USA > Ohio > History of Ohio; the rise and progress of an American state, Volume Five > Part 3
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Daniel Vaughan (1818-79), a native of Ireland, came to America in his youth and was attracted to Cincinnati by its literary privileges. There he made more use of the public library than perhaps any other man has ever made. His biographer, Mr. Youmans, founder and editor of the "Popular Science Monthly," describes him as a master of German, French, Italian and Spanish and of Ancient and Modern Greek, and adds that "He pursued a wide course of scientific inquiry with great vigor and enthusiasm, devoting himself mainly to astronomy and to the larger aspects of natural phenomena, which he treated with the freedom and independence of a strong original thinker." His writings are marked by a daring boldness and a splendor of diction which reveal the workings of a
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poetic imagination coupled with a logical reason. An idea of his eloquent style may be obtained by reading a chapter of his "Popular Physical Astronomy," published in Cincinnati in 1858. The last act of the philosopher's life was Socratic in its calm pathos- on his death-bed he sat up to correct the proofs of an article he had recently written on "The Origin of Worlds."
The name of Johann Bernhard Stallo (1823-1900), a man of whom his biographer, H. A. Rattermann, says that "all the Germans in the United States should be especially proud," may be enrolled alike upon the roster of scientists and philosophers, as upon the list of great lawyers and diplomats. Stallo was a man of extraordinary range of intellectual ability. His home in Cincinnati was a kind of university, his library a rich collection of vital books in different languages. As long ago as the year 1848, this speculative thinker, in a young western state, occupied himself in the erudite task of writing a book entitled, "The General Principles of the Philosophy of Nature." More than thirty years later, when his powers were at their best, he produced his masterpiece, a bold and aggressive work entitled, "The Concepts and Theories of Modern Physics."
One has only to glance over the proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, to convince himself that Ohio ranks with the most progressive states of the Union, in respect to scientific discovery, investigation, and discussion. Of late years the universities and leading colleges of the State have caught the inquiring spirit of the age, and many special-
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THE RISE AND PROGRESS
ists in various lines of research have issued articles as contributions to scientific journals or in book form. Besides numerous publications in mathematics and in purely physical science, not a few books on psychol- ogy, sociology and allied subjects have gone forth from the desks of professors who are imbued with modern ideas.
The mention of Judge Stallo's thesis on the "Philos- ophy of Nature" recalls the somewhat surprising fact that the Scotch teacher, Alexander Kinmont, who came to Cincinnati in 1827 and there died in 1838, was the author of a volume of "Lectures on the Natural History of Man," which was published in 1839, anticipating Stallo by ten years. Kinmont's work is still extant, having been reprinted by a leading eastern publisher. It was highly esteemed by Henry James, Sr., who considered Kinmont a remarkable genius born before his time.
The Science of Man seems to have been a favorite study with speculative thinkers in Ohio during the decade just preceding the Civil War. Dr. J. R. Buchanan started his "Journal of Man" in 1849, and published his "System of Anthropology" in Cincinnati in 1854. "The Natural History of Human Tempera- ments," by J. B. Powell, and "The Races of Mankind," by A. W. Gazlay, both appeared in 1856, from a western press. In the same line of investigation were David Christy's several books, "Lectures on African Coloniza- tion," "Ethiopia," and "Cotton is King," which last created a controversial furore. Christy was a resident of Cincinnati, and a noted authority on chemistry and geology.
DONN PIATT
Born in Cincinnati, June 29, 1819; was admitted to the bar and in 1851 was appointed Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Hamilton county; served under Presi- dents Pierce and Buchanan as Secretary of Legation and chargé d'affaires in Paris; Colonel in the Civil War; after- ward newspaper correspondent, editor and author; died in Cleveland, Ohio, November 12, 1891.
THE RISE AND PROGRESS
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what surprising lagt Diat dler Kinmont, who came to Lincinna, 1697 and there died in 1838, was the wuthor of a Mumie of " Lectures on the Natural History of Man," What was published in 1839, anticipating Stallo Ve les years. Kinmont's work is still extant. havin møprinted by a leading eastern publisher. Tr esteemed by Henry James, SE, who coulder
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The Scenes of Man -ms to have been & favorite study with upsocular thinkers in Ohio during the decade just prowodros Mw Civil War. Dr. J. R. Buchanan warted Me "Journal of Man" in 1849, and published his "Sy Mem of Anthropology" in Cincinnati in 1854. OF The Naked History of Human Tempera- menta," by J. B. Powell, and " The Races of Mankind, " by A. W. Gaclay, both appeared in 1856, from a western press, In the same line of investigation were David Christy's several books, "la tures on African Coloniza- for " "Ethiopia," and "Cotton is King," which last created a controversial finire Christy was a resident of Cincinnati, and a bond othority on chemistry and geology.
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Under the liberal generalization of things scientific, may be mentioned a book issued in Cincinnati, in 1826, expounding the hypothesis that the "Earth is hollow, is Habitable within, and widely open at the Poles." The book is entitled "Symmes's Theory of Concentric Spheres," and was written by J. McBride. It is one of the curiosities of Ohio literature.
Another famous work by a famous Ohio man may here be mentioned, namely; "The Modern Art of Taming Wild Horses," published in 1858. Of this book 15,000 copies were sold, in France alone, in a single year. John S. Rarey, the author (1828-66), was the most successful "tamer of horses" the world has known.
LAW AND MEDICINE
The law literature of Ohio is abundant, having steadily accumulated from the comparatively early period in which Judge Timothy Walker wrote his learned work on "The American Law," down to the present. Every legal practitioner is familiar with the names of Scribner, Swan, Bates, Kinkead, Loveland, Rockel, Yaple, Wilson, Page, Whittaker, Giauque, Wat- son, Brannan, Ellis and a score of other Ohio men whose treatises on various phases of the great profession are to be found in all the law libraries and are text- books in the law schools.
And what is said of Ohio law-books-that they are numerous and important of their kind-may be said of the books in medicine. Even in the pioneer period of the science, original books and journals testified to the learning and industry of great physicians in different
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THE RISE AND PROGRESS
sections of the commonwealth. Dr. Drake's monu- mental treatise, "The Diseases of the Interior Valley of North America," to the making of which its author devoted thirty years, was pronounced by Allibone "probably the most important and valuable work ever written in the United States." Since Drake's day the progress of pharmacy, surgery and general medicine, has been much advanced by the writings of such men as Blackman, Gross, Mendenhall, Wright, Williams, King, Howe, Scudder, Pulte, Conner, Bartho- low, Wormley, Whittaker, and many other doctors, eminent in the healing science and in the art of surgery. The State is well supplied with professional journals and libraries. It is doubtful whether there exists anywhere in the world another collection of books in botany, pharmacy, chemistry, and allied sciences, that will compare in extent and value with the famous Lloyd Library of Cincinnati. This unique collection, gathered at great expense of time and money, "is incorporated, is free to the public, and is pledged to be donated intact to science."
For a rich fund of most interesting and accurate information concerning the medical profession in Ohio, the reader is referred to a comprehensive volume entitled, "Daniel Drake and His Followers, Historical and Biographical Sketches," by Otto Juettner, A. M., M. D., Cincinnati, 1909.
THEOLOGY AND DENOMINATIONALISM
The theological and sectarian literature of Ohio is extensive and diversified. All shades of belief are
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represented, Jewish and Christian, Catholic and Prot- estant-orthodox and agnostic. There are in the State some famous theological seminaries, including Lane Seminary, the Oberlin Theological School, the Hebrew Union College, and the old Jesuit stronghold, St. Xavier's, and from these several seats of biblical learning, as well as from the more secluded studies of representative clergymen of different creeds, have gone forth numerous volumes of doctrine, controversy, exposition, and church history: In the library of the "Ohio Church History Society," of Oberlin, the num- ber of publications does not fall short of four hundred, nearly all pertaining to a single denomination, the Congregational.
Lane Seminary, a Presbyterian institution, of which Dr. Lyman Beecher became president in 1830, and in which Henry Ward Beecher studied theology, is a celebrated seat of special learning, many of its pro- fessors and graduates having produced memorable books. Dr. Beecher, himself a noted controversialist, was the author of a trenchant volume entitled "Views in Theology." Every one who is interested in the so-called "higher criticism" of the Scriptures, has heard of the trial for heresy of the Rev. Henry Preserved Smith, a professor in Lane Seminary, who left that famous school to accept a chair at Princeton; and thousands have read Dr. Smith's well-known books, "Inspiration and Inerrancy" and "The Bible and Islam."
Oberlin College, a Congregational institution estab- lished about three years later than Lane Seminary, has ever been a vital center of theological and religious
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THE RISE AND PROGRESS
training, and many members of its faculty and of its alumni have achieved distinction on account of their writings in theology, philosophy, science, or education.
John Henry Burrows (1847-1902), president of Oberlin College from 1899 until the year of his death, was the organizer and president of the World's Parlia- ment of Religions, held in Chicago at the time of the Columbian exposition, in 1893. He is the author of a number of books, including: "A History of the Parliament of Religions," "Christianity the World Religion," "The Gospels are True Histories," and "The Life of Henry Ward Beecher."
Henry Churchill King (1858 -), president of Oberlin College since 1902, is a voluminous writer, having to his credit the books entitled: "Outline of Erdmann's History of Philosophy," "Outline of the Microcosmus of Hermann Lotze," "The Appeal of the Child," "Reconstruction in Theology," "Theology and the Social Consciousness," "Personal and Ideal Element in Education," "Rational Living," "Letters to Sun- day-School Teachers," "The Seeming Unreality of the Spiritual Life," "The Laws of Friendship, Human and Divine," and "The Ethics of Jesus."
George Frederick Wright (1838 -), of Oberlin, president of the Ohio Historical and Archaeological Society, an educator whose name and learning are honored in the world of science and literature, exercises a strong influence as a writer on theological problems. He is the author of many substantial works, including: "Logic of Christian Evidences," "Studies in Science and Religion," "The Divine Authority of the Bible," "Scientific Aspects of Christian Evidences," "Man
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and the Glacial Period, " and "Asiatic Russia, " 2 vols .; and he is the editor of "The Bibliotheca Sacra" and of "Records of the Past."
Hiram Collins Haydn (1831 -), theologian and college professor, of Cleveland, is the author of "Lay Effort," "Death and Beyond," "The Bible and Cur- rent Thought," "Brightening the World," and other books.
Jacob Cooper (1830-1904), born in Butler County, Ohio, an eminent scholar and Presbyterian divine, professor of philosophy, metaphysics, ethics, and of the Greek language, is the author of "Eleusinian Mysteries," "Creation a Transference of Power," "The Passage from Mind to Matter," and several biographical works.
Isaac Crook (1833 -- ), a native of Perry County, Ohio, distinguished as a Methodist clergyman and writer, is the author of "The Life of Jonathan Edwards, "John Knox, the Scotch and Scotch-Irish," and other works.
James Whitfield Bashford (1844 -), bishop in the Methodist Episcopal Church, formerly president of the Ohio Wesleyan University, is the author of numer- ous volumes, including: "Outline of the Science of Religion," "The Awakening of China," and "God's Missionary Plan for the World."
Levi Gilbert (1852 -), of Cincinnati, editor of the "Western Christian Advocate," is the author of "Side Lights on Immortality," "Visions of the Christ," "The Hereafter and Heaven, " and a volume of poems entitled "Incense."
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John R. H. Latchaw (1851 -), a prominent Baptist clergyman, theologian, and college president, who spent years of active service in Ohio, is known to many readers through his several books: "The Problem of Philosophy," "The American College-Its Essential Features," "Theory and Art of Teaching, " "Citizen- ship in the Northwest Territory" and "Inductive Psychology."
Ernest DeWitt Burton (1856 -), born at Granville, Ohio, and a graduate of Denison University, editor of the "American Journal of Theology," is the author of many scholarly works in biblical elucidation and commentary, including: "Harmony of the Gospels for Historical Study," "Records and Letters of the Apostolic Age," "Biblical Ideas of Atonement," and "Principles of Literary Criticism and Their Application to the Synoptic Problem."
Thomas Sebastian Byrne (1841 -), born at Hamil- ton, Ohio-Roman Catholic bishop, who read before the Parliament of Religions at Chicago, in 1903, a paper entitled "Man from a Catholic Point of View"- is a noted writer on theological and religious themes, and the translator, from the Italian, of "Jesus Living in the Priest," and, from the German, of "Alzog's Church History," in three volumes.
Isaac M. Wise (1819-1900), distinguished rabbi and leader of the Jewish Reform Movement in America- founder of the Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati, founder and editor of the "American Israelite"-did much as a public speaker and writer to promote the general cause of liberal education and independent thought. He is the author of "The Cosmic God,"
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"The Origin of Christianity and a Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles," "The Martyrdom of Jesus of Nazareth," "Judaism and Christianity," "A Defense of Judaism Against Proselytising Christianity," "Es- sence of Judaism," "History of the Hebrews' Second Commonwealth," "Pronaos, " etc.
Kaufmann Kohler (1843 -), eminent Jewish scholar and theologian, president of the Hebrew Union College since 1903, is a voluminous writer on religious and philosophical subjects. He is one of the editors of the "Jewish Encyclopedia," to which important work, and to other leading Jewish publications, he has contributed many articles. Dr. Kohler is the author of several volumes, including: "A Guide to Instruction in Judaism," "Ethical Basis of Judaism," "Church and Synagogue in Their Mutual Relations" and "Backwards or Forwards-Lectures on Reform Juda- ism."
Moses Mielziner (1828-1903), professor of Talmudi- cal literature in the Hebrew Union College, author of "An Introduction to the Talmud," is recognized as an authority among the best Semitic scholars of the world.
Louis Grossmann (1863 -), rabbi and man of letters, is the author of "The Biography of Isaac M. Wise," "Judaism and the Science of Religion," "Mamonides," and "The Jewish Pulpit."
David Philipson (1862 -), rabbi of B'ne Israel Congregation, Cincinnati, consulting editor of the "Jewish Encyclopedia," is the author of: "The Jew
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THE RISE AND PROGRESS
in English Fiction," "Old European Jewries," "The Oldest Jewish Congregation in the West," and "The Reform Movement in Judaism."
Upon the roster of Ohio theologians and philosophers may be inscribed the name of Professor G. T. Ladd and that of Doctor J. H. Hyslop, both of these dis- tinguished men having been born and bred in the Buckeye State.
George Trumbull Ladd (1842 -), born in Paines- ville, Ohio, and educated in the Western Reserve University, began his career as a preacher in Edin- burg, Ohio, and later achieved eminence as a professor of mental and moral philosophy at Yale University. Professor Ladd holds a distinguished rank among schol- ars and thinkers, on account of his numerous valuable contributions to the literature of psychology, church polity, and religious doctrine.
James Hervey Hyslop (1854 -), who was born at Xenia, Ohio, and who received his first collegiate train- ing and the degree of A. B. at the University of Wooster, is popularly known as editor of the proceedings of the American Society for Psychical Research, and for his association with the late Professor William James. Dr. Hyslop has published several books, including "Science and a Future Life," "Enigmas of Psychical Research," "Borderland of Psychical Research," "Psy- chical Research and the Resurrection, " etc.
Jirah Dewey Buck (1838 -), of Cincinnati, physi- cian, formerly president of the Theosophical Society in America, is the author of "The Nature and Aims of Theosophy," "A Study of Man and the Way of Health," "Mystic Masonry," "Browning's Paracelsus
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and Other Essays," "Why I Am a Theosophist," "The Genius of Freemasonry," "Constructive Psy- chology," "The Lost Word Found," and "The New Avatar and the Destiny of the Soul."
RELIGIOUS, SOCIAL, AND CIVIC DUTIES AND IDEALS
Washington Gladden (1836 -), a citizen of Colum- bus since the year 1882, an influential clergyman highly esteemed throughout the State and the nation as a commanding, intellectual, and moral force, is a clear and convincing writer upon social, political, and economic problems, as well as upon the moral and religious conduct of life. The following is a partial list of his published books: "Applied Christianity," "Burning Questions," "Tools and the Man," "The Cosmopolist City Club," "Social Facts and Forces," "Art and Morality," "How Much is Left of the Old Doctrines?" "Straight Shots at Young Men," "Social Salvation," "Christianity and Socialism," "The New Idolatry," "The Church and Modern Life" and "Recollections."
Charles Franklin Thwing (1853 -), of Cleveland, president of the Western Reserve University, is the author of many illuminating volumes chiefly apper- taining to college and university life and administration. We give the titles of several of his principal works: "The Working Church," "Within College Walls," "The College Woman," "The American College in American Life," "The Best Life," "College Training and the Business Man," "A Liberal Education and a
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THE RISE AND PROGRESS
Liberal Faith," "A History of Higher Education in America," "Education in the Far East" and "Uni- versities of the World."
David Swing (1830-94), the "poet-preacher," born in Cincinnati, passed his boyhood on a farm in Cler- mont County, Ohio, was educated in Miami University, graduating in 1852, and became professor of classics in that institution. He studied theology, was ordained a preacher, and, removing to Chicago in 1866, there gained phenomenal popularity as the pastor of an independent congregation. Professor Swing exercised a potent and salutary influence over thousands of minds. He is the author of "Truths for To-Day," "Motives of Life," and "Club Essays." The "Life of David Swing," by Joseph Forte Newton, was published in 1909.
Frank Wakeley Gunsaulus (1856 -), preacher and professional lecturer, born, bred and educated in Ohio, whose career bears some resemblance to that of Pro- fessor Swing, has resided since 1887 in Chicago, where he is pastor of the Central Christian Church and president of Armour Institute of Technology. Dr. Gunsaulus is an eloquent orator and a poet. The list of his published books includes the following titles : "Metamorphosis of a Creed," "Transfiguration of Christ," "The Life of William Ewart Gladstone," "Paths to Power," "Paths to the City of God," "Higher Ministries of Recent English Poetry," and, in verse, "Phidias, and Other Poems," "Loose Leaves of Song" and "Songs of Night and Day."
Charles William Super (1842 -), of Athens, Ohio, formerly president of Ohio University, an educator
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and pedagogical writer of distinction, is the author of "A History of the German Language," "Between Heathenism and Christianity," "Wisdom and Will in Education," "A Liberal Education, " and "Plutarch on Education."
John Merrill Davis (1846 -), of Rio Grande, Ohio, president of Rio Grande College, has recently published a volume of lucid and inspiring baccalaureate sermons under the title, "Striving for the Masteries."
David Austin Randall (1813-84), one of Ohio's noted preachers, the father of Emilius O. Randall, the historian, is the author of two important books, "The Wonderful Tent of the Mosaic Tabernacle" and "God's Handwriting in Egypt, Syria and the Holy Land," which last named volume had the remark- able sale of a hundred thousand copies.
William Burnet Wright (1838 -), an Ohio man, born in Cincinnati, a distinguished clergyman and lecturer on literary subjects, is well known as the author of "Ancient Cities from the Dawn to the Daylight," "The World to Come," "Master and Men, or the Sermon on the Mount Practised on the Plain," and "Cities of St. Paul, Beacons of the Past Rekindled for the Present."
ESSAY, LITERARY CRITICISM, ETC.
Addison Peale Russell (1826-1912) was born in Clin- ton County and his career and ideals were shaped almost wholly by Ohio influences and associations. Mr. Howells alludes to him as the author "whose charming books of literary comment have so widely
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endeared him to book-lovers; but whose public services to his State are scarcely known outside of it among the readers of 'Library Notes' or of 'A Club of One.""" Mr. Russell was in public life from 1855 to 1868, as legislator, Secretary of State, and Financial Agent for Ohio. During the term of the last named office, he resided in New York City, where in 1867 he published his first book, "Half Tints." For the last forty years or more, he devoted himself entirely to literature, in undisturbed retirement in the quiet town of Wilming- ton. He led the contented life of a philosopher whose books were his world and whose mind was his kingdom. In powers of assimilation he has been likened to Bayle, who had "the art of writing down his curious quotations with his own subtle ideas." Every library in Ohio should contain his books: "Library Notes," "A Club of One," "In a Club Corner," "Characteristics," "Sub Colum" and "Thomas Cor- win. "
In the literature of expository and critical essay, Mr. Howells has contributed many important volumes, including: "Modern Italian Poets," "Criticism and Fiction," "My Literary Passions," "Literary Friends and Acquaintances" and "Literature and Life." In this connection mention should be made of other Ohio authors who have added notable contributions to purely bellettristic literature. The following list of books and writers is fairly representative of the scholar- ship, taste and literary tendency fostered by the Buckeye State: "References for Literary Workers" and "Knowledge and Culture," by Reverend Henry Matson (1820-1901), late of Oberlin, Ohio; "The
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Development of the English Literature and Language" and "English Literature of the Eighteenth Century," by Alfred Hix Welsh (1850-89); "Tennyson's Debt to Environment," "The Poetry of Robert Browning, " and "Studies in Literature," by Professor William G. Ward (1848 -), born in Sandusky, Ohio, now a resi- dent of Boston; "Old Colony Days," "Life of Dante," "Life of Petrarch" and "Prophets of the Nineteenth Century," the last being essays on Carlyle, Ruskin, and Tolstoy, by Mrs. May Alden Ward, born in Cin- cinnati in 1853.
Harold North Fowler (1859 -), professor since 1893 in the Western Reserve University, is the author of "The History of the Ancient Greek Literature" and "The History of Roman Literature." James Eugene Farmer (1867 -), born in Cleveland, now a teacher in Concord, N. H., is the author of "Essays in French History." Charles Burleigh Galbreath (1858 -), of Columbus, for many years the able and accomplished librarian of the Ohio State Library, a frequent con- tributor to the "Ohio Archaeological and Historical Quarterly," is the author of a series of appreciative articles on the "Song Writers of Ohio," and of an entertaining biography of Daniel Decatur Emmett. Joseph Salathiel Tunison (1849 -), of Dayton, Ohio, a versatile literateur, formerly on the staff of the New York Tribune, is the author of "Master Vergil," "The Sapphic Stanza," "The Graal Problem," and "Dramatic Traditions of the Dark Ages." William Norman Guthrie (1869 -), who has been described as "a brilliant and incisive lecturer on various aspects of literature, especially on poetry, fiction and the
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