USA > Ohio > Franklin County > Columbus > History of the city of Columbus, Ohio, from the founding of Franklinton in 1797, through the World War period to the year 1920 > Part 14
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The second course at the officers' training camp at Ft. Benjamin Harrison which elosed November 27, yielded commissions to Columbus men as follows:
Captains-Stanley Brooks, Artillery: Ward O. Chaffee, art .; Chalmers Parker, inf .; Morgan G. Milne, inf .; Philip H. Elwood, art. ; Albert W. Field, inf .; Floyd L. Simmons, inf. ; Claire G. Landes, ord .; Donald R. Poston, inf .; Alvin B. Tallmadge, art.
First Lieutenants-J. Edgar Butler, inf .; Donald Reed Conard, art .; George H. Cless, jr., inf .; Theodore S. Rhoades, inf .; Thomas S. Sharp, sig. corps; Frederick M. Butler, inf .; John M. Maclean, art .; H. W. Mitchell. inf .; Frank Lehman, inf .; Howard R. Charman, art .; Harry J. Derivan, art .; Vineent H. Doyle, art. ; Howard C. Russell, inf .; Carl H. Trik, inf. ; Frederick I. Purdy, art .; William F. Havens, art. ; John Brindle, inf .; Beatty Stevens. inf. ; Jerome F. Page, art .; Theodore T. Toole, aviation; Harold W. Guitner, inf .; Arthur W. Raymond, art .; Benjamin F. Pfefferle, inf .; Paul Perdue Ewing, art .; William J. Cole- grove, inf. ; Ralph II. Diekinson, inf .; Webster W. Eaton, sig. corps; Walter L. Ewing, avia-
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FIRST YEAR OF THE WORLD WAR
tion; Charles R. Gress, inf .; Vernon D. Hunter, inf .; Stanley W. Lewis, art .; William H. Payne, inf .; Edward B. Erickson, inf .; E. H. Gauger, inf.
Second Lieutenants-Paul R. Carroll, inf .; Ralph Young, inf .; John S. MeCune, inf .; H. W. Daughters, art .; John B. Gager, art .; Wm. O. Ziebold, art .; Emerson L. Taylor, aviation; Frank L. Kulcher, art .; Wallace W. Clark, inf .; Joseph M. Clifford, inf .; Harley R. Elliott, inf .; Homer S. Floyd, inf .; Maurice B. Kessler, art .; Chester H. Latham, inf .; Clinton O. Potts, aviation; Robert W. Stevenson, inf .; John A. Turkopp, inf .; Earle J. Walker, inf .; Samuel C. Wright, inf .; Marquis S. Zellers, aviation; P. G. Royce, inf .; Eugene F. Morrow, inf .; Robert S. Riley, inf .; Wm. P. Bancroft, art .; Edwin E. Spencer, art .; Rusk H. Whipps, art .; S. K. Johnson, (Rev. ), art .; Harry Syfert, inf .; Paul W. Bull, inf .; John G. Fleming, art .; Raymond W. Foster, inf .; Charles S. Hill, inf .; Frank M. Joyce, inf .; John C. Lewis, inf .; John O'Neil, jr., art .; Harry J. Orthoefer, art .; John T. Seiders, inf .; Arthur Tressing, inf .; Bernard H. Weisz, art .; Pearce C. Wilders, inf .; Elbert F. Mosher, inf .; Harry S. Duddleston, inf.
At about the same time, at Camp Sheridan, D. M. Daugherty, Edgar L. Bull and John O. Thistle were commissioned first lieutenants and Glenn Eustace Rader, second lieutenant of infantry. There were numerous other commissions and promotions, but official informa- tion was not easily obtained.
For the nation-wide thrift campaign launched by the federal government to secure war funds and to offer savings opportunity to the people, a State Executive Committee was or- ganized in Columbus, November 29, 1917. H. P. Wolfe, Columbus business man and a director of the Federal Reserve bank of this district, presided and was chosen chairman of the State organization ; John Y. Bassell vice chairman, John A. Kelley, secretary, the executive committee being completed by the appointment of the following: Governor James M. Cox, Archbishop Henry Moeller, Cincinnati; J. R. Nutt, Cleveland; H. E. Talbott, Dayton; W. S. Rowe, B. H. Kroger and Theodore D. Watterstroem, Cincinnati; Warren S. Stone, William G. Lee, W. S. Carter, D. C. Wills and Morris Black, Cleveland; Wilbur K. Brown and Miss Nida R. Pangle, Toledo; D. W. Durbin, Kenton; R. W. Archer, Barnesville; C. B. McCoy, Coshocton; P. C. Berg, Hillsboro; W. A. Blicke, Bucyrus; Robert T. Scott, Cam- bridge; R. E. Hills, Delaware; Mrs. George Zimmerman, Fremont; W. P. Shearer, Zanesville ; Rev. Dr. Washington Gladden, James W. Faulkner, F. B. Pearson, Herbert Myers, Charles H. Brown, Thomas J. Donnelly, Clark S. Wheeler, A. V. Donahey, Samuel A. Kinnear, H. Sage Valentine, Beman G. Dawes, Mrs. Maud Murray Miller, Columbus. Counties were sub- sequently organized and, under the county organization, cities, villages, and communities.
Ohio's quota was $106,000,000. To secure this amount, thrift stamps were put on sale in postoffices and banks, and mail carriers in city and country and others acted as authorized salesmen. Stamps were sold at 25 cents each, exchangeable in $5 lots for certificates bear- ing 4 per cent. interest. The quota for Columbus and Franklin county was $5,265,000, and E. A. Reed became chairman of the county campaign committee. By June 25, 1918 the sale here had amounted to $1,931,640.50. Then an intensive campaign was inaugurated, a fea- ture of which was to secure as many subscribers as possible in $1000 amounts, each such subscriber to have his name enrolled on what was called the Victory list. J. J. Stevenson was made campaign manager and twenty teams were organized, ten under the leadership of Fred W. Herbst and ten under that of Edward J. Goodman. Sunday evening, June 23, a great mass meeting was held in Memorial Hall, with short addresses by ministers representing Protestant, Catholic and Hebrew congregations. The hall was packed and many worshippers were turned away. It was a meeting at which creed and color were thrown into the melt- ing pot out of which came the one sentiment of church unity in support of the government in the war. On the following Tuesday the canvass by 200 men began, the special solicita- tion being for Victory subscriptions but nothing being refused. As in other campaigns, there were daily meetings of the canvassers, with reports; there was extensive newspaper, billboard and street car publicity, and various devices and stunts were adopted to extend and maintain the interest. At the close of the intensive campaign, the total of sales and pledges to buy hefore January 1, 1919, was $1.359,796.25. The half-way mark had been safely passed in the first six months. Through later efforts the full quota for the year 1918 was sold, and to Franklin county one of the bronze tablets signifying that measure of patriot- ism was awarded and erected in the Court House. The county's quota was $5,265,060; the
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HISTORY OF COLUMBUS, OHIO
sales $5,750,000. Chairman E. A. Reed received as a testimonial of service a gold honor medal, and others of the committee bronze medals.
Dr. Charles S. Hamilton, in November, was commissioned a major in the United States army and assigned to supervise the organization of the medieal advisory boards of Ohio for the new draft elassifieations. The State was divided into districts, each with its board of physicians to give counsel to the draft board physician in doubtful eases.
Dr. Starling S. Wileox and Dr. Edward C. Ludwig were commissioned captains; Dr. Charles J. Roach, Dr. James H. Warren, Dr. Jeremiah E. Kersehner, Dr. William Neely Taylor and Dr. John Donovan Kessler, first lieutenants in the medieal corps. Dr. Edward N. Cook, Dr. Walter A. Knoderer and Dr. F. W. Fenzel were commissioned first lieuten- ants in the dental eorps.
Dr. Philip D. Wilson who, in 1916, had served in France as a member of the Harvard ambulance and hospital unit, again went abroad in the summer of 1917, for similar service in the American hospital in France, he having been commissioned a captain.
Dr. O. H. Sellenings joined the staff of the children's bureau of the American Red Cross, with headquarters in Paris. A part of his work, begun in the fall of 1917, was a study of the milk supply problem with a view to seeuring adequate food for infants, as well as to teach French mothers better pre-natal hygiene and scientifie feeding, and save the babies from tuberculosis.
Instruction in French was offered to the recruits at the Barracks by members of Le Cerele Francais, ineluding Mrs. J. L. V. Bonney, Mrs. Harry B. Arnold, Mrs. Frame C. Brown and Madamoiselle Monier, of the Columbus Sehool for Girls. The purpose was to familiar- ize the men with traveling phrases, the names of common foods, articles of furniture, cloth- ing, ete.
When in December, 1917, questionnaires were sent to all the remaining registrants under the selective draft, with a view to their elassifieation and determination of the order in which they should be called, a great task was thrown on the draft boards. A large number of at- torneys volunteered to help the registrants, and the court rooms at the Court House were used for many days for that purpose. Thither the registrants went, often with their dependents, answering the necessary questions and making oath to their statements. The questionnaires were then filed with the draft boards, and the men in accordance therewith were divided into five elasses, those of Class I being those subjeet to earliest call.
Men in this elass began to prepare themselves for service. A vocational training course was offered at the Trades sehool, E. L. Heusch director, and 189 men took the first course of eight weeks ending the middle of April. The training proved popular and others took it as they could. A contingent of 480 left for Camp Sherman April 29; 535 went May 28, and others during the month until the number for May totaled 1,000. June 15, 68 men fit for special training as auto mehanies, blacksmiths, sheet metal workers and radio operators, were sent to the University of Cincinnati for that purpose.
On June 5, 1918, there was under the general law, registration for all young men who had become 21 since the registration of the previous year. The number registered in Frank- lin county was 1,864. They were assigned to elasses by the same process of number-draw- ing and questionnaires, being placed the bottom of their respective elasses. Columbus attorneys again volunteered in large numbers to assist the registrants.
About the middle of November, 1917, B. M. Selekman, of the Russell Sage Foundation, eame to Columbus representing the War Department Commission on Training Camp Aetivi- ties. He organized a committee consisting of John G. Priec, Dr. J. E. Hagerty, Fred Lazarus, jr., George W. Gillette, Rev. E. F. Chauncey, John W. Pontius, H. S. Warwiek, Max Stern, Lee M. Boda, E. A. Reed, Stockton Raymond, Dr. E. F. Tittle, Miss Caroline Breyfogle, Mrs. J. L. V. Bonney, Mrs. W. W. Carlile and Mrs. W. F. Anawalt, with himself as exeeu- tive secretary. The committee provided entertainments and reereational activities for soldiers who came to Columbus, supplementing the work of the Y. M. C. A. in the camps. Concerts and minstrel entertainments were given and safeguards set around the morals of the soldiers and the community.
The Columbus Khaki Club, with all its facilities free to soldiers, was opened in the old Mithoff home at Fifth and Broad streets, June 1, 1918, with Charles B. Comstoek in charge. Rooms had been furnished by the Altrurian, Rotary and Kiwanis Clubs, and the Art League had loaned pictures for the walls. A reading room with books, magazines and
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papers had been prepared and shower baths had been installed. This hospitality was freely accepted by the soldiers from the first and a useful purpose was served.
Organization of the Columbus branch of the Patriotic League was begun in January, 1918, the purpose being to enlist the young women of the city in a variety of work for win- ning the war by aiding the Red Cross, helping in the conservation of fuel and food and in other ways protecting and preserving the ideals of democracy at home. Mrs. J. L. V. Bonney was made chairman and appointed an executive committee consisting of Mrs. Charles W. Harper, Mrs. Wm. P. Anawalt, Mrs. T. B. Sellers, Mrs. R. H. Sweetser, Mrs. E. W. Campion, Mrs. J. C. Whitridge, Mrs. E. C. Caldwell, Mrs. A. T. Seymour, Mrs. Frank Kelton, Mrs. H. A. Arnold, Mrs. Frank Ray, Mrs. Martin J. Caples, Mrs. W. W. Carlile, Miss Jane Sullivant, Mrs. Nathan Gumble, Mrs. C. P. Hansberger and Mrs. James G. Gilmore. Mrs. Luke Cooperider was made executive secretary. Headquarters were established and a campaign for membership was prosecuted in factories, stores, schools, churches and elsewhere. Thous- ands of young women joined the league, organized their various groups, held rallies and generally engaged in the proposed activities. Miss Lillian Stocklin sprang quickly into prom- inence as director of music and later organized a girls' glee club.
Registration of both men and women residents, the subjects of enemy countries, was required and put into effect without trouble, limitations being set upon their movements. For the co-operation of the police department Mayor Karb was thanked by United States Attor- ney General Gregory. Most of the sympathy with Germany disappeared after the declara- tion of war, but enough remained to cause some anxiety and to give rise to many rumors. District Attorney Stuart Bolin was assisted by a large volunteer committee of citizens to whom he turned over complaints for investigation and report.
More than 6,000 copies of Pastor Russell's "The Finished Mystery" and 20,000 copies of the Kingdom News, organ of the International Bible Students' Association were seized here as dangerously pacifist and distribution was prohibited except to bona fide members. A map-maker in state employ, for distributing this sort of literature, was dismissed from his place as a result of his arrest.
A fire in the American Chain Company's plant was officially believed to have been the result of a pro-German plot. One of the plotters was thought to have been at the time mur- dered by another. Two men were indicted by the Federal grand jury for attempting to destroy machinery at the Ralston Steel Car Company's plant, and several men were arrested for making derogatory remarks against the Liberty bonds.
The study of German in the public schools was first restricted and later banished en- tirely. Unpatriotic actions and comments by teachers were so persistently reported that the Board of Education in May, 1918, adopted a resolution warning all employes that all reports of disloyal acts and utterances would be promptly investigated and that proof would be followed by speedy and positive discipline, regardless of all considerations of service. The banishing of German from the schools was made the occasion of the public burning of Ger- man textbooks. Wood piles were made at the street corners on East Broad street, and books brought to them were burned, April 19, 1918, while members of the Columbus Reserve Guards stood by to see that there was no interference. The Board of Education was more thrifty than individuals; it sold its German texts at 50 cents a hundred pounds, on con- dition that they be reduced to pulp. The proceeds totaled more than $400.
The City Council also responded to the anti-German sentiment by changing the name of Schiller park to Washington park and of Germania park to Mohawk park, and by re- naming Sehiller, Germania and Bismarek streets, Whittier, Steward and Lansing avennes respectively. The petitions for the changes were many and the protests few. The local hranch of the Order of Druids, after sixty years of use of the German language in its ritual- istie work, substituted English, and some business organizations eliminated all Teutonic suggestion in their names. The First and Second German M. E. churches dropped the word "German" from their names, and the former substituted the word "Zion," erecting also a tablet with this inscription, "We Stand for God and Christ, Our Country and Flag, Humanity and Democracy."
CHAPTER XII. SECOND YEAR OF THE WORLD WAR
Chamber of Commerce Leads in Civilian Activities-IIome Reserve Guard-Food Produc- tion and Prices-Saving the Children-Patriotic Parade-Call for Nurses and Physi- cians-Americanization Day-Community Sings-Red Cross and Other Relief Work- Selective Service-Shifting of Labor to War Work-"Atonement" Liberty Drive- Students' Army Training Corps-"Gasless" Sundays - Epidemic of Influenza - Sounding of "Taps"-Getting Ready for the Wounded-Peace Reports, False and True -War Chest Report-Ovations to Returning Aviators and Troops-l'ictory Loan Campaign-Masonic Welcome and Memorial Service-Honoring Edward L. McCune- British Recruiting Mission.
The activities of the Chamber of Commerce in the war period are not easily enumerated. Its machinery was used for practically every patriotic effort of the eity. With Henry A. Williams as president and George W. Gillette as secretary, the Chamber co-operated with every movement for food production and conservation. It finaneed and supported by per- sonal service various lines of recruiting, aided in floating the Liberty loans, provided quarters, funds and organization machinery for the Red Cross membership and money eam- paigns as well as the War Chest. It directed the ceremonies on "Call to the Colors" day and various demonstrations in honor of the enlisted and selected men. It compiled for the Federal Government valuable information regarding the available community resources, assisted in the campaign for the selective draft, helped in the distribution of labor and the organization of the Home Reserve Guard and generally was the nueleus and much of the substance of the numerous eitizen activities.
The organization of a Home Reserve Guard to insure the peace of the city at a time when so many men were absent was a matter of early coneern. Mayor Karb ealled for the organization of such a body and the Chamber of Commerce supported his plea. There was some difficulty at the outset, but ultimately the Rifles, Knights of Columbus, the Elks, the Automobile Club, the Engineers' Club, Sons of Veterans, Knights of St. John and other organizations contributed companies, and a body of over 600 men was formed. Headquarters was established at the Seventh Avenue Armory, and the men were uniformed by patriotie subscription at a cost of $30,000. There were nine letter companies, with signal and medieal corps. W. B. Hammil was the first colonel but in a subsequent reorganization, George L. Chennell was elected colonel; E. A. Selagi lieutenant colonel, C. W. Wallace, W. H. Fisher and W. W. Mowery majors. The companies drilled separately and as a regiment onee a week. The regiment appeared on all patriotic occasions, camped at the Driving Park, the week of July 4, 1918, and performed much useful service whenever great erowds gathered. From its membership nearly 200 men went into the regular army service, one-half of whom became officers. At the close of the war H. C. Collingwood, who had served as a lieutenant of the Fifth Engineers' Training Regiment, was elected to the command and served till the Guard was honorably discharged by the Mayor in July, 1919.
All forees were set at work early in 1918 to increase the production of foodstuffs. In February, a tractor school was held at the State Fair Grounds. It was attended by some 1,300 farmers from different parts of the State, all eager to learn what they could about tractors, 20 of which were there for demonstration purposes. There were lectures by ex- perts and laboratory classes. Governor Cox was present and spoke, earnestly urging farmers to employ the tractor as a duty to the country and to the boys in the trenches. He promised that bankers would give credit at low rates of interest. that service stations where tractor parts could be obtained would be established and that the government would give preference to farmers in the purchase of tractor fuel. The school lasted a week and served to introduce the new field power to manv.
In April the State and County Food Administration fixed the prices of bread from bakers to retailers and from retailers to consumers as follows: A 16-ounce loaf 83 and 10 eents, a 24-ounce loaf 123 and 15 cents, two of the latter to a consumer for 29 cents. The chief reason for the advance of half a cent a loaf was that the substitute flours .eost more than
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SECOND YEAR OF THE WORLD WAR
wheat flour. While the regulation of business was strange, it was cheerfully accepted as necessary, and the Ohio Wholesale Grocers, at their meeting in April, praised the national and state food administrators and pledged their hearty support.
Emphasis was again laid on home gardening, and by the middle of March Director Grant P. Ward of the City Recreation Department, had assigned 300 lots. Under the direction of the Food Administration all lot-owners were to cultivate or let others cultivate the ground. The Godman Guild conducted community gardens for 350 families, besides plant- ing fourteen acres at Camp Johnson. Nine thousand Columbus school children joined the war garden army and their work was supervised by J. C. Hambleton with the assistance of fifty- two teachers. The Recreation Department supervised the cultivation of 5,783 lots, four- fifths of which were turned over by their owners for assignment to others.
At the end of April, 1918, there was begun, with the indorsement of Governor Cox, a campaign to reduce infant mortality during the war. In a letter to Dr. A. W. Freeman, State Commissioner of Health, he approved the project already under way by the department, characterizing the children as the third line of defense. The child welfare committee of the Franklin County Women's Council of National Defense distributed cards on which were printed the normal height and weight of children of different ages, established stations for the weighing and measuring of all children under six years, and urged parents to bring their children for the test. The number of Franklin county babies thus tested was 4,744, and the warning thus sounded, it is believed, was effective in saving many lives. Women prom- inent in this campaign were Mrs. A. B. Nelles, Miss Jennie Tuttle and Mrs. Linus B. Kauffman, who at the end of May because of her efficient work, was promoted from vice chairman to chairman of the Women's Council, with headquarters in the Chamber of Com- merce building. She continued in this capacity to the end.
On Sunday, June 9, 1918, a great patriotic parade was held in which 25,000 persons, men, women and children, marched, other thousands looking on from every point of vantage. The line of march was from Broad and Sixth to Town, to High, to Chestnut, countermarch to Broad and east to the starting point. There were six divisions: Mothers of soldiers, Red Cross, Junior Red Cross, Patriotic League, War Stamps and War Chest. With bands and banners, on symbolical floats, on foot and on horseback, in uniform and otherwise, the women workers wearing their flowing veils, the procession moved through the streets, mak- ing one of the most beautiful and inspiring spectacles Columbus has ever seen. To the city demonstrants were added delegations from nearly all the townships in the county, their banners adding to the cheer and demonstrating the unity of the people behind the troops. Into a great flag, carried by war chest marchers, spectators threw $749.43. Boy Scouts pushed a great war savings ball behind a banner reading "Keep the Ball Rolling," and Ohio State University women carried the great service flag of that institution with its 2,640 stars. The streets were decorated with the allied colors and effectively patrolled by the police and the Home Guard. John J. Baird was parade marshal and his aide, General John C. Speaks. Motion pictures of the parade were taken with a view to sending to the boys in camp at the front visible evidence of the sentiment at home. In the State House yard, during and after the parade, there was speaking by returned soldiers, and others and the singing or religions and patriotic songs by thousands of school children. Two of the speak- ers were Corporal Thomas S. Cosgrove, of Toledo, and Corporal Charles E. Morris, of Youngstown, both of whom had served for six months with Pershing in France.
County Auditor Sage E. Valentine was the first chairman of the Franklin County Food Administration Committee which operated to secure a fair distribution of foodstuffs and to prevent hoarding. In July, 1918, on the resignation of Mr. Valentine, O. E. Harrison was chosen and the committee was reconstituted as follows: Mayor George J. Karb, George W. Gillette, Dr. Louis Kahn, D. C. Meehan. Frank L. Stein, Daniel H. Sowers, Edward Hymrod, Arthur Carlile, Dr. H. W. Whitaker, Phil S. Bradford, L. L. Pegg, Mrs. Linus B. Kanffman and Miss Faith Lanman.
At the same time there was begun the semi-monthly publication of food prices deemed fair hy the State Food Administration. The first of these, published July 2, set prices for the retailer as well as the consumer. For the latter, the price of wheat flour ranged fro $1.42 to $1.62 for 4 barrel; rye flour, 7 to 83 cents a pound; corn meal 53 to 6 cents a pound ; eggs 40 to 44 eents per dozen; butter 47 to 52 cents a pound; sugar 9 to 93 cents a pound ; beans 123 to 18 cents a pound; lard 28 to 34 cents a pound; bread, 1-pound loaf, 8 to 10
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HISTORY OF COLUMBUS, OHIO
cents; cream cheese, 29 to 31 eents a pound. Buyers were asked to report stores charging more.
A fair price list, published in the following November fixed prices to the consumer as follows: Wheat flour, $1.57 to $1.65 for 3 barrel; rye flour 63 to 7 eents a pound ; corn meal, 5 to 6 cents a pound; fresh eggs 77 to 78 eents a dozen; sugar 11 cents a pound; beans 123 to 14 eents a pound; lard 35 to 36 eents a pound; bread, 1-pound loaf, 8 to 10 eents; eream cheese 46 to 58 cents a pound. Creamery butter was selling on market at 72 to 75 eents a pound; country butter 48 to 50 cents a pound; chiekens, dressed, 30 to 35 eents a pound; ducks, dressed, 38 to 40 cents a pound; turkeys, dressed, 45 cents a pound, Baeon was 60 cents a pound, corned beef 40 cents, boiled ham 60 eents, lamb chops 60 eents. pork chops 10 to 15 cents, porterhouse steak 60 eents, round steak 35 eents, sausage 33 to 35 cents, oysters 80 to 90 cents a quart, potatoes 50 to 60 eents a peek, apples 50 cents to $1 a peek, oranges 50 to 60 cents a dozen. The cost of living had soared, but for- tunately most persons had money to buy with.
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