USA > Ohio > Sketches and statistics of Cincinnati in 1859 > Part 22
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Glendale is fifteen miles from the city, by the Cincinnati, Ham- ilton and Dayton Railroad, which affords a ready, convenient and frequent opportunity of communicating with our great metropolis.
One of the most interesting features in the place is the Glendale Female College. Faculty, fifteen ; number of pupils, one hundred and eight.
Faculty .- Joseph G. Monfort, D. D., president ; Rev. Samuel S. Potter, A. M., Rev. Ludlow D. Potter, A. M., Mrs. E. J. McFerson, associate principal, Mrs. Hannah Monfort, Mrs. Phebe Potter, Miss Sarah Parke Morrison, Miss Mary Parke McFerson, C. B. Chap- man, M. D., Lecturer on the Natural Sciences, Mons. Leon Rive, Painting and German, Mons. Philibert Beaugureau, Drawing and French. Department of music-Madame Caroline Rive, princi- pal, Miss Harriet Staub.
The location of this institution, fifteen miles north of Cincinnati, on the Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton Railroad, gives it superior advantages. It is accessible, and remarkably healthy-not a seri- ous case of sickness having occurred in the institution since its establishment. No better location could have been selected for a
OHIO FEMALE COLLEGE COLLEGE HILL, O basilea Som Carminati
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SUBURBS.
female college. It is a beautiful and attractive place, laid out by an association of gentlemen from Cincinnati as a suburban village. The taste displayed in gardens, groves, and walks, together with its handsome natural scenery, cannot fail to please the eye and cul- tivate a taste for the beautiful in nature and art. Add to this the refined social advantages, the entire absence of the various excite-" ments and temptations that attend female institutions located in cities, and in the immediate vicinity of institutions for young men, and its facilities, by railroad communication in all directions, and we have a combination of attractions superior to any that can be found in the western country.
The musical department is under the direction of Madame Car- oline Rivé, who was educated in Paris, under Garcia, and is, per- haps, unequaled in this country. She is aided by her sister, Miss Staub, who is also favorably known as a distinguished vocalist.
With these facilities, and having associated with them instructors, all of whom are practical and experienced teachers, and having adopted a course of instruction as elevated as that of any similar institution, the proprietors are determined that no exertion on their part shall be wanting to make this institution equal to any in the country, to qualify young ladies for teachers of seminaries, for mis- sionaries, for usefulness in any station of life, and for the highest grade of refined literary society.
Accommodations .- The main building, an imposing structure, is one hundred and seventeen feet long and three stories high, ex- clusive of basement, containing forty rooms, well furnished.
A new and beautiful chapel and concert hall, sixty-eight feet by forty-two, has been erected for purposes of instruction and public worship. The first story contains six recitation rooms, the second, one spacious hall, in which the pupils will assemble daily for de- votional exercises, and, on the Sabbath, with the congregation, for public worship, and in which will be given frequent scientific lec- tures, and occasional concerts by teachers and scholars.
To the main building has been added, during the past year, a wing sixty-two feet in length, containing a spacious dining room and nine music rooms.
Applications .- Applications for admission, and all letters of in- quiry, or on business relating to the institution, should be directed, " Glendale Female College," Glendale, Hamilton county, Ohio.
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MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.
XI. MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.
WITH the exception of Philadelphia, Cincinnati is probably the most extensive manufacturing city in the United States. All the materials and facilities for this industrial department, exist here in an abundance not to be found at other points; a marked promi- nence, as well as space, is therefore given, in this volume, to our manufactures and mechanical arts, and their results. Details are given, to afford the opportunity to those who are interested in this subject, to follow the writer of these pages in his investigations, and determine by a scrutiny, the accuracy of the aggregates they make, and the justice of the deductions to which they point.
The summary exhibited at the close of this department, exhibits distinctly the value to the community of this right arm of its strength, and principal source of its wealth. The value of the trade and commerce of Cincinnati, is probably eighty millions of dollars; profit, say, 12} per cent., or ten millions; of the manufacturing and mechanical operations, ninety millions-profit, 33} per cent., or thirty million dollars. The first employs a force of fifty-six hun- dred individuals; the second a force of forty-five thousand.
Agricultural Machinery, and Implements-This is a department of manufactures here, which had barely a commencement, in 1841, in eight factories, employing forty-five hands, and affording a pro- duct of forty-nine thousand four hundred dollars. It has now reached a value of thirteen hundred and ninety-five thousand dol- lars, affording occupation to six hundred and twenty hands; value of raw materials, 65 per cent.
A wide range of implements and machinery is made, although the bulky and heavy articles-of mowers and reapers-are not yet extensively manufactured; a few years, however, will supply the deficiency in this line.
There are twenty establishments engaged in this department, of which four are at work upon plows and plow molds alone. Every variety of farmers' implements is supplied in this city, and imme- diate vicinity, such as harvesters, mowers, rakers, reapers, grain threshers, horse powers, corn and cob grinding inills, cider mills,
241
MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.
fanning mills, harrows, corn planters, plows in every variety, cul- tivators, drilling machinery, ground feed and vegetable steam boilers, road scrapers, apparatus for making sugar and molasses from the sorgho, or Chinese sugar cane, corn-shellers, straw cut- ters, horse rakes, wine, cheese, lard, and hay presses, clover hull- ers, barrows, churns, and various minor articles. These are manu- - factured to a constantly increasing extent.
The plow department alone employs eighty-three hands, and turns out plows and plow molds to the value of one hundred and forty-six thousand dollars.
Samuel Males, 96 Everett street, makes, as one apparatus, a convertible cider mill, corn-sheller, and vegetable grinder, suscep- tible of being, in one minute, changed from any one to any other of these purposes. A press is connected with this machine, capa- ble of pressing cider, lard, or cheese. The apparatus will grind five bushels of apples in a minute. Although it has not been more than fourteen months before the public, it obtained at twenty-four national, State, county, and mechanics' fairs, fifty-five first premi- ums, silver cups, silver medals, or diplomas. Raw material, 60 per cent., value of annual product, ninety-six thousand dollars. ·
James Townsend, No. 201 Maple street, has the patent right of this apparatus, for several counties in Illinois, and is manufac- turing them for the southern part of that State, where a large de- mand will be created for the article.
Hedges, Free & Co., No. 6 Main street, manufacture a variety of agricultural machinery, among which are the Little Giunt corn and cob crushers, agricultural steam boilers, apparatus for making sugar and molasses from the Chinese sugar cane, corn shellers, stalk cutters and fodder mills and road scrapers. The agricultural steam boiler enables the farmer to cook feed for his stock, steam his cut straw, hay, and corn stalks, and to heat water for the family washing, as well as for other purposes. It is provided with a safety valve, by which the apparatus relieves itself of surplus steam, whenever necessary. It also gives due notice when the water is getting low in the boiler. In towns and cities, it is of great convenience as well as value, to hotels and large boarding houses; also, to dyers and tanners, as the steam-pipe, plunged into the wash-tubs, dye vessels, or tan vats, without further trouble raises the temperature of the water to the desired point, boiling cold water in one-third the time, and with one-fourth the fuel
242
MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.
usually required. Of these, in three sizes, they make one thou- sand annually.
Their corn and cob crushers are extensively known and ap- proved. Two thousand of these are every year turned out from their factory.
One of the most important articles they make, is their sugar mills, horizontal and vertical, for grinding the Chinese sugar cane. As this cane has now become one of the great staples of the United States, an article so well adapted as is this to the purpose, is of great importance. Orders for these mills have been received from every section of the west -- from Philadelphia and other points east, and fiom California, and even from those portions of the south not adapted to the ordinary sugar culture. Of these mills, although the demand, as well as the manufacturing is yet in its infancy, this concern already makes at the rate of fifty per week. The engrav- ings at the close of this volume, will give some idea of the various descriptions of this sugar making apparatus. They employ eighty hands, and manufacture to the value of two hundred and sixty-two thousand dollars; raw material, 70 per cent.
"The factory of W. W. Hamer & Co., at the northeast corner of Second and Western Row, presents an interesting feature in the present department. Here may be seen as a specimen, in actual operation, a grinding and bolting flour mill, equally simple and efficient, designed to obviate the existing style of large and com- plicated flouring and grist mills, so expensive in first cost, and con- stant repairs, and confining the business to heavy capitalists alone.
In this mill, the wheat is put into the hopper and passes through the entire grinding and bolting process at one operation, the flour coming out already prepared for packing in barrels. The entire machinery, burrs, bolt, conveyers and elevators, being driven by a single belt. The burrs are three feet diameter, and the bolt twenty feet long. The entire space occupied by the mill, smut ma- chine, flour packer, wheat bin-holding eight hundred bushels of wheat-is twenty-seven feet by twelve, on one floor, the story being twelve feet high. It is claimed that, under this process, the yield is greater, and the flour superior to that made in merchant mills. There can be no question that the reduction in the breadth of burr millstones, renders the grinding more uniform, by its pre- venting any portion from being so far ground over and over, as to destroy the liveliness of the flour; on which account this mill com-
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MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.
bines the advantages of the ordinary portable, and the merchant mill. They have, also, upon the premises, two corn mills, running with thirty inch burrs, which turn out fifty to sixty bushels per hour. Another great advantage in these mills, is the small amount of power necessary to run them, compared with the ordinary mills. To meet the views of all customers, they build both upper and under runners.
W. W. Hamer & Co. also get up portable engines and boilers, smut machines, corn shellers, bran dusters, flour packers, and mill gearing of all kinds, and furnish genuine Dutch ankerbrand bolt- ing-cloths, leather belting, etc. They employ forty-five hands, and manufacture, annually, to the value of one hundred and twenty thousand dollars ; raw material, 65 per cent.
Elmers & Forkner, Nos. 600 and 602, west Fifth street, manu- facture Young America corn and cob mills, Darling's endless chain friction roller horse powers, Hamilton's wheat drills, iron threshers and cleaners, cross-cut saw tables, for wood-cutting, and agricultural steam boilers; also, stoves and castings of various kinds. They employ fifty hands ; value of products one hundred and twenty thousand dollars ; raw material, 40 per cent.
James Bradford & Co., northwest corner Elm and Second streets, office 65 Walnut street, manufacture French burr millstones, port- able mills, corn and cob crushers, smut machines, hoisting screws, tempering screws, mill spindles, screen wire, mill castings, and damsel irons. Plaster paris, land plaster, hydraulic cement con- stantly on hand.
Their portable mills are in successful operation in this city, com- peting with merchant mill-work, making as good flour, and as great yield, as can possibly be done upon any four, or four-and-a-half feet, that are running and capable of making fifty to sixty barrels superfine flour in twenty-four hours ._ Bradford & Co. warrant their portable mill to be equal, in quality and performance, to any portable mill in use. They have averaged three hundred and sixty pairs large millstones per year, beside one hundred portable mills. Sales, fifty thousand dollars annually; employ thirty hands; raw material, burr millstones, 45 per cent ; portable mills, 25 pct cent. An improvement has been made in the construction of mill- stones, by substituting for the four bands, formerly used, one broad one, covering the entire edge, excepting the wearing surface.
James Todd, corner Seventh and Smith streets, whose main 21
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MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.
business is foundery work, makes annually, one hundred and twenty portable corn and flour mills; value twenty-two thousand dollars.
Isaac Straub, warehouse No. 19 west Front street, works twenty- five hands ; builds annually three hundred and fifty portable mills, running with French burr millstones; also portable saw-mills and steam engines ; value of products, seventy-five thousand dollars ;. raw material, 35 per cent.
Wilder, Robinson & Co., No. 23 Walnut street, manufacture corn shellers and straw cutters to the value of ten thousand dollars; raw material, 50 per cent.
J. H. Burrows & Co., at their foundery, Second street, west of Elm street, build steam engines for driving saw, and grist mills, and manufacture mill machinery of all descriptions. But their princi- pal business is inaking portable grist mills, of which three hundred are made there yearly, worth one hundred and eighty dollars each, on an average. They employ one hundred hands, and turn out a product of one hundred thousand dollars ; raw material, 60 per ct.
These mills are designed for the west and southwest especially, or sections of country where water-power is scarce.
Large quantities of the extra flour made in the West, are ground upon portable mills, made here and at other factories in Cincinnati, and premiums at State fairs have been repeatedly obtained for flour . made under this process over competitors whose flour was made at merchant mills.
W. R. Dunlap & Co., corner Front and Lawrence streets, manu- facture all kinds of mill machinery, portable flouring mills, with bolts, elevators, and all the machinery complete; burrs, bolting- cloths, smut mills, bran dusters, Kinman's flour packer and Par- ker's water-wheels. Employ, when in full operation, one hundred hands, and manufacture, of agricultural machinery and implements, a value of forty-five thousand dollars; raw material, 50 per cent.
J. & E. Greenwald, No. 190 East Pearl street, near the Miami canal, manufacture flour and smut mills, cast iron overshot water- wheels, Rich, Crew, Smith & Wurtz's patent water-wheels, flour packers, screen wire, mill screws, burr millstones, leather and gum elastic belting; also, machinery for driving portable flour mills ; also, supply bolting cloths. They employ eighty-five hands upon agricultural machinery, with a product of ninety thousand dollars.
Garrett & Cottman, Seventh, west of Main street, manufacture by machinery steel mold boards, and make annually four thousand
245
MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.
plows, of light draught, which scour themselves in all sorts of soils. They employ thirty-five hands; value of product, fifty thousand · dollars ; raw material, 40 per cent.
J. F. Dair & Co., seed store and agricultural warehouse, adjoin- ing corner Lower Market and Sycamore streets, manufacture and keep for sale a variety of implements and machinery for farmers' purposes, such as mowers and reapers, cultivators, cider mills, harrows, straw cutters, fanning mills, hay presses, horse rakes, and churns, to the annual value of thirteen thousand dollars. This in- cludes only such articles as are made in this vicinity.
J. Coleman & Co., Eighth street, east of Broadway, plow handle manufacturers; steam power; ten hands. They turn out one hun- dred and fifty thousand pairs plow handles annually; also, make washboard frames; value of product, twenty-four thousand dollars ; raw material, 30 per ct .; nine-tenths of these are sold outside the city.
Alcohol and Spirits of Wine .- These are articles which, although usually considered the same, are materially different. Alcohol is whisky, distilled to its highest grade of proof, and is employed in the mechanic arts, as the basis of essences and medical tinctures, and as a solvent in various manufacturing operations.
Neutral Spirit, is the same article in point of strength, but di- vested, in its manufacture, of all empyreumatic odor and taste. It forms the basis of domestic brandies, gins, etc. When abundant harvests in the west are likely to depress the price of corn, the same motive which prompts the farmer to put his crop into pork, by the feeding of it to hogs, suggests, also, its manufacture into , whisky; in both cases, a bulky and heavy product, being converted into an article of greater value and profit, because more convenient for transportation to market. The same principle, carried out, induces the conversion of whisky into alcohol, which, condensing nearly two barrels into one, saves one-half the expense of trans- portation, to various distant markets.
There are nine manufactories here, of these articles, one of which is the largest establishment of the kind in the United States; and there are two others, each of whose product is but little less. Their aggregate capacity of run, day and night, which they do only part of the year, is six hundred and sixty-four barrels per day, or over two hundred thousand barrels per annum. The actual pro- duct, annually, reaches only to one hundred and ten thousand bar- rels, which, at twenty dollars per barrel, is worth two millions two
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MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.
hundred thousand dollars. The alcohol manufacture uses up almost half the whisky made or brought to the place. Employ one hundred and forty hands ; value of raw material, 85 per cent.
There are stills running here, of fourteen hundred, twenty-four hundred, and twenty-eight hundred gallons capacity. The largest operators in this line, are Boyle & Co., Second, between Sycamore and Broadway; Lowell Fletcher, corner of Vine and Front, and D. W. Oliver, Water, near Vine street.
Ale and Beer. -- Malt liquors are made in Cincinnati, to a greater extent than in any other city in the United States, There are thirty-six breweries here, in three only of which the principal article brewed is ale ; lager beer being mainly, or entirely, the product in all the others. This last is manufactured here to an extent of not less than eight million gallons annually, two-thirds of which is consumed in Cincinnati. There is no German who does not use this beverage, and it forms refreshment to one-half of our native population, adults of both classes being referred to. In the winter, the Irish and low Germans generally drink common beer; the high Germans, and Americans who use beer, drink lager exclu- sively, at all seasons. Lager beer is driving out the consumption of whisky, and the miserable imitations of foreign liquors, so ex- tensively drank for years past.
It is a debatable point whether lager beer will intoxicate, and the question came up regularly before the Kings county circuit court, at Brooklyn, New York, on a trial there of a charge for sell- ing intoxicating liquors, in which defendant made the plea, in de- fense, that lager did not intoxicate. A synopsis of the testimony on this point, follows:
" Valentine Eckfeldt swore that he had, on one occasion, drank fifteen glasses before breakfast, to give him an appetite.
" Bernhardt Miller had seen a man drink forty glasses in a short time, without being intoxicated. He himself had drunk that num- ber of glasses in the space of about one hour.
"Joseph Siser-who weighs two hundred and twenty-five pounds -drank an average of about forty glasses a day. It never hurt him any. He had drunk lager since he was six or seven years of age, and he was now over fifty."
Some lager beer glasses were sent for, and exhibited to the jury. They held a pint apiece.
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MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.
"James White testified to drinking fifty-two glasses of lager in two hours, and a companion drank double the quantity in the same time. It had no intoxicating effect upon either of them.
" Philip Koch testified to drinking a keg of lager on a bet, within the space of two hours. The keg contained seven and a half gallons, or thirty quarts. He felt comfortable afterward, and was not intoxicated. He would frequently drink from sixty to to ninety glasses in a day.
" Nicholas Hahnery testified to seeing a man in Bavaria, drink seventy-two glasses between nine and ten o'clock in the morning and not get drunk.
" Dr. Arming testified to the effect that he saw a man in Ger- many, drink one hundred and sixty pint glasses in a sitting of three or four hours, and yet not show any appearance of intoxi- cation."
At St. Louis, Mo., on the 2d March last, Frank Lauman, keeper of a lager beer saloon in that city, on a wager of twenty-five dol- lars, drank one hundred and fifty glasses of lager. By the terms of the bet he was allowed from eight A. M. to twelve p. M. of the same day, to perform this feat. He swallowed fifty glasses before ten o'clock, and by four p. M. he had finished seventy more, being eight hours of the alotted time, and leaving him eight more in which he might dispatch the remaining thirty at his leisure.
It is hardly necessary to add any testimony of my own to this, but I can say freely, that I am knowing to the fact that Dr. Walcker, formerly of the Volksbuhne, drank every day, for a series of years, five gallons of lager, which, with a few pretzels, constituted his entire sustenance. I learn also, on respectable authority, that Professor Kern, of College Hall, drank at that place, six gallons at a sitting, which, it is true, lasted several hours. Some of these, doubtless, are extreme cases, but a gallon to an individual, at con- vivial parties, is a common allowance.
Dr. James R. Chilton, the celebrated chemical analyst of New York city, ascertained by the usual tests, that lager contained three and three-fourths to four per cent. of alcohol, while in cider he had found nine per cent .; claret, thirteen per cent .; sherry wine, eighteen per cent .; madeira, twenty per cent., and brandy fifty per cent. Hle says that lager beer will not intoxicate unless drank in extraordinary quantities.
Lager beer can only be made to advantage in the winter season,
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MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.
not only because when the weather is warm there is danger of the wort, before cooling thoroughly, going into the acetous fermenta- tion, but because it is indispensable that the beer should have ample time to ripen in the cellar, before use. It is made, to a limited extent, however, in summer, by the aid of ice, which being dis- solved in copper tubes that are passed through the cooler, serves to check extreme fermentation. But the lager consumed in summer, is generally a winter product, which can be made to last as late as through the ensuing November.
Lager beer is made by what is termed the under fermentation, the slow process of which contributes its peculiar flavor, and the first quality of lager is made in establishments which do their own malting. The best lager has a vinous flavor also, in the early stages of fermentation, by which judges readily discover its purity and ex- cellence.
The product of the different breweries is, in half barrels :
2,000
6,000
10,000
12,000
14.000
20,000
24,000
2,000
6,000
10,000
12,000
16,000
20,000
26.000
5,000
6,000
10,000
12,000
16,000
24,000
32,000
6,000
7,000
10,000
12,000
20,000
24,000
34,000
6,000
8,000
12,000
14,000
20,000
24,000
42,000
five hundred and twenty-four thousand I alf barrels, one-tenth of which is ale ; one-fiftieth common beer, and the residue lager- value of product, November to May, $2} per barrel; May to No- vember, $3; ale, $3; aggregate of value, one million five hundred thousand dollars; number of hands, three hundred and fifteen; raw material, 75 per cent.
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