USA > Ohio > Franklin County > Columbus > History of the city of Columbus, Ohio, from the founding of Franklinton in 1797, through the World War period to the year 1920 > Part 19
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In the succeeding years the men who served as Police Commissioners, aside from the Mayor, who was always an ex officio member, were as follows: 1875, D. W. Brooks, Louis Zettler, Thomas Bergin and F. W. Merrick; 1876, the same with George Butler in place of Merrick ; 1877, the same, with E. J. Blount in place of Bergin; 1878, the same, with John U. Riekenbacher in place of Zettler; 1879, Van S. Seltzer, H. F. Amos, B. MeCabe and M. Burns; 1880, Alonzo B. Coit, Henry Pausch, Burns and MeCabe; 1881, the same; 1882. the same, with Thomas J. Dundon in place of Burns; 1883, the same; 1884, the same with D. H. Royce in place of Pausch; 1885, Jacob Albright, P. H. Bruck, MeCabe and Royee; 1886, the same; 1887, George Burke, Jacob Albright, F. W. Merrick and Dennis Kelly; 1888, B. MeCabe, Charles L. Young, Kelly and Albright; 1889, George J. Karb, Young. Kelly and McCabe; 1890, the same with Wm. D. Dickson in place of Young: 1891, Kelly, MeCabe and Dixon; 1892, John A. Pfeifer, Kelly and Dickson.
In 1885, Allen O. Myers, while a member of the General Assembly, fathered a bill reorganizing the government of Columbus which became a law but was declared neonstitu-
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FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
tional before it became operative. The purpose of the bill was to redistrict the city in the interest of the Democrats and to create an administrative board of three members.
In 1890 the General Assembly passed an act, introduced by A. D. Heffner, creating for Columbus a Board of Public Works of four members, appointed in the first instance by the Mayor, but thereafter to be elected, each for a term of four years. To this board were given all the usual functions of an administrative commission except the control of the police. It was given authority to appoint a Civil Engineer, a Sealer of Weights and Meas- ures and such superintendents, market master and clerks as it deemed necessary. To it was committed the inauguration of all public improvements, the purchase of material and the supervision of the work. The first board, appointed by Mayor Bruck, consisted of E. L. Hinman, William Wall, James M. Loren and Joseph A. Schwartz. Mr. Loren was the first president. He was elected by the people to the board in 1891 and, on the reorganiza- tion of the board Mr. Hinman became president. When Mr. Loren retired William M. Mutchmore took his place; and in 1892 Schwartz was defeated for re-election by Jerry P. Bliss, the board thus becoming for the first time bi-partisan.
NNIX
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City Hall.
Partisan spirit ran high. The Republicans, pleased with the equal division of the Board of Public Works, charged that in the two years when the division stood three Democrats to one Republican, the appointive offices had been filled with Democrats. A reorganization bill was introduced in the Republican General Assembly in April, 1892, but it failed of passage at the last moment by one vote. At the next session, however, a similar bill was passed, creating the administrative departments of public improvements, public safety, law and accounts, and at the head of each a director. Mr. Bliss, of the old board of public works, became Director of Public Improvements, in charge of the water works, engineering, streets, public grounds and buildings; Mr. Wall became Director of Accounts; Mr. Mutch- more became Director of Public Safety, in charge of the police, fire-fighting force, public health and the construction and inspection of buildings; while Gilbert H. Bargar was ap- pointed Director of Law. Wm. H. Williams was for a short time Director of Accounts, succeeding Mr. Wall and in 1895 was appointed Director of Safety and continued in that position till 1899, the beginning of Mayor Swartz's term. Under Mayor Cotton H. Allen, Martin A. Gemuender was Director of Public Improvements, Edward Denmead Director of Accounts and Gilbert H. Bargar Director of Law. Under Mayor Samuel L. Black in 1897-
110
HISTORY OF COLUMBUS, OHIO
98, Selwyn N. Owen was Director of Law, Felix Jacobs Director of Public Improvements and Edward Denmead Director of Accounts. With the election of Samuel Swartz as Mayor in 1899, the administrative offices all fell into the hands of Republicans. Ira H. Crum was Director of Law and Linus B. Kauffman was Director of Public Improvements, eael for the full term. J. W. Dusenbury, first Director of Public Safety, was removed by Council July 20, 1899, on charges of negligence, extravagance and defiance of Council. Oliver M. Evans and Dr. W. U. Cole divided the remainder of the term. Lawrence H. Cott, the first Director of Accounts, resigned and was succeeded by A. C. Armstrong. With the election of John M. Hinkle Mayor, the pendulum swung to the other extreme and all the administrative heads were Democrats: C. C. Philbrick Director of Safety, Luke G. Byrne Director of Law, Fred J. Immel Director of Public Improvements; W. C. Cussins, Director of Accounts.
In all of these administrations there was mueh good public service, but the partisan fire- works were too frequent. These explosions laid heavy claim on the public attention and there was discontent, not only in Columbus but in other eities of the State. The General Assembly had proved a willing agency for the reorganization of cities chiefly to accomplish partisan ends, sometimes to correet recognized local abuses. In this way it had created fourteen different grades and classes of cities that it might distinguish them in the legislation it enacted, and finally it was realized that a vicious system of special legislation had sprung up and that home rule was well nigh destroyed. Recognizing these facts, Governor Bushnell appointed, under the authority of the General Assembly of 1898, a commission to draft a municipal code. Judge D. F. Pugh, of Columbus, and Edward Kibler, of Newark, were the appointees. They prepared a code which was introduced as a bill in the General Assem- bly of 1900 and defeated; it failed also in 1902. In June of the latter year the Supreme Court of the State created a crisis by declaring unconstitutional the existing system of elas- sifying and legislating for eities. Governor Nash called the General Assembly to meet in extraordinary session August 25 and in the meantime, with the assistance of Nicholas Long- worth, of Cincinnati, and Wade H. Ellis, of Columbus, undertook the preparation of a muniei- pal code to be submitted to the legislators when they met. The bill was offered as a part of the Governor's message and was the basis of the code which passed October 22, 1902. By this act the Mayor was made the real head of the local government, appointing all the chief officers not elected by the people, ineluding Tax Commissioners, Sinking Fund Trustees, members of the Board of Health, Library Trustees, etc., and was empowered to suspend for misconduct or ineapacity any officer or head of department, pending charges which he was authorized to file with the Council; he was authorized to appoint, subject to civil service regulations, all policemen and firemen, to fill vacancies in office till the next regular election, and was clothed with the veto power. He was directed to prepare an annual budget on esti- mates which the heads of departments were required to submit to him. The elective officers were, besides the Mayor, the President of the City Council, the Treasurer and Solicitor for two years each and the Auditor for three years; also a department of public service to consist of three or five men as determined by Council. A department of public safety of two or four as determined by Council was to be appointed by the Mavor. Council was to have not fewer than seven members, three of whom were to be elected at large.
Under the provisions of this act, the Council divided the city into 12 wards, created a Board of Public Safety of two members and a Board of Public Service of three members. In 1903, by election, Robert H. Jeffrey became Mayor, Sylvester C. Noble Auditor. C. H. Smith Treasurer, James M. Butler Solicitor, and Henry Bohl, Fred J. Immel and H. O. Pond a Board of Public Service. A Board of Public Safety consisting of James W. Meck and Daniel H. Sowers was appointed by the Mayor. Later, Mr. Bohl resigned and Charles B. Burr became the third member of the Board of Public Service. At the next election DeWitt C. Badger was elected Mayor, George S. Marshall solicitor and Fred Lied was elected to the Board of Public Service with Burr and Immel. William S. Connors was appointed to serve on the Board of Public Safety with Meck. On March 19, 1907, Mavor Badger pro- ferred charges in Council against Burr, Immel and Lied, constituting the Board of Public Service, alleging misfeasance and malfeasance in office. The Couneil at once suspended them for 15 days and after a hearing, removed them from office. Burr fled from the city and never made reply to the charges. Immel and Lied were criminally prosecuted, found guilty and sent to the Penitentiary. Mayor Badger appointed George D. Jones, John F. Andrix
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FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
and James W. Meek to the Board of Public Service to serve until the first Monday in Janu- ary, 1908, and appointed Frank MeCafferty to the Board of Public Safety vice Meek trans- ferred to the other board.
This upheaval led to a Republican victory at the next election. Charles A. Bond being chosen Mayor, George S. Marshall Solicitor, Charles H. Smith Treasurer, S. C. Noble Auditor, and D. J. Fisher, Fred Weadon and Charles A. Pearce Board of Public Service. Foster G. Burdell was appointed to serve with Connors on the Board of Public Safety.
With this administration the boards disappeared and under the provisions of an act passed by the General Assembly the so-called federal plan of government was put to trial. This act (April 29, 1908) made the Mayor the chief conservator of the peace, fixed his term at two years and gave him power to appoint and remove the Director of Public Safety and Director of Public Service and the heads of the sub-departments under both; the directors to attend Council meetings when requested and to answer questions. The Mayor and his two directors were constituted a board of control to pass on all contracts involving the expen- diture of more than $500, and the Mayor was to make to Council such recommendations as might seem to him wise. A classified and unclassified group of city employes were defined, and a civil service commission with authority over the former was created-a body of three appointed by the President of the Board of Education, the President of the Sinking Fund Commission and the President of the Council.
In 1909 George S. Marshall was elected Mayor, Edgar L. Weinland Solicitor and H. Clayton Cain Auditor. The Mayor appointed E. L. McCune Director of Public Safety and Harry S. Holton Director of Public Service and set out on a vigorous program of reforms. In his message to Council in March, 1911, Mayor Marshall, as evidence that the city was committed to municipal ownership of public utilities, cited the water works, the electric light plant, the asphalt repair plant and the systems of sewage and garbage disposal and street cleaning. He pointed to the street railways, commercial heating and lighting and the natural gas service, recommending municipal ownership of all with the possible exception of the last named, as the gas supply seemed uncertain. He urged juster and higher taxing of interur- ban railways, and enthusiastically supported a civic betterment program, including public play-grounds, baths, drinking fountains, comfort stations and municipal lodging houses, super- vision of theatres, dance halls, housing conditions, etc. He reported that the Sunday and midnight closing and anti-gambling laws had been enforced; that the social evil had been treated with a view to its ultimate extinction, that the Seventh street "red light" district had been closed, houses of prostitution removed from the vicinity of schools, wine rooms closed and men and women of questionable character driven from the streets. He estimated that the houses of prostitution were 65 fewer than before and that 500 scarlet women had left the city. He reported cleaner streets and alleys, supported city charities, urged the building of a contagion hospital, a new City Hall, and a new City Prison, aimed to make the workhouse a human repair shop instead of merely a place of punishment, inaugurated the plan of sell- ing from the city electric light plant current for day power, urged that overhead wires be put underground, street encroachments and hanging signs be abolished and smoke abated.
No administration could undertake so much without treading on many corns. The pro- gram was nothing short of revolutionary, and to the outcry from those who were hurt was added the criticism of many who disapproved the Mayor's attitude in the street railway strike of 1910. To these causes as well as to the personal popularity of George J. Karb was due the election of the latter in 1912, called from a retirement of 16 years. With him were elected Stuart R. Bolin as Solicitor and Fred Neff as Treasurer. He appointed Samuel A. Kinnear Director of Public Service and Colonel B. L. Bargar Director of Public Safety. In 1914 Mayor Karb was re-elected, Henry S. Scarlett Solicitor and Fred Neff Treasurer, H. Clayton Cain was Auditor and Kinnear and Bargar were continued at the head of the Service and Safety departments.
Meanwhile throughout the State the cry for city home rule had been renewed and the Ohio constitution of 1912 met it by providing that any municipality might frame, adopt and amend its own charter and setting forth how it could be done. At a primary clection, the people of Columbus decided in favor of a commission to frame a charter and elected as such commission: Martin A. Gemuender, George W. Gillette. Emmett Hysell, Felix A. Jacobs, Josenh S. Kornfeld. Theodore Leonard, L. D. Lampman, Clayton A. MeCleary, L. Benton Tussing, Albert Zettler and Edgar I. Weinland. Mr. Gemuender was president and Charles
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HISTORY OF COLUMBUS, OHIO
William Wallace was secretary. The commission sat for many weeks in the auditorium of the Public Library building, listened to the arguments of citizens and experts, discussed the various features of city government and on May 5, 1911, submitted to the electors the docu- ment they had prepared.
The vote was light, but the charter was adopted. Among its features were: Home rule in the sense of escape from rule by the General Assembly; the removal of party emblems from the ballots; the creation of a Council of seven members, elected at large, instead of from different wards, for a term of four years; reduetion from nine to five in the number of offices to be filled at any election; preferential voting for Mayor, City Attorney and Auditor; adoption of the initiative, referendum and recall; the lengthening of the term of all clective officers from two to four years; maintenance and improvement of the merit system of appointments and promotions; establishment of a division of public welfare and permission to Council to elect a public defender; establishment of a board of purchase; safeguards in the granting of franchises; continuing the Mayor's power of veto, but permitting Council to pass ordinances over his veto by the original vote; fixing clearly the responsibility for legislative and executive acts. The Mayor's salary was fixed at $5,000. He was made the chief conservator of the peace and directed to supervise the administration, enforce ordi- nances, recommend measures to Council and to appoint a Director of Public Safety, a Director of Public Service and any other officers whose positions may be created by Coun- cil. The salary of councilmen was fixed at $1,000.
On his re-election in 1916, Mayor Karb appointed George A. Borden Director of Public Service and Michael J. Barry Director of Public Safety. W. H. Ginder was elected Auditor and Elmer E. Jenkins was appointed Treasurer by the Council. When Barry died in August, 1918, Arthur J. Thatcher, who had long been secretary to the Mayor, was appointed to the vacancy.
The Mayors since Columbus became a city in 1834 have been: John Brooks, 1834; John Bailhache (by appointment in place of Brooks resigned) 1835; Warren Jenkins, 1836-37; P. H. Olmsted, 1838-39; John G. Miller, 1810; Thomas Wood (by appointment in place of Miller resigned), 1841; A. I. McDowell, 1842; S. E. Wright, 1843-44; Alex. Patton, 1845; A. S. Decker, 1846; Alex. Patton, 1847-49; Lorenzo English, 1850-60; Wray Thomas, 1861- 64; James G. Bull, 1865-68; George W. Meeker, 1869-70; James G. Bull, 1871-74; John H. Heitman, 1875-78; G. G. Collins, 1879-80; George S. Peters, 1881-82; Charles C. Walcutt, 1883-86; Philip H. Bruck, 1887-90; George J. Karb, 1891-94; Cotton H. Allen, 1895-96; Samuel L. Black, 1897-98: Samuel J. Swartz, 1899-1900; John N. Hinkle, 1901-1902; Robert H. Jeffrey, 1903-05; DeWitt C. Badger, 1906-07; Charles A. Bond, 1908-09; George S. Marshall, 1910-11 ; George J. Karb, 1912-14-16-19; James J. Thomas, 1920 -.
R. W. McCoy, who in 1831 was elected President of the Council, had been a member of that body sinee the first election in 1816, and by re-elections was continued as president till 1853 when he resigned his seat. William Miner, in July of that year, was clected to the vacancy. Succeeding Presidents of Couneil have been: Theodore Comstock, 1854; Henry Wilson, 1855; Theodore Comstock, 1856; Luther Donaldson, 1859; Jacob Reinhard, 1863; Grafton Douty, 1865; Theodore Comstock, 1866. (This election was disputed and there was no meeting of Council from the middle of April to July 26, when Mr. Comstock resigned and Luther Donaldson was elected) ; Jacob Reinhard, 1867; William Naghten, 1868 and 1869; Luther Donaldson, 1870 and 1871; Theodore Comstock, 1872; John G. Mitchell, 1873; Isaac S. Beekey, 1874; John G. Mitchell, 1875; Isaac B. Potts, 1876; Henry Pausch, 1877-8; Charles Breyfogle, 1879; Wm. B. McChing, 1880-81; R. C. Hoffman, 1882; Wm. Felton, 1883: Henry C. Taylor, 1884; Walter B. Pag., 1885; Richard Reynolds, 1886; Frank E. Hayden, 1887; J. E. Robinson, 1888; Dennis J. Clahane, 1889; Daniel S. Wilder, 1890; C. O. Hunter, 1891; J. H. Culbertson, 189 ?: A. E. Evans, 1893; Carl N. Bancroft, 1894; T. A. Simons, 1895; Wm. T. Rowles, 1896; Mark Ellerman, 1897; W. C. Wallace, 1898; A. E. Evans, 1899; James J. Thomas, 1900-01; S. O. Giffin, 1902; George D. Jones, 1903- 04-05; George W. Rightmire, 1906-07-08-09; David T. Logan, 1910-11-12-13 ; Fred J. Hecr, 1914-15; A. E. Griffin, 1916-17; Milton W. Westlake, 1918 ; Joseph C. Nailor, 1919 --.
Wm. T. Martin was continued as Recorder till 1839, when he was succeeded by Wm. Miner. Miner was succeeded by Joseph Ridgway, jr., in 1843, and he served till 1850 when the office was abolished, the most of its duties having been transferred to that of City Clerk which was created in 1840, with B. F. Martin as first incumbent. Succeeding City Clerks
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FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
were: Joseph Dowdall, 1857-60; J. J. Funston, 1861-63; Joseph Dowdall, 1864-65; Levi E. Wilson, 1866-73; Frank Wilson, 1874-78; Henry E. Bryan, 1879-90; John M. Doane, 1890-98; John T. Barr, 1898-1915; James J. Thomas, 1915-19; Opha Moore, 1920 --.
The successive City Treasurers were: Wm. Long, 1834-35; Jonathan Neereamer, 1836- 37; John Greenwood, 1838-41; William Armstrong, 1842-61; T. P. Martin, 1862 (office abolished April 29, that year, and duties transferred to County Treasurer; office re-ereated in 1903); Wm. C. Cussins, 1903-05; Charles H. Smith, 1906-10; Fred C. Neff, 1911-14; Elmer E. Jenkins, 1915 --
The Surveyors under the charter of 1834 were: C. R. Prezriminsky, J. A. Lapham, Nathaniel Medberry, John Field (each one year), Uriah Lathrop (three years), N. B. Kelley (three years), Uriah Lathrop (1844 to 1856 inelusive), Philip D. Fisher (title changed to City Engineer, 1857-65), W. W. Pollard, 1866; H. W. Jaeger, 1867-68; B. F. Bowen, 1869- 71; John Graham, 1872-73; Josiah Kinnear, 1874-77; T. N. Guliek, 1879; John Graham, 1880-87; Reuben R. Marble, 1888-89; Josiah Kinnear, 1890-97; Julian Griggs, 1898-1906; Henry Maetzel, 1907 ---
The Marshals (since 1873 superintendents of poliee) were in order of service: Abram Stotts, 1834-35; George B. Harvey, 1836 to 1842 inclusive; George Riordan, 1843; George B. Harvey, 1844-46; John Whitzell, 1847-50; John H. Turney, 1851; James Stephens, 1852- 53; H. M. Wakeman, 1854-56; John Cofforth, 1857-60; Samuel Thompson, 1861-64; Adam Stephens, 1865; Patrick Murphy, 1866-68; Charles Engleke, 1869-73; Alexis Keeler, 1873- 74; Charles Engleke, 1874-79; J. W. Lingo, 1879; S. A. Rhoads, 1880, vice Lingo removed; Lingo, December, 1880. viee Rhoads removed; Rhoads, May, 1881, vice Lingo removed ; Samuel Thompson, October, 1881, vice Rhoads removed, Thompson serving until 1885; John W. Lingo, 1885-87 ; John E. Murphy, 1887-93; Edward Pagels, 1893-95; Patriek Kel- ley, 1895-99; J. Maeey Waleutt, part of 1899; Wm. P. Tyler, August, 1899-1903; Patriek Kelley, 1903-04; John A. Russell, 1901 (died a few days after his seleetion) ; John F. O'Connor, 1904-10; Charles E. Carter, 1910-1920; H. E. Freneh, 1920.
The Sinking Fund Commission, consisting of four trustees appointed by the Mayor, became a part of the governmental machinery in 1883. It has had an honorable record from the first and has performed a most useful service in saving money for the taxpayers and maintaining the eredit of the eity. Its members have been in the order of their service: John M. Pugh, Isaac Eberly, Luther Donaldson, Joseph H. Outhwaite, Henry C. Noble, Benjamin F. Martin, W. J. Gilmore, C. Wesley Hess, Robert S. Smith, Benjamin Woodbury, Adolf Theobald, Albert D. Heffner, C. D. Firestone, William F. Burdell, Emil Kiesewetter, P. W. Huntington, Frederick W. Prentiss, Howard C. Park, George W. Bright, David E. Williams, Joshua D. Priee, C. Christian Born, Fred Lazarus, William F. Hoffman, John L. Vanee, jr., George J. Schoedinger, Simon Lazarus, Foster Copeland, George A. Archer, Joseph C. Campbell, Howard C. Park, Frank L. Stein, and Lee M. Boda. The last four are now serving. The Secretaries of the commission have been: David E. Williams, Martin A. Gemnender and Willis G. Bowland, the last named now serving.
A statement by Secretary Bowland in Mareh, 1918, showed: Assessment bonds (street improvement and sewer) $6,035,800; water works bonds, $3,746,000; other general city bonds, $13,125,150; total bonded debt, $22,907,250. Bonds and cash in the sinking fund applicable to debt payment, $8,043,908; net debt, $11,863,342. Value of real and personal property was assessed for taxation, 1918, $314,725,200.
Suburban T'illages.
Columbus is surrounded by a number of incorporated villages as follows:
Village
Inc.
Area
Pop.
First Mayor
Grandview Heights
1903
1 square mile 1200
W. H. Page
Marble Cliff 1908
240 aeres 200
Butler Sheldon
Bexley 1908
2000 aeres 2000
Frank Holtzman
Linden Heights 1911
2 square miles 1800
L. H. Mann
East Linden 1919
¿ square mile
500
J. B. Denune
Upper Arlington 1918
300 acres 500
James T. Miller
Hanford
1910
1 square mile 300
Walter Sehleppi
East Columbus 1916
Į square mile 1300
George Krumm
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HISTORY OF COLUMBUS, OHIO
Grandview Heights has two churches, a grade school and a high school. Its mayors have been in order: Wm. Herbert Page, James L. Carmen and C. K. Seibert. Present officers: J. E. Ryder mayor, W. H. Whissen clerk, L. G. Latham treasurer.
Marble Cliff forms a part of Grandview Heights village school district. On the line between the two villages is the community church, the first of its kind in this section, Rev. O. C. Weist pastor, while Aladdin Country Club is within the vilage limits. Present officers: C. W. Bellows mayor, John H. Nau clerk, Wm. E. Rex treasurer, F. H. Auld, S. P. Bush, H. M. Bellows, Frank P. Hall, Wm. K. Lanman and Carl R. Lindenberg councilmen.
Capital University is situated in Bexley, which has also a grade school and is about to build a $200,000 high school. All the principal streets of Bexley are paved and sewered. Its mayors have been: Frank Holtzman, F. D. Chamberlain, J. T. Sheppard. Present officers: Dr. A. C. Wolfe mayor, S. W. Roderick clerk, O. P. Dunlap, T. K. Hatfield, E. E. Legg, L. Loy, R. J. Wheaton, and Frank Bonnett councilmen; S. R. Southard, G. R. Wanamaker, John Henney, H. D. Harris and Carl Busch members of school board; George Frey, E. D. Barnett, H. T. Fishaw and M. S. Connors trustees of public affairs.
Linden Heights has a public school, four churches and three lodges. The mayors have been: Dr. L. H. Mann, T. M. Fluhart, D. A. Shade, J. T. Killen. Present officers : J. H. F. Browning mayor, George H. Butler clerk, S. M. Wells treasurer, Frank Mooney, F. T. Rudy, A. C. Cornwell, C. M. Valentine, W. E. Stevens and Thomas Reese council- men; C. A. Miller, marshal.
East Linden is in the Columbus school district and has two schools and five churches. J. B. Denune has been mayor from the date of the village organization and so continues. The other officers are: A. W. Selby clerk, Charles Shaffer treasurer, George Hess, Charles Radebaugh, P. P. Denune, L. A. Russel, A. A. Hoffman and Rozelle McNabb councilmen; A. E. Green marshal and health officer.
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