USA > Pennsylvania > Jefferson County > Brookville > A pioneer history of Jefferson county, Pennsylvania and my first recollections of Brookville, Pennsylvania, 1840-1843, when my feet were bare and my cheeks were brown > Part 41
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406
PIONEER HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNA.
CHAPTER XXIV.
PIONEER NEWSPAPER IN THE WEST-PIONEER NEWSPAPER IN THE COUNTY -TERMS-EARLY MARKET-OTHER PAPERS.
PREVIOUS to 1793 there were no postal or post-office facilities. Letters and papers had to be sent with friends, neighbors, or by special carriers. The first newspaper started in the western part of the State was the Pitts- burg Gasette. It was published by John Scull, and issued in 1786. It was distributed to patrons by special carriers. The pioneer newspaper for Jefferson County was published in Indiana, Pennsylvania. It was es- tablished in 1826. It was a four column paper, printed on paper eleven inches wide and seventeen inches long. I have No. 13 of vol. i., and reprint here from it,-viz. :
THE AMERICAN,
AND INDIANA & JEFFERSON REPUBLICAN.
" He is a freeman whom the truth makes free and all are slaves besides."-COWPER.
ALEXANDER T. MOORHEAD, PROPRIETOR, AND EDITED BY JAMES MOORHEAD.
NEW SERIES-VOL. I.
MONDAY, MAY 22, IS26. No. 13.
PRINTED BY WM. MOORHEAD,
in the frame house next door to Mr. Jos. Thompson, Chair Maker and Painter, North of the Court House, Water Street, Indiana, Pa.
Terms of Publication.
THE AMERICAN, AND INDI- ANA AND JEFFERSON RE- PUBLICAN will be published every Monday, at two dollars per annum, exclusive of postage ; and two dollars and fifty cents, including postage, payable half yearly in advance.
No subscription taken for a shorter period than six months, and no with- drawal whilst in arrears.
A failure to notify an intention to discontinue at the end of six months is considered a new engagement.
Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of ONE DOLLAR per square for the three first insertions, and TWENTY-FIVE cents for every continuance ; those of greater length in proportion.
All orders directed to the Editor must be post paid or they cannot re- ceive attention.
GRAIN, RAGS, BEES-WAX, OR TALLOW, will be taken in payment of subscription, if paid within the current year.
407
PIONEER HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNA.
Inside and local column :
THE AMERICAN.
INDIANA :
MONDAY, MAY 22, 1826.
The price of lumber by retail as advertised by the Diamond Mills, March 6th, 1826. Bill of Price of Pine BOARDS, and SCANTLING at the MILLS.
Inch boards price per 100 feet So.So
34 inch do do
0.75
1/2 inch do do 0.70
2 inch plank (selected)
0.50
1 1/2 inch (do)
1.25
3 inch
(do)
2.00
2 inch common plank for barn or stable floors 1.20
Scaniling for Joists, &c. &c. 212 inches by 10, running measure per 100 feet.
1.30
3 inches by 8, per 100 feet 1.37 12
3 inches by 7, do
1.25
3 inches by 5, (selected) 1.25
3 inches by 4, (do)
1.1212
5 inches by 5, (do)
1.50
Scantling for Rafters in proportion.
Lath for palings &c. per 100 feet 0.26
Selected boards of the best timber for Sash, or other particular uses 1.00
Purchasers are invited to give us a call.
ROBERT MITCHELL, JAMES HAMILTON, A. T. MOORHEAD.
A common advertisement of those days as found in the above paper :
".Six Cents Reward.
" RAN away from the residence of his father, in Green Township, Indiana County, SIMON CONNER, without any just cause; I therefore forbid any person from harboring said boy, or the
law will be rigidly enforced against them. He had on when he absconded a drab coat and pantaloons, and other clothing; one fur and one wool hat. The above reward and all reasonable expenses paid if brought home. JOIIN CONNERS."
May 22, 1826.
The following market report is taken from the Blairsville Record and Conemaugh Reporter, dated February 18, 1830, published by L. McFar- land :
" Butter, per pound, II cents ; bacon, per pound, 6 and 7; bags, 37 and 62 ; beans, per bushel, 87 and $1.00 ; boards, pine, per 100 feet, $1.50
408
PIONEER HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNA.
and $1.60 ; coal, per bushel, 2 and 3 ; candles, per pound, 10 and 1012 ; cheese, per pound, 7 and 8; eggs, per dozen, 1212 ; flour, per barrel, $5 and $5.50 ; feathers, per pound, 30 ; wheat, per bushel, 70 and 80 ; rye, per bushel, 40 and 50 ; corn, per bushel, 40 and 50 ; oats, per bushel, 31 and 37 ; sole leather, per pound, 23 and 26; lard, per pound, 5 ; pork, fresh, per pound, 3 and 312 ; potatoes, per bushel, 25 ; salt, per barrel, $2.50 ; wool, per pound, 13 and 33; whiskey, per gallon, 27 and 30.
" PITTSBURGH, PENN'A, March 4th, 1834.
" PRICES CURRENT.
Wheat per bushel
65 and 70 cents.
Rye
66
50 and 56 "
Corn 66
45 and 59 “
Oats 66 66
31 and 33 "
Wheat flour per barrel $3.
Buckwheat flour per hundredweight
$2.50 and $3.
Flaxseed per bushel
90 cents to $I.
Dried apples per bushel
40 and 50 cents.
peaches
SI.
Feathers per pound
33 and 40 cents.
Rags 66
5 and 5 1/2
Wool 6
30 cents.
Spanish hides per pound
16 and 19 cents.
Green
5 cents.
Beeswax per pound
16 and 18 cents.
Havana coffee per pound
14 and 1412 cents.
Rio . 66 66
1572 and 17
Java 66 66 ..
16 and 18 cents.
Whiskey per gallon
23 and 25 "
-Copied from the Olive Branch, Freeport, Pennsylvania, April 26, 1834, vol. i., No. 30.
In the year 1832, John J. Y. Thompson established in Brookville, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania, and issued the first number of the pioneer paper within the confines of the county. This paper was printed on coarse paper, thirteen inches wide and twenty inches long. The terms of subscription were the same as printed for the American. In politics it was Democratic. In 1833, Thomas Reid purchased a half interest in the establishment. The paper then was published as a neu- tral or independent, and still called Gazette. Thompson and Reid not agreeing, Reid retired, and Thompson and James P. Blair continued the publication.
In 1833, Thompson disposed of his interest to Dr. R. K. Scott, and the firm became Blair & Scott. They changed the name to Jeffersonian, and in politics it was Democratic. On February 27, 1834, Blair & Scott sold out to George R. Barrett, who published it as the Jeffersonian for one year. It was printed and published each week on Thursday, and
27
409
PIONEER HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNA.
on the same terms as the Indiana American. The pioneer printing office under all these parties, except Thompson, was in a one story-and-a-half frame building, unpainted, on the corner of Main and Pickering Streets, opposite the old, and now the new, court-house. Matson's brick block is now located on the ground. For years this little office, as well as the village, which was named Brookville by Joseph Barnett, the patriarch of the county, was surrounded by a boundless forest, the tall and lofty pines
--
J. J. Y. Thompson, pioneer publisher of paper.
in the immediate vicinity towering up towards the clouds, obscuring the sun's rays until noontide, while nightly revels of hungry wolves awakened the pioneer in his cabin. Next Jesse G. Clark and Blair bought and ran the paper for [six months, at which time James H. Laverty and James McCrackin bought and published the paper until 1836. At this time Laverty retired, and McCrackin changed the name to the Brookville Re- publican, and continued the publication until January 1, 1839, when he removed with his paper from the county.
Copy of George R. Barrett's indenture, the man who published the Brookville Jeffersonian in 1834 :
410
PIONEER HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNA.
" Article of agreement made and concluded this first day of Septem- ber, eighteen hundred and thirty-one, between John Bigler, of the borough of Bellefonte, Centre County, on the one part, and Daniel Barrett, of Clearfield County, on the other part.
" The said John Bigler, printer, doth agree to teach George Barrett, son of the said Daniel, the art and mystery of printing ; and during the period that the said George shall so live with him the said Bigler is to
Hon. George R. Barrett, editor of paper.
board and clothe said George, and during his time give him one-quarter of day schooling, one quarter night schooling, and when free give the said George a good suit of clothes, to be new at that time.
" And the said Daniel doth hereby covenant and agree that the said George shall remain with the said Bigler for the term of three years and six months from the date of these presents, and comport himself in such manner as is the duty of an apprentice to a master.
" JOHN BIGLER, DANIEL BARRETT.
" Witness present-FRANKLIN B. SMITH."
4II
PIONEER HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNA.
In June, 1838, Thomas Hastings and son started and published in Brookville a new paper called the Backwoodsman. In 1841, Colonel William Jack bought this paper and had it published by George F. Humes. This was not a success, and Humes, in a valedictory to his patrons, told them to go to h-ll and he would go to Texas. In 1843 the paper was owned and published by David Barclay and Barton T. Hastings. In a short time Barclay retired and Hastings continued the publication. Those papers were all printed on the old Ramage or Franklin press, and every publisher made his own "roller" out of glue and molasses, in the proportion of a pound of glue to a pint of molasses. In Brookville the "youngest devil" in the office carried to the residence of each subscriber his or her paper. The boy who delivered these papers was called the " carrier." Each New Year's day this carrier would have an address in poetry, written by some local bard, recounting the events of the year just closed. This New Year's address he offered for sale to his patrons.
" ADDRESS TO HIS PATRONS BY THE CARRIER OF THE BROOKVILLE DEMOCRAT-REPUBLICAN, JANUARY 1, 1837.
" Here I come, the ' little herald' of our town, So early in the morning, to prance the streets around, Bringing to you news from near and far, Of murder, marriage, death, and war ; Through the bleak winter's snow-storm, Through rain, hail, and weather of every form, I my weekly courses round to your house run, As regularly as the bright and unvarying sun ; And since I my first visit here have made, Changes many and strange, it is said, Have fallen to the poor creature man : To some, many thousands is a clan.
" But since I have thus taken upon me To be merry and busy as a honey-bee, You will please bear with me awhile,- I will tell you of wars strange and vile, Which, within twelve months, have taken place, On Texas's fair soil, by the Mexican race, Who, like bloody monsters and fiend, Butcher'd man, woman, and child. Brave Crockett, like a hero has a fallen, Far in Texas, while the Mexican malling. His fame, may it be handed down, Like the never-fading laurels of a crown. May a lasting tribute be fully paid To him that low in the Alamo was laid ; But, the commander, Santa Anna, soon in snare, Was taken by Houston and his men of war ;
412
PIONEER HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNA.
In chains and fetters he long lay, Now turned at liberty, they say. To Washington in haste he comes, There in its lofty and pure domes, To acknowledge TEXAS to be at liberty ; And that she shall no longer fear he, In the presence of Jackson, noble and brave, To declare her free as the sea-rolling wave.
" Another President has been made, MARTIN VAN BUREN, it is truly said, Will take this high nation's reins, Will, on the fourth, if the Lord deigns, Of March next President be, Over this great nation of Liberty ; While Johnston, of Kentucky great, Yet has to stand before the Senate.
" Now to you, fair lasses, a word. I will speak to you of neither famine nor sword, But of plenty and happiness, full and free, Around well-furnished tables of tea. Leap year has taken its flight, And the bachelors are glad of the sight ; Beaus you will soon have in full store, Since you have courted them no more ; But I would advise and warn you, To beware lest they despise and scorn you, That you pass not sweet twenty-five, In single blessedness to live. You will please take this friendly warning, And I will bid you a good-morning.
" Old maids, like to have forgotten you I had ; Your condition is surprisingly bad ; Next to an old bachelor's dreadful state I deplore your wonderfully hard fate. But cheer up, ye lovely old dames, Husbands you shall have in picture-frames.
" But of all IMPS I am the completest, Of all patrons you are the neatest, All so very kind, loving, and civil To your young friend, the printer's devil ; Then take it not as impudent of me, Little, poor, and despised you see, To wish you a happy New Year ; And you need not feel anxiety or fear,
413
PIONEER HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNA.
About produce that may fall or rise, If you just hand over to me TWENTY-FIVE. To do this you may not be willing, Then extend unto me but one shilling.
" CARRIER.
" Republican Office, BROOKVILLE, January 1, 1837."
CHAPTER XXV.
MILITIA AND TOWNSHIPS.
PIONEER MILITIA REGIMENT.
OUR pioneer militia regiment was the One Hundred and Forty-fifth, Second Brigade, Fifteenth Division, Pennsylvania Militia.
The first reference I can find of a militia company was in what is now Washington township. I am unable to give any further information of the militia at that date.
"ATTENTION.
" The enrolled militia, comprising the Seventh Company, First Bat- talion, One Hundred and Forty fifth Regiment, Second Brigade, Fif- teenth Division, Pennsylvania Militia, are ordered to meet, properly equipped for drilling, at the home of Joseph Keys, in Pine Creek town- ship, on the first Monday of May next, at the hour of ten o'clock of said day.
" JOHN WILSON, Captain."
April 10, 1834.
The lieutenants of this company were Henry Keys and Oliver Mc- Clelland.
Our battalion seems to have been comprised of five companies, formed part of the One Hundred and Forty fifth Regiment, and belonged to the Fifteenth Division. The regiment was composed of two battalions, one in Jefferson, and the division was composed of the counties of Allegheny, Armstrong, Indiana, and Jefferson. William F. Johnston, of Kittanning, afterwards governor of the State, was the colonel ; Alexander McKnight (my father), of Brookville, was lieutenant-colonel ; and William Rodgers, of Brookville, was major.
These regimental officers were commissioned August 3, 1835, for seven years, or during good behavior.
The companies were numbered, " first," "second," etc., instead of being designated by letters, as at present
414
PIONEER HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNA.
OFFICIAL FIRST COMPANY.
Pioneer Militia Company of Eldred and Barnett Townships .- List of the voters or enrolled men of the First Company of the militia of Jeffer- son County, Pennsylvania, March 21, 1836 :
Thomas Arthurs, Jacob Craft, Henry M. R. Clark, Daniel Elgin, John West, Joseph B. Graham, Nathan Phipps.
At an election held at the house of Thomas Arthurs, on the 21st of March, 1836, John West was elected captain, Nathan Phipps was elected first lieutenant, and Joseph B. Graham second lieutenant.
Pioneer Militia Officers of the Third Company, for the Township of Perry .-- At an election held on the 21st of March, 1836, at the house of John Sprankle, the following officers were elected :
For captain, Clark Kithcart had seven votes.
For first lieutenant, William Ferguson had seven votes.
For second lieutenant, John N. Shaffer had seven votes.
Pioneer Militia Officers of the Fourth Company of Militia, for the Township of Young .- At an election held at the house of A. Weaver, on March 21, 1836, the following officers were elected :
For captain, William Clawson had twelve votes.
For first lieutenant, John Drum had eleven votes.
For second lieutenant, James Torrence had ten votes.
Pioneer Militia Company, Sixth Company, for the Township of Rose .- At an election held March 21, 1836, at the house of Alonzo Baldwin, in the township of Rose, for company officers for the Sixth Company of the Jefferson County Militia, Second Brigade, and Fifteenth Division :
For captain, Isaac McIlvaine had thirteen votes.
For captain, Christopher Barr had one vote.
For first lieutenant, Enoch Hall had seven votes.
For first lieutenant, John Heterick had seven votes.
For second lieutenant, John Lucas, Jr., had nine votes.
For second lieutenant, William Godfrey had five votes. J. J. Y. THOMPSON, Clerk.
Voters on enrollment :
Christopher Barr, Andrew McIlvaine, William Godfrey, John Wil- liams, George McAninch, John Heterick, Isaac McIlvaine, Hiram Carrier, Andrew McIlvaine, Jr., Philip Burns, William McAninch, David Moore, John J. Y. Thompson, Alonzo Baldwin.
Pioneer Militia Company of Brookville .- At an election held March 21, 1836, at the house of Thomas Hastings, inn-keeper in Brookville, for the purpose of electing officers for the Seventh Company of the Jefferson County Battalion, Pennsylvania Militia, the following members polled their ballots :
Job McCreight, Robert Barr, Henry Dull, William McGarey, William
415
PIONEER HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNA.
Barr, Thomas Craddick, Jr., Andrew C. Vastbinder, Jared B. Evans, Thomas Hastings, John Gallagher, John Brownlee, Samuel Craig, Cephas J. Dunham, John Beck, Thomas Barr, Daniel Coder, Isaac Hallen, Jo- seph Sharp, Charles A. Wells, Joseph Clements, Jesse G. Clark, Benja- min McCreight, Hugh Brady, Samuel Truby, William Rodgers, Arad Pearsall, Alexander C. Hamilton, William Kelso, James Craig, Andrew C. Hall, Richard Arthurs, James Lucas, Caleb A. Alexander, James McCracken, John Barnett, James Templeton, Henry Smith.
William Kelso was elected captain, Daniel Coder first lieutenant, and Henry Smith second lieutenant.
The following notice, dated November 17, 1836, was published in the Brookville Republican by the brigade inspector, as required by law :
" An appeal for the First Battalion, One Hundred and Forty-fifth Regiment, will be held at the house of J. Pierce, in the borough of Brookville, on Monday, the 12th day of December next. The field officers of said battalion are requested to attend for the purpose of hear- ing excuses and exonerating constables, etc. Persons interested are requested to attend. All persons having claims for military services are requested to present them at the above time and place.
"S. S. JAMISON, Brigade-Inspector, " Second Bat., Fifteenth Div., P. M."
The pioneer musters and reviews were held either at Port Barnett, the McCullough farm, or Samuel Jones's farm ; also on what is now Jackson Heber's farm, and on what is now our fair grounds. All marching was done to the tune of " Yankee Doodle." The militia carried all kinds of weapons, including "corn-stalks," and hence were called the " corn- stalk militia."
The militia drills ceased in this State about 1847 or 1848.
Marching was in single file. In drill it was " by sections of two, march." Instead of "file right" or " file left," it was "right" or " left wheel." Instead of " front" it was " left face." The Brookville militia and Jefferson Blues company drilled on the flat now covered with water by Heidrick, Matson & Co.'s dam.
VOLUNTEERS -THE PIONEER MILITARY COMPANY - JEFFERSON BLUES-CONSTITUTION OF THAT ORGANIZATION-MILITARY FOURTH OF JULY CELEBRATION.
As near as I can learn, the pioneer military volunteer company in the county was the Jefferson Blues. This body of men was organized at Brookville some time in 1836, and was a " Volunteer Rifle Association."
416
PIONEER HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNA.
The pioneer officers were, captain, John Wilson ; lieutenants, William Kelso and Henry Vastbinder ; orderly Sergeant, Samuel Chitister. Band : Samuel Lucas, fifer ; Oliver George, snare drummer ; Evans R. Brady, bass drummer.
From the Brookville Democrat-Republican of 1837 I quote the fol- lowing account of the pioneer military celebration of the Fourth of July, I776 :
"JEFFERSON BLUES-ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION.
" The sixty-first anniversary of American Independence was cele- brated in this place on the memorable Fourth by the Jefferson Blues, commanded by Captain John Wilson, together with the citizens of Jef- ferson County, in a spirit worthy of the occasion. The company formed in procession, and after parading in the streets and through the borough for a time, adjourned to the public house of William Clark, Esq., where they partook of a sumptuous repast, served up in his best style.
" Dinner over, the procession marched to the grove southeast of Brookville, where an oration was spoken by Richard Arthurs, Esq., after which the following toasts were drunk :
" By Captain John Wilson. The young republic of Texas : may she soon be united into the confederacy of our happy Union, and with her sound the trumpet of liberty.
" By Lieutenant Vastbinder. The heroes of the army and navy of the last war : may their memories be cherished while the earth bears a plant or the sea rolls a wave.
" By Sergeant Samuel Chitister. The Jefferson Blues : may they have the pleasure of being commanded hereafter by a commander of their own who is capable of performing the duties assigned him.
"By Samuel Miller. The Jefferson Blues : it is now about one year since their organization ; it it is hoped that hereafter they will agree better, and become a respectable volunteer company.
" By William Clark. The North Fork Company : may they last as long as laurel grows green or I keep a tavern in Brookville.
" By S. Miller. Carlton B. Curtis. Esq., our late representative in the Legislature. The talent and ability with which he represented us last winter insures him our suffrage for another term.
" Sent by Levi L. Tate. Universal education, the railroad to in- ternal improvement : may it go ahead and prosper.
" By Samuel Lucas. The Jefferson Blues : may they never be com- pelled to slavery while the soil yields fruit or the ocean rolls a wave.
" By George O. George. May we stand firm in the field of battle. undaunted and unshaken by the toils and dangers of a military life.
" By Joseph Chitister. Free and independent Blues : may love and unity prevail among us.
417
PIONEER HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNA.
" By D. Chitister. Our Constitution : may we all fearlessly support it while we are able to beat a drum or shoulder our arms.
" By John W. Carr. The farmers of Jefferson County who sold their grain out of the county last winter : may they have the pleasure of living on potatoes for three months.
" By David Vandyke. The Reform Convention : consists of many men, many minds, and I believe of birds of various kinds, a great singing and humming, and at least not much doing.
" By Thomas Dixon. The people of Jefferson County : may virtue, liberty, independence, ever be their polar star.
" By George Matthews. The volunteers of Pennsylvania : may they have but one object, that the good of their country.
" By William W. Stewart. Daniel Webster, a Democrat and Anti- Mason, and the best statesman in the United States : may he be chosen President in eighteen hundred and forty.
" By Thomas Dixon. Nicholas Biddle, Daniel Webster, Henry Clay, and others will find they have 'barked up the wrong sapling' in their efforts to underrate the virtue of Old Hickory in his dealings towards the United States Bank.
" By John T. Crow. The Jefferson Blues : may her members increase in number and in knowledge of military tactics, and may our next choice of a captain result in the selection of one who understands the first prin- ciples of military duties.
" By U. Matson. Short shoes and long corns to be the enemies of liberty.
" By J. S. Mccullough. May the Jefferson Blues be as gallant as the heroes of seventy-six under the gallant Washington.
"BY THE COMPANY.
" The Independence of the United States made the Fourth of July sixty-one years ago. Let us remember our leader Washington while we volunteer.
" The captain of our company : thanks to you for your good per- formance this day.
" May the Jefferson Blues be united unanimously, so that they may understand their duty to defend their country.
" May our company become more united together, and encourage one another to do their duty here and hereafter.
" The hero of Tippecanoe : may his name be handed down to pos- terity in letters of gold.
" (NOTE-QUERY .- Whether were the toasts drunk, or the persons by whom they were given ? We hope not the latter .- EDITORS Republican. )"
The martial bands at every celebration and muster kept constantly beating the tune of all tunes that delighted the pioneer,-viz. :
418
PIONEER HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNA.
" Yankee Doodle is the tune, Yankee doodle dandy ; How we made the redcoats run At Yankee doodle dandy !"
This tune was sometimes alternated with "The Girl I Left Behind Me."
AGREEMENT TO FORM COMPANY.
' The subscribers, whose names are hereunto affixed, agree to form themselves into a Volunteer Rifle Association, the name of which shall be the ' Jefferson Blues,' and have adopted the following constitution for our government :
" JEFFERSON BLUES' CONSTITUTION. (" Published by request. )
" ARTICLE I. Uniform .- Citizen's blue coat, white pantaloons, white vest, red belt, black hat, with red scarf trimmed with white tape or cord, black cockades, white plumes with red tops, and black leather stocks or handkerchiefs.
" ARTICLE 2. Time of Parade .- The company shall parade upon the three days appointed by law, fixing upon the tenth of September for the third, and as many times thereafter as a majority of the company shall parade. Notice of the time and place of each parade shall be pub- licly given by the orderly sergeant at least ten days previous to the time of the parade.
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