USA > Pennsylvania > Jefferson County > Brookville > A pioneer history of Jefferson county, Pennsylvania and my first recollections of Brookville, Pennsylvania, 1840-1843, when my feet were bare and my cheeks were brown > Part 23
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1839.
Samuel Newcomb
Rose
66
David Barnett
Young
66
Robert E. Kennedy .
Perry
Robert McIntosh
Washington
George S. Matthews
Pine Creek
Galbraith Wilson
Snyder
66
Christ. McNeil
Eldred
66
Matthew L. Ross
Ridgeway
James Aharrah
Barnett .
George R. James
Rose .
1840.
William Long
Young
66
Andrew Gibson
Perry
66
John Hice .
Porter
George Matthews
Pine Creek 66
David Riggs
Washington 66
Christ. McNeil .
Eldred 66
Peter Rickard, Jr
Snyder
66
Robert Huling
Barnett .
David Thayer
Ridgeway
John Dougherty
Brookville
66
225
Henry Philliber
Perry
Elijah M. Graham
Eldred .
George Dickinson
Ridgeway
John Mclaughlin
Brookville
66
66
Elijalı M. Graham
Eldred .
PIONEER HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNA.
Name.
Place.
Date of Election.
George R. James
Rose .
James St. Clair .
Young
Michael Palmer
Perry
John Hice
Porter
66
Michael Elliott
Washington
66
Nicholas McQuiston
Pine Creek
James Wilkins .
Snyder
Joseph Winslow
Gaskill .
Charles Gillis
Ridgeway
James Steele .
Eldred
66
James Aharrahı .
Barnett .
66
William McGarey
Rose .
1842.
David L. Moore
Clover
66
Absalom De Haven
Young
66
James Dickey
Paradise
John McAninch
Porter
66
Peter Rickard
Snyder
66
Nicholas McQuiston
Pine Creek
David Thayer
Ridgeway
John D. Kahle .
Eldred .
66
Robert Wallace
Barnett
66
John Brownlee .
Brookville
Isaac Hughes
Rose .
IS43.
William E. Gillespie
Young
Nicholas McQuiston
Pine Creek
66
De Witt C. White
Snyder
66
David C. Riggs
Warsaw
John McAninch
Porter
Samuel Kyle .
Washington
Charles Jacox
Clover
66
John Reynolds .
Barnett
Job M. Carley
Eldred
John Coffman
Gaskill
66
James H. Ames
Jenks
M. Palmer
Perry
William Rodgers
Brookville
" PIONEER CENSUS OF LYCOMING AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES.
Total. Negro Slaves.
5414
39
Whites.
Colored.
Slaves.
' Jefferson County, Pennsylvania, in 1810
161
I
. .
66
in IS20
561
IO
. .
66
in 1830
2003
21
I
in 1840
7196
57
. .
226
IS41. 66
William Rodgers
Brookville
Michael Palmer
Perry
Michael Elliott
Washington
Oran Bennett
Jenks
66
David Thayer
Ridgeway
66
" Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, in 1800 .
46
PIONEER HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNA.
" Taxable list of Jefferson County, Pennsylvania, from 1807 up to and including 1842 : 1807, 23 ; 1814, 35 ; 1821, 161; 1828, 356; 1835, 994; 1842, 1788.
" Receipts and expenditures of Jefferson County from January 2, 1816, to January 1, 1817, both days inclusive :
" John Taylor, Esq., Treasurer.
" DR.
" To cash of Joseph Barnett, Collector of Pine Creek township for 1813,
in full
$17.4334
Received on unseated lands
2475.61 14
land sold
101.92
$2594.97
List of outstanding debts due from the collectors for 1815 $7.7012
On unseated lands before 1816, for which the lands have been sold to the Commissioners ..
2140.27
County tax, 1816
790.92
" CR. $2938.891/2
" By cash paid on sundry road orders $1626.76
on election orders 34.00
66 on wolf orders 157.37 1/2
66 66 to road viewers 18.00
on contingent expenses . 102.00
Paid to Indiana County the proportionate part of the general expenses 298.56
Treasurer's fees of sixty-five tracts of land sold to Commissioners 182.92
Treasurer's fees on $1933.131/2 at 2 per cent. 38.66
Balance in treasury
136.6912
$2594.97
" GARWIN SUTTON, THOMAS SHARP, THOMAS LAUGHLIN, " Commissioners.
" Attest :
" DANIEL STANARD, " Clerk."
-Indiana American, February 10, 1817.
INCIDENTS.
On October 23, 1819, was the " dark day." Between nine and ten o'clock in the morning the darkness was so great that the pioneer had to light his old lamp or blaze his pitch-pine knot.
In January, 1828, there was a great flood in Jefferson County, and also a great one on February 10, 1832.
1816, or the year without a summer. Frost occurred in every month in 1816. Ice formed half an inch thick in May. Snow fell to the
227
PIONEER HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNA.
depth of three inches in June. Ice was formed to the thickness of a common window-glass on the 5th day of July. Indian corn was so frozen that the greater part was cut in August and dried for fodder, and the pioneers supplied from the corn of 1815 for the seeding of the spring of 1817.
In 1809, Fulton patented the steamboat.
The pioneer steam-vessels that made regular trips across the Atlantic Ocean were the " Sirius" and " Great Western" in the year 1830.
The pioneer use of gas for practical illumination was in 1802.
The pioneer mill to make finished cloth from raw cotton was erected in Waltham, Massachusetts, in 1813.
In 1807 wooden clocks were made by machinery.
The anthracite coal business was established about 1820.
In 1836 matches were patented.
" The first practical friction matches were made in 1827 by an Eng- lish apothecary named Walker, who coated splints of card-board with sulphur and tipped them with a mixture of sulphate of antimony, chlo- rate of potash, and gum. A box of eighty-four matches sold for one cent, a piece of glass-paper being furnished with it for obtaining ignition. In 1830 a London man named Jones devised a species of match which was a little roll of paper soaked in chlorate of potash and sugar, with a thin glass globule filled with sulphuric acid attached to one end. The globule being broken, the acid acted upon the potash and sugar, pro- ducing fire. Phosphorus matches were first introduced on a commercial scale in 1833, and after that improvements were rapid.
" The modern lucifer match combines in one instrument arrange- ments for creating a spark, catching it on tinder, and starting a blaze,- steps requiring separate operations in primitive contrivances. It was in 1836 that the first United States patent for friction matches was issued. Splints for them were made by sawing or splitting blocks of wood into slivers slightly attached at the base. These were known as 'slab' or ' block' matches, and they are in use in parts of this country to-day."
The pioneer strike in America was that of the journeymen boot- makers of Philadelphia in 1796. The men struck, or " turned out," as they phrased it, for an increase of wages. After two weeks' suspension of trade their demands were granted, and this success gained them greater strength and popularity, so that when they " turned out in 1798, and again in 1799, for further increases, they were still successful and escaped indictment.
Vulcanized rubber was patented in 1838.
In 1840, Daguerre first made his pictures.
The express business was started about 1840.
The pioneer telegram was sent in 1845.
The pioneer steamer to cross the Atlantic was built in New York in
22S
PIONEER HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNA.
1818 by Francis Picket. The vessel was called the "Savannah." In the trip she carried seventy-five tons of coal and twenty-five cords of wood. She left Savannah, Georgia, in May, 1819, and arrived at Liver- pool in June, 1819. She used steam eighteen of the twenty-six days.
James Piles was the pioneer blacksmith, in 1808, in Jefferson County. Joseph Mccullough was the second blacksmith, in 1819. Before " stocks" were invented oxen had to be thrown and tied and the shoes nailed on while down. Mccullough did this.
In ISII a furious tornado swept across this county.
In 1828, March 9, an earthquake shock was felt in Jefferson County.
The earliest recorded tornado in the United States was in 1794. It passed north of Brookville, in what is now Heath and other townships, and extended to Northford, Connecticut.
PIONEER THANKSGIVING DAYS.
The first recorded Thanksgiving was the Hebrew feast of the Taber- nacles.
The New England Thanksgiving dates from 1633, when the Massa- chusetts Bay colony set apart a day for thanksgiving.
The first national Thanksgiving proclamations were by Congress during the Revolutionary War.
The first great American Thanksgiving day was in 1784, for the declaration of peace. There was one more national Thanksgiving in 1789, and no other till 1862, when President Lincoln issued a national proclamation for a day of thanksgiving.
The pioneer Thanksgiving day in Jefferson County, Pennsylvania, was on the last Thursday of November, 1819, by proclamation of Governor Findlay.
CHAPTER XIII.
PIONEER MISSIONARY WORK-THE FIRST WHITE MAN TO TRAVEL THE SOIL OF JEFFERSON COUNTY-REVS. POST, HECKEWELDER, AND OTHERS.
THE pioneer minister to travel through what is now Jefferson County was a Moravian missionary or a preacher of the United Brethren Church, the Rev. Christian Frederic Post. He travelled from Philadelphia to the Ohio (Allegheny) River in 1758 on a mission from the government of Pennsylvania to the Delaware, Shawanese, and Mingo Indians. These Indians were then in alliance with the French, and Rev. Post's mission was to prevail on them to withdraw from that alliance. Post passed through what is now Jefferson County, from Clearfield, over Boone's Mountain, crossed Little Tobec (Little Toby), and then over Big Tobec (Big Toby) Creek.
229
PIONEER HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNA.
From Post's journal I quote the following extract :
" August 2nd-We came across several places where two poles, painted red, were stuck in the ground by the Indians, to which they tye the pris- oners, when they stop at night, in their return from their incursions. We arrived this night at Shinglimuce, where was another of the same posts. It is a disagreeable and melancholy sight, to see the means they make use of, according to their savage way, to distress others.
" 3rd-We came to a part of a river called Tobeco, over the moun- tains, a very bad road.
" 4th-We lost one of our horses, and with much difficulty found him, but were detained a whole day on that account [at what is now Brock- wayville]. I had much conversation with Pisquetumen [an Indian chief that travelled with him] ; of which I think to inform myself further when I get to my journey's end.
"5th-We set out early this day, and made a good long stretch, crossing the big river Tobeco, and lodged between two mountains. I had the misfortune to lose my pocket book with three pounds five shil- lings, and sundry other things. What writings it contained were illegi- ble to any body but myself.
"6th-We passed all the mountains, and the big river, Weshawaucks, and crossed a fine meadow two miles in length, where we slept that night, having nothing to eat.
" 7th-We came in sight of fort Venango, belonging to the French, situate between two mountains, in a fork of the Ohio [Allegheny] river. I prayed the Lord to blind them, as he did the enemies of Lot and Elisha, that I might pass unknown. When we arrived, the fort being on the other side of the river, we hallooed, and desired them to fetch us over : which they were afraid to do; but showed us a place where we might ford. We slept that night within half gun shot of the fort."
* % *
" Christian Frederic Post accompanied by several friendly Indians, set out from Bethlehem on the 19th of July, for Fort Augusta (Sunbury). There he took the path along the right bank of the West Branch, leading over the Chillisquaque, over Muncy, Loyalsock, and Pine Creeks, crossed the Susquehanna at the Great Island, and then struck one of the main Indian thoroughfares to the West. On the 3rd of July he forded Beech Creek, on whose left bank he came to the forks of the road. One branch led southwest along the Bald Eagle, past the Nest to Frankstown, and thence to the Ohio country ; the other due west to Chinklacamoose. Post took the latter. It led over the Moshannon, which he crossed on the Ist of August. Next day he arrived at the village of Chinklacamoose in the ' Clear Fields.' Hence the travellers struck a trail to the northwest, crossed Toby's Creek (Clarion River), and on the 7th of August reached Fort Venango, built by the French in 1753, in the forks of the Alle-
230
PIONEER HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNA.
gheny. ' I prayed the Lord,' writes Post, 'to blind the French, as he did the enemies of Lot and Elisha, that I might pass unknown.'
" Leaving Venango, Post and his companions turned their horses' heads to the southwest, struck the Conequenessing on the 12th of August, crossed the Big Beaver, and next day arrived at Kaskadkie, the terminus of their journey and the head-quarters of 'the Beavers' and 'Shingas,' war-chiefs of the western Delawares." Post was, therefore, the first Mora- vian west of the Alleghenies. He closes his interesting journal with these words :
" Thirty-two days that I lay in the woods, the heavens were my cov- ering, and the dew fell so hard sometimes that it pricked close to the skin. During this time nothing lay so heavily on my heart as the man who went along with me [Shamokin Daniel], for he thwarted me in everything I said or did ; not that he did it against me, but against the country on whose business I was sent. When he was with the French he would speak against the English, and when he was with the English he would speak against the French. The Indians observed that he was unreliable, and desired me not to bring him any more to transact business between them and the prisoners. But praise and glory be to the lamb that was slain, who brought me through a country of dreadful jealousy and mis- trust, where the Prince of this world holds rule and government over the children of disobedience. It was my Lord who preserved me amid all difficulties and dangers, and his Holy Spirit directed me. I had no one to commune with, but Him ; and it was he who brought me from under a thick, heavy and dark cloud into the open air, for which I adore, and praise and worship him. I know and confess that He, the Lord my God, the same who forgave my sins and washed my heart in his most precious blood, grasped me in his almighty hand and held me safe,-and hence I live no longer for myself, but for Him, whose holy will to do is my chiefest pleasure."
" Christian Frederic Post, the most adventurous of Moravian mis- sionaries employed among the North American Indians, was born at Conitz, Polish Prussia, in 1710. He immigrated to this country in June, 1742. Between 1743 and 1749 he was a missionary to the Moravian In- dians in New York and Connecticut. He first married Rachel, a Wam- panoag, and after her death, Agnes, a Delaware. Having become a widower a second time, he, in 1751, returned to Europe : hence he sailed for Labrador in 1752, engaging in an unsuccessful attempt to bring the gospel to the Esquimaux. Having returned to Bethlehem in 1754, he was sent to Wyoming, where he preached to the Indians until in Novem- ber of 1755. In the summer of 1758, Post undertook an embassy in be- half of government to the Delawares and Shawanese of the Ohio country, which resulted in the evacuation of Fort Duquesne by the French and the restoration of peace. In September of 1761 he engaged in an inde-
23I
PIONEER HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNA.
pendent mission to the Indians of that distant region, and built him a hut on the Tuscarawas, near Bolivar, in Stark County, Ohio. John Hecke- welder joined him in the spring of 1762. But the Pontiac war drove the missionaries back to the settlements, and the project was abandoned. Im- pelled by his ruling passion, Post now sought a new field of activity in the southern part of the continent, and in January of 1764 sailed from Charles- ton, via Jamaica, for the Mosquito coast. Here he preached to the natives for upward of two years. He visited Bethlehem in July of 1767, returned to Mosquito, and was in Bethlehem, for the last time, in 1784. At this date he was residing with his third wife, who was an Episcopalian, in Germantown. Here he deceased April 29, 1785. On the 5th of May his remains were interred in the Lower Graveyard of that place, Rev. William White, of Christ Church, conducting the funeral service. A marble slab, bearing an appropriate obituary record, was placed, some thirty years ago, upon the veteran missionary's grave."-Transactions of the Moravian Historical Society, vol. i.
The second minister to cry aloud in this wilderness was the Rev. John Heckewelder in 1762. He came from Bethlehem over the Chinklacamoose trail to Punxsutawney. He was a Moravian missionary, and travelled some thirty thousand miles in Indian missionary work between the years 1762 and 1814.
The third preacher to penetrate this wilderness was a Moravian min- ister, the Rev. David Zeisberger, and he passed through or near Brock- wayville over the northwest trail to what was then the Ohio, now the Allegheny (in what is now Forest County) River.
I quote as follows from " Day's Collections" :
" In the year 1767 an unarmed man of short stature, remarkably plain in his dress, and humble and peaceable in his demeanor, emerged from the thick forest upon the Allegheny River, in the neighborhood of the Seneca towns. This was the Moravian missionary, Rev. David Zeis- berger, who, led by Anthony and John Papanhunk, Indian guides and assistants in his pious labors, had penetrated the dense wilderness of Northern Pennsylvania, from Wyalusing, on the Susquehanna, to preach the gospel to the Indians in this region. His intended station was at Goshgoshunk, which appears to have been on the left bank of the Alle- gheny, not far from the mouth of Tionesta. Possibly Goshgoshunk was the same as the Indian name Cush-cush.
" The Seneca chief, believing Brother Zeisberger to be a spy, received him roughly at first ; but, softened by his mild demeanor, or perhaps by the holy truths which he declared to the chief, he at length bade him welcome, and permitted him to go to Goshgoshunk. He warned him, however, not to trust the people there, for they had not their equals in wickedness and thirst for blood. This was but another incentive to him who came to preach ' not to the righteous, but to sinners.' However, on
232
PIONEER HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNA.
his arrival he was well received, and shared the hospitality of a relative of one of his guides. 'Goshgoshunk, a town of the Delawares, consisted of three villages on the banks of the Ohio [Allegheny]. The whole town seemed to rejoice at the novelty of this visit. The missionary found, however, that the Seneca chief had told him truly. He was shocked at their heathenish and diabolical rites, and especially by their abuse of the holy name of God. An Indian preacher, called Wangomen, strenuously resisted the new doctrines of the missionaries, especially that of the in- carnation of the Deity, and instigated the jealousy of his people ; but the truth, preached in its simplicity and power, by the missionaries, over- came him, and he yielded his opposition so far as to join the other In- dians in an invitation to the missionaries to settle among them. The old blind chief, Allemewi, was awakened, and afterwards baptized, with the Christian name of Solomon. The missionary went home to report his progress to his friends in Bethlehem. The following year Zeisberger re- turned, accompanied by Brother Gottlob Senseman and several Moravian Indian families from the Susquehanna, to establish a regular mission at Goshgoshunk. They built a block-house, planted corn, and, gathering round their block-house several huts of believing Indians, they formed a small hamlet, a little separated from the other towns. 'To this a great number resorted, and there the brethren ceased not, by day and night, to teach and preach Jesus, and God in Christ, reconciling the world unto himself.' These meetings were fully attended, 'and it was curious to see so many of the audience with their faces painted black and vermilion and heads decorated with clusters of feathers and fox-tails.' A violent oppo- sition, however, succeeded, occasioned by the malicious lies of the ma- gicians and old women,-' the corn was blasted, the deer and game began to retire from the woods, no chestnuts nor bilberries would grow any more, merely because the missonaries preached a strange doctrine, and the Indians were changing their way of life.' Added to this, the grand council at Onondaga and Zeneschio (Ischua) looked with extreme jealousy upon this new encroachment of white men upon their territories and dis- countenanced the establishment. In consequence of these things the mis- sionaries left Goshgoshunk, and retired fifteen miles farther up the river, to a place called Lawanakanuck, on the opposite bank, probably near Hickorytown. Here they again started a new settlement, built at first a hunting-den, and afterwards a chapel and a dwelling-house, ' and a bell, which they received from Bethlehem, was hung in a convenient place.'
" About the year 1765 the Moravian missionary David Zeisberger established the mission of Friedenschnetten, near the present town of Wyalusing, in Bradford County. This town, the name of which signifies ' tents of peace,' contained ' thirteen Indian huts, and upward of forty frame houses, shingled, and provided with chimneys and windows.' There was another mission about thirty miles above Friedenschnetten,-
16
233
PIONEER HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNA.
' Tschechsehequanink,' or, as it was translated, ' where a great awakening had taken place.' This latter mission was under the charge of Brother Roth.
" These missions prospered greatly, and much good was done among the Indians, until 1768, when the Six Nations, by the treaty made that year, 'sold the land from under their feet,' and the missionaries en- countered so much trouble from both the Indians and whites, that in 1772 the brethren decided to abandon these missions and remove to the new field which had been planted by the indefatigable Zeisberger on the banks of the Ohio. They therefore started from Wyalusing on the 12th day of June, 1772, in number two hundred and forty-one souls, mostly Indians, of all ages, with their cattle and horses. Their destination was Friedenstadt,* near the present site of Beaver, Pennsylvania. They were under the guidance of Brothers Roth and Ettewein, and their course was from the North Branch across the Allegheny Mountains, by way of Bald Eagle, to the Ohio River. Brother Roth conducted those who went by water and Brother Ettewein those who travelled by land. In 1886 the Moravian, published at Bethlehem, gave the journal of Rev. John Ette- wein, and we give the extracts from it of the progress of the party through the territory now comprised by southern Jefferson County, with the explanatory foot-notes in the Moravian, translated by Mr. Jordan :
"'1772.
"' Tuesday, July 14 .- Reached Clearfield Creek, where the buffalos formerly cleared large tracts of undergrowth, so as to give the appearance of cleared fields. Hence, the Indians called the creek 'Clearfield.' Here at night and next morning, to the great joy of the hungry, nine deer were shot. Whoever shoots a deer has for his private portion, the skin and inside ; the meat he must bring into camp and deliver to the distributors. John and Cornelius acted in this capacity in our division. It proved advantageous for us not to keep so closely together, as we had at first designed ; for if the number of families in a camp be large, one or two deer, when cut up, afford but a scanty meal to each individual. So it happened that scarce a day passed without there being a distribu- tion of venison in the advance, the centre and the rear camp. (On the route there were one hundred and fifty deer and but three bears shot.) In this way our Heavenly Father provided for us ; and I often prayed for our hunters, and returned thanks for their success.
"' Thursday, July 16 .- . . . I journeyed on, with a few of the brethren, two miles in a falling rain, to the site of Chinklacamoose, where we found
* " The Annals of Friedenschnetten, on the Susquehanna, with John Ettewein's Journal of the Removal of the Mission to Friedenstadt, 1765 and 1772, by John W. Jordan."
234
PIONEER HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNA.
but three huts, and a few patches of Indian corn. The name signifies ' No one tarries here willingly.' It may, perhaps, be traced to the cir- cumstance that some thirty years ago an Indian resided here as a hermit, upon a rock, who was wont to appear to the Indian hunters, in frightful shapes. Some of these, too, he killed, others he robbed of their skins ; and this he did for many years. We moved on four miles, and were obliged to wade the West Branch three times, which is here like the Lehigh at Bethlehem, between the island and the mountain, rapid and full of ripples.
"' Friday, July 17 .- Advanced only four miles to a creek that comes down from the northwest .* Had a narrow and stony spot for our camp.
"' Saturday, July 18 .- Moved on without awaiting Roth and his division, who on account of the rain had remained in camp. To-day Shebosch lost a colt from the bite of a rattlesnake. Here we left the West Branch three miles to the Northwest, up the creek, crossing it five times. Here, too, the path went precipitately up the mountain, and four or five miles up and up to the summit-to a spring the head-waters of the Ohio.+ Here I lifted up my heart in prayer as I looked westward, that the Son of Grace might rise over the heathen nations that dwell beyond the distant horizon.
"' Sunday, July 19 .- As yesterday, but two families kept with me, be- cause of the rain, we had a quiet Sunday, but enough to do drying our effects. In the evening all joined me, but we could hold no service as the Ponkis were so excessively annoying that the cattle pressed towards and into our camp, to escape their persecutors in the smoke of the fires. This vermin is a plague to man and beast, both by day and night. But in the swamp through which we are now passing, their name is legion. Hence the Indians call it the Ponksutenink, i.e., the town of the Ponkis. } The word is equivalent to living dust and ashes, the vermin being so small as not to be seen, and their bite being hot as sparks of fire, or hot ashes. The brethren here related an Indian myth, to wit : That the afore- cited Indian hermit and sorcerer, after having been for so many years a terror to all Indians, had been killed by one who had burned his bones, but the ashes he blew into the swamp, and they became living things, and hence the Ponkis.
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