USA > Oregon > History of Oregon, Vol. I, 1834-1848 > Part 57
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Virgil K. Pringle and Pherne T. Pringle emigrated from Warren County, Missouri, to Oregon in 1846, and settled in Marion County. A son, Albra Moffett Pringle, born in Missouri in 1834, died at Seattle, Washington, June 21, 1876. Virgilia E. Pringle Smith, born in Missouri, June 7, 1828, married Fabritus R. Smith of Salem, September 1, 1847, and died December 3, 1875. Portland Advocate, Dec. 23, 1875; Id., Sept. 21, 1876; Salem Farmer, Dec. 16, 1875.
Andrew Zumwalt and Elizabeth Zumwalt, his wife, settled in Polk County in 1846, where their son Isaac continued to reside. Andrew Zumwalt was a deacon in the Methodist church. Mrs Zumwalt's maiden name was Fraser. She was born July 17, 1792, in Kentucky, and died September 10, 1878, at her son's home, near Lewisville, Polk County; her husband preceded her. Portland P. C. Advocate, Sept. 26, 1878.
Hugh L. Brown emigrated from Tennessee, and settled in Linn County. The town of Brownsville on Calapooya Creek is named after him, and owes much of its prosperity as an agricultural and manufacturing place to Mr Brown's ability and example. Portland Weekly Standard, Feb. 20, 1880.
Alphonso Boone, a great-grandson of Daniel Boone of Kentucky, with his family, was a member of this emigration. His daughter, Chloe Donnely
571
BIOGRAPHICAL.
ing. Their children are many of them living in the grass valleys of the Klamath basin which they were the first of the American frontiersmen to
Boone, married George L. Curry, afterward governor of Oregon Territory. Curry's Biography, MS., 4.
W. P. Breeding settled at Salem, and put up the first blacksmith's forge there. He served in the Cayuse war under Colonel Waters. In 1850 he re- turned to Missouri, to bring to Oregon his father and mother, and in the fol- lowing year was married, and removed to a farm in Lane County, near the present town of Junction City. In 1875 he removed to Whitman County in Washington, where he erected a flouring mill and made other improvements, at the same time laying off the town of Palouse City on his land, at the falls of Palouse River. Mr Breeding was a genial man, his head as white as snow, with ' keen, kindly blue eyes and rugged features on which the glow of health was stamped. Nichol's Indian Affairs, MS., 17, 18.
George William Burnett was born in Nashville, Tennessee, October 18, 1811. At 6 years of age he removed with his parents to Missouri, and was mar- ried in that state to Miss Sidney A. Younger in 1831. He settled in the autumn of 1847 on a land claim in Yamhill County, where he resided till his death in December 1877. He was a brother of Peter H. Burnett, a religious- minded, exemplary man, and useful citizen. In 1868 he was elected to the state legislature. Or. Pioneer Assoc., Trans., 1877, p. 74; Burnett's Rec., 182.
Ezekiel Kennedy was born in Kentucky in December 1789, but removed to Frankfort at an early age. He built the state-house in that city in 1817. His wife was Fanny Thurston of Shelbyville, Ky., whom he married about this time. In 1834 he removed to Missouri, and in 1846 to Oregon in the southern branch of the immigration, being one of those who were detained in the Umpqua Valley. In the spring of 1847 he settled in Yamhill County, where for a number of years he remained and occupied offices of public trust and honor. He finally settled at Dallas, where he died June 11, 1869, leaving a widow and 4 children. Dallas Times, June 26, 1869.
Frederick W. Geer, with his wife Mary Ann, and 2 children, settled on the west bank of the Willamette, opposite the present town of Butteville. The family was increased after arriving in Oregon to 10 children. Like others of this name in Oregon, Mr Geer achieved success in his undertakings. Portland Oregonian, May 20, 1876.
Towner Savage was born in the state of New York in 1801. He removed to Kalamazoo Co., Mich., and thence to Oregon, and settled in Marion County. He died at Salem, March 3, 1871. Salem Statesman, March 4, 1871.
David Colver settled 14 miles east of Salem, where he continued to reside until his death, December 31, 1874, at the age of 80 years. Salem Statesman, Jan. 9, 1875.
James Smith, born in Virginia in 1802, settled in Polk County, Oregon, in 1846, where he died March 25, 1872. Dalles Republican, March 30, 1872.
James D. Fay came to Oregon, an orphan, in 1846. He possessed good talents, and studied law under A. A. Skinner and Judge Thayer of Corvallis. He married a daughter of Jesse Applegate; but his politics and conduct being obnoxious to her family, there was unhappiness. She died, and he married Miss Rosa Young of Jacksonville. He had a son by his first and a daughter by his second wife. He committed suicide at Empire City in Coos County, June 4, 1879. Portland Oregonian, June 7, 1879.
James T. Crump, whose father opened the first store in Salem, and died about 1864, was born in Missouri, and emigrated with his parents in 1846. He was a young man of promise, but committed suicide in February 1870, a few months after his marriage, on account of disappointment in not securing a business situation. He had two brothers, one of whom is William R. Crump, and two sisters, living in Salem. Or. Statesman, Feb. 25, 1870.
Wilson Lee settled on the Little Luckiamute in Polk County. "Mrs Lee
572
THE IMMIGRATION OF 1846.
explore. Levi Scott was the founder of Scottsburg, on the Umpqua River. He died in 1878, in Lane County, at the age of eighty, respected for his many virtues and his generous character.
was married while en route to Oregon in June 1846. She died July 14, 1872, at Dallas, aged 47 years. Dalles Republican, July 20, 1872.
Rev. A. E. Garrison settled in Yamhill County. His wife, Margaret Garrison, died at Salem, August 29, 1870. She was born in Pennsylvania, March 26, 1813, emigrated with her parents to Indiana, was married at the age of 17 to Mr Garrison, and in 1846 accompanied him to Oregon. She was the mother of 14 children, only 9 of whom outlived her. Portland Advocate, Oct. 1, 1870.
Rice Dunbar was born in Ohio, February 6, 1802. While a young man he removed to Illinois, where he married Jane Miller Bisbin, January 22, 1830. Together they emigrated, and settled in the Waldo hills. His wife died in 1868. He died in September 1870. Id.
Martin Vaughn emigrated from Indiana. He lived on the Nachess River, Washington; one of his daughters married a Gibbs. Id., March 27, 1873.
Andrus Harper and his wife, Eliza, settled in the Tualatin plains. A daughter married L. P. Pratt in 1854, removed to Wasco County in 1871, where she died April 17, 1873. Id., May 1, 1873.
Mrs Cynthia Howard was born in Kentucky, October 19, 1810; removed early in life to Illinois, was married in 1828 to R. R. Howard, and with him crossed the plains and settled in Oregon City, where she resided the remain- der of her life. She was the mother of 10 children, two of whom were Meth- odist ministers. She died August 20, 1877. Id., Aug. 30, 1877.
Rev. John Howard, son of R. R. and Cynthia Howard, married Miss Jane E. Wingfield, daughter of J. T. Wingfield, in November 1854. She was born in Missouri, July 19, 1840, and died January 1, 1876, leaving 4 children. Id., Jan. 13, 1876.
J. W. and A. Pugh lived for several years in Yamhill County, but after- ward settled in Linn, where they married. Mrs John Pugh, their mother, was born in Virginia, October 1, 1791; removed with her parents to Ken- tucky, and was there married to John Pugh, about 1818, who was killed by lightning 2 or 3 years afterward, leaving her with 2 boys. After the death of her husband Mrs Pugh removed with her children first to Illinois and then to Iowa, and finally they brought her with them to Oregon. She died January 23, 1872. Id., March 21, 1872.
Joseph Waldo was born March 19, 1805, in Harrison County, West Vir- ginia. Thence he first emigrated to St Clair County, Missouri, and from the latter place to Oregon in 1846. He was a brother of Daniel Waldo, but un- like him he was of a religious turn of mind, and a generous supporter of the Willamette university, of which he was a trustee, and other Methodist insti- tutions. He died while on a visit to Clarksburg, West Va., Nov. 24, 1871. Id., Feb. 8, 1872.
CHAPTER XXI.
THE WAR FEELING IN OREGON. 1846.
SOCIAL EFFORTS OF THE CREW OF THE 'MODESTE'-FIRST THEATRICAL ENTERTAINMENTS - FIRST AMERICAN NEWSPAPER ON THE PACIFIC COAST-A MILITARY COMPANY-ARRIVAL IN THE SOUND OF H. B. M. SHIP 'FISGARD'-PRESIDENT POLK'S MESSAGE-ARRIVAL OF THE U. S. SCHOONER 'SHARK ' -- HORSE-RACING-HOWISON ON THE SITUATION -- WRECK OF THE 'SHARK '-A FLAG AND GUNS FOR OREGON-PASSAGE OF THE NOTICE BILL-OVERLAND RAILWAY-THE BOUNDARY DETERMINED- How TIDINGS OF THE TREATY WERE RECEIVED.
WHILE the events just narrated were taking place the political condition of the colony remained un- changed. From the newspapers brought by the im- migrants, and occasional news received by way of the Hawaiian Islands, the Oregon question still threat- ened war. Among other rumors was one that the British plenipotentiary had proposed as a dernier res- sort to leave the question open for twenty years, to be settled finally by the choice of the people. But this was believed by Americans to be improbable, because it was shown by Gallatin in 1827 that the country must be settled by Americans, and the late immigrations had demonstrated it.1 British subjects received the rumor with equal incredulity, believing that England would not consent to any compromise by which the country north of the Columbia would be endangered.2 So uncertain and critical seemed the
1 Honolulu Polynesian, Jan. 10 and March 14, 1846.
2 Roberts' Recollections, MS., 6; Niles' Reg., lxix. 242; Dunavan's Great Divide, 330; Yreka Union, June 28, 1871; San Bernardino Guardian, July 29, 1871; Antioch Ledger, Aug. 5, 1871; Mckay, in his Recollections, MS., 3,
(,573 )
574
THE WAR FEELING IN OREGON.
position of affairs, that an agent was sent in March, by the fur company, to San Francisco and the Sand- wich Islands, to make arrangements for obtaining sup- plies for the Hudson's Bay Company's posts, in case their farming lands should be seized.3 The Russians also, who depended on Oregon for the larger part of their supplies, anticipating trouble, forestalled the action of the British company, and purchased, early in the spring, the whole tara crop of the Islands, and large quantities of sugar and rum, for Sitka.
Everything in the Pacific seemed to point to an early collision. The Modeste, as a British man-of war stationed in the Columbia, was regarded ominously, and to soften the resentment thus created, the officers and men, following the advice of the fur company, gave a series of entertainments, to which all were in- vited, which served the purpose of diverting the minds of many from that strained feeling which McKay says obtained between the rival nations, perceptible even in the Sandwich Islands. A better acquaint- ance enabled men of either nation to express political bias freely, and wordy encounters were harmless, as there were no offensive exhibitions of patriotism.4
says the officers of the British war ship America expressed to him the opinion that the country between the Columbia River and Puget Sound must be held at all hazards-' an opinion which apparently carried no weight with the home government.'
3 This was J. W. McKay, who says that he found the whole population much excited over the prospect of annexation to the United States; and vari- ous rumors were afloat concerning Frémont's intentions. 'Such of my coun- trymen,' he says, 'as I had an opportunity to converse with during my stay in San Francisco seemed to take sides with the Americans; though they blamed the English government for not taking prompt action with a view of securing to the British crown a colony which would certainly prove valuable in the future.' Recollections, MS., 4, 5; Marsh's Letter, MS., 14, 15.
+ As the first theatrical representations ever produced on the Pacific coast, the performances on the Modeste are worthy of mention. I find by the Spectator of Feb. 19, 1846, that on the 3d of the month, under the patronage of Captain Baillie and the officers of the Modeste, and before a full and respectable audience, was performed the comedy of Three Weeks after Mar- riage, followed by The Deuce is in Him, and The Mayor of Garratt. The scenery was painted by the crew. The prologue was composed and spoken by Pettman, and ended with the mot referred to in the note, 'Modeste is our ship,' etc. The young ladies who took part in the play were the daughters of Oregon settlers: Miss Allen, Miss Hedgecock, Miss Lloyd, and Miss Rossi. These were the earliest pupils of the mimic art on the Northwest Coast. At
575
THE 'OREGON SPECTATOR.'
Little of all this would have been preserved had not the printing association, just previous to this happy thought of the crew, commenced the publication of the Oregon Spectator, the first American newspaper on the Pacific coast.5 This publication was begun just in time to record the occurrences of the eventful year of 1846.
a second performance in May, Love in a Village, The Meek Doctor, and Mayor of Garratt were played. Or. Spectator, May 12, 1846; Taylor's Spec. Press, 247.
5 There had been a small press in California since 1834, but no newspaper was published until after the American conquest, 6 months later than the publication of the Oregon newspaper. The Spectator was a semi-monthly journal of 4 pages, 15 by 11 inches in size, containing 4 columns each, printed in clear type and a tasteful style, by John Fleming, a practical printer, and an immigrant of 1844. The paper was first edited by the president of the Oregon printing association, W. G. T'Vault, after whom several other editors were employed and removed in quick succession for holding opinions adverse to the controlling power in the association. The general aim of the Spectator was, while advocating good morals, temperance, and education, to pursue the Hudson's Bay Company with unremitting, if often covert, hostility; and in this respect it might be considered the organ of the American merchant class against the British merchants. T'Vault was dismissed at the end of 10 weeks for being too lenient. H. A. G. Lee then issued 9 numbers, and was dis- missed for publishing some articles reflecting with good reason on the course of the American merchants toward the colonists; and several numbers ap- peared without any ostensible editor, when in October 1846, George L. Curry, an immigrant of that year, took the chair. He pursued the plan of allowing both sides a fair hearing, and after successfully conducting the paper a longer time than any of his predecessors, was dismissed for publishing some resolu- tions of the house of representatives of 1849, reflecting on the Methodist candidate for the important office of Oregon delegate to congress. He was succeeded by A. E. Wait, and subsequently by Wilson Blain. In 1850 the paper and press were sold to Robert Moore, who employed Blain for a time to edit it, but displaced him by D. J. Schnebley, who soon be- came proprietor, and associated with himself C. P. Culver as editor. In March 1854 the paper was again sold to C. L. Goodrich, and by him discon- tinued in March 1855. It was published semi-monthly until September 1850, when it changed to a weekly; and was printed on one of Hoe's Washington presses. Its first printer, John Fleming, went from Ohio to Oregon in 1845, and continued to reside in Oregon City till the time of his death, Dec. 2, 1872, at the age of 78 years. He left a family in Ohio, to whom he never returned. He was esteemed in his adopted home as an honorable and exem- plary man. He was appointed postmaster in 1856. Associated with Fleming for a time was T. F. McElroy, who after Fleming's retirement from business formed with C. W. Smith a partnership as printers and publishers. These were succeeded in the publishing department by T. D. Watson and G. D. R. Boyd, and they by Boyd alone. Having outlived colonial times and seen Oregon City dwindle from the first town in Oregon to the rank of second or third, the press and material of the Spectator were sold in 1855 to publish a paper inder another name, and for political purposes. That paper became finally merged in another at Salem, and the old Spectator press was taken to Roseburg to start a paper at that place, and finally to Eugene City, where it remains. The type and material were carried to Portland to be used in the publication of the Daily Union, for a short time, after which it was taken to Astoria, where was printed on it the Marine Gazette, in which Gray's
576
THE WAR FEELING IN OREGON.
With the exception of drinking, no objection seems to have been made to the Modeste's officers or men.6 Captain Baillie rarely left his ship; but the younger officers, besides giving theatrical entertainments, horse- races, balls, and curling matches, visited among the settlers wherever invited, and attended a ball given at Oregon City, in honor of Washington's birthday, by H. M. Knighton, an immigrant of 1845, who was the second marshal of Oregon under the provisional government, and sergeant-at-arms of the house of representatives in the winter of 1846. The editorial notices received of these amusements were studiedly
History of Oregon first appeared. On the termination of that journal, what was left of the material of the Spectator was taken back to Oregon City. The authorities through which I have followed the course of Oregon's first press are Portland Oregonian, March 25, 1854; Olympia Columbian, Sept. 10, 1853; Olympia Pioneer and Democrat, March 18, 1854; Parrish's Or. Anecdotes, MS., 5, 6; Lane's Nar., MS., 5, 6; Or. Pioneer Assoc., Trans., 1875, p. 72; Portland Weekly Oregonian, Dec. 26, 1868; Olympia Transcript, Dec. 26, 1868; Evans' Hist. Or., MS., 333; Applegate's Views of Hist., MS., 50; Brown's Willamette Valley, MS., 34; Pickett's Paris Exposition, 10; Or. City Weekly Enterprise, Dec. 19, 1868; Solano (Cal.) Herald, Jan. 9, 1869; Olympia Wash. Standard, Jan. 2, 1869; Niles' Reg., lxx. 340-1; S. F. Alta, March 15, 1855; Sac. Union, April 10, 1855; Portland West Shore, Nov. 1878. The general news chronicle in the Spectator was usually at least 6 months old, and was obtained from papers brought out by the annual immigrations, from the Sandwich Island papers brought over in chance sailing vessels, or through the correspondence and mail of the fur company, which arrived once or twice a year overland from Canada, or by the aunual vessel from England. But the intelligence conveyed was read as eagerly as if the events had but just transpired, and by the extracts published, it is easy to gather what kind of news was considered most important.
6 The officers of the Modeste were Thomas Baillie, captain; T. M. Rodney, T. G. Drake, and T. P. Coode, lieutenants; G. J. Gibbon, master; John Gib- son, surgeon; J. M. Hobbs, purser; A. A. D. Dundas, mate; A. Gordon, asst. surgeon; A. T. De Horsey, J. Montgomerie, Charles Grant, and R. T. Legge, midshipmen; Thomas James Clarke, G. Pearce, master's assistants; J. White, clerk's assistant; J. Hickman, gunner; J. Stevens, boatswain; Wm Ellicott, carpenter. Or. Spectator, Feb. 5, 1846. Roberts says these officers were fine fellows, and that the men could not be induced to desert by the temptation of 640 acres of land, the ship losing but one seaman during a stay in the river of more than a year. McLoughlin also says: 'I am con- vinced that it was owing to the Modeste being at Vancouver, and the gentle- manlike conduct of Captain Baillie and his officers, and the good discipline and good behavior of the crew, that the officers of the Hudson's Bay Company have had less trouble (though they have had a great deal more than I sus- pected) than they would have had, and which certainly they have done nothing to incur, but everything they could to avoid.' Private Papers, MS., 2d ser., 16, 17. One of the midshipmen of the Modeste was afterward Admiral De Horsey. Rodney, Ist lieutenant, was grandson of Admiral C. R. Rodney. Drake, 2d lieutenant, was the author of Lines to Mary and other similar effusions published in the Spectator. Roberts' Recollections, MS., 38-9.
577
OFFICERS OF THE 'MODESTE.'
inoffensive, but never cordial. The ultra-American and missionary portion of the inhabitants regarded them with disfavor, and beneath guarded phrases a covert sneer could be detected.7
There was another object in the gayeties of the Modeste, which was to avert the temptation on the part of the inferior officers and seamen to desert and take up a section of land, without price, under the Oregon land law. Though the legislature of 1844 had passed · an act in relation to deserting seamen, that they should be returned to their vessels, there to be dealt with by their officers, the practice of abandoning their ships in the Columbia River was one that gave sea-captains much trouble. In a country so wild and free, it was useless to employ severe measures, even if a captain might venture it, and kindness and tact were judged by the officers of the Modeste and the Hudson's Bay Company as more effectual. Roberts remarks that sufficient importance has never been attached to the influence of the good order maintained at Fort Van- couver in preserving the peace of the country; and also that the naval service gave them more trouble than the landsmen, the captains of vessels often having to appeal to the authority of McLoughlin or Douglas to keep their men under control. Palmer, who visited Vancouver during the Christmas holidays, one of
" Recollections, MS., 5. At a ball held in McLoughlin's mill, one of the Modeste's officers wagered a bottle of wine that the majority of the men pres- ent would fight on the British side in the event of having to choose; but a count being made he lost his bet. He then singled out one man who he offered to bet would fight on England's side, W. H. Rees. On the question. being put, 'Sir, which flag would you support in the event of war ?' Rees replied, 'I fight under the stars and stripes, sir !' to the no small chagrin of the challenger. Minto's Early Days, MS., 10; Or. Pioneer Assoc., Trans., 1874, 26-7. 'At one of the plays,' says Roberts, 'I heard, "Modeste is our ship, and modest men are we-one word more, and up shall rise the scene: Ladies and gentlemen all-God save the Queen !" One slouched hat was un- removed amongst the uncovered crowd, and I heard a tar say, "Please, sir, may I pitch that chap overboard ?"' Roberts' Rec., MS., 38. On the other side: George W. Jackson, an immigrant of 1845, being at an entertainment on board the Modeste, where there was singing, treated the audience first to the 'Star-spangled Banner,' to which they did not object, and afterward to 'Ye Parliaments of England' of 1812 memory, which displeased his ente. . tainers. Camp-fire Orations, MS., 8, 9; Palmer's Journal, 111.
HIST. OR., VOL. I. 37
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THE WAR FEELING IN OREGON.
those rare occasions, as aleady mentioned, on which the company's servants received their small allowance of spirits, describes a grand carouse, ending on ship- board.º
The subject of military organization had been neglected in the amended organic law, through a wise forbearance, as its existence was calculated to create suspicion and prevent the perfect fusion of rival ele- ments. The apparently critical aspect of affairs in the spring of 1846, however, induced some public- spirited citizens to call a meeting at the house of David Waldo, in Champoeg County, and organize a company of mounted riflemen.º Charles Bennett was made captain. It appears to have been a revival of
8 ' This was holiday with the servants of the Hudson's Bay Company, and such ranting and frolicking has perhaps seldom been seen among the sons of men. Some were engaged in gambling, some singing, some running horses, many promenading on the river-shore, and others on the large green prairie above the fort. H. B. M.'s ship of war Modeste was lying at anchor about fifty yards from the shore. The sailors also seemed to be enjoying the holi- days-many of them were on shore promenading and casting sheep's-eyes at the fair native damsels as they strolled from wigwam to hut, and from hut to wigwam, intent upon seeking for themselves the greatest amount of enjoy- ment. At night a party was given on board the ship, and judging from the noise kept up until ten at night, they were a jolly set of fellows. About this time a boat came ashore from the ship with a few landlubbers most gloriously drunk. One of them fell out of the boat and his comrades were barely able to pull him ashore.' Journal, 111.
9 The preamble to this organization reads: 'Whereas, the people of Oregon Territory are situated remote from, and without the protection of, any gov- ernment, we therefore, as members of a free and enlightened community, wishing to preserve the principles of a free and republican form of gov- ernment, and being well aware that the body of the people is the only power capable of sustaining such institutions, therefore, we deem it advisable to form ourselves into military bodies, for the purpose of preserving peace and order at home, and preventing aggressions from abroad.' Or. Spectator, June 11, 1846. The officers of the company were: captain, Charles Bennett; Ist lieut., A. A. Robinson; 2d lieut., Isaac Hutchins; 3d lieut., Hiram English; ord. sergeant, Thomas Holt; 2d sergeant, Thomas Howell; 3d sergeant, S. C. Morris; 4th sergeant, William Herring; Ist corporal, P. C. Kaiser; 2d corporal, Robert Walker; 3d corporal, B. Frost; 4th corporal, John Rowe. The privates were 33 in number. This company, when called upon to pursue some supposed horse-thieves, charged upon a peaceable native village, and shot an Indian who was innocent of any offence. It seems an anomaly that men who were able to pen sentiments as lofty as those contained in their pre- amble were so little to be trusted in the execution of their duty. It is due, however, to Captain Bennett to state that he was not in command; and to the company, to say that all regretted the occurrence which happened rather through a mistake than by design. Kaiser's Emigrant Road, MS., 6, 7; Kaiser's Nar., 12-14.
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