USA > Ohio > Hamilton County > Cincinnati > Sketches and statistics of Cincinnati in 1851 > Part 31
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Another difficulty yet remained-no water could be found nearer than the foot of the hill, half a mile distant, and to haul all the water so great a distance would have cost a large sum. I selected one of the deepest ravines on the hill-top, and throwing a dam across, while it was actually raining, I had the pleasure of seeing it fill rapidly from the hill-sides ; and in this way an abundant supply was obtained for the mixing of mortar, at a very moderate expense of hauling.
Thus prepared, the building was commenced, with two masons and one tender, during the first week; at the close of the week I had raised sufficient funds to pay off my hands, and directed the foreman to employ, for the following week, two additional masons and a tender; to supply this force with materials, several hands were employed in the quarry, in the lime-kiln, and in the sand-pit, all of whom were hired by the day, to be paid half cash and the residue in trade. During all this time, I may remark, that I was discharg- ing my duties as professor of Mathematics and Philosophy in the Cin- cinnati College, and teaching five hours in each day. Before eight o'clock in the morning, I had visited all my workmen in the build- ing, in the lime-kiln, sand-pit and stone quarry-at that hour my duties in the college commenced, and closed at one. By two o'clock,
345
CINCINNATI OBSERVATORY.
P. M., I was again with my workmen, or engaged in raising the means of paying them on Saturday night. The third week the number of hands was again doubled ; the fourth week produced a like increase, until finally, not less than fifty day laborers were actually engaged in the erection of the Cincinnati Observatory. Each Saturday night exhausted all my funds, but I commenced the next week in the full confidence that industry and perseverance would work out their legitimate results. To raise the cash means re- quired, was the great difficulty. I have frequently made four or five trades to turn my due-bills, payable in trade, into cash. I have not unfrequently gone to individuals and sold them their own due- bills payable in merchandise, for cash, by making a discount. The pork merchants paid me cash for my due bills, payable in barrels and lard kegs, and in this way, I managed to obtain sufficient cash means, to prosecute the work vigorously during the months of July and August ; and in September, I had the satisfaction to see the building up and covered, without having incurred one dollar of debt. At one period, I presume, one hundred hands were employed, at the same time, in the prosecution of the work. More than fifty hands on the hill, and as many in the city in the various workshops, paying their subscriptions by work for different parts of the build- ing. The doors were in the hands of one carpenter, the window- frames in those of another-a third was employed on the sash-a painter took them from the joiner, and in turn delivered them to a glazier, while a carpenter paid his stock by hanging them, with weights purchased by stock, and with cords obtained in the same way. Many locks were furnished by our townsmen in payment of their subscriptions. Lumber, sawing, flooring, roofing, paint- ing, mantles, steps, hearths, hardware, lathing, doors, windows, glass, and painting, were in like manner obtained. At the be- ginning of each week my master carpenter generally gave me a bill of lumber and materials wanted during the week. In case they had not been already subscribed, the stock-book was resorted to, and there was no relaxing of effort until the necessary articles were obtained. If a tier of joists was wanted, the saw-mills were visited, and in some instances the joists for the same floor came from two or three different mills.
On covering the building, the great crowd of hands employed, as masons, tenders, lime-burners, quarry-men, sand and water men, were paid off and discharged ; and it now seemed that the heavy
346
CINCINNATI OBSERVATORY.
pressure was passed, and that one might again breathe free, after the responsibility of such heavy weekly payments was removed.
Having used as much space as is admissible, I conclude, for the present, by referring to the following table, which will give, perhaps, a more correct idea of the organization of the Cincinnati Astrono- mical Society, than a labored description.
The members of the Society, so far as known, are divided as follows :
Judges. 6
Lumber Merchants. 18
Physicians 25
Livery Stable Keepers 3
Magistrates
6
Hardware Merchants 7
Lawyers 33
Steamboat Owners. 5
Officers of Insurance Offices 8
Engincers. 2
Persons living from rents. 34
Engraver.
1
Blacksmiths . 8
Plumbers
2
Iron and Brass Founders 17
Lockmakers
2
Wholesale Grocers 39
Paperhangers
7
Retail
17
Stonemasons
3
Editors 5
Brick and Plasterers 2
Teachers
25
Sawyers
7
Clergymen. 5
Butchers
3
Dry-Goods Dealers 30
Bookseller
1
Bankers and Brokers 21
Hatters
3
Clerks 13
Horticulturists
3
Leather Dealers and Tanners 6
Millers
2
Iron Merchants 16
Tinners 2
Pork Merchants 16
Ice Dealer.
1
Book Publishers. 2
Architects.
2
Druggists.
16
Painters
4
Watchmakers. . 4
Farmers.
2
Carpenters and Joiners. 23
Cooper.
1
Tailors and Clothiers. 6
Brickmaker
1
Crockery Merchants. 7
Mattress Makers
2
Hotel Keepers 6
Printers 7
Shoemakers
5
Cabinetmakers
6
66 Oil-Cloth .
1
Ship Builders.
4
66
Plows . .
2
Stone Cutters.
3
66 other articles.
9
Wire Workers 1
Carriage Makers. 4
Lockmakers and Bell Hangers .. 3 Remainder unknown.
Manufacturers of White Lead. 3
Saleratus. 1
Cotton Yarn .. 2
Saddlers. 2
Lamp Dealers. 2
REEDER'S BUILDING, THIRD, WEST OF WALNUT STREET.
349
COAL.
COAL.
So extensive has been the consumption, or rather waste of timber in the vicinity of our western cities, within the last fifty years, as to render the use of mineral coal, as fuel, a strict necessity.
On the first introduction of coal for that purpose, twenty-five or thirty years since, it was sold at twenty to twenty-five cents per bushel, while fire-wood could be purchased at two dollars and fifty cents per cord ; making ten or twelve bushels of coal as costly as one cord of wood. The relative value of these fuel materials, has altered so greatly since, in the advanced price of wood and the reduced price of coal, that we can hardly realize the fact that even at the rates thus named, and including the price of sawing and splitting, the coal was the cheaper article for family use.
The early supplies of coal were brought here by Ephraim Jones, from Wheeling and Pittsburgh ; and for years these were the only varieties consumed here.
But the great superiority of coal over wood, for families, in the facility of putting it away in a small space ; the convenience of tak- ing it through a dwelling; the readiness with which its fires can be shut down at night, and rekindled in the morning-in a cold morn- ing, a great point of advantage-the superior degree of safety of coal over wood, as regards accidental fires resulting from their use, and more than all, the changed relation of value-coal now costing hardly more than one-fourth the price of firewood, have rendered the coal popular, alike to the employer and those he hires. Wood, except for cooking purposes, is fuel here no longer.
The principal objection to the use of coal, is the presence of sul- phur and of bitumen to such excess, as to render its use unpleasant and unhealthy in chambers, as well as a nuisance in the streets ; defiling the persons of individuals, and the fronts of the buildings. Most of us have visited Pittsburgh and Wheeling, and can compre- hend the force of these objections.
Fortunately for us, we have coal mines opened and opening con- stantly for the supply of this market, which promise to obviate the objection alluded to. These are :
1. The Pomeroy mines, in Meigs county, Ohio.
2. The Peach Orchard field, on Sandy, Virginia.
3. The Cannel coal, on Kanawha.
350
COAL - GLENDALE.
4. The coal on the Monongahela and Youghiogeny, of the Cin- cinnati Coal-mine Company, and lastly :
5. The new mines at South Point, Lawrence county, in Ohio, and the Rock Grove mines in Virginia, just commencing to supply this market.
These varieties burn free from sulphur, and consume every por- tion to ashes, as any one will find on making the test.
The consumption of coal in 1840, was one million nine hundred thousand and fifty bushels. It has increased since, to nearly eight million bushels; the regular decline in price, and our business enlargement stimulating a constantly increasing consumption of the article.
GLENDALE.
THIS is a village, and once a series of fine farms, amounting in the aggregate to five hundred and sixty-five acres. It is situated on the line of the Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton railroad, and twelve miles from our own city. The property has been purchased by a joint-stock company of thirty persons, who propose. after selecting their own lots out of the premises, to lay off the residue into building lots of various sizes, confining their sales to actual residents, at least for the summer season, and of a description of persons who will be desirable neighbors to each other. A series of improvements are in progress, which will make Glendale a delight- ful residence. An artificial lake of four acres surface, and seven- teen feet depth, has been created, by running a dam three hundred feet long just below four or five permanent and abundant springs ; which will secure inexhaustible supplies of water for washing and bathing.
Glendale will be a station for wooding and watering, and passen- gers and freight for the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton railroad.
An arrangement will be made to establish regular morning and evening trains to and from Cincinnati, in addition to the through trains. This will afford unrivaled facilities to accommodate the dwellers at Glendale.
There will be three hundred lots or more, laid out, for future purchasers.
WOODRUFF HOUSE,
P. E. & G. P. TUTTLE, . PROPRIETORS.
353
CENSUS OF OHIO-1850.
CENSUS OF OHIO-1850.
COUNTIES.
WHITE.
COLORED.
TOTAL.
1840.
Adams
18,890
53
18,943
12,775
Allen
12,100
16
12,116
9,079
Ashland
23,824
2
23,826
Ashtabula.
28,727
40
28,767
23,723
Athens
18,137
80
18,217
19,109
Auglaize*
11,278
63
11,341
Belmont
33,914
685
34,599
30,901
Brown
26,648
686
27,334
22,715
Butler
30,439
355
30,794
28,173
Carroll
17,635
50
17,685
18,108
Champaign
19,278
465
19,743
16,720
Clark
21,872
302
22,174
16,832
Clermont
30,056
393
30,449
23,100
Clinton
18,268
569
18,837
15,719
Columbiana
33,437
164
33,601
40,378
Coshocton
25,631
40
25,671
21,500
Crawford
18,167
10
18,177
13,152
Cuyahoga.
47,776
329
48,105
26,506
Darke .
20,038
239
20,277
13,282
Defiance *
6,947
19
6,966
22,060
Erie
18,436
142
18,578
12,457
Fairfield
30,002
255
30,257
31,924
Fayette
12,457
279
12,736
10,984
Franklin
41,327
1553
42,880
25,049
Fulton
7,779
1
7,780
Gallia
15,885
1179
17,064
13,444
Geauga
17,816
7
17,823
16,297
Greene
21,339
608
21,947
17,528
Guernsey
30,295
177
30,472
27,748
Hamilton
153,356
3494
156,850
80,145
Hancock
16,753
21
16,774
9,981
Hardin
8,237
14
8,251
4,598
Harrison
19,901
259
20,160
20,099
Henry
3,432
3,432
2,503
Highland
24,909
872
25,781
22,269
Hocking
13,990
129
14,119
9,741
Holmes
20,457
1
20,458
18,088
Huron
26,184
19
26,203
22,661
Jackson
12,376
348
12,724
9,744
Jefferson
23,469
664
29,133
25,030
Knox
28,828
42
28,870
29,579
Lake
14,619
36
14,655
13,740
Lawrence
14,944
303
15,247
9,725
Licking
38,738
107
38,845
35,096
Logan
18,671
497
19,168
14,015
Lorain
25,834
257
26,091
18,467
Lucas
12,255
126
12,381
9,382
Madison
9,922
90
10,012
9,025
Mahoning
23,680
53
23,733
Marion
12,536
18
12,554
20,852
Medina
24,396
37
24,433
18,352
Delaware
21,682
132
21,814
354
CENSUS OF OHIO-1850.
COUNTIES.
WHITE.
COLORED.
TOTAL.
1840.
Meigs
17,921
39
17,960
11,452
Mercer
7,319
393
7,712
8,277
Miami
24,391
566
24,957
19,688
Monroe
28,306
61
28,367
18,521
Montgomery
38,007
210
38,217
31,038
Morgan
28,515
78
28,593
20,852
Morrow
20,239
1
20,240
Muskingum
44,460
593
45,053
38,749
Ottawa .
3,309
1
3,310
2,248
Paulding.
1,765
1
1,766
1,034
Perry . .
20,751
23
20,774
19,344
Pickaway
20,720
390
21,110
19,725
Pike.
10,337
618
10,955
7,626
Portage
24,331
56
24,387
19,688
Preble
21,708
40
21,748
19,482
Putnam
7,221
7,221
5,189
Richland
30,823
54
30,877
44,532
Ross
30,263
1821
32,084
27,460
Sandusky
14,495
34
14,529
10,182
Scioto
18,562
167
18,729
11,192
Seneca
26,995
110
27,105
18,139
Shelby
13,573
383
13,956
12,154
Stark. .
39,789
99
39,888
34,605
Summit
27,375
106
27,481
22,562
Trumbull
30,504
36
30,540
25,700
Tuscarawas
31,658
74
31,732
25,631
Union
12,081
124
12,205
8,422
Vanwert
4,748
45
4,793
1,577
Vinton *
9,252
101
9,353
Warren
25,024
536
25,560
23,141
Washington.
29,139
373
29,512
20,823
Wayne .
33,024
21
33,045
35,808
Williams
8,018
8,018
4,995 ..
Wood
9,147
18
9,165
5,458
Wyandot *
11,121
48
11,169
Totals
1,957,465
23,495
1,980,960
1,519,467
* Erected since 1840
Note .- Since the earlier pages of this publication went to press, the Cincinnati Female Institute, under charge of Professor Zachos and Miss M. Cox, has been removed to Dayton, and merged in the Cooper Female Institute of that city.
This change serves only to enlarge its recommendations to those desirous of sending pupils, in the measure of advantage, Dayton possesses over Cincin- nati as respects abundant range of exercise, as well as purer air to breathe.
WESLEYAN FEMALE COLLEGE
356
THE PROTESTANT UNIVERSITY OF THE UNITED STATES.
THE PROTESTANT UNIVERSITY OF THE UNITED STATES.
THIS Institution was incorporated by the Legislature of Ohio, in the year 1845, and is under the management of a competent board of trustees. The following is the second section of its charter, which fixes its location, defines its object, and secures to it the most un- limited academic powers, viz: " The said university shall be located in, or near to, the city of Cincinnati ; and its object and purpose are hereby declared to be the promotion and advancement of education, the cultivation and diffusion of literature, science, and the arts, in all their departments and faculties." It is not Sectarian. Thus, in the ninth and eleventh sections, it is expressly "provided that in the rules and regulations governing the admission of students, there shall be no preference on account of religious sects, or any other cause, except good moral character, and the promise of superior scholarship," and "that the corporation shall have no power at any time to establish a sectarian religious test, as a condition of enjoying the honors and privileges of the university." But it is Protestant. And this name was given to it, by the Legislature, because of the provision in the eleventh section of its charter, " That it shall always be conducted in subserviency to the True, Reformed, Protestant Christian Religion, as taught in the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments." Its general corporate powers are correspond- ingly liberal in their character. This outline, as it is due to our citizens, will sufficiently explain, for the present, the nature and scope of the institution.
The university has not yet been opened for instruction, but much has been done in preparation for this. The Rev. William Wilson, of this city, who is about to sail for Europe in its interest, is its chancellor. It has recently been endowed, by the munificent be- quest of an enlightened, spirited, and patriotic protestant, in the eastern section of our country. The whole Protestant world, as well as the republic of letters and science, are deeply interested in the success of this university.
The Officers of the Board of Trustees, are :-
Rev. Andrew Heron, D. D., President pro tem.
James C. McMillan, Esq., Secretary.
Thomas Wilson, Esq., Treasurer.
30
BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, AT FAIRMOUNT.
3031700
CX.STILLMAN CIN.
FARMERS' COLLEGE, HAMILTON COUNTY, O.
MANUFACTURING ILLUSTRATIONS.
359
PRICES OF JONES' HAND- PRESSES.
Double medium, with boiler apparatus, $240; imperial, 220; super royal, 200; medium, 190; Cap, without boiler apparatus, 75.
B
on the tympan.
A. Position of Pressman. B. Position of Roller Boy. C. Place for Bank, from which the sheet is put
TELFER
0
A
Guilford & Jones, 41 Second street, who have the exclusive right for the ma- nufacture and sale of this valuable hand-press, are now prepared to fill orders for medium and double medium sizes. By this press, an increase of at least fifty per cent. of work is obtained, with a great reduction of labor. Its pecu- liar advantages over the old consist :- 1. In the saving of time in putting on and taking off the sheet. 2. In the saving of time in running the bed under and out from the platin. 3. In the flying the frisket, as it is self-acting. 4. In the application of the leverage, by which means a very heavy impression is obtained by a small expenditure of physical force. 5. In the saving of time and labor of stepping backward and forward by the pressman, as it is unne- cessary for him to move out of his tracks while at work. 6. From the manner in which the points are attached, it being impossible for the blankets to full up as the form runs under the platin, which, in the ordinary press, renders the points liable to move.
JONES' IMPROVED HAND-PRESS:
-
361
MANUFACTURING ILLUSTRATIONS,
WILSON'S PATENT STEAM RENDERING TANKS.
363
MANUFACTURING ILLUSTRATIONS.
LOTZE'S NEW PATENT WARM AIR FURNACE OF 1850, FOR HEATING CHURCHES, DWELLINGS, STORES, AND OTHER PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
FURNACE, WITH BRICK AIR-CHAMBER, FOR BURNNG COAL.
FURNACE STOVE, FOR BURNING WOOD.
Y.i.
DOUND TO SEP 21 1939
PLEASE 'CAL
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