passage up the river it was towards the close of a day in early June that we sat on the upper deck and drank in the beauty of the upper Ohio. From the continual changes in the valley the river came under the eye as a succession of beauti- ful lakes bordered with grassy meadows and softly sloping wood-crowned hills.

Just above Steubenville, on the West Vir- ginia side, is a spot known as the Englebright or Half Moon farm, which is greatly admired. It occupies a broad expanse of meadow land a mile and a half long in the shape of a half moon, with the river on the west making the inner curve, while lofty hills frame the outer convex line.

Cole, the artist, in his youth, nearly seventy years ago, lived in Steubenville. He made studies of the Ohio river scenery and intro- duced it largely in his pictures, notably in his celebrated series, "The Voyage of Life." He was early famous for his exquisite paintings of our autumnal scenery, and took some specimens to England. The English critics, who knew nothing of the glories of our forests at that season, their own being devoid of any such brilliancy of hue, pooh- poohed at his pictures as untruthful and farcical.

In travelling through the West one often meets with scenes that remind him of another land. The foreigner who makes his home upon American soil does

Drawn by Henry Howe in 1846.

THE COTTAGE OF A GERMAN SWISS EMIGRANT.

not at once assimilate in language, modes of life, and current of thought with that congenial to his adopted country. The German emigrant is peculiar in this respect, and so much attached is he to his fatherland that years often elapse ere there is any perceptible change. The annexed engraving illustrates these remarks. It shows the mud cottage of a German Swiss emigrant, now standing in the neigh- borhood of others of like character, in the northwestern part of this county. The frame-work is of wood, with the interstices filled with light-colored clay, and the whole surmounted by a ponderous shingled roof of a picturesque form. Beside the tenement hop vines are clustering around their slender supporters, while hard by stands the abandoned log-dwelling of the emigrant-deserted for one more congenial with his early predilections.

The preceding paragraph is from our original edition. This Swiss cottage was in Knox township on the old State road about sixty rods west of the Mahoning, and near the site of a Switzer cheese factory. This township was settled by Swiss and is noted for its manufacture of Switzer cheese.

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COLUMBIANA COUNTY.

On our first appearing in this county we unexpectedly came across this unique structure, when we alighted from old Pomp and made a pencil sketch for this engraving. On our second appearing we learned it had stood up to within a few years ; and as there is, alas! nothing permanent in this world, gone too must be that feeding curly tailed specimen in the foreground, whose sole business and high pleasure in life was to eat, grunt and grow fat ; his usefulness to our kind coming when he should no longer eat but be eaten.

WELLSVILLE IN 1846 .- Wellsville is at the mouth of Yellow creek, on the great bend of the Ohio river, where it approximates nearest to Lake Erie, fifty miles below Pittsburg and fourteen from New Lisbon. It was laid out in the autumn of 1824 by William Wells, from whom it derived its name. Until 1828 it contained but a few buildings; it is now an important point for the shipment and transshipment of goods, and does a large business with the surrounding country. The landing is one of the best, in all stages of water, on the river. This flourish- ing town has 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal Methodist, 1 Reformed Methodist, and 1 Disciples church, 1 newspaper printing-office, 1 linseed-oil and 1 saw-mill, 1

ENTERTAINMENT. BY W: HAMILTON.

OHIO

LITTLE BEN

Drawn by Henry Howe in 1846. WELLSVILLE, ON THE OHIO.

pottery, 1 raw-carding machine, 1 foundry, 16 mercantile stores, and in 1840 had a population of 759, and in 1846, 1,066. The view, taken from the Virginia bank of the Ohio, shows but a small part of the town. About a mile below, on the river-bank, in a natural grove, are several beautiful private dwellings. The "Cleveland and Pittsburg railroad," ninety-seven miles in length, will commence at Cleveland and terminate at Wellsville, and whenever built will tend to make Wellsville a place of great business and population. A survey for this work has been recently made, and there is a good prospect of its being constructed .- Old Edition.

Wellsville, situated on the Ohio river, at the confluence of Little Yellow creek, forty-eight miles below Pittsburg, on the P. C. & W. R. R. Newspapers : Evening Journal, Independent, Edward B. Clark, publisher ; Union, Republican, F. M. Hawley, publisher ; Saturday Review, W. B. MeCord, publisher. Churches: Presbyterian, Methodist, Disciples, Episcopal, Catholie, and Baptist. Banks : First National, J. W. Reilly, president, James Henderson, cashier ; Silver Bank- ing Company, Thomas H. Silver, president, F. W. Silver, cashier

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COLUMBIANA COUNTY.

Manufactures and Employees .- C. & P. R. R. shops, railroad repairs, 295 hands ; Wellsville Plate and Sheet-Iron Company, plate and sheet-iron, 210; Wellsville Terra-Cotta Works, sewer-pipe, etc., 45 ; Whitacre & Co., wood-turning, 45 ; Stevenson & Co., sewer-pipe machinery, 25 ; J. Patterson & Son, yellow-ware, 32; Pioneer Pottery Works, white granite-ware, 87 .- State Report for 1887. Population in 1880, 3,377. School census, 1,386 ; James L. McDonald, super- intendent.

WALKER's, forty-six miles below Pittsburg, on the Cleveland and Pittsburg railroad, two miles east of Wellsville and two west of East Liverpool, is the loca- tion of the oldest and most extensive works in America manufacturing terra-cotta and vitrified clay goods. The works are built at the foot of the highest bluff on the Ohio between Pittsburg and Cairo, with a frontage of more than a mile on the river. Here are over 300 acres of land rich in clay and coal, on which are erceted factories and dwellings for operatives. The deposits of clay are said to be the richest and largest in the Union, yielding a great variety of clays suitable for fire- brick, sewer-pipe, and fancy terra-cotta wares. This great industry was established in 1852 by Mr. N. U. Walker.

The place has the advantage of low freightage to all points on the Ohio and Mississippi. The Cleveland and Pittsburg railroad also runs through the works, with ample sidings and direct communications with all main lines running east and west.

The Ohio "Geological Report " says : " Nearly all the river works make terra- cotta, but at N. U. Walker's the best ware of this district and the most of it is made. His daily product would amount to twenty-four tons of ware-about twenty in flues, etc., and four in statuary and finer grades of work."

LEETONIA, at the intersection of the P. Ft. W. & C. R. R. and Niles and New Lisbon R. R., was laid out in 1866 by the Leetonia Coal and Iron Company, of which William Lee, a railroad contractor, was one of the incorporators, and from him the village took its name. In 1866 the post-office was opened and first hotel started. Few places in the State can show such rapid growth in the same period of time. In 1865 it had but a single farmhouse ; in 1870 a population of 1,800; it now contains about 3,000. Newspaper : Democrat, Democratic, T. S. Arnold, publisher. Churches : Presbyterian, Methodist, Disciples, Catholic, Lutheran. Bank : First National, William Smiek, president, W. G. Hendricks, cashier.

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Historical collections of Ohio in two volumes, an encyclopedia of the state, Volume I, Part 72

Author: Howe, Henry, 1816-1893 Publication date: 1907 Publisher: Cincinnati : Published by the state of Ohio Number of Pages: 1006

Author: Howe, Henry, 1816-1893
Publication date: 1907
Publisher: Cincinnati : Published by the state of Ohio
Number of Pages: 1006