USA > Pennsylvania > Jefferson County > Brookville > A pioneer history of Jefferson county, Pennsylvania and my first recollections of Brookville, Pennsylvania, 1840-1843, when my feet were bare and my cheeks were brown > Part 66
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PIONEER HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNA.
John Mead, H. Reburger, Joseph Taylor, Joseph S. Hyde, Isaac Keefer, and Thomas Irwin-was appointed to draft resolutions.
In their absence, B. Rush Petriken and D. B. Jenks addressed the meeting at length.
A. I. Wilcox was appointed delegate to the 4th of March convention as representative delegate.
The committee returned and reported the following preamble and resolutions, which were unanimously adopted :
" WHEREAS, The sovereign power of this government, vested in the people of these United States, is again to be called into action in the choice of agents through whom this power is to be exercised, it becomes the pleasure and duty of freemen by a public expression of their will, to announce to the world the principle by which they will be governed in the selection of their agents, therefore,
" Resolved, That we will sustain our present administration in all its measures, and that we will support no man for office who will not carry out the same in principle and in detail.
" Resolved, That those who denounce the present war and give aid and comfort to the enemy secure for themselves present shame and eternal infamy.
" Resolved, That the Hon. James Buchanan, by his dintinguished services and unwavering fidelity to the principles of the Democratic party, has secured our entire confidence, and that we will reward him for his services by using our influence to secure his nomination for the Presi- dency ; and that our representatives be, and they are hereby instructed, to give him their support at the 4th of March convention.
" Resolved, That our delegates to the 4th of March convention be instructed to support Timothy Ives for canal commissioner.
" On motion, Resolved, That a copy of the foregoing resolutions be transmitted to John S. McCalmont and A. I. Wilcox.
" On motion, Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting be pub- lished in the Democratic Union at Harrisburg, and in all the Democratic papers in this senatorial district.
"On motion, Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting be signed by the officers.
" ISAAC HORTON, President. CHARLES HORTON, WV. A. SIMPSON, Secretaries. NATHANIEL HYATT, JOHN S. BROCKWAY, Vice Presidents."
660
PIONEER HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNA.
The pioneer court held in the county was at Caledonia, twenty miles east of Ridgway, on the Milesburg and Smethport turnpike, in Jay town- ship. The judges present were; Associates, James L. Gillis and Isaac Horton ; Prothonotary, etc., W. J. B. Andrews ; Commissioners, Reuben Winslow, Chauncey Brockway, and a Mr. Brooks. But little business was transacted. Attorneys present : George R. Barrett, Ben. R. Petriken, and Lewis B. Smith. The first court held in Ridgway was in the school- house, February 19, 1844, Alexander McCalmont, president judge ; Isaac Horton, associate judge ; and Eusebius Kincaid, sheriff.
The pioneer court crier was Nathaniel Hyatt, from Kersey, and, like everybody else in those days, was fond of attending court, for the sake of visiting, seeing the judge, telling stories, and "smiling with his neighbors."
Mr. Hyatt was a large man, peculiar, and had a coarse voice. Judge McCalmont, of Venango, was on the bench, a very easy-going, mild- mannered man.
One day, while the court was in session, Mr. Hyatt, in a loud tone of voice, was busy telling stories to his neighbors in the court-room. The judge thought there was a little too much noise, and, to personally repri- mand Mr. Hyatt, he commenced " a rapping, gently tapping, tapping" three times on the desk, and addressing Mr. Hyatt thus : "Crier, there is a little too much noise in court."
Promptly Mr. Hyatt responded by stamping his right foot violently on the floor, and, in his loud, coarse voice, exclaimed, " Let there be silence in court ! What the h- are you about ?"
EARLY RAILROADS.
The Sunbury and Erie Railroad, now the Philadelphia and Erie, was chartered April 3, 1837, but it was not until about 1852 that construc- tion was commenced, and it was not completed until about the fall of 1864.
In the speculative times of 1836 non-residents of then Jefferson County bought largely of the wild lands in and around Ridgway town- ship, which, of course, when railroad and other bubbles burst, was left on their hands. This land had been advertised to contain valuable iron ore and bituminous coal, and much of it could have been bought as late as 1851 at fifty cents an acre.
To build a railroad through a dense wilderness of worthless hemlock, ferocious beasts, gnats, and wintergreen berries, required a large purse and great courage. Of course, there was no subject talked about in the cabin homes of that locality so dear to the hearts of the pioneers as this railroad. Living, as they were, in the backwoods, they were perfectly excusable when the subject of railroads was broached, even if they did cut all kinds of fantastic tricks.
661
PIONEER HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNA.
The first railroad meeting held in Ridgway, Elk County, was in the fall of 1845. Gentlemen were present from Erie, Warren, Mckean, Centre, Philadelphia, and other counties. The deliberations were held in the old school-house, and there the road was constructed in words, as it was all through the seasons for years afterwards.
In any event, I suppose those railroad barons enjoyed themselves in Ridgway, and were fed on elk-steak for breakfast, blackberry-pie for dinner, speckled trout and bear meat for supper, with nothing stronger to drink than sassafras-tea. This generous diet, in sleep at least, would build railroads.
1852 was the railroad era. Engineers surveyed the route through Ridgway for the Allegheny Valley Railroad, the Venango Road, and the Sunbury and Erie Road. Numerous other railroads were talked about, --- viz., the Clearfield and the Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburg. In antici- pation of the completion of all these railroads, I suppose, the county commissioners, in September of this year, erected a stone wall around the jail-yard two feet thick and fourteen feet above the ground, and to civil- ize the Whistletown section for these iron horses, my old friend, B. F. Ely, Esq., in this month, killed three bears in fifteen minutes.
EARLY HOME OF THE WILD PIGEON.
In 1845, Ridgway township was the nesting and roosting home of the wild pigeon. There was a roost at or near what is now Bootjack, one near Whistletown, and another near Montmorenci. These big roosts were occupied early in April each year. They were usually four to five miles long and from one to two miles wide. Every tree would be occu- pied, some with fifty nests. The croakings of the pigeons could be heard for miles.
The wild pigeon laid one or two eggs, and both birds did their share of incubating, the female from two p.M. until nine A.M., and the male then to two P.M. These roosts were great feeding-places for animals as well as for man. As late as 1851 the American Express Company car- ried in one day, over the New York and Erie Railroad, over seven tons of pigeons to the New York markets. A wild pigeon can fly from five hundred to one thousand miles in a day.
Like the buffalo and elk of this region, the wild pigeon has been doomed.
662
INDEX.
Abolition meetings, 274; law, 268 Abolitionists, early, 275
Academy, 507 ; trustees of, 198 Advertisements, 623 Advocate, 626, 627, 644
Agriculture, pioneer, 152, 153 Algerines, 535 Allegheny Portage Railroad, 326; town, 58
Allegheny River lands, 48 American Anti-Slavery Society, 268
Amusements, 161, 440, 441, 479, 526, 530, 555 Animals, 88-100, 442; natural life of, 101 Apprentices, indentured, 284-296, 539 Armstrong, Colonel, 34 Armstrong, Jesse, 435-437
Assembly acts, 43, 48, 49, 50, 52, 54. 57, 60, 85, 87, 91, 124, 126, 130, 132, 136, 138, 141, 142, 191, 193, 194, 198, 200- 203, 205, 207, 210, 211, 214, 270, 272, 286-290, 304, 314, 340, 358, 360, 363, 365, 373, 375, 380, 384, 385, 421, 433, 459, 461, 470, 488, 489, 492, 496, 497, 499, 504, 550, 588, 611, 613, 646 Associate Reformed Church, 246 Atlee, Samuel John, 43 Atly, Lieutenant, 39 Audenried, Senator, 209
Backwoodsman, The, 412 Bald Eagle, 102, 126, 137, 140 Baltimore Conference, 253 Bank-note detector, 299, 553 Bank of Maryland, 297 Banks, pioneer, 298 Baptist church, 259-262 Barclay, Rev. David, 208 Barnett, Andrew, 120, 193, 195, 423 Barnett, Joseph, 9, 32, 84, 116, 117, 120, 121, 193, 195, 410, 570, 575
Barnett township, 460 Barring-out, 551 Barry, William T., 441
Bear-pen, 93
Bear-skins, 92
Beaver, county of, 58
Beaver dam, building of, 89
Beaver Meadow, SS
Beechwoods church, 242
Bee-hunting, 111-114
Bee-trees, 112 Bethel church, 237-239, 241
Bethesda church, 243
Bienville, Celeronde, 132
Bingham, William, So
Bird, Colonel, 169
Birds, 101-110, 158
Birthday, celebration of, 475-481
Blood, Cyrus, 472
Blood settlement, 474
Bonnecamp, Father, 132
Bounty, 90, 375, 379, 626
Braddock, General, 335
Braddock's road, 335
Brady, Captain, 30, 35 Breck, Senator, 209 Brick-yard, 455
Bridges, 328, 329, 453
Bridges and roads, county, 348, 357 Brodhead, General, 30
Brookville, 243, 558; church, 254 ; church mission, 260; Academy, 3So; Female Seminary, 380; Republican, 410; bor- ough, 496; pioneer resurrection, 598- 610
Brown, Major-General Jacob, 172 Bryan, George, 270 Building, raising a, 521 Burnside, Hon. Thomas, 323, 365, 366 Burnside, Judge William, 499 | Burrowes, Thomas H., 200, 214, 221
663
INDEX.
Campaign of 1864, 593-598 Canal, 326, 327 Candles, making of, 544 Canoe Place, 42 Canoes, 567 Carding-mill, 469 Carmalt, Isaac P., 2SI Catholic church, 262 Census, 206, 226, 227, 493, 537, 555 Centre Furnace, ISI
Chain-carriers, 84 Cherry Tree, 42, 79, 82 Chimney-sweeps, 503 Churches, 237-265, 433, . 459, 487,
632 Civil war, 268 Clark, William, 212 Clarke, Dr. A. M., 466 Clocks, 545 Clothes, 160, 161, 441 Clover, Judge Peter, 116 Clover, Levi G., 523 Clover township, 487 Coal, 228, 326, 479, 492, 495, 556, 630, 635 Coinage, first, 297 Coleman, Professor J. M., 198 Colonial records, 29 Commissioners, auditors, and collectors, names of, 195 Concord church, 243 Conewango Creek lands, 4S Congress, 297 Constables, early, 223, 224, 226, 367 Continental Congress, 44, 269 Conventions, 305, 306, 307 Convictions, 426 Cooking, 527, 528 Cooper, Benjamin B., 451 Cooper lands, 451 Copper, 28 Cornplanter, 560-565 Counties, 48, 185, 186, 191, 192, 332, 333 County rates, 207 ; seat, 58 County seat fight, 649-659 Courts, 364, 365, 553 Court-houses, 473, 513, 530 Coxson John K., 28 Crawford Weekly Messenger, 342 Cumberland church, 244
Delaware Indians, 16, IS, 21-23, 27, 30, 31, 71. 72, 74, 79, 129, 130, 183, 229, 231, 233, 335, 511 Dental College, 554 Deputy surveyors, 51, 53, 54, 57-59, 82-84 Dinwiddie, Governor, 115 Dissection, 604, 606
Distillery, 121, 423, 523
District lines, 79-88 Dixon, John, 616 Doctor, description of, 393 Drainage, ISS
Dress, 153, 154
Drink, 160
Eagles, golden, 103 Early, Dr. C. R., 635 Earthquake, 422 Eclipse of the sun, 422
Education, acts, 201-204; law of ISog, 203 ; general system of, 207 ; committee on, 209, 210; of women, 548 Ejectment, 157 Eldred township, 470
Elections, 210, 211, 304, 305, 422, 428, 433, 434, 454, 456, 461. 469, 481, 486, 4SS, 489, 492, 493, 497, 498. 505, 538, 539, 540 Electors, 211, 212, 433 Eik, county of, 454 Ellicott, Andrew, 127, 138 Ellicott, Joseph, 127
England, common law of, 172, 173
Erie Conference, 253, 254 Erie triangle, purchase of, 57 Ettwein, Rev. John, 41, 234, 237 Express business, 228
Factory, woollen, 491; furniture, 501 ; harness, 501 Fair-Play Men, 49 Farming implements, 152, 157 Fawns, capture of, 96 Female workers, 548 Fence law, 151 ; viewers, 489 Fenton, Colonel James, 172 Fetterman, N. B., 209 Fields, Rev. Mr .. 237 Findlay, James, 212 Fines for misdemeanors, 425-427 Fireplace in 1840, 527 664
INDEX.
First steamer, 269 Fish, kinds of, 158 Five Nations, 27, 28, 78 Fleming, John, 143 Flint, uses of, 26 Floods, 134 Flour, 28; mill, 500 Fogle, Mother, 256 Forbes, General John, 338 Forbes road, 338; trail, 137 Forest-trees, 190
Fort Bedford, 39; Duquesne, 30, 35, 335 ; Franklin, 560; Granville, 184; Harmar, 560 ; Le Bœuf, 58, 59 ; Ligonier, 36, 39 ; McIntosh, 46, 57, 60, 70, 71, 75, 79, So ; Pitt, 57, 58, 137, 138, 335 ; Potter, HIS; Stanwix, 42, 44, 45, 46, 48, 60, 61, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 79, 560 ; Venango, 32, 183, 230
Forts, magazines, and dock-yards, 59 Foundry, pioneer, 501
Fourth of July, 162, 321, 417, 543, 632-635 Fox, George, 143 Franklin, Benjamin, 52; house, 320, 321 French and Indian war, 30 French Creek, 59 Friedenschnetten, mission settlement at, 233 Friedenstadt, mission established at, 234 Frolic, kicking, 442 Fruits, 159 Fulton steamboat, 22S Furs, price of, 99
Gaskill, Charles C., S7, SS, 123 Gaskill township, 488 Game, 122 Gazette, The, 409 Geiger, Lieutenant, 39 General Assembly, report of, 45 Geological structure, 190, 191 Germans, importation of, 289, 291, 294 German Redemptioners, 291, 294, 295, 296; settlement, 454 Gigging, 158 Gillis, Hon. James L., 447, 526, 627 Girard College, 209 Gist, Christopher, 334 Government, Proprietary, So Graham, M. Elijah, 84, 169 Grampian Hills, 440 -
43
Grand jurors, 366 Graveyards, 85, 122, 238, 241, 424, 425, 469, 489, 492, 502 Grist-mill, 429, 433, 447, 467, 469, 491, 492, 501, 566, 571, 622
Habits of game, 589-591 Hail-storm, 422 Hall, Thomas, 531 Hamilton, Alexander, 296 Harmer, Colonel, 57
Harris Ferry, 40 Harvest-time, 152 Hawkins, Sir John, 268 Haying, 153 Heath, Judge, 208, 531
Heck, Barbara, 252 Heckewelder, Rev. John, 40, 232 Henderson, Judge, 526
Highways, 371, 383; supervisor of, 202 Hoffman, Dr. Fred., 168 Holland Land Company, 86, 87, 168, 567 Hollow-eve, 545 Honey, securing of, 114 Horse-racing, 454, 458 Hotels, 433, 514, 532 Houses, early, 558, 559
Hunters, 430, 453, 466, 472, 475, 491, 513, 576, 585, 586, 588, 589, 625, 626 Hunting, still-, 98 Hurly-burly, 164 Hutchinson, Joseph, 120, 121, 151, 423
Incidents, interesting, 227-229 Independent Greens, 542
Indi n, rulers of tribes, 12, 13; heirship, 13; religion, family relations, 14; fu- meral customs, 15, 16; bark-peeling, 16; hut-building, 16, 17; marriage, IS; travelling, 18, 19; amusements, 19; war-dance, 19, 20; medical customs, 20, 21; wars, weapons, 21-24, 335; declaration of war, 22, 23; canoe, run- ners, antiquities, 25; household and war implements, 24-26; intemperance, 27, 29, 30; trails, 28, 115, 116, IS2, IS3; council, 30; corn, 32; captives, 35, 116, 122, 184 ; relics, 32, 538; con- ference, 45; deed of lands, 46, 68; claims, 48; treaties, 29, 60-78, 79; price for land, So
665
INDEX.
Indiana American, 410 Indiana Free Press, 457
Indians, families of Iroquois, 12-32; last ramble among, 26; Virginia, 26 Ingersoll, General, 56
Institution for insane, 269
Irish settlement, 247, 248 Iron Bar Ripple, 182
Iron ore, ISO, 492; furnace, ISI ; ship- ping, ISI, 182 Iroquois Indians, 12-32
Irvine, General William, 59, 60, 127, 138
Jack, Judge William, 523 Jefferson Blues, 416, 417, 419, 420; church, 247
Jefferson County, 371, 372, 375-380; Graphic, topography, 121 ; rattlesnake, 167 ; area, name, IS5 ; map, 186 ; geog- raphy, 187; jails, 198, 239, 513, 531; year of 1816, flood, 227 ; officials, 302; description of, 311, 312 ; statistical table, 312; taxable inhabitants, 315; land, 322; townships of, 381-383; highways of, 383-391 Jefferson, Thomas, 57, 152, 296 Jeffersonian, The, 321, 409 Jenks, Dr. John W., 391 Jenks, Judge W. P., 391 Jenks township, 471 Jews, slavery among the, 267 Johnson, Francis, 43 Jones, Jolın, 569 Juniata iron, 181 Jurors, grand, 366 Justice of the peace, 202, 307, 308, 425, 452 Justice, seat of, 193, 377
Keystone State, 122 Knapp, Moses, 566 Knox, John, 199 Kyler, Jesse, 635
Land, fraudulent sale of, 40; purchase, 42 ; grants to associations, 51 ; laws, 55 ; office established, So; holders, SI ; ele- vation of, ISS; deed, 195; owners, 54[ Lawanakanuck mission, 233 Law of 1834, 212, 219; of 1806, 90; of 1809, 203; of 1705, 588 Lawrence, Joseph, 214
Laws, pioneer, 371 ; pamphlet, 315 Lawyers, 366, 369, 37℃, 624
Legal rights of married women, 172, 547 Le Roy, Marie, and Barbara Leininger, 32-40 Letter postage, 478
Letters, 43, 81-84, 138, 139, 144, 146, 170, 171, 279, 544, 594 Life, description of, 119, 120, 485, 528, 529, 553 Light, artificial, 157, 480, 503
Lincoln story, a, 594
Linen, making of, 154 Liquor introduced, 29 Local history, 593 Log church, old, 239, 241
Logging, 150
Long, Bill, 576-584
Lottery warrants, SI, 85; land-office, 50
Lumber, 459, 468
Lumbering, 532, 533
Luther, Martin, 199 Lutheran Church, 265
Maclay, William, 43 Magna Charta, 269
Mail route, 341, 343, 345, 447 ; coach, 339 Mails, 503, 544; robbery of, 345
Manufactures, 541
Map, 80, 186
Maple-sugar industry, 178-ISo ; camp, 178 Marshall, Chief Justice, 56, 86
Marshall, Joseph, 130
Maryland, Bank of, 297
Mason and Dixon line, 430
Mass-meeting, 597 Matches, making of, 228
McCalmont, Judge, 545
McClelland, Major William, 169
McGarraugh, Rev. Robert, 258 McKean, Governor Thomas, 144, 146, 192 McKnight, Alexander, 313, 500 McKnight, W. J., 645 Mead, David, 116
Meade's trail, 115, 116, 121, 137, 424, 575 Meats, 158 Medical society, 394; college, 269 Mercer, Colonel, 39 Methodism, 252 Methodist Episcopal Church, 255 Methodist paper, 253
666
INDEX.
Mifflin, Thomas, 138 Mile, Lieutenant, 39 Mile-stones, 359 Military officers, 417; company, 434
Militia, 137, 522; company, 415, 487 ; drills, 416
Mill Creek, 120, 165, 239, 260
Mills, 123, 228, 246, 424, 429, 433, 447,
448, 449, 452, 455, 456, 459, 461, 467, 469, 481, 487, 491, 492, 500, 501, 566, 568, 570, 571, 631
Ministers, early, 239-256, 259-262, 265, 266, 391, 392, 423, 474, 484, 524, 625 Ministers' salaries, 239, 256, 257 Mint, establishment of, 296 Missions established, 40
Mitchell, Judge, 28 Mitchell, Thomas Sharp, 431, 432 Montour's Island, 60 Morgan, William, 447
Mormon Church, 264
Mormonism, 264 Morris, Robert, So, 86, 296 Morrow's freight line, 517, 519 Mowers, 153 Music teachers, 538
Napoleon, 172 National bank, 269 Newbold, Charles, inventor of plough, 152 Newlanders, 284 New Rehoboth and Licking church, 243 Newspapers, 407-409, 541 Nicholson, John, 80 North American Land Company, 55 Northumberland County Lottery Warrants,
51 Noshaken, legend of, 31
Occupations of the people, 154 Ocean voyage, 479 Olean road, 384 Overseers of the poor, 201, 202
Pamphlet laws, 315 Paradise township, 493 Patton, Colonel John, ISO Peale, Charles W., 554 Penn, William, 29, 81, 185, 617; treaty with Indians, government land granted, 78
Penn's arrival in 1682, 27 Penn's Valley, 118
Pennsylvania, 78, 268-270; population, 330, 331, 479; common school law, 200; mint, 269; canal, 322 Pennsylvania Canal and Railroad, 207, 322 Pennsylvania Population Company, 55, 56; trustees for, 56 Perry church, 243 Perry, Commodore, 430
Perry township, 430 Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad, 326 Philadelphia Gazette, 345
Philadelphia mint, 297
Phillips, James, 143 Physicians, 446, 487, 525, 637, 638
Pigeon-roosts, 108, 662
Pine Creek township, 421
Pioneer, surveys and surveyors, 78-88 ; animals, 88-100; hunters, 89-94, 96, 100; trapping, 93; settlement, 116; settlers, 120, 121, 423; explorers, cabin and mill, 120; tailors, 153 ; wagons, 153, 531 ; homes and mode of life, 154-163 ; days, 160; tools, 169 ; songs, 174, 176; singing masters, 175; transportation, ISI; court-house, 197; academy, 198, 507; licenses, 222, 223; constables, 223 ; telegram, gas, steam-vessels, strike, 228; thanksgiving days, 229; mission- ary work, 229-237 ; churches, 237-266; circuit riders, 253, 254, 256; temper- ance society, 253; meetings, 257-259 ; train, 269; mill, 288; money, 296; banks, 298 ; appeals, 310 ; county bridge, 328, 329; counties, 332, 333; trading house, 334; coach, 338, 339 ; taverns, 362, 434, 456, 474, 502, 571; courts, 364, 365 ; bar, 364; lawyers, 366; ses- sion, 366; highways, 371 ; physicians, 391-395; society, 394, 395; townships, 396; newspaper, 407-409, 412; print- ing-office, 410; militia regiment, 414- 416; military volunteer company, 416, 434 ; musters, 416 ; marriage, 423 ; hotel, 433 ; tanneries, 448, 449, 502 ; railroad, 452; coal trade, 462; flat-boats, 463- 465 ; training-day, 479; census, 493 ; fire-engine, 501 ; court, 662
Pioneers, names of, 9; first white, 32; ancestry of, 187
667
INDEX.
Pisgah church, 239, 241, 242
Pittsburg, 335, 630; Conference, 253; coal trade, 462 Political meeting, 659 Politics of the county, 525 Poll-evil, 536
Population, 184, 185, 206, 330, 331 Port Barnett, 32, 117, 120, 122, 133, 146, ISI, 237, 428
Porter township, 486
Post, Rev. C. Frederick, 36, 229-231
Post road, 345 ; office, 340-346, 474, 647, 648; route, 439, 440, 468, 647
Postage, 342, 345, 544 ; stamps, 346
Post's journal, 230, 231
Potter, Fort, HIS
Presbyterian Church, 237
Presbytery, 238, 241, 246 Presque Isle, 57, 58, 126, 137, 138, 139 Priest, pioneer, 263 Primogeniture, 269 Printing-office, 510 Public buildings, 377
Puma, description of, 90
Punxsutawney, 440; church, 245, 261 Puritans, 199 Purvis, Robert, 275
Rabbits, 526 Rafting season, 134 Raftmen, 134-136
Railroad collision, 314 ; pioneer train, 269; history, 661, 662 Railroads, 478 Rattlesnakes, 165, 166, 169
Red Bank, 27, 129, 132, 181, 182, 189, 383
Registry office, 288 Reptiles and snakes, 165
Republican party, 269; celebration, 316- 319; organization, 619-621
Reservations, 57 Revolutionary war, expenses of, 541 Rewards, 278, 315, 539, 574 Richland church, 243 Ridgway, 453; township, 444; mission, 256; early history, 621 Ridgway, Jacob, 444 Rittenhouse, David, 297 Rivers and creeks, 129-137
Road, 137-149, 425, 429, 446, 449, 575 ; expenses, 129; appropriation, 139; di- rection, 144, 145; review, 146, 147; tax, 360, 363, 374, 378 ; obstruction, 364 Roads, 116, 379; opening of, 124-129; improvement of, 148; petitions for, 347, 348 ; roads and county bridges, 348-357, 384-391 Rockland church, 243 Rodgers, Major William, 182 Roth, John, 234, 237
Salaries of teachers, 209, 216, 218, 220, 228, 530 Salem, Peter, 269 Salt territory, 487 Sand spring, 32
Saturday, observance of, 195
Saw-mills, 123, 428, 429, 433, 448, 452, 453, 455, 456, 459, 461, 469, 481, 487, 491, 500, 501, 566, 568, 570, 622 Schooling, price of, 208, 209
School-masters, 121, 208, 209, 216, 452, 474, 482, 491, 506, 507, 519, 549, 551, 552, 616, 617, 623, 624, 640, 641
Schools, 121, 208, 209, 216-222, 425, 428, 433, 452, 459, 471, 483, 501, 505, 549, 616, 617; Sunday, 242, 252, 483, 624 ; manual training, 210
School system, 199; law, 200, 212; tax, 202, 207, 221 ; fund, 200, 207, 210, 214, 221, 552; discipline, 204, 550; meet- ing, 204 ; trustees, 204, 380 ; text-books, 205, 208, 216, 218, 549, 552 ; organizers, 208, 209, 216, 219, 452; directors, 211, 212, 216, 219, 507, 508, 538; age, 213; inspectors, 213, 214, 219; attendance, 216; convention, 220; superintendents, 471, 483 Scotch-Irish, 299, 300 Scott, Samuel, 120, 423 Screw factory, IS2 Session, pioneer, 366 Settlements, 173 Settler, pioneer colored, 272 Settlers, early. 85, 115-124, 334, 362, 424, 425, 428, 430, 431, 433, 434, 435, 437, 444, 446, 447, 448, 452, 455, 460, 467, 469-471, 474, 481, 486, 487, 488, 490- 492, 500, 536, 537, 626 Sheriff, 210, 21 I
668
INDEX.
Shingle-weavers, 541 Shippen, Judge, 29, 429 Shoemakers, 153 Shooting stars, 32 Shulze, Governor John A., 134, 551
Silver, 28
Six Nations, 12. 27, 29, 30, 42, 44, 46, 57, 60, 63, 66, 68, 69, 72-74, 79, 116, 234, 563, 565
Slavery, 266-268, 480, 537; act for the | gradual abolition of, 270 Slave traffic and trade, 276
Slaves, 268, 275: 282, 283, 294
Smith, Captain John, 26
Smith, Joseph, 264 Smith, Senator, 209
Snow Shoe, IS2 Snow storm, 636 Snyder, Governor Simon, 149, 204, 466
Snyder township, 465 Soldiers of 1812, 169-172
South Side pioneers, 438
Spelling-bee, 508 Spinning, 160 Stage coach, 338, 361 ; line, 515, 516, 627-630 St. Clair, General, 57 St. John's Church, 265 Star-Spangled Banner, 269 State roads, 137-149, 384-391 Steamboat, 567
Stevens, Thaddeus, 209, 213 Stores, 495 Sugar, 146; making, 572 Sunday-schools, 242, 252, 483
Surveys and surveyors, 51, 53, 54, 57-59, S2-84, 140 Susquehanna and Waterford Turnpike, ISI, 384, 515 Swiss settlers, 291
Tailors, 153 Tanneries, 448, 495, 502 Taverns, 362, 434, 456, 474, 502, 571 Tax, 207, 562 Taxables, 177, 178, 396-406, 422, 430, 434, 444, 454, 466, 490, 658 Teachers, salaries of, 209, 216, 218, 220, 228, 550 ; institute, 614-619, 641-643 Telegram, pioneer, 228 Temperance society, 253, 325, 485
Text-books, 205, 208, 216, 218, 549, 552, 617 Thanksgiving days, 229 Timber, 128, 132, 150, 429, 492 ; raft, 429, 627 Titles and surveys, 78-88 Tobacco, 146 Toby's Creek, 133, 136, 449 Toll-gate, 359 Toll-gatherers, 360
Tolls, 360
Town lots, 58; surveys, 58, 59
Townships, 215, 396-402, 404, 405, 406, 444, 465, 493, 495, 630, 646
Trading house, 334 Trails, 28, 115, 116, 182, 183
Training-day, 479
Trapping, 93 Travis, William, 130 Treaties, 29, 60-78, 79, 335, 560
Trees, 164, 165 Tschechsehequanink mission, 234 Turkey, wild, 159 Turnpike companies, 387-389
Turnpikes, 138, 358-360, 363, 372, 374
Underground railroad, 273, 281, 284, 531 United Presbyterian Church, 245 United States, first coinage of, 297
Volunteer Rifle Association, 416
Wagons, 153, 531 War, cost of, 172 Warsaw township, 490 Washington, George, 57, 115, 169, 296, 335, 336, 480
i Washington township, 474
Water routes, 326; works, 546
Wayne's treaty, 560
Weddings, 161, 162
Weiser, Captain, 39 Weiser, Conrad, 44 Weiser, Samuel, 44 Wesley, John, 252
Westmoreland County, officials of, 302-304
Wheat, price of, 146, 151
White, Jacob C, 275 White, Rev. William, 232 Wild pigeon, 662 Wilkins, General, 139
669
INDEX.
Wilson, George, 127 Windmills, 153
Wolf, Governor George, 131, 200, 205, 212, 378, 551 Wolf-pen, 93 Women lawyers, 548
Wood, Jethro, improvement in plough, 152 Wood, Major James, 172
Wright, William, 274 Wyalusing, 40, 233, 234
Yeates, Judge, 86 Young, Brigham, 264 Young township, 434
Zeisberger, Rev. David, 40, 232 Zion Church, 262
THE END.
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