USA > Ohio > Sketches and statistics of Cincinnati in 1859 > Part 31
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Tailoring .- Of those who make to measurement, we have one hundred and sixty merchant tailors, who employ one thousand three hundred and forty hands, exclusive of women who sew at their own dwellings. These produce to the value of two millions and thirty-five thousand dollars.
Tanners and Curricrs .- This department embraces thirty estab- lishments, which employ three hundred and eighty hands, and
333
MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.
manufacture a value of one million five hundred and twenty thou- sand dollars.
Tapers .- The American Taper Company, factory 50 east eighth street, west of Broadway ; office, northwest corner Race and Sec- ond streets; has introduced a new and very superior light-producing . article, which for efficiency and convenience excels all others, and is free from objections that exist against most kinds of matches now or lately in use. The first apparatus for striking a light was a flint and steel. Upon this it was thought a great improvement was made by the invention of the brimstone match, dipped in sulphur at both ends. Next followed the phosphorus bottle, into which matches tipped with chlorate of potash were inserted. Lastly came the article of. matches dipped in sulphur and coated with phosphorus in combination with nitrates and chlorates. To all these existed various objections. Some lost their strength by ex- posure, others required the aid of fire to produce light, and while none of them were perfectly reliable, all had an odor extremely offensive, if not prejudicial to health, affecting the atmosphere in which they were used or even kept.
The tapers now offered for sale by this company are as cheap as the cheapest of other kinds, produce an instantaneous and reliable igniting light, and are safe, convenient, odorless and unaffected by dampness or age.
For the use of persons called up at night to get or find medicine or other necessary article on the spur of the moment, these tapers form a special convenience. They can be carried in the hand for one minute at least, a space of time usually long enough to perform these purposes. This company manufacture five millions of tapers daily, and have a capacity of making four times that quantity. They work thirty hands, with a product of ninety-three thousand six hundred dollars.
Terra Cotta Work .- One factory, eighteen hands; value of pro- duct, twenty-five thousand dollars.
Tobacco, Cigars, etc .-- This business comprehends, first, those who in this city and in Covington manufacture tobacco in the whole- sale line exclusively .. Second, of those who make fine tobacco for' regular customers ; and third, of various factories, principally on a small scale, in which cigars and snuff are the main articles.
There are ninety-three tobacco manufacturers here. Of these, forty factories in the wholesale line, employ one thousand five hun-
334
MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.
dred and fifty hands, principally boys ; value of product, ten hun- dred and sixty-five thousand dollars. The residue work four hun- dred and sixty hands, not including boys, and manufacture to the value of six hundred and two thousand dollars ; raw material, 55 per cent.
Trunks, Valises, Carpet Bags .- Of these there are twelve fac- tories, employing two hundred and seventy-five hands, with a pro- duct value of six hundred and fifty thousand dollars.
Trusses, Braces, Belts .- Eight factories, employ sixty hands, and manufacture every species of supports and mechanical reme- dies for natural deformities, and discases affecting the spine or lower limbs. Value of product, fifty-six thousand dollars.
Turners .- Eighteen shops, fifty hands ; value of product, ninety- five thousand dollars.
Type, Stereotype, Electrotype and Printing Materials .- There are five establishments here, some of which cast type and stereo- type plates, without furnishing general printing materials, but most of them supply every article in this line. Two hundred and twen- ty hands employed, with a labor product of three hundred and ten thousand dollars.
Undertakers .- Twenty-four establishments, of which several are small. Most of these furnish coffins for funerals, in addition to carriages. Fifty hands ; value of product, one hundred and forty thousand dollars.
Upholstery and Window Shades .- Eighteen factories, which employ two hundred and ten hands, with a product of one hundred and sixty thousand dollars in value ; raw material, 50 per cent.
Varnish, Copal .- Three varnish factories. These employ six- teen hands. Value of product, two hundred thousand dollars.
Veneers .- H. Albro & Co., 196 west Pearl street, between Elm and Plum. Here the spectator will behold saws of such tremen- dous power as to cut the hardest woods with great celerity and per- fect ease, and others operating with such mechanical exactness as to cut fifteen veneers to the inch-cut so thin as to fold to any de- sired shape, and so exact as to bear the plane over their entire surface.
Heretofore, the great bulk of the veneers used or sold in this place has been brought from the east. In making them here, two important advantages result -- they are bought cheaper, and the cabinet makers can get them of the first quality, as cut up from the
335
MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.
log, whereas at the east the best selections are made by the piano makers working on the spot.
in former years, foreign woods were principally in demand for furniture-as rosewood, zebra and mahogany. But the beauty of our American woods -- the black walnut, cherry and curled maple . -has of late brought them extensively into use, and so generally are they becoming preferred for furniture, that veneers of these kinds are as valuable now as are those of mahogany, except of the very finest crotch pieces.
This firm works twenty hands, with a product of one hundred thousand dollars in value.
Vermicelli, Maccaroni, etc .- Four factories, ten hands. Product value, twenty-four thousand dollars.
Vinegar .- Twenty factories. The entire vinegar manufacture employs eighty hands, and reaches the value of two hundred thou- sand dollars ; raw material, 40 per cent.
Wagons, Carts, etc .- Fifty-two shops, one hundred and seventy hands. Value of product, two hundred and ten thousand dollars; raw material, 40 per cent.
Wall Paper Stainers and Hangers .- Two factories, employ thirty hands ; value of product, eighteen thousand dollars.
Ware, Earthen and Potter .- M. & N. Tempest, Hamilton Road, head of Elm street. This firm does by far the largest business of any pottery in the city; employs thirty to forty hands, and carry on their business with a great deal of that spirit of enterprise which, when coupled with judgment, almost invariably insures eminent success. Here a great variety of yellow and Rockingham ware is manufactured, consisting, among many other articles, of bowls, pitchers, jars of all kinds, milk dishes, baking dishes, spittoons, teapots, ewers and basins, many of which are chaste and elegant in design, and all of excellent quality.
Messrs. Tempest have recently purchased the exclusive right for this market, as also for about seven eighths of all the counties of Ohio and Indiana, to " Dayton's Patent Air Exhauster," a very valuable invention for putting up fresh fruits and vegetables, by means of consuming the air by combustion.
The process is simple, ingenious, and effective, insuring the safety of every can-a thing hitherto found impracticable-and can boast of producing fruit fresh, firm and delicate, owing to the fact
336
MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.
that instead of being partially cooked by boiling, no higher degree of heat need be attained than 180º.
This firm also manufacture an immense quantity of their air- tight fruit jars, which are of an octagon shape, glazed outside and in, and twice exposed to white heat for about twenty-four hours- each time. They are as close in their fabric as, glass, incapable of breaking by heat, will bear any amount of transportation, and, if desired, will be found very useful for household purposes.
The proprietors of this establishment are men suited to the times, being alive to every improvement, and well qualified to carry into practical operation everything in their line of business calcu- lated to add to the economy and comfort of the public.
Washboards, Zinc .- Two factories, employ ninety hands, and produce a value of two hundred and ten thousand dollars; raw material, 50 per cent.
There are more washboards made in Cincinnati than in any State of the Union, or any city any where.
Whisky .- This is the great whisky mart of the whole world, The article is manufactured for the Cincinnati market for several miles up and down the Ohio, along the lines of the Miami and Whitewater canals, along those of the Little Miami and Cincinnati, the Hamilton and Dayton Railways, and wi hin the city and its sub- urbs, to the extent of sixteen hundred and fifty barrels per day, as an average for the working days of the year. Yearly value of product, five millions three hundred and fifteen thousand seven hundred and thirty dollars ; raw material, 65 per cent.
Wigs .- Three shops, seven hands ; value of product, ten thou- sand dollars.
Wine and Brandy, Catawba .- Cincinnati has become almost as well known abroad for the manufacture of wine as for that of bacon and pork, and eventually, there is no doubt, it will become the more important of the two, as regards the extent and profit of the business. In the various stages of wine growing and making, not less than eight hundred persons are employed; value of product in favorable years, six hundred thousand dollars ; raw material, 25 per cent.
In addition to wine manufacturers who produce a common arti- cle merely, there are seven or eight individuals whose brands have already become known and approved abroad, or who are preparing for the production of superior wines, principally from the catawba
337
MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.
grape. Of these, Longworth is the oldest and best known. But there are others who make fine wines. Among these are R. Bu- chanan, G. & P. Bogen, T. H. Yeatman, and M. Werk, whose wines have been for several years in market, and find purchasers at remunerating prices, as fast as they can be made ready for sale. - All of these make still catawba, and most of them sparkling ca- tawba, which comes in competition to the French champagne, which it undoubtedly excels.
Although the grape crop for the last three years, has fallen short greatly of the average yield, owing to unfavorable weather in cer- tain stages of growth, yet there is a steady increase in the number of acres devoted to vineyard purposes.
One of our city nurserymen alone sold last year one million of cuttings, of the catawba, which would suffice to plant three hundred acres, and Wmn. J. Flagg, who has had charge of Mr. Longworth's wine business for several years past, has recently planted four hun- dred thousand cuttings in the freestone region of the Scioto. This is the largest grape nursery extant.
Such is the present extent of vineyards in this vicinity, that if they were all in bearing order, and with a full crop this year, they would yield one million five hundred thousand gallons wine.
Owing to the comparative failure of the grape, Cincinnati alone consumes the wine product of the past three or four years. The demand presses the supply so hard that the wine manufacturers have been compelled to furnish their customers for recent years with Rhine wine to a great extent.
Mr. Longworth has a stock of two hundred thousand bottles ca- tawba on hand. His ordinary sales annually are one hundred thousand bottles still, and the same quantity sparkling catawba.
T. H. Yeatman, Storrs township, west of Cincinnati, is one of our most successful raisers of the catawba grape, and manufactu- rers of the wine. For the past ten years, he has had eight acres under cultivation, and his crop rarely fails. He has received pre- miums on exhibition of his wines at the world's fair in London, in 1850 ; also at the world's fair in New York, and the United States fair at Philadelphia. Four premiums from the Cincinnati wine- growers' association and exhibitions, and at St. Louis, in 1858, where all the States were invited to compete, the highest premium of one hundred dollars, over one hundred rivals. On the 8th Jan- uary last, he made sale of one hundred and thirty gallons of ca-
338
MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.
tawba, in casks, at two dollars and fifty cents per gallon, to a gen- tleman in New York, who had tasted wine of this brand in that city, and purchased this quantity for his own use.
It may indicate the progress of the wine business here to state that side hill lands on the Ohio river, below Cincinnati, too steep for cultivation otherwise, for which the proprietors had paid forty dollars per acre, have been sold within the last eight years, for grape culture, at one thousand dollars and twelve hundred dol- lars per acre.
Yeatman's sales average one thousand boxes yearly of first quality wine, which find a ready market as soon as ripened for use. His wine cellars are forty feet by eighty feet, and of the usual depth.
Robert Buchanan, in reply to a note I addressed him on the subject of the wine manufacture, states .
Since iny last publication, 1851, the production of native wine has increased, with grape culture, to more than double the quan- tity then reported. In addition to the large cellars for preparing sparkling wine, at that time described, belonging to N. Longworth and to G. & P. Bogen, Mr. M. Werk has built one as large as his neighbors, and his wines are now quite celebrated.
In these three cellars there is, in ordinary years, an average stock of about four hundred thousand bottles of sparkling and still wines ; but, owing to the great injury to the grape crop last year, the stock of wine is now below half that quantity. It is estimated that all other cellars in this city and vicinity, do not contain more than half as much as the three large cellars above named ; and this may be assumed as a fair proportion for other years. The value of the stock of these wines, as prepared for market, at twelve dollars a dozen for the sparkling, and six to eight dollars for the still, may be set down in ordinary years at four hundred thousand dollars at least ; and when it is known that fifteen to eighteen months are required to prepare and ripen the sparkling wine, this estimate may be considered a low one.
The demand for our native wines is generally ahead of the sup- ply, and the prices paid by the viutners to the wine farmers has of lato years been fifteen to twenty per cent. higher than in 1851. This may in part be accounted for, by the last three or four seasons be- ing unfavorable to the production, but more perhaps to the fact,
339
MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.
that those who use wines find the native far more wholesome than the foreign wine. All our physicians concur in this opinion.
G. & P. Bogen. This firm has thirty-five acres in wine, princi- pally in the vicinity of Carthage. Two acres are within the city limits. Of these, twenty-five acres are in bearing. Messrs. Bo -. gen have made in favorable seasons, as high as from five hundred to eight hundred gallons per acre. Grapes for wine are worth three dollars per bushel, and wine newly made, if of good quality, one dollar and twenty-five cents per gallon. Of course it is more profitable to bottle it off, as good catawba commands seven to eight dollars per dozen bottles -- five bottles holding one gallon of wine. They make both still and sparkling catawba, and their wines enjoy a high reputation in this market. They also, to a limited extent, make-catawba brandy, a first rate article.
One side of their wine cellar, which is one hundred and sixty feet in length by a breadth of thirty, and a depth of twenty feet, is filled with wine casks. These hold from three hundred to one thousand and fifty gallons each. 'No pains or expense has been spared to make their cellar in every respect what a wine cellar should be, the walls and arches being of great thickness.
They have recently set out to the extent of three thousand roots, a new variety of black grapes, termed th : Virginia seedling, pro- ducing a fine red wine resembling Burgundy. This grape was in- troduced into Hermann, Mo., where it has been principally cultiva- ted for several years, and is valued there on account of its relia- bility as a regular bearer. It is of vigorous growth, although not well adapted to propagation by cuttings, being best spread by lay- ers ; bears abundantly, is not subject to rot, and being a grape na- tive to a region nearly of the same parallel of latitude with that of southern Ohio, is sufficiently hardy. They expect next year to increase the number of their vines by setting out yet more. This description of vines sells readily at wholesale for twenty-five cts. each, seven hundred and fifty dollars having been paid by this firm for the lot already set out. Sales rooms, at J. & J. M. Pfau, No. 258 Main street.
Wire working .- Five establishments, two only of mach impor- tance. Employ sixty hands, and a product of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars ; raw material, 35 per cent.
Bromwell & Melish, 181 Walnut, between Fourth and Fifth streets, wove and worked iron manufactory. Ten thousand Japan- 29
340
MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.
ned fancy bird cages of every variety of pattern, are made here annually.
S. E. Burnet & Co., No. 27 Walnut street ; wirc workers. Em- ploy twenty-one hands, value of manufacture, fifty thousand dol- lars. This last is of recent establishment, and has not gone fully . into operation. The articles «made here are substantially those made by Bromwell & Melish.
Wood and Willow Ware .- Fifteen factories, employ ninety hands, and manufacture a product of baskets, cradles, wagons, etc., to the value of fifty thousand dollars ; raw material, 35 per cent.
Wool Carding, etc .- Three factories, principally small ; ten hands.
Writing Inks .- Five factories, which manufacture one hundred thousand dollars annually, employing fifty hands ; raw material, 50 per cent.
J. J. Butler, Excelsior Ink Works, enjoys a high reputation in the manufacture of writing and copying inks, which entirely su- persede the eastern and European articles of the sort. This is becoming an important establishment, and already employs twenty- five hands, and makes a product of fifty thousand dollars.
Wrought Nails .- Four shops, twelve hands, twelve thousand dollars labor product.
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.
MANUFACTURING AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.
341
SYNOPSIS OF MANUFACTURING AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.
VALUE ..
NATURE OF PRODUCTS.
1841.
1851.
1859.
Agricultural machines and implements.
36000
78000
1290000
Alcohol and spirits wine.
145000
608260
2260000
Ale and beer.
126000
566000
1500000
Animal charcoal
5000
25000
30000
Artificial flowers
3000
14200
24000
Awnings. sails, tents, bags, etc.
12000
45000
52000
Bagging factories
78650
270000
Bakeries ..
259000
637662
960280
Baking Powders
6000
18000
84000
Band and hat boxes.
9000
36000
42000
Bells and brass work
11000
209500
425000
Bellows
82600
18000
20000
Belting, hose, etc
21000
96000
96002
Billiard tables,
32000
Blacking. paste.
11000
24000
36000
Blacksmithing
211400
285495
483000
Blinds, Venetian
12000
40000
60000
Blocks, spars and pumps.
26172
21000
25490
Boilers, sream engine
105000
349000
463009
Bolts, nuts, etc
6000
20000
65000
Bounet bleaching and pressing.
10000
22000
25000
Book binding.
107700
162000
326000
Boots and shoes.
48000
1182650
1750450
Boxes, packing, etc
39000
120000
210000
Brands. stamps, etc.
6-40
13500
22003
Bricks ..
87500
207000
4-5000
Bricklaying and plastering.
208650
408650
645700
Bristles and curled hair.
16600
48800
140000
Britannia ware.
12840
3960
100000
Brooms.
3000
15000
30000
Brushes
19000
60500
125000
Buckets and tubs.
21650
84200
60000
Bungs and plugs
5000
12000
10000
Buraing fluid.
89009
110000
195000
Burr mill stones
10500
24000
100000
Butchers.
1098015
2:50000
4370000
Candies and confectioneries
51900
128120
2620109
Candles, lard oil,.etc
353940
4190900
6114500
Cap and hat bodies
10000
39000
140000
Carpenters and building work
418690
2116000
2760000
Carpet weavers.
46000
56000
Carriages, omnibuses
127000
355847
460000
Carving
2000
7000
30000
Charcoal, pulverised
6000
18500
3000
Chemicals
187000
361000
450000
Cisterns.
21300
75000
75000
Cloaks, mantillas, etc.
3000
25000
450000
Clothing, made up ..
1223800
19 17500
15000000
342
MANUFACTURING AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.
NATURE AND VALUE OF PRODUCTS.
1841.
1851.
1859.
Coffee, roasted or ground
8000
38000
225000
Combs
18550
18000
Cooper ware.
167000
387000
1510000
Copper, iron and sheet iron ware.
211300
258000
610000
Copper and steel plate engraving.
12000
50000
4-000
Cordage, hemp and manilla.
33600
180000
234000
Cotiou yarns, sheetings, etc.
195600
661000
680000
Cured beef and tongues. ..
21000
135000
225500
Cutlery, surgical, dental, etc.
10700
40000
80000
Dental farniture.
10000
Dentistry
6000
92000
125000
Die sinking
1500
5000
7500
Drugs, marble, etc., ground.
10000
50000
60000
Dyeing and scouring
15540
28000
60000
Edge tools.
41600
117900
158000
Engraving. seal, card, etc.
5000
18000
30000
Engraving, wood.
22550
51000
75000
Feed and flour.
816700
1690000
3216000
Fire engines and hydraulics.
13750
65000
150000
Florists and nurserymen.
15000
120000
300000
Files.
1500
7000
18000
Foundery castings
66-657
3676500
635300
Fringes.
15400
20000
66000
Furniture.
676800
1660000
3656000
Gas aud coke.
... .
45000
110000
Gas generators, portable
7000
39000
60000
Gilders on glass
10000
40000
100000
Gloves
5000
20000
30000
Glue
6000
28000
66000
Gold leaf and dentist's foil
4000
11000
15000
Gold pens
56000
90000
130000
Gunsmithing
16942
35000
45000
Hats .
312000
445000
25000
Hat blocks
2000
4500
4000
Horse shoes
10000
48000
50000
Hot air furnaces
3000
60000
100000
Ice
20000
150000
250000
Iron, bar, boiler. sheet, etc., and nails.
394000
1146000
4334000
Iron, wrought, tubular bridges ..
Japanned tin ware aud tinuer's tools.
3000
58000
131000
Ladders .
..
5000
61000
Lever locks.
39000
53000
75000
Lightning rods ..
150000
175000
Lignors, domestic
145000
726000
3600000
Lithography
3500
20000
155000
Machinists
77000
130000
450000
Machinery, wood working.
130000
175000
Malt ...
89250
396200
569500
Marble working
10000
190000
325000
Masonic and Odd Fellows' regalia
21000
25000
Mats.
72.10
9000
..
65000
160000
Gas fitting ..
50000
Gilders
10000
Glass ware.
3500
6500
Grease.
5000
20000
Lead. sheet and pipe.
1000000
343
MANUFACTURING AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.
NATURE AND VALUE OF PRODUCTS.
1841.
1851.
1859.
Mathematical, etc., instruments.
30000
40000
40000
Mattresses
70000
95000
120000
Medicines, patent.
68000
952000
1900000
Millinery . .
120000
820000
1750000
Mineral waters.
20000
165000
256000
Morocco leather.
15000
67000
167000
Mouldings.
30090
Musical instruments
25000
89500
40000
Music publications.
6000
50000
200000
Oil cloths and window shades
73000
50000
56000
Oil, castor
60000
30000
Oil, coal
·
100000
Oil. Linseed
36000
263000
350000
Paints.
121750
385000
412000
Painting and glazing.
78000
385000
456000
Paper ..
65000
320000
616000
Pattern making
3500
25500
27000
Perfumery
10000
120000
190000
Photographs, daguerreotypes, etc.
950
80000
150000
Pickles, preserves, etc.
5000
30000
35000
Planed boards, flooring, etc.
73000
351200
565000
Planes, etc ..
95000
167000
30000
Planing machines.
30000
80000
Platform scales
60000
84000
Platiog, silver
10000
35000
Plumbing
48000
195000
406000
Pocket books.
:2000
36000
90000
Pork and beef packing.
30:4912
5760000
6300000
'Printing ink.
20000
Publications, book, newspaper, etc.
518500
1276540
2610050
Pumps, force, lift. etc.
13750
65000
75000
Railway chairs, etc.
360000
Ranges, cooking.
25000
75000
Refrigerators
9000
25000
75000
Roofing, tin, composition, metallic, cte
76000
366000
Saddle trees. .
4500
5000
Sadillery, harness, etc.
231000
306500
663000
Safes, vaults, etc ....
11400
96000
40~000
Sash, blinds and doors.
71700
312000
13:0000
Sansages
21000
162000
215000
Saws. .
16700
95000
Saw mills.
73000
411000
820000
Screw plates.
2500
16500
21000
Shirts .
40000
157000
575000
Show cases.
6000
Silver ware
56500
90000
110000
Spokes, felloes and habs
10000
70500
125010
Stained glass.
15000
9000
Starch . .
45000
9-000
230000
Steamboats
592500
458000
400000
Stockings
12000
13000
1-000
Stone cutting
83000
222000
1125000
Stone masons
101000
308000
775000
5000
Saddle bags, physicians.
15000
40000
Pottery ...
660000
Oil, cotton seed.
344
MANUFACTURING AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.
NATURE AND VALUE OF PRODUCTS.
1841.
1851.
1859.
Sugar refineries
750000
Stucco work
6000
12000
18000
Tapers ..
65000
Tailoring
276000
832000
2035000
Tanneries
335000
965000
1520000
Terra cotta ware.
.
.
25000
Tobacco, snuff and cigars.
325000
931000
1667000
Trunks.
226700
506000
650000
Trusses.
10000
56000
Turnery.
28275
152000
95000
Types, stereotypes and printing materials.
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