USA > Ohio > Franklin County > Columbus > History of the city of Columbus, Ohio, from the founding of Franklinton in 1797, through the World War period to the year 1920 > Part 13
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Ohio State University, under the leadership of President Thompson, early threw its forces into the work of preparing the nation for war. The University's offer of help to the nation acquired substance through the efforts of the College of Agriculture to increase crop production throughout the State and of the colleges of Chemistry, Engineering, Medicine, Dentistry, Veterinary Medicine and others to provide men and means for the national service. Ohio State was one of six universities in the country selected by the War Depart- ment to maintain schools of aviation, and Major George L. Converse, the permanent in-
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structor in military science, took temporary charge of the training of recruits until the arrival of Captain Stratemeyer, of the Aviation corps, U. S. A., several members of the faculty helping to teach the theory and mechanics of flying.
The declaration of war came at about the middle of the second semester, and arrangements were made, under proclamation by Governor Cox by which students were dismissed with credit, to engage in agriculture, to go into the officers' training camp at Ft. Benjamin Harrison or enlist for other service in the national defense. Many took advantage of this opportunity, and the student body at commencement season was much depleted. On the recommendation of President Thompson, solicited by the departments at Washington, 20 men of the university were commissioned second lieutenants in the army and four in the United States Marine Corps. Others, after examination, were appointed military instructors at West Point, ac- cepted as students of aviation, or as physicians or dentists in the Medical Corps. Members of the faculty gave freely of their services for increased crop production, labor employment. food conservation, Y. M. C. A. and relief organization activities, as well as to laboratory instruction and experimentation.
In the School of Military Aeronautics, there were added courses for the education of adjutants and the military instruction of men who had already taken the course in balloon- ing. Frame barracks in the form of a great square, a brick building with workshops and class rooms and a hospital were erected. For the accommodation of the young men who came at the rate of more than 100 a week, making a constant soldier-student population of 1000 or more, the university authorities vacated the Armory and Hayes Hall and gave over Ohio Union to them for mess purposes. Major J. E. Chaney succeeded Captain Stratemeyer in military command, and Professor F. C. Blake, of the university faculty, took charge of the instruction, with a large staff of university men and army officers. The period of training varied from six to eight weeks, and every week a class was sent elsewhere for practice in actual flight. The university also provided a landing field for airplanes on the bottom west of the group of buildings, and numerous flights were made thither by the men in training at the Dayton grounds.
Further evidence of the earnest co-operation of the university with the government in the war was furnished by the unfurling. May 25, 1918, of a monster service flag, bearing 2,640 stars, each representing an alumnus, a student or a faculty member wearing the khaki. Of that number, 892 were officers-21 in the navy and the remainder in the army. Lowry F. Sater made the presentation speech and President W. O. Thompson made response, a large audience applauding, all making the most stirring incident in campus history.
Late in July, 1917, came the appeal of the American Library Association for books and magazines for the soldiers and sailors, in which the Columbus Public Library (John J. Pugh), the Ohio State Library (Charles B. Galbreath) and the Ohio State University Library ( Miss Olive Jones) heartily joined. About 4,000 books had been sent from the Columbus Public Library to Camp Sherman at Chillicothe when, in the spring of 1918, the drive of the A. L. A. for 2,000,000 books from the nation was begun. With the aid of the Patriotic League and the newspapers, some 25,000 books were collected from Columbus homes and sent to the Public Library where they were catalogued, and prepared for shipment.
The Columbus committee of the American Fund for French Wounded was organized as early as May, 1915, holding its first meetings at the home of Mr. and Mrs. A. W. Mackenzie. Later meetings were held at the Columbus Country Club, at the Green-Joyce building and finally at Trinity Parish house, where permanent headquarters and a shipping office were established. The working membership in November, 1917, numbered about eighty with the following officers: Mrs. Alfred Willson chairman, Mrs. Silvio Casparis vice chair- man, A. W. Mackenzie treasurer, Mrs. A. W. Mackenzie secretary, Mrs. Herbert Gill, Mrs. Edward J. Wilson, Mrs. Alexander Forrest and Mrs. J. H. J. Upham, executive board. This was one of 500 committees in the United States which furnished supplies to more than 4,000 hospitals in France, independent of but co-operating satisfactorily with the Red Cross. Miss Louise Brent in 1915 went to France for work in the distributing bureau in Paris, where she became secretary and member of the administration board there. Miss Ruth Casparis also early went from Columbus and became the director of the motor service of the organization. In the fall of 1917, Miss Lucile Atcherson went from Columbus to become secretary of Miss Ann Morgan, whose great fortune was being so generously used in the work. The Columbus committee, while it made no special appeal for funds, by November,
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1917, had raised enough money to provide the material for 148,289 articles which, made by the workers, had been shipped to Francc. These articles were valued at $10,902.21. In this task, help was given by the Clintonville Welfare League and the ladies of the Catholic War Relief Association.
The American Red Cross Chapter, organization of which had been authorized by the national body July 3, 1916, in an initial campaign in the following March, secured a mem- bership of 375. But later, when there was a fuller realization that war, with its wounded, was at hand, and under the impetus of a national campaign, this was increased to 30,000 yielding $90,000 in membership fees. When in June Columbus was called upon to give $250,000 to the nation-wide $100,000,000 fund for Red Cross services in the war, a vigorous campaign was begun, with H. J. Schwartz as manager and the following team captains: Dr. Andrew Timberman, James Ross, Stanley Borthwick, F. O. Schoedinger, Max More- house, Samuel A. Kinnear, Walter Jones, Claude Meeker, F. A. Miller, F. W. Schumacher, J. H. Frantz, Simon Lazarus, Robert E. Pfeiffer, Ray Zartman, King G. Thompson and J. S. Warwick. Teams of women, under the direction of J. L. Hammill, were also organ- ized with the following captains: Mrs. M. J. Caples, Mrs. W. O. Thompson, Mrs. J. E. Becry, Miss Anna E. Riordan, Mrs. Nathan Gumble, Mrs. F. R. Huntington, Mrs. W. H. Martin, Mrs. Thomas M. Bigger, Mrs. Julius F. Stone, Mrs. T. B. Sellers, Mrs. Calvin Sohl and Mrs. John M. Caren. To this appcal the city responded by giving $366,000. The chapter organized by electing George W. Lattimer chairman, King G. Thompson first vice chairman, Samuel P. Bush second vice chairman, B. Gwynne Huntington treasurer, George W. Gillette secretary, James L. Fieser assistant secretary, Mayor George J. Karb, Martin J. Caples, Arthur I. Vorys and Matthew B. Hammond members ex-officio; Edward L. McCune, chairman military relief committee; James E. Hagerty, chairman civilian relief ; H. J. Schwartz, chairman membership and finance. General headquarters were established in the Joyce family home, 47t East Broad street, which had been offered rent- free, and it was soon filled with volunteer workers, under the general direction of Mr. McCune. Branches were established in Westerville, Groveport, Harrisburg, Plain City, North Columbus and other places, and working units in many of the churches and at Ohio State University. The Catholic Women's War Relief Association early organized, with Mrs. William P. Anawalt as president and operated in part as a branch of the Red Cross, using the Knights of Columbus building, Sixth and State streets. In May, 1918, Secre- tary E. L. McCune was able to report as affiliated and working in co-operation with the Columbus Red Cross Chapter two branches, six auxiliaries and 87 working units; also that 6067 pledged workers were engaged from one to several days a week, producing hospital and other garments and surgical dressings. The product of these workers was gathered and shipped, and troops passing through the city were provided with refreshments.
The civilian relief committee, James E. Hagerty chairman, early organized with a corps of trained workers and an advisory committee to give medical, legal, financial and other help to the dependents of soldiers and sailors in service, the purpose being to do for the ones left behind what the absent would have done, to give comfort and help to the former and to relieve the anxiety of the latter. Free medical care and legal advice were given, also full information about insurance, allotments and allowances, and there was continuous communi- cation with Red Cross field directors and government officials in the interest of soldiers and their dependents. Miss Florence Covert was in charge. To provide trained workers for this service Dr. Hagerty conducted home institutes at Ohio State University, graduating many young women, after a series of lectures and a period of actual work.
Early in the summer of 1917, classes in dictetics, home care for the sick, first aid and surgical dressing were conducted. Then came the organization of the Junior Auxiliary, under the leadership of Mrs. Samuel L. Black. Hundreds of boys and girls were enrolled and worked during the summer in the Columbus Art School building, producing different useful articles. Later, the headquarters were removed to High street, where the work was continued and membership was extended to all the schools, making the school boys and girls a really effective and constructive force.
At the October meeting of the chapter, the constitution was revised so as to place the authority and the management of the work in the hands of an executive committee of eight, with power to elect its own officers, who were to serve as officers also of the chapter. The fol- lowing committee was chosen: George W. Lattimer, E. L. McCune, B. Gwynne Huntington,
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FIRST YEAR OF THE WORLD WAR
James E. Hagerty, H. J. Schwartz, James L. Hamill, Mrs. Samuel L. Black and Mrs. Martin J. Caples. Mr. Lattimer was elected president, Mr. Huntington treasurer and Mr. MeCune secretary. Mr. Gillette, the first secretary, had resigned owing to the pressure of other work, and Mr. Fieser, assistant secretary, had gone to Cleveland and been suc- ceeded by Robert L. Bondy.
Mrs. George W. Knight was in charge of the surgical dressing work of the Red Cross and early opened classes and was assisted in the instruction by Miss Jane Sullivant. Mrs. Charles L. Ireland superintended the many units engaged in sewing, inspected the finished hospital articles and acted as secretary of the educational classes.
Just before Christmas, 1917, there was another membership drive, during which Red Cross window transparencies were sold. Under the direction of Mrs. Charles E. Carter a
Franklin County Memorial, Which Stood at Broad and High Streets
force of 1,000 workers in automobiles made a house-to-house canvass to all parts of the city, selling in one day more than 7,000 transparencies, adding to the number that had previously been sold in stores and factories and making a score of 20,000 more members, or a grand total of 50,000. According to a report in March, 1918, by Mrs. Charles S. Hamilton, 6,067 women in Franklin county were working in the several units, averaging 113 hours a month.
When the second national Red Cross drive for $100,000,000 was made in May, 1918, Columbus' quota was paid out of the war chest of $3,300,000 raised in the county earlier in the year.
The Catholic Women's War Relief Association, Mrs. W. P. Anawalt president, was further officered by Mrs. Andre Crotti first vice president, Mrs. Henry Miller, second vice president, Miss Maud Flynn third vice president, Mrs. S. D. Hutchins secretary, Mrs. Mary McNamee
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HISTORY OF COLUMBUS, OHIO
treasurer. In November they reported ten branches, with a working membership of 500 women and an auxiliary in Zanesville with 300. Besides working for the Red Cross, they co-operated actively with the American Fund for French Wounded, the Needlework Guild and the Franco-American Commission, making garments for the refugee children of Belgium and France. They made altar supplies for the Catholic army chaplains, and made knitted sets and comfort kits for the soldiers at Camps Sheridan and Sherman.
Mrs. Samuel L. Black was chairman of a committee of Red Cross workers who in Oeto- ber set out to provide as a Christmas present for every soldier a comfort kit of useful articles. Three thousand khaki bags were made by the women, filled and forwarded to the camps at the cost of $2 each.
The Columbus Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, participated zealously in the war relief work of the national organization. Its program included the raising of its quota of the $15,000 for the Hostess House at Chillicothe and an additional amount for the devas- tated French village of Tilloloy on the Aisne, as well as knitted garments and other supplies for the men of the navy and army. Mrs. Herbert Backus was president at the time of America's entrance into the war. The officers elected in 1918 were: Mrs. E. M. Hatton regent, Mrs. Frank Winders vice regent, Mrs. William Cureton, jr., recording secretary, Miss Florence Rals- ton corresponding secretary, Mrs. Earl M. Tilton treasurer, Mrs. Wm. C. Moore registrar, Mrs. W'm. M. Hindman chaplain, Mrs. Wm. G. Deshler, Mrs. C. F. Jaeger, Mrs. Herbert Brooks and Mrs. E. A. Smith directors. The chapter conducts classes in the settlement houses.
The Columbus branch of the Needlework Guild of America, organized in 1889 by Mrs. Walter Mahoney to make and distribute suitable garments to hospitals and homes of sickness, began its war relief work in 1915 by sending garments to the refugees of Belgium and northern France. After the entrance of America into the war, it continued this service, in addition to its regular work, and Mrs. Karl T. Webber president, was able to report that during the year ending April 1, 1918, shipments abroad had totaled 31,724 articles of hos- pital supply, all going to Lyons for distribution as needed.
One of the devices of the women for raising money to carry on their humane work among the war sufferers was the establishment at the Howald store on High street of a melting pot, into which people were invited to throw their gold and silver jewelry and ornaments. A considerable amount was thmus realized, the organizations helped being the American Fund for French Wounded, the Needlework Guild, Fatherless Children of France and the Women's War Relief Association. At Easter, 1918, the Fatherless Children of France organization sold about 10,000 cards at ten cents each for the same purpose and later renewed most of the subscriptions that had been made at the time of Marshal Joffre's visit.
A committee of the Navy League was organized by Columbus women to knit sweaters, mufflers and wristlets for sailors, the first effort to be to provide for the men of the battleship Ohio. Mrs. Wm. G. Deshler was chairman, Mrs. Charles S. Hamilton and Mrs. Oscar Newman secretaries, Mrs. D. H. Sowers treasurer, Mrs. M. S. Hopkins, Mrs. Beman G. Dawes, Mrs. Frank Hickok and Mrs. Agnes Jordan, members of the executive committee.
The Columbus Chapter of the Daughters of the British Empire, with about 50 mem- bers, met regularly at Trinity parish house and produced a large number of articles for the comfort of the soldiers in field and hospital. The chapter was officered: Mrs. W. T. Wells regent, Mrs. Harold W. Clapp and Mrs. William P. Tracey vice regents, Miss Helen M. Forrest corresponding secretary, Mrs. George V. Sheridan recording secretary, Mrs. A. C. Botterell treasurer, Miss Katherine Lowe standard bearer.
The Girls' Friendly Society of Trinity Episcopal church, gave entertainments and otherwise raised funds to help in sending an ambulance to France.
The Columbus unit of the women's committee of the Council of National Defense was organized in July, 1917, with Miss Caroline Breyfogle chairman, Mrs. J. A. Riebel and Mrs. Linus B. Kauffman vice chairmen, Mrs. Wm. P. Anawalt recording secretary, Mrs. Henry R. Spencer corresponding secretary, Mrs. John C. Snce treasurer, Mrs. M. J. Caples, Miss Anna Riordan, Mrs. Joseph Basch, Mrs. W. O. Thompson and Mrs. J. A. Jeffrey executive committee. The early efforts of this organization were given to food conservation; lessons in canning were given at school centers and elsewhere, directed by Miss Faith Lanman, while the home economies department Ohio State University taught bread-making and gave can- ning demonstrations at various places.
Later there was a reorganization of the work, Miss Faith Lanman being put at the
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FIRST YEAR OF THE WORLD WAR
head of the food department, Mrs. A. B. Nelles child welfare, Mrs. Frank Sanborn liberty loan and war savings stamps, Mrs. Linus B. Kauffman home and foreign relief, Miss Caroline Breyfogle educational propaganda. The women did valiant work in all these departments, preaching and teaching the conservation of food, directing a campaign for the medical inspec- tion of infants, helping to sell the government securities and in other ways contributing to the public welfare and national strength.
Fruits and vegetables in large quantities were canned at the rooms on North High street. In December, 1917, there were on the shelves more than 1,500 cans of fruits and vegetables, besides jellies and jams. These were sold to housewives at about the same prices asked by the retail grocers, the jellies, jams and fruit going first as rapidly as they could be handed out. By poster-designing contests in the schools and by public meetings, education in the need of food conservation was carried on, as well as by the pledging of housewives in the homes. A survey at the end of the year showed that 20,000 conservation pledge cards had been signed and returned to the local office and that hotels and restaurants were com- plying with the request of the national administration for wheatless and meatless days. This was later increased to 37,000.
In the effort to save wheat that more might be sent abroad, the substitution of other cereals was required, and there were regulations of millers, bakers and grocers calculated to force the substitution on consumers. Bakers' loaves were standardized and rules of sale adopted. The sale and consumption of sugar were restricted. Purchases were at times limited to one or two pounds and hoarding was made an offense. The inconveniences thus imposed were for the most part patriotically borne. The living cost ran high. December 20, 1917, eggs were 60 cents a dozen, butter 56 cents a pound, lard 30 cents, potatoes $1.25 to $1.50 a bushel, flour $12.75 a barrel, hogs $16.75 per cwt., sugar 10 cents a pound, oats 72 cents a bushel, corn $1.50 and wheat $2.15.
Notwithstanding the fact that precautions had early been taken to protect the coal sup- ply for the state and city, there was much trouble, some suffering and a great deal of incon- venience, as well as high prices to consumers. In July, Hocking lump was selling for $5.25 to $5.75 a ton and Pocahontas (West Virginia) at $6.50 to $7-an advance of $2.50 over the prices of the previous year. Besides, the supply was short and it remained so through- out the winter. Charges of profiteering by the producers and manipulation of the output by middlemen were freely made. There wer investigations and efforts by fuel administra- tors, state and national, to deal with the situation, but the results were small. The con- sumers, if they got the coal at all, continued to pay the price. For lack of coal, schools were elosed for days at a time; factories, the city lighting plant and the street railway company were continually embarrassed and there were days when it could not be predicted whether or not they would be in operation the next. The winter was unusually cold and but for a plentiful sup- ply of natural gas, Columbus would have been in dire straits. Profiteering, higher cost of labor and materials, car shortage, conflict of state and national authority, bad management and intentional manipulation of the supply conspired to make a very bad situation; and that too, in spite of the fact that the coal production in 1917 was 38,000,000 tons, or 1,000,000 greater than the year before. Had cars been available every district in the state, accord- ing to official report, would have produced from 25 to 30 per cent. more coal.
On Thanksgiving Day, about 1,000 selects from Columbus and the central part of the State came to the city from Camp Sherman and were met at the station by a committee, headed by Lee M. Boda, Mayor Karb and members of the draft board. The troops, headed by the civilian committee, marched down High street and past the reviewing stand on Broad street, in which there sat, besides the Mayor and the committee, members of the Ohio Supreme Court and several officers from the Barracks. Thousands of people filled the streets and enjoyed the spectacle of the stalwart boys in khaki. The troops then proceeded to Ohio State University, where they stacked rifles and messed on the campus. They then repaired to Ohio Field, where under direction of Major Eric Fisher Wood, they engaged in exhibi- tion drills, games, skirmishes and maneuvers, while a throng of 7,000 persons looked on, cheering and at times shuddering at the mimic warfare. After the exhibition a fine Ken- tuckv-bred saddle horse was presented to Major General E. F. Glenn by Lem G. Neely, of St. Marys, Colonel John Y. Bassell making the presentation speech. Then came a football game between Ohio State University team and the team from Camp Sherman with a vietory for the former by a score of 28 to 0. As a result of the exhibition and game, about $20,000
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HISTORY OF COLUMBUS, OHIO
was netted and paid into the Camp Sherman Trust Fund. The magnitude of the sum was due largely to the publie spirit of a number of Columbus men who paid large premiums for the box seats.
A survey of the situation, Thanksgiving, 1917, showed that nearly 5,000 young men of Franklin county were engaged in war activities and that they were widely seattered. There were 1,400 at Camp Sherman, Chillicothe, training for the new national army; 2,000 former members of the Ohio National Guard in the Federalized army at Camp Sheridan, Montgomery, Alabama; 700 members of the old Fourth regiment, in the Rainbow division then in France; several hundred selects at the Hattiesburg, Mississippi, camp; 60, who en- listed in the Engineering eorps, and others in the Hospital, Ambulance and Aviation branches, as well as some officers commissioned at Ft. Benjamin Harrison, first course, were also in France. Franklin county members of the Unit d States Marines were stationed at Santo Do- mingo, Haiti, Porto Rico, Hawaii, and the Philippines. Naval reeruits were on the warships in the fighting zone and some of the ships doing coast guard duty. The naval hospital unit was at Hampton Roads; there were marines at Quantico, Va .; boys in the naval aviation seliool at Pensaeola, Florida, and in the land flying schools at Dayton, Ohio; Waco, Texas; Min- eola, N. Y .; San Diego, California, and Ontario, Canada. It was a striking illustration of the wide adaptability of the young men of an ordinarily peaceful American community.
The first course at the officers' training camp, Ft. Benjamin Harrison, Indiana, con- cluded August 10, yielded commissions to sixty-two Columbus men as follows:
Captains- Edwin R. Sharp, jr., inf .: Harry L. Haight, inf .; Alva K. Overturf, inf .; George Armstrong, inf. ; Frank A. Hunter, inf .; Webb I. Vorys, inf .; Hugh K. Martin, cav .; Rutherford Fullerton, field art .; Prescott S. Bush, field artillery.
First Lieutenants-Rutherford H. Platt, jr., 2nd Bat .; Robin Stanley Kerr. 1st Troop; Aberill B. Pfeiffer, 2nd Co .; Leo W. Bayles, 6th Co .: Charles L. Heisler, 3rd Bat. ; Edwin S. Manson, A .- G dept .; Ralph E. Wilder, Ist Co .; Frederick F. Stoneman, 4th Co .; Harold J. Meg, 6th Co .; Harry B. Craft, Ord. Dept.
Second Lieutenants-Campbell Meeker, 2nd Co .; Ralph E. Woodruff, 2nd Co .; James H. Merryman, 2nd Co .; Harold V. Sterling, 3rd Co .; Newell D. Dobson, 4th Co .; William L. Love, 6th Co .: Eben H. Jones, Ist Bat. : Floyd C. Jewell, 7th Co. ; Lawrence G. Andrews, 8th Co .; Charles W. White, 8th Co .; Wm. E. Jenkins, 8th Co .; Chandas R. Lantz, 8th Co .; Wilford H. Steward, 9th Co .; Wm. P. Yeager, 9th Co .; Morgan E. Williams, 1st Tr .: Harold H. Brooks, Ist Bat .; Howard J. Whitehill, 2nd Bat .; Galen R. Weaver, 2nd Bat. ; Wm. G. Ball, 3rd Bat .; Andrew A. Lamneek, Qm. Corps; Rannels W. Knauss, Qm. Corps; Mahew W. Shields, Qm. Corps; Hurst D. Campbell, Qm. Corps; Charles D. Brown, Reg. Army; John S. Peters, Reg. Army; Donald M. Slyh, Reg. Army; Melvin L. McCreary, Reg. Army ; Otho P. Allen, Ist Co .; Wm. F. Castle, 2nd Co .; Harley E. Banks, 3rd Co .; Merle W. Coffman, 3rd Co .; Harold D. Bonar, 6th Co .; Glenn E. Rader, 6th Co .; Clifford H. Serooges, 1st Bat. ; Edward Waugh, 8th Co .; Wm. W. Wheaton, 8th Co .; Harold D. Sites, 8th Co .; Robert J. Thompson, 8th Co .; Ralph W. Laughlin, 9th Co. ; Kenneth Hampton, 9th Co .; Leigh Kochel, Ist Troop; Edward E. Morris, Ist Tr .; Joseph B. Williams, 1st Bat .: Henry H. Copeland, 2nd Bat .; Henry T. Minister, 3rd Bat .; Wm. R. Casparis, Qm. Corps; Maurice M. Smith, Qm. Corps; Herbert L. Richard, Qm. Corps; Andrew P. Martin, Qm. Corps; Jolm E. Olmstead, Qm. Corps; Herbert S. Price, Qm. Corps; Roger W. Linworth, Reg. Army; S. S. Kennedy, Reg. Army : Hugh I. Waugh, Reg. Army.
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