USA > Ohio > Columbiana County > History of Columbiana County, Ohio and representative citizens > Part 17
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The business had decreased rapidly after 1835, however, the State reports for 1841 showing but eight salt-wells in operation in the county, with a production of 2,800 barrels of salt yearly. Notwithstanding this apparent decline of the industry, a company formed in 1866, composed of about 30 men, most of them. from New Lisbon, abandoned a search for oil in that year and turned their attention to the manufacture of salt .. The company had been organized to test the rumored oil deposits along the middle fork of Litle Beaver Creek, a short distance northwest of New Lisbon. At about 687 feet depth salt water was struck, and simultaneously a strong vein of gas. The gas and salt water shot up 100 feet above the sur- face, the gushing process continuing for sev- eral days. The search for oil was abandoned, and the manufacture of salt was continued for. many years successfully. While the well con- tinued to flow, for about two years, the yield of salt was 15 barrels a day. Then for several years the gas was used for fuel under the boiler, and by the pumping process the yield of salt was increased to 30 barrels a day. The com- pany dissolved in a few years, but R. G. Eells continued to operate the plant with good success until almost 1880, that being the last production of salt in Columbiana County. Peter Young was president of the company : John A. Myers, secretary and Baltzer Brown, James Starr, R. G. Eells and J. A. Morron among the stock- holder. Several salt-wells were bored during the '40's and '50's between East Liverpool and Wellsville, but the industry never proved suc- cessful. In 1880 the county was accredited
with nine producing wells, and the production was given at 43,800 bushels. In the following year, 1881, only one well was in operation.
DEVELOPING THE COAL FIELDS.
The coals of Columbiana County are all of the bituminous type, varying greatly in sulphur, slate and other substances. Some of the veins furnish coal so free from sulphur as to be available for the manufacture of iron without coking. The coal product is all excel- lent for steam purposes.
The railroads made the coal fields profita- ble. Before the locomotive invaded Colum- biana's verdure-clad hills, where the fuel crop- ped out on every hand, coal had been mined in a small way tor local use, but there were no facilities for shipment. All the more productive coal veins were back from the river, which was the only means for transportation of the more bulky freight. But small local coal "banks" were opened in the sides of the hills, and the coal re- placed the wood to a large extent in many local- ities. Charcoal was even made for local use --- at New Lisbon as early as 1808, when Gideon Hughes established his iron furnace. Indeed, up until 1905 a great field of coal in the center of the county in the vicinity of West Point, Madison township, extending north to Lisbon and south almost to the river, still remained practically undeveloped, owing to the lack of railroad transporation. Efforts had been made for more than 20 years to build a railroad which would open up this great field, but all had failed.
The extent of the coal veins underlying. Columbiana County are referred to at length in Chapter II of this work, under the head of geological formations. Work on a large scale was begun in the "Columbiana" and "strip" veins at Salineville, and in the cannel coal fields near East Palestine at about the same time. Coal had been mined along the banks of Little Yellow Creek, near Salineville, in small way, for years before the Cleveland & Pittsburg Railroad came through the town in 1852; but the railroad gave the mines a great stimulus. James Penrose is said to have been:
125
AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS.
the first person to ship coal out of Salineville. His mine was at the upper end of the town, and was afterward acquired and operated for years by the Ohio & Pennsylvania Coal Com- pany. This first mine to attain importance commercially was a "drift" or bank, run into the hillside, as were all the early mines about Salineville. It was not until years after that the Ohio & Pennsylvania Coal Company op- erated the first "shaft" mine.
By the latter part of 1852 John Thompson and Jehu Miller had both opened mines in what was known as the "three-foot" vein, and were shipping coal. About that time the locomotives on the Cleveland & Pittsburg road began using coal instead of wood for fuel, and the railroad thus became a large customer of the Salineville mines. Hayes & Hussey were also prominent miners about this time, and a number of miners with small capital opened coal banks and began digging coal for sale in the near vicinitv. James Farmer, who had removed to Cleveland in 1856, took a very prominent part in the devel- opment of the wealth which underlay the town.
The first concern to undertake to develop the coal field at Salineville on a really large scale, however, was the Ohio & Pennsylvania Coal Company, which organized in 1867 with a capital of $80,000, and absorbed six of the largest mines in the town, operating them to the limit of their capacity. Two hundred miners were employed from the start, and Salineville became one of the prosperous communities of the county. By 1875 the company's output was 800 tons daily. James F. Clark, the first president of the company, died in 1884, and was succeeded at his death by Daniel McGary. The Ohio & Pennsylvania Coal Company was still in 1905 the largest producing plant in the Salineville field, running at a capacity of from 700 to 800 tons daily. In 1905 J. B. Zerbe was president and S. H. Needs, secretary.
Two other companies were prominent in the early development in Salineville-the Man- ufacturers' Coal Company, organized by James Farmer in 1872, which for a number of years controlled two mines, and the Columbiana Coal Company, which was organized by Morrison Foster and others, of Pittsburg, in 1877. and whichit achieved a capacity at one time of 300 7
tons daily from two mines. This company worked out its properties and abandoned them about 1900. One of the Farmer mines had been opened as early as 1852. The Osborns of Cleveland, opened a "strip-vein" mine about 1875, which was later purchased by Harry Kirk, who continued to operate it in 1905 .. One of the earlier Salineville mines was the "Hayes" mine, the last manager of which was Matthew Brown (until 1860). From 1866. to 1888 Matthew Brown owned and operated one of the then leading mines of the Salineville field.
The Big Vein Coal Company of Cleveland in the '80's sunk a shaft near the Cleveland & Pittsburg Railroad station, in Salineville, and in 1905 had, for about 25 years, been the sec- ond largest producing coal mine concern in the Salineville field. About 1900 the company took: over the Cedar Hill mine, but in 1905 the latter had been closed. Frank Osborn, of Cleveland,. in 1905 was president and the largest stock- holder of the Big Vein Coal Company. The: Davis mine, opened about 1865, was run for some 35 years with varying success. Latterly Henry Sutherin had been manager. It was closed down in 1901. Hetherington Brothers opened a mine across the Carroll County line. about 1895, which in a few years they sold to the Sterlings of Cleveland. In 1887 the Brown Brothers (William E. and John C.) bought the Anderson mine, which they operated for many years. Among the smaller mines operated dur- ing the later years of the past century and the earlier years of the new were those of James Strabley and Robert Vasey.
The output of coal in the Salineville field in 1904 was as follows (that of the two prin- cipal companies being given separately, and then the total from the entire field) : Ohio & Pennsylvania Coal Company, 110,406 tons; Big Vein Coal Company, 75,461 tons ; total for 1904 of all companies in field, 285,878 tons. This amount includes the coal shipped by rail from Salineville and that taken by loco- motives for fuel, but is exclusive of that taken for home consumption and the local trade of the small mines, which would add several thous- and tons to the year's production.
As a result of the early mining of coal with-
126
HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY
out sufficient bracing, and the undermining of portions of the town of Salineville by the old banks, portions of the town in the hill district on several occasions during the '80's and '90's gave evidence of possible collapse, causing รข scare for a time. Little serious damage was really apparent, however, aside from the wreck- ing of one or two houses, and the settling of the foundations of several buildings.
EAST PALESTINE'S MINES.
Before 1840 many of the farmers of the vicinity of East Palestine opened small coal banks, and the local coal was used for fuel in the early manufactories of the town in those days. In 1854 many banks were mining the Cannel coal which was easily obtained near the surface, and as early as 1854 a company was organized at East Palestine which for several years extracted oil from the coal, and sold the product at a profit, until the petroleum of later days compelled the abandonment of the enter- prise. About 1860 a New York company opened a mine on what was known as "Car- bon Hill," and built a spur from the Pennsyl- vania Railroad tracks by which to ship their product. A few years later the property was sold to Tucker, Brown & Company, and in 1865 it was absorbed by the Carbon Hill Coal Company, organized mainly by Chicago men, James Mullins being the manager of the con- cern. The company abandoned the mine in 1871, however.
Enoch Lawton, James Sutherin and An- drew Burnett formed the Prospect Hill Coal Company about 1868, running a track to their mine, in section 36 of Unity township. Here in the following 10 years were opened four drift mines, and the production grew to be the largest in the field. In April, 1879, Enoch .Lawton, one of the owners, was found dead by suffocation in an unused portion of the work- ings, and for several years after his death James Sutherin operated the mines on a lease. Later the company was reorganized, with Grant Hill as superintendent. In 1905 four electric machines were in use, and the product was about 250 tons daily.
The State Line Coal Company, organized in 1874, soon became the most important of the mining ventures at East Palestine. C. B. Herron, J. W. Chalfil and James Mullins were the chief spirits in the organization of the con- cern, and mines were opened east of the town. near the Pennsylvania State line. The veins were nearly four feet in thickness, and the com- pany prospered from the start. Hugh Laugh- lin was superintendent from the opening of the property, continuing in that capacity in. 1905. Four hundred men were employed during the latter part of the '70's, the monthly pay-roll at that period running as high as $10,000, with an output of 50 cars a day. In 1905 the work had extended more than a mile (underground) into Pennsylvania. About an acre per week was being excavated, the daily production being about 350 tons of screened coal. James Mul- lins was president and W. J. Mullins, secretary and treasurer.
COKE INDUSTRY AT LEETONIA.
Early in 1866 the coal mines of the Lee- tonia Coal & Iron Company-afterward the Cherry Valley Iron Company-were opener1 to the east of the town of Leetonia, in Salem township, and there the best coking coal in the county was found, ovens being erected imme- diately in connection with the company's fur- naces. About 1874 extensive mines were opened by Cleveland parties on the Samue" Shelton farm, on the line of the Niles & New Lisbon Railroad, and operated for many years. Coleman & Thompson, a Cleveland firm, be- gan operations near by about the same time. The Cherry Valley Iron. Company's mines at Washingtonville were abandoned in 1904, be- cause of wage differences between the opera- tors and miners. Prior to that date they had been running at a capacity of from 250 to 300 tons a day. In 1905 the company had in oper- ation 200 coke ovens. Connellsville coal was used in the making of coke in these ovens.
The Niles & New Lisbon Railroad. com- pleted through this section in 1866, and touch- ing the towns of. Washingtonville. Leetonic, Franklin Square and Teegarden. proved a great
AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS.
127
incentive to the development of the coal lands at those points. The construction of the Pitts- burg. Lisbon & Western Railroad from New Galilee, Pennsylvania, into New Lisbon in 1887, also greatly stimulated the coal mining indus- try along its entire length, and in the neigh- borhood of the county seat as well. And so in 1903. in addition to the larger mines which have been given mention in detail, located in the larger mining centers, mines are in opera- tion at New Waterford, Salem, Lisbon, Elk- ton, Negley, East Fairfield and Teegarden. The ownership of these mines, number of men employed, etc., are mentioned in the table found in this chapter, which is copied from the Ohio State mine report for 1903.
COAL PRODUCTION IN 1903.
The Ohio State mine report for 1903 gave reports from 35 mining operators in Colum- biana county. It showed a capital invested
that year in coal mining of $841,265 ; value of coal mined, $1,078,575.09; wages paid during year, $801,349.28; number of men employed, 1,354; average days worked during year, -- pick miners, 236; machine miners, 220. The county in 1903 ranked tenth in the State in ton- nage, producing 874,602 tons, compared with 868,426 tons the year preceding. Of this total for 1903, 572,000 tons were lump, 137,000 nut, and 164,000 pea and slack. The produc- tion for 1903 was thus 21.710,650 bushels, as compared with 5.241.925 bushels in 1870 and 11,423,574 bushels in 1880. Of the output in 1903, 328,000 tons were mined by machines, electric machines being in use in six mines. In addition to the 35 large mine operators report- ing in 1903, the State report showed 48 small mines in the county, employing less than 10 men each. Four new mines had been opened during the year. The mines given by the State report as in operation during 1903 were as follows :
Mine.
Owner or Operator.
No. of Miners
No. Day Hands
Employed.
Opening.
Thickness of Vein.
Location of Mine.
New Shaft.
Big Vein Coal Co , Cleveland. O
64
47
Shaft
5
Salineville
Cedar Hill.
Big Vein Coal Co., Cleveland, O
68
21
Drift .....
Salineville
Slope No. 1.
O. & P. Coal Co .. Cleveland. O.
140
32
Slope
5%
Salineville
Slope No. 2.
O. & P. Coal Co., Cleveland. O ..
17
8
Slope
41
Salineville
Strabley.
James S. Strabley, Salineville, O.
19
6
Drift.
44
Salineville
Salisbury
Norris Mining & Mfg Co . Pittsburg, Pa
27
13
Drift.
3ft 10 in Salineville
Kirk ..
Kirk & Deveny, Salineville. O.
20
4
Drift
2ft 10 in Salineville
Salem Shaft.
Salem Mining Co., Salem, O ..
48
15
Drift.
Salem
Fairfield No. 2
Fairfield Coal Co., Wooster, O
70
17
Drift.
3.
N. Waterford
Peerless .
Townsend Coal Co., Cleveland. O.
24
8
Slope . Slope ..
3ft 4
in Salem
Cherry Valley
Cherry Valley Iron Works, Leetonia, O
70
27
Slope ..
3
Washingtonville
Pine Hill.
Card & Prosser, Lisbon, O.
28
9
Shaft.
34
Lisbon
Prosser No. 4
Card & Prosser, Lisbon, ()
35
7
Drift.
2
Lisbon
Lisbon .
Lisbon Coal Co., Lisbon, O.
70
20
Drift.
3
Elkton
32
9
Drift. Drift.
3
Negley
Leetonia.
Leetonia Coal Co., Leetoma, O.
65
19
Slope ..
3ft 4
in Leetonia
Prospect Hill No. 2.
Prospect Hill Coal Co., East Palestine. O.
46
12
Slope .
3ft 10 in E. Palestine
State Line ..
National Fire Proofing Co., E. Palestine, O
13
7
Drift.
4
E. Palestine
E. Palestine
Farquhar
Lemmon Coal Co. Salem. O ..
11
6
Shaft ..
co
Salem Salem
Pine Hollow
Pine Hollow Coal Co .. Salem, O
12
4
Drift.
Cc
Salem
Wheat Hill
Wheat Hill Coal Co., East Palestine. O
6
2
Drift.
4
E. Palestine
McMillen
R. McMillen, E. Palestine, O ....
4
1
Drift.
Drift ...
2ft 9
in Salem
Beech Ridge
Joe Shriver, Salem. O.
6
Drift.
3
Salem
Shepherd
Jesse Shepherd, Salem, O.
6
Drift.
8
Salem
Neiheisel.
Neiheisel Bros., Leetonia. O
7
10
Drift.
2ft 9
in
Booth.
A. K McMillen. Negley. O
5
3
Drift.
3ft 4
in Negley Salem
Howell ..
C. Howell, Salem, O ...
4
1
Drift ..
12ft y in Salem
James Sheen, Salem, O.
5
Shaft ..
3
Lisbon
New House.
Herriott Coal Co., Elkton, O.
16
6
Drift.
3
Negley
State Line No. 2. McNab .
National Fire Proofing Co., E. Palestine, O. McNab Coal Co., Salem, O ..
16
9
Shaft ..
5
2
Drift ..
E. Palestine
Sears
James Leeper, Salem. O. Auld & Son, Salem, O
Salem
Bonsall.
Powers Mining Co., Negley, O.
12
4
Drift.
00
Salem
Big Walnut
Peerless Coal Co., Cleveland. O
9
46
12
Pleasant Valley No. 6 .. Pleasant Valley No. 7 ..
Powers Mining Co., Negley, O
. Sheen. Shaft.
Employed.
128
HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY
THE PIONEERS IN OIL.
In 1860, oil was discovered at Smith's Ferry, in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, just east of the Ohio and Pennsylvania State line. Within a few years the excitement extended to the southern townships of Columbiana County, and Pittsburg capitalists invaded the vicinity of East Liverpool and drilled a number of wells. They struck nothing better than nat- ural gas; and, that product being considered useless, the wells were abandoned. Clabourne Simms sunk a well in the West End of East Liverpool, near Jethro, about 1860, and struck gas and salt water. For a time gas was used as fuel in extracting the salt, and the well yielded eight to ten barrels of salt daily for years.
Meantime the oil fever had struck St. Clair township. In May, 1865, George Hamilton .
drilled a well on his farm near Fredericktown, but the oil obtained was of a heavy quality, such as was used years afterward as "fuel oil;" and, the production being small, the well was abandoned. In 1866 J. M. Hart drilled the sec- ond well in the township, but that also showed a small yield. The Glasgow Oil Company invaded the township in the same year. The farmers went oil-mad, and it was expected that the county would develop a tremendous petro- leum field. At least 15 wells were put down in the vicinity of Fredericktown and Calcutta in 1866, and, during the years succeeding, the production of the township reached 100 barrels a day. For 10 years, the Glasgow Oil Com- pany pumped from 6 to ten wells in that neigh- borhood, but the production gradually de- creased.
The oil operators even invaded Madison township, in the vicinity of West Point, and there wells were sunk in 1865 by Pittsburg men, who had organized the Longrun Oil Com- pany, one of the drills going to the depth of 800 feet. A company of West Point farmers organized in 1877, and drilled a hole 1,000 feet in depth, striking again the heavy gravity oil and abandoning the venture. During these years many of the enterprising farmers in the southern part of the county lost heavily in oil
-
ventures. Gas was frequently struck, but the gas-wells were abandoned as useless.
In later years frequent attempts were made to find oil in paying quantities on Yellow Creek, near Salineville, in the vicinity of East. Liverpool, and also in several localities in St. Clair township. But while there was some- show of gas and here and there traces of oil,. neither was secured in paying quantities.
During the later '80's and the first few years of the '90's, when West Virginia had be- come an oil-producing State, East Liverpool became the center for the shipment of machin- ery and tools. The C. A. Smith Drilling Com- pany and other oil men had their headquarters there, and supplies were shipped in large quan- tities into the new field. About this time, also, attempts were made to find oil about Saline- ville. Traces of oil and gas had been found there by the early salt-well drillers, and in the coal seems later developed by the rapidly grow- ing mining interests. Between 1880 and 1895. John T. Dysart and others drilled several wells, but neither oil nor gas developed in quantities. to justify extended operations.
THE WELLSVILLE OIL FIELD.
Oil had been found prior to 1870 in the- vicinity of Little Yellow Creek, to the north of Wellsville, but never in paying quantities. One Truesdale drilled five wells on the "creek bot- tom," two of which yielded from three to five: barrels a day for a short while, and then they were abandoned and the wells were filled up. However, from one of these old wells the oil. continued to force itself to the surface ,and. make its way to the creek. People would now and then scoop it up and use it for lubricating. purposes. In the fall of 1899, Lawson Broth -- ers sunk several wells on the Ridinger place, near the site of the old Truesdale wells, and got oil in good quantities. The third well struck started off with a production of '150. barrels a day. But neither did this one nor any of the others hold up to anything like what was. expected of them for any considerable length of time. The largest well, struck in 1899, had in 1905 dropped down to about five barrels.
129
AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS.
An explosion at one of these wells in Septem- ber, 1899. fatally burned two workmen, while John Rayl, who was superintending the drill- ing, with several others was seriously burned. A number of wells were drilled that same year on the hill south of the creek by Alex B. Smith. some of which for a time proved to be paying pumpers. But the oil in the field proved to be a "pocket" deposit, the limits of which did not exceed perhaps 20 to 30 acres, and was soon practically exhausted. Nevertheless the inter- est in the field in 1905 again somewhat revived on the striking of a 10-barrel well by Rayl & Lewis on the Ridinger place.
THE HOMEWORTH OIL FIELD.
Following the excitement caused by the dis- covery of petroleum at Oil City, Pennsylvania, in 1858-60, a number of the substantial citizens of Knox township organized a company to do some "wild-catting" after the new product near home. Early in the '60's Jacob Yaggi and others put down the first oil-well in Knox township, near the Mile Branch schoolhouse, toward the center of the township. The well was a small producer, and for some reason was never operated, the company disbanding. In' the succeeding 30 years many attempts were made to interest capital in the field around Homeworth, but without success until the dis- covery of oil around Scio, Harrison County, revived the oil excitement throughout the east- ern end of the State. In 1898 William Pea- cock, of Massillon, while putting down a num- ber of test holes in the vicinity of the old well of 30 years before, found green petroleum ooz- ing from the ground and pronounced the pros- pect excellent. A company was at once pro- jected at Homeworth, but before the organiza- tion was complete Jonas King had succeeded in interesting the Renner & Deibel Oil Com- pany, of Akron and Youngstown. Within the next five years this company drilled in more than 50 prod icing wells north and northeast of Homeworth.
In January, 1900, the Winger & Blv Oil Company, of Warren, Pennsylvania, drilled in two large gas-wells east of Homeworth, and
indications were found of a large oil pool east and southeast of the village. In the hope of getting sufficient gas to run its extensive works at Alliance. the Morgan Engineering Com- pany, of that city, purchased the wells and leases of the Warren company and put down many wells, the gas from which they piped to Alliance. One of these wells, drilled on the farm owned by the Brooke heirs, proved a fine oil producer. Oil excitement was now high, and experienced oil operators invaded the county. The Morgan Company sold its holdings to Upham & Walker, of Parkersburg, West Vir- ginia, who drilled a number of wells on the Brooke and neighboring farms, and then sold out to A. L. Johnson, the present owner. John- son bought of Pennsylvania parties more leases on the D. W. Thomas farm, until in 1905 he had more than 30 producing wells. H. L. Thompson drilled three wells on the S. D. Sanor farm, and then sold to Mr. Sanor, who had drilled 10 wells on his own land.
The Weaver Oil Company, of Youngstow 1, also drilled what proved a paying "gasser" on the Heffner farm. adjoining the village of Homeworth, and from this well gas was speed- ilv obtained for lighting and heating in the village. Later the Lutz Oil Company, of Pitts- burg, began operations to the north of Home- worth, and in the summer of 1904 struck a 60-barrel well on the Teeters farm.
Wells were put down in rapid succession during 1904.on the Teeters and Barber farms, and during the excitement of that year a line- fence fight resulted in the drilling of six wells on less than an acre of ground, all of them large producers. The Lutz company by 1905 was one of the largest producers in the field.
The oil production of the field in 1905 was not less than 7,500 barrels a month, and 12 drilling machines were then at work sinking new wells. The oil was pumped to Home- worth and there loaded for shipment by rail to the National Refining Company, of Cleve- land.
GAS FIRST PIPED FOR FUEL.
Though Ohio does not lay claim to the orig- inal introduction of gas as a commercial factor
130
HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY
on an extensive scale, East Liverpool has proven her claim to having been the first com- munity in the world to pipe natural gas for fuel and lighting purposes. The United States census report on mines and mining for 1900 says: "Natural gas was used in Ohio in 1866 in the manufacture of lampblack at Gambier; in 1874 it was used at East Liverpool, in the household, for heat and light."
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