USA > Ohio > Columbiana County > History of Columbiana County, Ohio and representative citizens > Part 28
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Company I, 78tl Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf .. contained 72 inen from Columbiana County, chiefly from the central and southern townships. The regiment was organized in January, 1862, to serve for three years. The Colum- biana County company (I) was recruited in December, 1861, and organized Janu- ary 11, 1862, at Zanesville, Ohio, under the command of M. D. Leggett. The Company left the State and arrived at Fort Donelson February 15, 1862, while the battle at that place was in progress. From Paducah, Kentucky, the regiment marched nearly all the way to Grand Gulf. Mississippi, passing circuitously through Tennessee, Mis- sissippi, Louisiana, Alabama; Georgia, North and South Carolina and Virginia. It took an
active part in all the principal battles in the West under Grant, and afterward under Sher- man, beginning with Shiloh and Corinth, and continuing in the campaign following. It com- menced the winter campaign under General Grant in the interior of Mississippi. It crossed the Mississippi River below Grand Gulf, and fought at Fort Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Champion Hills, Black River and in the 42 days' siege of Vicksburg. After the surrender of Vicksburg, it campaigned under Sherman to Clinton, Jackson and Monroe, Louisiana. Feb- ruary 1, 1864, it commenced a long and disas- trous campaign through Central Mississippi to its eastern boundary. March 20, 1864, the regiment started from Vicksburg for home on veteran furlough, having re-enlisted January 5, 1864. May 7th it left Columbus, Ohio, for Georgia, reaching that State in time to take part in the Atlanta campaign. After three weeks' rest, the regiment participated in the campaign in Northern Alabama in pursuit of Hood. It returned to Atlanta, and November 13, 1864, entered on that great campaign with ·Sherman, through Georgia to Savannah, a march of 37 days; thence to Beaufort. South Carolina, Columbia, Washington, D. C., and Louisville, Kentucky. The distance traveled in this campaign was more than 4,000 miles on foot, 3,000 by rail, and 2,600 by water, making a total of 9,600 miles. The regiment was en- gaged in the following battles: Fort Donel- son, Shiloh, siege of Corinth, Matamoras, Thompson's Hill, siege of Vicksburg, Fort Beauregard, Bocahita, Meridian raid, Big Shanty, Bushy Mountain, Kenesaw, Nickajack, siege of Atlanta, battles at Atlanta, July 21, 22, and 28th, Jonesboro, Lovejoy, Milledgeville, Savannah, Pocotaligo, Charleston, Columbia and Bentonville-34 in all-and many minor fights and skirmishes. During the service the regiment lost 120 killed in battle, 300 wounded, 70 missing, 295 discharged for disability. 31 transferred to the Invalid Corps-a total of 816. Company I's losses during the same pe- riod were five killed, 10 wounded, 10 died from disease, 30 discharged for disability and seven transferred to the Invalid Corps. The original members of the 78th Ohio (except veterans)
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were mustered out January 12, 1865, on expir- ation of term of service, and the organization, composed of veterans and recruits, was mus- tered out July II, 1865.
In the 86th Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf., there were 31 men from Columbiana County. The regiment was organized at Camp Chase, June II, 1862. On the 16th it left for Clarksburg, (West) Virginia. It was stationed at that point for the purpose of guarding the railroad and. protecting Grafton, that town being a base of supplies. July 27, Companies A, C, H and I were ordered to Parkersburg, (West) Virginia, where they did provost duty. August 2Ist, this detachment was ordered to Clarksburg where its members remained until September 17th, when they were ordered to Camp Dela- ware, Ohio. September 25, 1862, the regiment was mustered out at the last named place.
Company F, 87th Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf., was recruited from various parts of Columbiana County, there being in its ranks 69 men from the county. It was a three months organization and was recruited from almost every county in the State, and was ready for service in June, 1862. June 12th, while in rendezvous at Col- umbus, it received orders to repair to Baltimore and report to Major General Wool, command- ing officer at that post. Arriving in Baltimore on the 15th of June, it was assigned to a camp north of and near the city, where for some weeks Col. H. B. Banning, its commander, drilled and disciplined the men. In the latter part of July it received orders to report to Colonel Miles, at Harper's Ferry. On its ar- rival at that place, it was stationed on Bolivar Heights. It remained there until the siege of Harper's Ferry by Jackson, and although its term was ended, was included in the surrender of the Federal forces on that occasion. When the circumstances of the case were made known, the men were released from their paroles, and the regiment sent home from Annapolis and mustered out at Camp Chase, September 20, I862.
THE 104TH REGIMENT.
The following sketch of the 104th Regi- ment, Ohio Vol. Inf., was prepared by the late
A. R. Martin, who for many years after the close of the Civil War taught school in New Lisbon :
This regiment was recruited almost exclu- sively from Stark, Columbiana, Summit and Portage counties. Four companies were com- posed of Columbiana County men, viz .: Com- pany G, known as the Salem company ; Com- pany F, known as the Wellsville company ; Company C, known as the East Palestine com- pany, and Company K, known as the New Lis- bon company. These companies were recruited in August, 1862, and organized at Camp Mas- sillon as a part of the 104th Regiment, and mus- tered into the service with it on the 30th day of August, 1862, by Capt. J. R. Paxton, of the 15th U. S. Infantry. About the Ist of Septem- ber, the regiment was hurried to Cincinnati, then besieged by Gen. Kirby Smith. On the IIth of September the advanced pickets of the Rebel forces were met by the 104th, and skirm- ished with all day, the regiment having one man killed and five wounded. This was the first and only blood spilled in defense of Cincinnati. Alexander Lowrie, of Company G, was wounded in the leg and it was found necessary to amputate the limb above the knee. Soon after the skirmish, the Rebel army retreated toward Lexington, and the regiment marched in pursuit. This, being its first march, was very severe on the men. The roads were dusty, the springs dried up, and the men, all undiscip- lined and unused to exposure suffered intensely, and many cases of sickness resulted from this march, many deaths following. The regiment reached Lexington at daylight on October 15th, a few hours after the rear guard of the Rebel army had evacuated the place. The regiment remained in Lexington until December 6th. While here the drill and discipline of the regiment were attended to with such success as to carry off the palm in a review of the forces at that place, the commanding officer deciding that the 104th Ohio had attained the highest state of discipline of any regiment in his command. On the morn- ing of December 6th the regiment struck tents and took up the line of march and that day brought it to the Kentucky River, at Clay's
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Ferry. The next day it reached Richmond, Kentucky.
The brigade consisted of the 100th, 44th and 104th, and the 19th Ohio Battery, under command of Col. S. A. Gilbert, of the 44th Ohio. At Richmond the command built for- midable works. The regiment remained here until the 27th of December, when the line of march was again resumed, and, on the evening of the 28th, Danville, Kentucky, was reached. John Morgan's guerrilla forces were at this time operating in the vicinity of Danville, and this movement was for the purpose of intercepting him. Beyond slight skirmishing, nothing im- portant occurred here. From Danville the regi- ment went to Frankfort, and there remained, performing provost duty, until February 21, 1863. While in camp at this place the 44th Ohio was mounted. On the evening of the 2Ist the regiment set out for Danville. This march was made very hard and disagreeable by a fur- ious snow-storm, through which with difficulty it made its way, reaching, late at night, the Kentucky Military Institute, in which it quar- tered for the night. The next day's march brought it late, at night to Harrodsburg. The next morning the regiment went to Danville, expecting to engage Morgan's Rebel cavalry, but no enemy was found. The regiment con- tinued in this part of Kentucky; watching and checkmating the movements of the Rebel forces under Morgan, Pegram and Cluke, until the following summer, when it joined General Burnside's army in Eastern Tennessee, arriv- ing at Knoxville, September 4, 1863, and being the first Federal infantry in the place. The duties performed by the 104th while in Ken- tucky were arduous and harassing, it being ob- liged to march and countermarch continually, up and down, and through almost the entire section of country. Owing to the exposure and fatigue of hard and forced marches, many fell out of the ranks and died from diseases con- tracted during these marches. Up to this time Company C had lost 10 of its number and Com- pany K, seven, by death. The other companies lost proportionately. During the retreat of the Federal forces under Gen. S. P. Carter, from Danville to Lexington, in March, 1863, the
regiment lost 25 men captured by the enemy, all of whom were parolled within a few days.
The most important places occupied by the regiment during its memorable Kentucky cam- paign were Lexington, Richmond, Danville, Frankfort, Lancaster, Crab Orchard, Mount Vernon, Somerset and Stanford. Before leav- ing Kentucky, the regiment was placed in the First Brigade, Third Division, 23rd Army Corps, under General Hartsuff.
After a brief rest at Knoxville the regiment, with its brigade, was ordered to Cumberland Gap. The Gap was reached on the 7th day of November. This march was made with such rapidity as to merit and receive from President Lincoln a highly complimentary telegram, sent to General Burnside. Immediately upon its ar- rival at the Gap a demand was made for sur- render by General Burnside, which was refused. The Federal troops then made preparations to carry the stronghold at the point of the bayonet ; but before the movement was made the Con- federate leader, General Frazier, changed his mind and surrendered his entire command. The 104th was the first regiment to enter the works, and it received the surrender of the Confederate forces and its stores. The Rebel command con- sisted of about 3,000 men and 14 guns. The surrender was made November 9, 1863. After this, the regiment accompanied General Burn- side on an expedition to Carter's Station, on the East Tennessee & Virginia Railroad, and on returning to Knoxville it did provost duty for some weeks. It took part in the defense of Knoxville when besieged for 22 days by Gen- eral Longstreet. During the siege the regiment lost several men killed and wounded. The ex- posure and privations of the men during this siege were great. The rations were limited and of inferior quality. The weather was cold and disagreeable and the men were without tents. As a result many sickened and died. The 104th left many of its representatives in the Knoxville cemetery.
The regiment, with the Federal forces, joined in the pursuit of Longstreet, following him as far as Blain's Cross-Roads, and partici- pated in the various skirmishes of that pursuit. The regiment wintered in this inhospitable re-
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gion, and there was much suffering for want of sufficient rations and clothing. Yet, amid all their sufferings, these brave men declared their willingness to enter on another three years service ; but their enlistment not expiring with- in the time specified, they were not permitted to "veteranize." Early in April, 1864, the regi- ment was ordered to Cleveland, Tennessee (where troops were assembling preparatory to the Atlanta campaign), and participated in all the campaigns and general engagements, be- ing under fire for 120 days. It was engaged in the battle of Resaca, May 14th and 15th, and on the 6th of August in the desperate assault at Utoy Creek, in which the loss of the regiment was 26 officers and men in killed and wounded. After sharing in the successes that compelled the evacuation of Atlanta, September 1 and 2, 1864, it went into camp at Decatur, Georgia, and there remained until October 4th, when it left Decatur and crossed the Chattahoochie River, 15 miles from Decatur. After march- ing about 400 miles in Northern Georgia and Alabama, passing through Marietta, Acworth, Allatoona, Cassville, Kingston, Rome, Calhoun, Resaca and Snake Creek Gap into Gaylorsville, it finally reached Cedar Bluff, Alabama. On October 28th it crossed the Coosa River and, taking the cars at Dalton, Georgia, it passed through Nashville to Pulaski, Tennessee. At Nashville the regiment cast its vote in favor of "veteranizing Abraham Lincoln." On No- vember 8th it took the cars and went to Spring Hill, Tennessee. On November 13th it marched to Columbia, and thence to Pulaski. From Pulaski it fell back to Columbia. The regi- ment was engaged in sharp fighting and skir- mishing here from November 25th to 29th, losing several men killed and wounded. On the night of November 29th it moved toward Franklin, making a severe march of 25 miles and reaching that place the next morning at daylight. At Franklin the regiment with its brigade built breastworks. The fight at Frank- lin began November 30th, at 5 in the afternoon and lasted until 10 at night. This was the most severe engagement in which the regiment had ever participated, and it lost 60 men in killed and wounded. Capt. William F. Kemble of
Company C. and Captain Bard of Company I were killed in the battle. The men went into the engagement with the avowed intention of avenging their comrades at Utoy Creek, and used "Utoy" as their battle cry. The Confed- erate general, Adams, was killed in front of the 104th, the General and his horse both rolling over in front of the regiment. Captain Kemble who lost his life in this battle, fought desper- "ately, throwing hatchets and axes into the seeth- ing mass of Rebels in his front, until he fell pierced in the breast by a bullet. Lieut. S. S. Cope, of Wellsville, of Company F, was se- verely wounded through the arm, but wrapped a handkerchief about the wounded limb and bravely stood his ground until the close of the battle. After the battle the regiment, with the Federal forces, marched to Nashville, which was reached December Ist. The regiment oc- cupied an important position on the main line in front of Nashville. Here the men were again confronted by intensely cold and dis- agreeable weather, and in consequence suffered severely. On December 15th the regiment lost three men, wounded in a skirmish. On the 16th it was engaged with its brigade in a charge, capturing the works of the enemy, with eight pieces of artillery and a number of prisoners, not losing a man. Resting in the enemy's works that night, the regiment moved next morning in pursuit of the enemy ; made a short halt at Columbia, and reached Clifton, Tennessee, Jan- uary 6, 1865. It remained in camp at this point until January 16, when it embarked on the steamer "Swallow," and landing at Cincinnati, took the cars January 22nd for Washington City. From Washington it was carried by the steamer "Star of the South" to Fort Fisher, where it landed February 9, 1865. It took an active part in the operations which compelled the evacuation of Fort Anderson, February 18, 1865. In the skirmishing at .Fort Anderson, "the regiment lost one killed and several wounded. The regiment was engaged in the assault upon the Rebel works at Old Town, February 20, 1865, which involved the capture of Wilmington, February 22nd. The loss of the regiment in the charge upon the enemy at Old Town was two killed and 20 wounded. On
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the 22nd of February the regiment, with its brigade, entered the city of Wilmington. On the capture of Wilmington, the colonel of the 104th Regiment was appointed to command the post, the lieutenant-colonel was appointed pro- vost marshal of the city, and the regiment was assigned to duty as provost guard, and so con- tinued to serve until the 23rd Army Corps marched toward Goldsboro. The regiment then marched to Kingston to the support of General Cox, who was threatened by overpowering numbers. On March 20th the regiment left Kingston, arriving at Goldsboro the next day. It remained here until April 11th, when it started for Raleigh, North Carolina, arriving at the latter place April 15th. A grand review of the troops was had at Raleigh, and the regi- ment received some high compliments from General Sherman and others for its efficiency of drill and the soldierly bearing of its men. On May 1, 1865, the regiment was ordered to pro- ceed to Greensboro, North Carolina, to 'receive and guard property turned over by the army of Gen. Joe Johnston, and remained there, until June 17, 1865, when it was mustered out of the service and ordered to report at Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, Ohio, for final pay and dis- charge. It arrived at Cleveland June 24th, and was paid off and discharged June 27th. 'Com- panies C F, G and K were with the regiment in all its marches and participated in all its bat- tles and skirmishes from Fort Mitchell to Old Town Creek. They all made a noble record in the service, and their losses by death from cas- ualty and disease were: Company C, 21 ; Com- pany F, 22; Company G, 15; and Company K, 12.
HISTORY OF THE 115TH REGIMENT.
The 115th Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf., was organized and mustered into the United States service at Camp Massillon, Ohio, in August, 1862. Four of its companies were recruited in Columbiana County, viz: Company A, from East Liverpool and. Liverpool township; Com- pany D, from Bayard and West township; Company H, from Columbiana and Fairfield township, and Company K, from Hanover and
Franklin townships, while Company F had in its ranks 10 men from Salineville and Wash- ington township, its captain being from Han- over township. The regiment reported to Ma- jor General Wright at Cincinnati, October 4, 1862. The regiment was here divided, five companies, under Col. J. A. Lucy, being ordered to report to the post commandant at Cincinnati for provost duty, and the other five companies, under Lieut .- Col. T. C. Boone, to report for guard duty at Camp Chase, Columbus. In No- vember the battalion at Columbus was ordered to Maysville, Kentucky, under command of Colonel Lucy, Lieutenant-Colonel Boone taking charge of the battalion at Cincinnati. The lat- ter did provost duty at Cincinnati for more than a year. During this period Colonel Boone was harassed by interference from the civil authorities regarding soldiers and others in his charge. The latter consisted of prisoners, mili- tary and political, and of convalescent soldiers, deserters, etc., whom it was the commanding officer's duty to forward to their respective regiments. It was about this time that General Burnside issued General Orders Nos. 38 and 113, the latter requiring all writs of habeas corpus issued by State authority to be disre- spected. The orders resulted in bringing the civil and military authorities into conflict; and for 'carrying out the orders-refusing to de- liver up certain deserters on a writ of habeas corpus-a warrant for the arrest of Colonel Boone was issued by Judge Paddock in the Probate Court. But the warrant could not be' served because of the guard which constantly surrounded his person.
In July, 1863, Colonel Boone called out his battalion for five or six days, on the Harrison pike, to render assistance to the cavalry in pur- suit of the Confederate General, John Morgan, then on his raid through Ohio. In December, 1862, the battalion at Maysville was ordered to Covington, Kentucky, for guard and patrol duty. Company H was mounted and did good service in the country about Covington, looking after bushwhackers and guerrillas. In October, 1863, the regiment was ordered to report to General Rosecrans at Chattanooga. Reaching Murfreesboro, it was ordered to report for duty
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to the commandant of that post. Part of the regiment was at once mounted and sent out after the Rebel guerrillas then infesting the country between Nashville and Tullahoma. In 1864 that part of the regiment not mounted was stationed on the line of the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad, in block-houses, to pre- vent the guerrillas from tearing up the road, In August, 1864, Blockhouse No. 4 was cap- tured by the Confederates under General Wheeler. Block-house No. 5 was attacked at the same time, but the Rebels were repulsed after sustaining a loss of three men killed and seven wounded. Wheeler attacked the Federal lines on the railroad between Nashville and the Duck River, and at Lavergne, Tennessee. At Lavergne the 115th had 100 men in a small fort, in which were mounted one 6-pounder and one 12-pounder. The Rebel cavalry out- numbered the Union forces three to one, and on the evening of August 3Ist made three fur- ious charges, but were each time repulsed with serious loss. The firmness and bravery of the regiment saved the line of railroad and much property at the fort. Shortly afterward Com- pany K (mounted) surprised and captured a squad of guerrillas, and lost Sergeant Richmond killed and three men wounded.
During Hood's advance on Nashville in December, 1864, Block-houses Nos. 1, 3, and 4 were assaulted by a large force of Rebels under Forrest, and their garrisons, consisting of parts of Companies C, F and G, captured. The garrisons of Block-houses Nos. 5 and 6 were, by order of General Thomas, withdrawn to Murfreesboro. Blockhouse No. 7 was assault- ed and surrounded by the Rebels, and for 15 days the garrison was invested. The garrison of Block-house No. 2 was assaulted December 19th by the enemy with three pieces of rifled artillery, and a continuous fire kept up from 9 o'clock in the morning until dark. Two of the garrison were killed and three wounded. Under cover of the night the garrison withdrew and marched to Nashville.
December 7, 1864, the Confederate General Buford, made a vigorous charge on Murfrees- boro, but was driven back with heavy loss. Gen- eral Rousseau ordered Colonel Boone to take
command of the Third Michigan with his own regiment, and "repulse and drive the Rebels out of town," which was obeyed. On the 10th of December, General Hood overpowered the Federal forces at Lavergne by largely superior numbers, and caused Block-houses Nos. I, 3 and 4 to surrender, with a battalion of the 115th Regiment numbering 140 men. Most of these were on their way to Columbus, under parole, on board the ill-fated "Sultana," when it ex- ploded on the Mississippi River, near Memphis, April 27, 1865. Eighty men, belonging to Companies B, C, F and G, besides Captains D. N. Lowry and John Eadie and Lieut. J. C. Ely, lost their lives.
The regiment performed garrison duty at Murfreesboro and guard duty on the line of the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad from Nashville to Tullahoma, until June 23, 1865, when it was mustered out of service. It re- ceived its final pay and discharge at Cleveland July 7, 1865. The regiment, during the latter part of its service, was under General Rous -- seau, division commander. When organized, the regiment numbered 985 men, and it subse- quently received 300 recruits. At muster out it numbered, all told, 630 officers and men.
OHIO NATIONAL GUARD RENDERS SERVICE.
The 143rd Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf., was organized at Camp Chase, Ohio, May 13, 1864, to serve for 100 days. It was composed of the 18th Battalion, O. N. G., of Columbiana County, and a part of the 69th Battalion, O. N. G., of Coshocton County. On the 15th of May the regiment left Camp Chase for Washington City, and was given garrison duty in Forts Slemmer, Totten, Slocum and Stevens, north of the Potomac. June 8th the regiment em- barked for White House, Virginia, but without debarking it was ordered to Bermuda Hundred. It was assigned to the 10th Army Corps, and was placed in the entrenchments at City Point, where it remained until ordered to Fort Poca- hontas, where it was relieved from duty, Au- gust 29th, and proceeded to Camp Chase, where it was mustered out September 13, 1864, on expiration of term of service. Company A
OLD MILL AT WILLIAMSPORT, ST. CLAIR TOWNSHIP
PLANT OF THE THOMAS CHINA COMPANY, LISBON
BIRTHPLACE OF CLEMENT L. VALLANDIGHAM
PLACE OF MORGAN'S SURRENDER, WAYNE TOWNSHIP
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was from Washington township, B from Mad- ison, C from Hanover, D from Perry, F from Fairfield, and I from Liverpool township, Col- umbiana County. These six companies furn- ished 529 men.
IN THE LAST YEAR'S SERVICE.
On September 21, 1864, the 176th Regi- ment, Ohio Vol. Inf., was organized at Camp Chase, to serve for one year or during the war. It was immediately ordered to Nashville, Ten- nessee, and assigned to the Second Brigade, Fourth Division, 20th Army Corps. Soon after its arrival it was detailed to perform pro- vost guard duty at Nashville, and during the siege and battle of Nashville it was in the works, but, with the exception of a few com- panies under Major Cummings, the regiment was not actively engaged. Quite a number of the men were veteran soldiers. The regiment was mustered out of service at Tod Barracks, Columbus, June 18, 1865. Company D, con- manded by Capt. John A. Myers, of New Lisbon, was largely made up of Columbiana County men.
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