USA > Ohio > Sketches and statistics of Cincinnati in 1859 > Part 23
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Schaller & Schiff, southeast corner Canal and Plum streets. This is one of the latest, as well as most extensive and complete in construction, of these establishments. It is built on the European plan, being a quadrangle of 127 by 126 feet, with a court in the centre, communicating with the street by a spacious gangway. The building has a space, on every side, averaging more than forty feet in breadth, and is three stories high above the ground; double arched cellars all through the building, and under the adjacent sidewalk.
These cellars hold 400 casks, ranging in capacity from 600 to 1,250 gallons-the larger share, those of the greater capacity-in which the lager is stowed away to ripen for use.
Almost all the operations, in this brewery, are carried on by
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steam, even to the hoisting of materials to the second and third stories ; the machinery is so arranged and constructed as to transfer, at pleasure, the raw material from any one side of the building to any other; even the coolers are moved about and emptied by ma- chinery. This concern consumes, annually, 50,000 lbs. hops, and 50,000 bushels barley, which is malted entirely by themselves. Schaller & Schiff make lager beer in summer, and for that purpose use as much as 200,000 lbs. of ice per month. They export a larger proportion of their lager beer than any other establishment here ; which is the best testimony of its quality, none but the best admitting transportation to advantage.
It may serve to give some idea of the amount of capital required to carry on a first class brewery, to state, that they have never on hand less than a value, of iron bound casks, of all kinds, of thirty-two thousand dollars, which, as they last not more than eight years, on an average, presents an annual expense, in this item alone, of four thousand dollars, required to carry on these breweries. Schaller & Schiff make forty-two thousand half barrels lager annu- ally, in value, one hundred and ten thousand dollars.
Animal Charcoal. - One factory; employs fifteen hands, and produces to the value of thirty thousand dollars; value of raw ma- terial, 10 per cent.
Artificial Flowers .- Three factories, forty hands, principally fe- males ; value of product, twenty-four thousand dollars; of raw material, 40 per cent.
Awnings, Tents, etc .- Eight shops, which employ sixty-six hands. and manufacture a product, in value, of fifty-two thousand dollars ; raw material, 50 per cent.
Bakers .- There are two hundred and twenty bakeries, which employ six hundred and fifty-six hands, and manufacture to the value of nine hundred and sixty thousand two hundred and eighty dollars, in bread, biscuit, etc .; raw material, 60 per cent.
Philip B. Cloon & Co., corner Sycamore and Front. This is an old establishment, which, for many years, has supplied steamboats and the trade with pilot and loaf bread, soda, Boston, sugar, pic-nic, water, and butter crackers, brown bread, milk and yeast, on the shortest notice and best terms. They employ twenty-one hands, and make to the value of fifty thousand dollars.
John Bailie, Front, above Ludlow street, has nineteen hands, and turns out, annually, forty-eight thousand dollars in value, prin-
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cipally biscuit and pilot bread. His water crackers, especially, are known and appreciated at home and abroad. He works up, weekly, one hundred and ten barrels of extra superfine flour.
Baking Powders .- This is a branch of business introduced here within the last eight or ten years, which proposes to furnish a con- venient, because portable article, as a substitute for yeast. The principal ingredients are carbonate of soda, and cream of tartar. The advantages over yeast are various:
1. As a dry powder, it can be kept in the original paper or cover, any required length of time, and in any climate, without loss of strength or change of character.
2. With its aid, bread, biscuit, etc., can be made of better flavor, and in less time than with any other materials of the sort, four minutes or less being the entire time necessary for preparation for baking.
3. The use of these powders affords a saving of one-third, in butter and eggs, while there is an excess in weight of bread, when they are used as an ingredient, of 123 per cent. over what bread raised by yeast affords.
4. It can be used and kept in climates where yeast corrupts in a few hours.
H. Bishoprick & Co., No. 111 west Fift i street, manufacture this article largely-never less than one thousand pounds weekly-and sometimes as high as five hundred pounds daily being made at their factory. The article is put up in papers and cases of various sizes. Five hands now make as much as twelve did a few years ago.
These powders are shipped off to every business point south and west and east -- to Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore; value of product, twenty-two thousand dollars. There are three minor establishments, which increase the amount 100 per cent.
Band and Hat Boxes and Cases for Ladies' Shoes, etc .- Six factories ; one, working by steam. Employ thirty six hands; value of product, forty-two thousand dollars; raw material 50 per cent.
Bec-Hives .- Edward Townley, Mount Auburn, has been for years a successful raiser of bees and producer of honey. He is the patentee of a bee-hive, which, after all the various attempts to introduce others into this vicinity, appears to be the best adapted to bees, and their honey product. Ten hives, last spring, have this year increased to thirty, in his hands. Has sold six hundred dollars worth of honey, of this year's product. Ilives with bees,
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are sold by him at from ten to thirty dollars per hive, according to quality and condition of the bees. He has repeatedly made two hundred dollars from four hives, in a season.
Bell and Brass Founders and Finishers .- There are ten brass founderies and finishers, who do not make bells, and two in which bell founding forms the principal business. One of the ten makes steam and water gauges, in addition to the brass founding and finishing, and two others connect the plating business with their other operations. The entire value of product, in all these is --- bells, one hundred thousand dollars; raw material, 70 per cent. Brass castings, finished, two hundred and twenty-five thousand dol- lars ; raw material, 35 per cent; total product, three hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars, at an average of 45 per cent. cost of materials.
G. W. Coffin & Co., of the Buckeye Foundery, Second street near Broadway, have made during the past season, four hundred and forty-seven bells of all sizes, from a dinner alarm to the largest class of church bells, which have weighed four thousand and ninety- five pounds. The aggregate weight of these bells was forty thou- sand and seventy-six pounds. This is the only bell foundery in the United States, in which bells are constructed upon purely sci- entific principles, and made to conform rigidly to the laws of acoustics. .
George L. Hanks, 120 and 122 east Second street, has cast, re- cently, for the most part, the chime of bells in St. Peter's Cathe- dral, weighing 12,000 lbs .; the city alarm bell, made to replace the bell from Troy, N. Y., condemned as unfit for use ; three bells for St. Mary's Church, aggregate wt., 6,500 lbs .; three bells for Trin- ity Church, wt., 7,000 ibs ; three bells for St. Augustine's Church, wt., 3,000 lbs; three bells for St. John's Church, wt., 4,300 lbs .; and one bell for St. Joseph's Church, wt., 2,000 lbs. These are some of the largest bells cast for city use. He has sent off to the south nearly five hundred bells per annum, of various sizes and for various cities, and is now manufacturing a bell of 2,800 lbs. for city, and another of 3,000 lbs. for Dayton, Ohio. Mr. Hanks manufactures, also, brass and composition castings extensively.
Win. Kirkup & Son, No. 250 east Front street, opposite Little Miand Railroad depot, make steam and water ganges, locomotive spring balances, and signal bells, manufacture all kinds of copper,
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brass, zinc, and composition castings. Finished brass work of all kinds constantly on hand.
They work twelve hands, and turn out a product of twenty thou- sand dollars. They supply steam and water gauges to steamboats and railroad engines throughout the west.
John Ruthven, No. 216 west Second street, between Plum and Western Row, manufactures all kinds of brass work in general use --- for steam or gas purposes-keeps a large stock of gas cocks, of all sizes, on hand, with which he supplies the principal cities of the south and west. . Brass castings made to order. Employs six hands, with a product of twelve thousand dollars; raw material, 50 per cent. Supplies service and metre cocks to the whole south and west.
Wm. Powell & Co., Union Brass Works, make every variety of brass and silver plated cocks, for plumbers' use; also, brass work for engine builders, distilleries, and breweries, such as stop cocks, still cocks, oil globes, gauge and cylinder cocks, etc.
Particular attention is paid to the manufacture of all such goods as are used by plumbers; and in this branch of manufacture the Union Brass Works of Cincinnati, is among the most extensive in the United States.
Powell & Co. are patentees and manufacturers of the elastic plug faucet, adapted to either cold or hot water, and which frost will not injure. They have been patented within six months past, are rapidly superseding all others, and will be put up throughout the new Masonic temple, and other public and private buildings now in process of erection, or to be built. One great feature of this article is its facility of being taken to pieces at once and put together again, without cutting it off the pipe, in case of any ac- cidental injury occurring to the faucet.
James Hume, Lodge, between Sixth and Seventh streets, works twelve hands, and manufactures to the value of twenty-five thou- sand dollars, annually, of every variety of articles used by plumb- ers, gas fitters, coppersmiths, and machinists ; raw material, 50 per cent. Old metal bought.
Clinton Robson & Co., brass founders, No. 154 Front, between Pike and Butler streets, manufacture stop cocks, bibb cocks, flange cocks, valve cocks. gauge cocks, cylinder cocks, oil cups, oil cocks, oil globes, couplings, poppet valves, hinge valves, slide valves, vacuum valves, steam shifter, steam whistles, spelter solder, bab-
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bitt metal, brass pumps. Particular attention paid to distillery work, steamboat jobbing, etc. Brass and composition castings. Cash paid for old copper and brass. Work ten hands ; value of product, twenty thousand dollars ; raw material, 75 per cent.
Firth & McLean, brass founders and finishing shop, No. 29 Con- gress street, between Broadway and Ludlow, manufacture T. Firth's patent journal box metal, for railroad and rolling mill journals, and for bearings of all descriptions. Also, finished brass work of all kinds always on hand ; such as stop, bibb, and valve cocks, coup- lings, etc .; also, all kinds of distillery work and composition cast- ings made to order.
Smith, Fuller & Co., at the Niles' Works, east Front street, are engaged extensively in the manufacture of the patent elastic plug faucet, an invention of Mr. Fuller, a member of the firm, and a re- markable article, which, as it becomes generally known, must supersede all others now in use.
Its advantages are :
1. The simplicity of its principle and construction, which pro- tects it from getting out of repair by use, and renders it easily re- paired, when injured by accident.
2. Its durability, secured by the action of an elastic valve, which obviates all friction.
3. The impossibility, owing to its construction, of its ever leak- ing; and, €
4. Its price, which, being as low as the best of the old-fash- ioned faucets, renders it much cheaper, taking into account the advantages just referred to.
Those who have experienced great disadvantage or loss in the stoppage of their business by leakage or filling up of sand or mud in faucets heretofore, can appreciate the superiority of this article. These elastic plug faucets have been thoroughly tested in both hot and cold water, by the fourteen months they have been in use.
They are made for a variety of purposes, and of every pattern -- some of them quite ornamental, both brass and plated. This firm have received silver medals at the late exhibition of the Maryland Institute, Baltimore, and Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, and at the sixteenth exhibition of the Ohio Mechanics' Institute, Cincin- nati.
Bellows .- Three small factories, which supply this market for home and foreign demand, with blacksmiths' bellows. They em-
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ploy nine hands ; value of product, twenty thousand dollars ; raw material, 75 per cent.
Belting .- Two establishments ; eighteen hands ; yearly product, ninety-six thousand dollars.
James Thompson, No. 181 east Front street, manufactures, an- nually, seventy-five thousand dollars worth of belting; employs twelve hands ; raw material, 75 per cent. Thompson uses the best of oak-tanned leather, from the tannery of A. M. Taylor & Co., of this city, which, for adaptedness to belis, by reason of its pliability and evenness, he considers superior to any he can get in other markets. His belting is thoroughly stretched, and well cemented and riveted.
Jeffery Seymour, No. 108 Main street, for many years a manu- facturer here of belting and hose, keeps for sale belting and hy- drant, engine and steam engine hose, made of vulcanized gutta percha, in every variety, of the best quality. These articles are made by the United States Vulcanized Gutta Percha Belting and Packing Company, of New York, for which Mr. S. is agent for the West.
In its crude state, gutta percha has no resemblance whatever to india rubber, nor are its chemical or mechanical properties the same, nor does the tree from which it is taken belong to the same family of trees, or grow in the same soil ; yet, from the fact that it can be dissolved and wrought into water-proof wares, many, not informed on the subject, have inclined to the belief that the two materials are identical, or very nearly the same. But nothing could be more erroneous, as may be seen by the following comparisons:
India rubber, or caoutchouc, is produced from a milk-white sap, taken chiefly from the Siphonia Cahuchu tree, afterward coagulated, and the whey pressed out or dried off by heat; the residue is the india rubber of commerce.
Gutta percha is produced from the Isonandra or Gutta tree ; is of a brownish color, and when exposed to air soon solidifies, and forms the gutta percha of commerce.
India rubber of commerce is of a soft, gummy nature, not very tenacious and astonishingly elastic.
Gutta percha of commerce is a fibrous material, much resembling the inner coating of white-oak bark, is extremely tenacious, and without elasticity or much flexibility.
India rubber, when once reduced to a liquid state by heat, ap-
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pears like tar, and is unfit for further manufacture until subjected to artificial changes.
Gutta percha may be melted and cooled any number of times without injury, for future manufacture.
India rubber, by coming in contact with oil, or other fatty sub- stances, is soon decomposed and ruined for future use.
Gutta percha is not injured by coming in contact with oil or other fatty substances-in fact, one good use of it is for oil cans.
India rubber is soon ruined for future use, if brought in contact with sulphuric, muriatic, and other acids.
Gutta percha resists the action of sulphuric, muriatic, and nearly all other acids-in fact, one great use of it is for acid vats, etc., and other vessels for holding acids.
India rubber is a conductor of heat, cold, and electricity.
Gutta percha is a non-conductor of electricity, as well as of heat and cold.
India rubber, in its crude state, when exposed to the action of boiling water, increases in bulk, does not lose its elastic properties, and cannot be molded.
Gutta percha, in its crude state, when exposed to the action of boiling water, contracts and becomes soft like dough or paste, and may then be molded to any shape, which shape it will retain when cool.
India rubber is not a perfect repellant of water, but is more or less absorbent, according to quality.
Gutta percha has an exceedingly fine grain, and its oily property makes it a perfect repellant of liquids.
The foregoing comparative properties show conclusively, that india rubber and gutta percha are chemically and mechanically, as well as commercially, very different.
Billiard Tables .- There are two of these, both, comparatively, recent establishments ; value of manufacture, three hundred and forty-two thousand dollars ; employ one hundred and twenty-five hands ; value of raw material, 80 per cent.
Holzhalb & Balke, northeast corner Main and Eighth streets, manufacture annually, six hundred of these tables. The frame- work is mahogany and rosewood, and the tops wood, slab, or mar- ble. Price, from two hundred and twenty, to four hundred and twenty-five dollars. Employ fifty hands. They are agents, for the Western States, for M.M. Phelan's patent combination cushions.
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J. M. Brunswick & Brothers, salesrooms and warehouse, No. 8 west Sixth street, manufacture annually, to the value of two hun- dred thousand dollars, of these tables. They work seventy-five hands, and furnish equipments of every article in this line. Their tables are of the first quality and finish.
Blacking Paste .-- Three factories; one on a large scale. Value of product thirty-six thousand dollars; twenty-four hands ; raw material, 50 per cent.
Blacksmithing .- One hundred and twenty-five shops ; three hun- dred and forty-five hands ; value of product, three hundred ninety- seven thousand two hundred dollars ; raw material, 50 per cent.
Blinds, Venetian .-- Seven shops, mostly on a small scale. They employ forty-five hands ; product, sixty thousand dollars ; raw ma- terial, 70 per cent.
S. B. Coombs, successor to J. McCord, No. 236 Vine street, makes venetian blinds of every variety of size and pattern. Also, window shades, buff-lines, and cambric curtain goods, wholesale and retail ; works six hands, and makes blinds to the value of six thousand dollars, annually.
W. H. Hesseler, successor to Henry Read, No. 147 Sycamore, between Fourth and Fifth streets, west side, makes to order, as well as keeps for sale, venetian blinds of every description. Old blinds re-painted and re-trimmed, as may be required. Works ten hands; product, ten thousand dollars per annum.
W. W. Carpenter & Co., Phoenix Blind and Window Shade Fac- tory, No. 82 Sixth, near Vine street, manufacture venetian blinds, of walnut, cedar, oak, and curled maple, with carved and gilded cornices, of various patterns and colors. Old blinds repaired and re-trimmed. Window shades of velvet, gold, and plain borders, landscapes, flowers, bouquets, etc. Church, store, and office shades; lettering, and designs for societies, emblematic and appro- priate. Employ nine hands, and manufacture a value of ten thou- sand dollars.
Blocks, Spars, and Pumps .- Five shops, twenty hands; manu- facture a value of twenty-five thousand dollars; raw material, 60 per cent.
Boilers, Steam-engine .- There are ten boiler yards, employing eighty hands; value of product, three hundred and sixty-three thousand dollars, inclusive of repairing operations; raw material, 70 per cent.
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1
Washington McLean & Co., on Congress, east of Ludlow street, employ twenty hands, and manufacture and repair to the value of fifty-two thousand dollars.
Bolts. -- For fastening and securing carriage, coach, pump, bridge, plow, water tank, joint, and machine work. 'Two work- shops; employ sixty hands, and manufacture a value of sixty-five thousand dollars in this line ; raw material, 40 per cent.
Bookbinding .- Thirty establishments, with three hundred and eighty hands. Of these binderies, a portion is connected with booksellers and stationers, in the blank book and pamphlet and job line-otbers again execute merely job work. Of these binderies several are branches of publishing houses and printing offices, of whose general business operations they form part, which makes it difficult properly to classify products in bookbinding establishments. The value of publishers' bindery work is, therefore, not included in this article, but will enter into the department of publications. The value of work strictly in this line, is three hundred and twenty-six thousand dollars ; raw material, 50 per cent.
The paper used in bookbinding here, is made extensively in this vicinity .. This applies as well to the blank book, as to its covers. And here it may be in place to correct a mistaken opinion, exten- sively prevalent, as to the superiority of lin en as a basis of paper manufacture. As cotton itself is a modern product, comparatively, so the introduction of cotton rags, into the manufacture of paper, has been mainly of recent date. Linen rags alone, make a harsh, rough surface. Cotton rags, by themselves, do not possess the degree of firmness and tenacity desirable. A combination of the two, retaining the softness of cotton and the durability of the linen, has been ascertained to be best adapted to the purpose. All that is necessary beside, is seasoning, which is not more important for lumber than for paper, in the production of a first-rate article.
Another prejudice, on the subject of bookbinding, is the popular notion that sheep leather, as a material for covers, is inferior to calf.
Calf leather is almost always split, which impairs alike its natu- ral strength and its beauty, while the tanning of sheep-skins has been brought to such perfection, as to render it the best material in the world for book covers.
Moore, Wilstach, Keys & Co., No. 25 west Fourth street, bind extensively for their own printing and publishing departments,
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executing in the best manner, all varieties of work, from the plain- est styles to the finest, in antique or Turkey morocco. They are, also, probably the heaviest manufacturers of blank books, having more extended facilities in single and double ruling and paging machines.
Their binding department occupies three large rooms, thirty-four by one hundred fect, heated by steam: much of the machinery is driven by the same power. Sixty to seventy-five hands are em- ployed, and the product amounts, in value, to about seventy-five thousand dollars. A large stock of blank work, for the supply of dealers, county officers, etc., is kept constantly on hand.
The rapid development of our inland commerce by railway and river, as well as the accelerated growth of mercantile and manu- facturing establishments, must necessarily create a demand for more intricate forms, and much larger quantities of account and record books than heretofore.
E. Morgan & Co., No. 111 Main street, employ eighty hands, men, girls, and boys. Yearly product, forty-five thousand dollars ; raw material, 50 per cent.
The present volume, which has been bound at their bindery, is a fair proof that they can execute binding as well as their profes- sional brethren in New York and Philadelphia.
W. B. Smith & Co., No. 137 Walnut street, keep fifteen hands on blank book work, of which they turn out a value of fifty thou- sand dollars. Their most important binding operations are school books, which they issue to a greater extent than any other book establishment in the United States.
Anderson, Gates & Wright, No. 11º Main street, bind blank books principally, and supply county records extensively ; employ fifteen hands ; value of product, twenty-five thousand dollars.
J. C. & W. L. Tumy, No. 43 Main street, employ forty-five hands, men and boys. Bind for Applegate & Co., principally blank books, etc., to the value of thirty-five thousand dollars ; raw material, 75 per cent. on blank books; in other binding, 35 per cent.
The general stationery and printing and binding house of C. F. Bradley & Co., on Main street, just below Fourth, has been estab- lished now for some six or eight years, and is well known to the public. In the printing department, which gives constant employ- ment to six job presses and fifteen hands, is carried on every va- riety of miscellaneous job printing; and as fine work, of this
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character, has been executed at this establishment, as at any other place in the city. The binding and ruling department, which adjoins the printing rooms, is under the superintendence of Mr. WV. P. Smith, and employs steadily about twenty-five hands ; among whom are to be found some of the most experienced and capable workmen connected with this branch of trade. The business of this extensive and well-provided house, in these mechanical de- partments, is confined chiefly to job work, especially of the kinds required by railroad and insurance companies, manufacturing, and other business corporations, and the general mercantile transactions of the city; including the manufacturing of blank books, to which branch of the business particular attention is paid. In these three departments, the product reaches a value of sixty thousand dollars.
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