USA > Pennsylvania > Bucks County > History of Bucks County, Pennsylvania: From the Discovery of the Delaware to the Present Time (Volume 1 and 2) > Part 45
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The old Keichline tavern, at the intersection of the Durham and Easton roads, Bedminster, has been as noted in its day as any inn in the upper end of the county. The centre building was erected about 1759, the parlor and dining- room were added, 1784, and the kitchen and a small room at the west end, 1790 and 1801. Colonel George Piper was its landlord from 1778 to his death, 1823, when he was succeeded by Jacob Keichline, who married his daughter and was likewise its landlord to his death, 1861. Their occupancy extended through eighty-three years, which cannot be said of any other tavern in the county. During this long period it sheltered many of the most dis- tinguished men of the eighteenth century, among them may be mentioned Gen- eral Wayne, Franklin, Mifflin, Timothy Pickering, Robert Morris, Doctor Rush, Chief-Justice Tilghman, Bishop White, Rev. Doctor Muhlenberg and
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others. Timothy Matlack cut his name on the railing of the upper porch, which was still there when it was taken down in 1827. During the yellow fever, 1798 Mayor Wharton, Philadelphia, and his family boarded there, and Stephen Girard made it his stopping-place on his way to Bethlehem. George Taylor, the Signer, was a frequent guest of Colonel Piper as was also William Allen. Colonels John and Thomas Cadwalader,6 stopped at the inn while on their gunning excursions along the Tohickon, sometimes accompanied by William Logan and Casper Wister, and Joseph Bonaparte, with his entire suite, boarded there two weeks. He brought with him his own cook and plate, and the land- lord only furnished the meats and vegetables, which his servants prepared for the palate of the ex-king. Colonel Piper was widely and favorably known, and during the Revolution was at one time in command of the American out- posts near Milestown. While the Colonel was absent one day at Newtown, leaving only his wife, children and a hired man at home, Gibson and Geddis, two supposed confederates of the Doanes, came to the inn while Mrs. P. was ironing. Geddes put his booted foot into a pan of buckwheat batter, when she threw a flat-iron at him, breaking his arm near the shoulder. He tried to strike her with his loaded whip, but she retreated into a side room, got her husband's sword and drove the ruffian from the house. The broken arm was set by Doctor Shaffer, who boarded at George Fox's a mile and a half below the tavern. Geddis brought suit against Mrs. Piper for damages, but was afraid to prosecute it. Gibson was the same who shot Moses Doane after his capture at the cabin. It is said of this partiotic woman, that during the Revo- tionary war she gave her husband her entire fortune received from her father's estate, three hundred and twenty-five pounds in gold, to purchase shoes and clothing for his company. It was buried in the cellar of the tavern in an earth- ern pot, and was dug up and carried to camp. It was replaced by Continental money that became worthless. Jacob Keichline and wife were both popular, and while they kept the house it was much frequented. They were both warm Democrats. Mrs. Keichline, a plain German woman, was a born politician, and took to it like Richelieu to state craft. Many an anxious candidate for office received timely advice from her which helped his fortunes. Candidates going up county from below rarely failed to stop and have a chat with the astute landlady.7 The Black Horse inn, at Tullytown, Falls township, is one of the oldest public house in lower Bucks. The building was erected by John W. Tully,8 1794, and the first license applied for and granted to Tully, the
6 The Keichline Mss. tells the following story of Colonel Thomas Cadwalader. While stopping at the inn, 1828, with Sebastian Logan, enjoying their favorite amuse- ment, gunning, they were out one morning after a covey of partridges. Having occasion to cross one of Tinsman's fields, they saw a big black bull making for them when about the middle and bellowing at a furious rate. As all retreat was cut off there was no alter- native but stand their ground, and when the bull got within convenient distance Cad- walader fired the contents of his double-barreled shot gun into the head and face of the animal. Shaking his head he beat a hasty retreat minus one eye. This little adventure cost the Colonel $10.
7 In a recent year the old inn was replaced by a new one on the opposite or south west corner, with modern appliances. Few public houses in the county have more history clinging to its memory.
8 John W. Tully we believe to have been a descendant of John Tully, an original settler in Falls, and the father of John Tully, a private in Captain Robert Patterson's company, Colonel John Keller's regiment, Bucks County Militia. It was in active service in the summer and fall of 1781.
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builder and owner, 1795. The town was named after him, and the house then given the name it now bears. From that time to the present the inn has been in continuous license without a break. Tully kept the house until 1809, when the license was issued to Thomas Cheston, and, from that time to the present, the following landlords have ruled over the destinies of the Black Horse: Cheston, 1809-1819; Captain Hutchinson, 1819-1826; Elijah Scattergood, 1826-1830, Benjamin Morris, 1830-1835; William Scott, 1835-1840; Jonathan Thomas, 1840-1846; Elizabeth Thomas, 1846-1848; Jackson Hutchinson, 1848-1854; Frank Swan, 1854-1857: Herbert Randall, 1857-1858; Frank Swan, 1858-1860; William R. Wright. 1860-1879; Benjamin M. Worthing- ton, 1879-1893; and Henry W. Lovett, the late owner, occupied the house from 1893 to his death, 1903. The house has had fifteen landlords in the one hundred and seven years since first licensed. For a number of years the Black Horse was headquarters for the overland stages from New York to Phil- adelphia, the passengers being here transferred to a steamboat which conveyed them down the Delaware to the latter city. In former times it was a great re- sort, and is yet much frequented, by fishermen and sportsmen from Philadel- phia, Trenton and elsewhere, its nearness to the river being of especial advant- age to those given to the piscatorial art.
There were public houses at Bristol among the earliest in the county. We know there was at least one there as early as 1705. In 1730 the Ferry house, corner of Mill and Radcliff streets, was kept by one Patrick O'Hanlin. The Delaware house, which stands on its site, was built by Charles Bessonett, 1765, and had a likeness of George the Third emblazoned on its sign. A few years later there were four public houses in Bristol-one by Mrs. Jackson on Bath street, the Rising Sun, by Robert Rees, on Mill street, the King of Prussia, by John Dowd, corner of Mill and Pond streets, and Bessonett's George the Third, then kept by his son John. During the Revolutionary war a regiment of troops passing through Bristol gave the King of Prussia three cheers, while they saluted his Majesty of England with volley after volley until the sign was riddled and fell out of its frame. In 1785 Archibald McElroy built and opened a public house called the Cross Keys, which was sold in 1857 and recently owned by Samuel Pike and occupied as a dwelling and store. In 1757 a detach- ment of British troops passing through Bristol to winter-quarters, being too numerous to find accommodations in the taverns, were quartered in the old courthouse. In 1758 the tavern at Gardenville, Plumstead township, was called "The Plough," and Stoffel Wagoner was still keeping a tavern on the Bethlehem road, two miles over the county line in what is now Northampton county where he had been for several years. The Plough was an agricultural sign, and probably originated in farmers visiting the public house where it first swung. The Harrow no doubt had the same origin. They are frequently joined together as "The Plough and Harrow."
In their day no taverns in the county were more noted than the Anchor, Wrightstown, Black Bear, Northampton, and the Buck, Southampton. The bear was carly made choice of for a tavern sign. For centuries the Bear inn was a celebrated tavern at the foot of London bridge, and in the time of Richard the Third it was the resort of aristocratic pleasure-seekers. Probably the first White Bear was named after this animal. Henry the Third received one as a present from the king of Norway, 1252. There were also Black Bears. The first mention of the buck for a sign was when used in London by John Buckland, bookseller. It was the habit at that day to use signs that were puns upon their owners' names-sometimes taking all or part, and Buckland
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was content with half a pun. At these two old hostelries lovers of fun and frolic "most did congregate." and, in winter time, they were visited by many sleighing parties. The Bear was the headquarters for the local politicians for miles around. There was a tavern at this place early; and nearly a century ago it was known as "Leedom's." For many years the volunteer trainings, which brought out a large crowd, alternated between the Bear and Newtown, when the war-like manoeuvres were varied with horse-racings, fights, and other athletic games. The little stone structure at the north end of the tavern was built by Richard Leedom at an early day, which he kept as a public house sev- eral years. About a hundred years ago he put up the main building, in which a tavern is still kept, but much improved. Mr. Leedom acquired a large real estate in the vicinity which was inherited by his descendants. Mahlon Miller was the landlord at the Bear for thirty-two years. The Buck was an outpost of the Bear, where the rollicking crowd would resort when they found a change of base necessary, and they never failed to make times lively. The Anchor was kept by John Parker, 1800, and known as "Parker's" but we do not know when the name "Anchor" was given to it. The Buck tavern was called by this
name, 1795. The tavern at Centreville, Buckingham, has been noted in its day, and considerably more than a century of years whitens its memory. Sit- uated at the junction of the Durham and York roads, the carly highway from the upper Delaware and New Jersey. to the Schuylkill and Philadelphia, it was much frequented by travelers. Henry Jamison was the landlord one hundred and twenty-five years ago, and was succeeded by John Bogart," who married his widow and watched over its destinies through the Revolutionary struggle. The Bucks county committee of safety had frequent meetings under its roof, from 1774 to 1778, and General Greene had his headquarters there at one time. In turn it has been called many names after the persons who kept it. Cornelius Vanhorne and John Marple dissolved their co-partnership in September, 1808. and Matthew Hale was its landlord. 1816. Recent repairs give the old building a modern appearance.
The "White Horse." Nockamixon. one of the most noted inns in the up- per end of the county, was established by Captain Nicholas Buck, 1809. The sign before the door was emblazoned with a white horse in full military trap- pings. The captain being a leading man in that section, the "White Horse" was the centre of the social, political. and military life of the neighborhood. There the annual spring and fall trainings of the uniformed militia were held, bringing together a large concourse of spectators. When the property was ad- vertised for sale, after the death of Mr. Buck, 1830, the notice run as follows : "A highly valuable stand on the stage road from Easton to Philadelphia, at the intersection of the Easton.& Durham roads, eight miles from Doylestown, the same from Easton and Bethlehem, and three from the Delaware canals. A daily line of stages change and the passengers dine here and the post office is in
9 Bogart, an old Holland name in early provincial times, was spelled to suit the fancy of the writer : Boogaert, Bogaert, Boogart, Boogert, etc. It is frequently met with in New York. Bergen's "King's County (N. Y.) Settlers," says the common ancestor was Tunis Gysbertse Bogart, of Heikoos, Province of Utrecht, Holland, who came to Amer- ica, 1652. He married twice, the second time, November, 1687, while living at Walaboch, (Wallabout), site of the Brooklyn Navy Yard. John Bogart, who kept the Centreville tavern, 1774-78, may have been a descendant of Tunis Gysbertse Bogart. The Recorder's office shows that John Bogart, innkeeper, 1777, sold 156 acres, running to Buckingham mountain, to William Bennett. Sarah Bogarth, Southampton, died in 1791.
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the building. There is a new barn, three sheds with stabling, a well, two never-failing springs, apple orchard with excellent meadow and woodland." The Bucks were noted as tavern keepers. Besides Captain Nicholas, his son, Major Jacob was landlord of the "Sorrel Horse," the present Revere, the Bear tavern, Red Hill; his brother John the "Sorrel Horse," and subsequently the "Green Tree," Jenkintown, Montgomery county.
Just when Sellers's tavern was built and first licensed is not definitely known. It was probably erected by Samuel Sellers,1º who kept it in 1800, a son of Philip Henry Soller, prior to 1780. He was one of the first of the name in the county, and there his son Thomas was born in 1787. The original struc- ture was a small square stone house, two stories and an attic. The inside finish was quaint, with moulding and carvings of the period and small window panes. On the death of Samuel Sellers, his son Thomas became owner of the tavern and kept it for a long time with the store and post office. He was ap- pointed postmaster in 1820, and the office was called "Sellers' Tavern" to 1866, when the name was changed to Sellersville. The house stands on what was part of the Sellers' farm. Being on the old Bethlehem road, one of the highways between the Lehigh and Philadelphia, it was a point of importance and long remained so. The troops to quell the Fries Rebellion, 1799, had their rendezvous at "Sellers' Tavern." The tavern at Warminster was popular in its day and the resort of sportsmen three quarters of a century ago when it was kept by Thomas Beans, a great horseman. When an inn was first licensed there we do not know, but as early as 1758, it was called "Dilworth's tavern." Beans caused a half-mile track to be laid out on the Street road below the York road, where races came off several times a year. He had a track on his farm, but was closed by order of the court, when he resorted to the road. The races drew a large crowd of men and boys, and were very demoralizing in their in- fluence. Occasionally serious accidents happened, and one or two men were killed. At Mr. Beans' death the practice fell into disuse, and the racing fra- ternity transferred their headquarters to some other locality. Mr. Beans kept this tavern as early as 1800. To this date there were seventy-eight licensed houses in the county. We have not been able to collect much information as to the amount of revenue tavern licenses yielded to the county in the past. By accident we fell upon the receipts for 1799 and 1800; for the former year they amounted to $341.75 from forty-three licensed houses, and for the latter year $443.67 paid by fifty-one taverns.
10 Samuel Sellers was a prominent man in his day; was sheriff, member of the Legislature, and held other offices. Cornelius Sellers, a member of the family was elected Sheriff, 1836. It was the stopping place of the Bethlehem stages until the North Pertn- sylvania Railroad was opened, in 1856. From Thomas Sellers, the landlords have been Peter Knechel, Amos Jacob, Simon Jacoby, Harvy Jacoby, Thomas Kerns, Samuel Binder, Abram W. Reiff, James Bahl, W. C. Cressman and C. M. Cressman.
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CHAPTER XXV.
1
THE COUNTY MILITARY; SOCIETIES, ETC.
Martial spirit in Bucks .- Troops in French war .- Militia organization .- First volunteer · company .- Washington met at Trenton .- Companies organized .- War of 1812 .- Troops march to camp .- Captain Purdy's company .- Captain Magill's .- Majors Shelmire and Hart .- Camps Dupont and Marcus Hook .- Colonel Humphrey's regi- ment .- Bucks county in civil war .- General Ward B. Burnett .- Volunteer encamp- ments .- Bucks County Bible Society .- Agricultural societies .- Mowers and reapers .- First horse rake .- Agricultural wealth .- The creamery industry .- Beek's exhibition. -Medical and Historical Societies .- Visit of Lafayette .- Poisoning of Doctor Chap- man .- Mina.
A martial spirit prevailed in Bucks county notwithstanding the prevail- ing sentiment of the Friends was against it, and, whenever the occasion re- quired, her citizens turned out to defend the frontiers from the Indians.1 In 1755 her volunteers were the first to go to the rescue of Bethlehem and the neighboring settlements. The first company to march was Captain Wilson's, sixty strong, the last of November, and in December, Captains Asten and Wayne followed him. The seventeenth of January, 1756, Franklin, then Colonel of a regiment, ordered Captain Jacob Arndt,2 from "Rockland in Bucks,"' to the frontier near Bethlehem. In the French and Indian war nine associated companies, numbering five hundred and thirteen men, were organ- ized in Bucks county, some of which were called into service on the frontiers. They were officered as follows :
I.
Alexander Graydon, captain. Matthias Keen, lieutenant. John Priestly, ensign. Privates, fifty.
2.
Henry Kræsen, captain.
Josiah Vansant, lieutenant.
Andrew VanBuskirk, ensign.
Privates, fifty.
I The first attempt to organize a militia in this state was in June, 1702, in the absence of William Penn, when a company was organized in Philadelphia, commanded by George Lowther, on the occasion of war with France.
2 Captain Arndt was a popular and energetic officer in the Indian wars, and a member of the Supreme Executive Council during the Revolution. He died at Easton in 1805, whither he had removed.
3 Rockhill township.
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3.
Jacob Arndt, captain. Anthony Miller, lieutenant. Nicholas Conrad, ensign. Privates, thirty-three.
4. William Ramsey, captain. John Johnson, lieutenant. John Adams, ensign. Privates, fifty-six.
5.
. Henry Lott, captain. Garrett Wynkoop, lieutenant. Lefford Leffordson, ensign. Privates, seventy-four.
6. Joseph Inslee, captain. John Zubers, lieutenant. Joseph Inslee, jr., ensign.
Privates, sixty-two.
7.
Anthony Teate, captain. Robert Cummings, lieutenant. James Cummings, ensign.
Privates, forty.
8. Jonathan Palmer, captain. Luther Calvin, lieutenant. Thompson Price, ensign. Privates, one hundred and eight.
Q. Charles Stewart, captain. Privates, forty.
In November, 1763. several companies of mounted men from Bucks coun- ty arrived at the Crown inn,4 now South Bethlehem, to protect the frontiers from Indians. We have already written the honorable record of Bucks county in the Revolution, which she maintained in subsequent wars.
When the commonwealth was established her arms-bearing sons were or- ganized into at least four militia regiments, which in 1800 were commanded by Colonels Joseph Hart. Hanna, Irvin, and Smith. Augustin Willett, grand- father of the late Charles Willett, of Bensalem, was appointed brigadier-inspec- tor soon after 1790, at a salary of one hundred and sixty dollars, and in 1800 was commissioned brigadier-general. William Rodman was appointed by Gov- ernor Mckean, inspector of Willett's brigade in 1802. In the whiskey insur- rection of 1791, Bucks county furnished her quota of militia, among which was a regiment commanded by Colonel Joseph Hart. When Washington returned south from New York, in the fall of 1797. he was received by the military of Bucks county on crossing the river at Trenton, and escorted to the Philadelphia county line. General Macpherson wrote to Brigade-Inspector Willett, that "it is the Governor's wish, the President of the United States be received with military honors on his crossing the Delaware into Pennsylvania, by Captain Clunn's company of artillery and Captain Gibbs' troop of horse under a grand discharge of cannon. The troop of horse then to escort him to the line of the county of Philadelphia, where they will be received by another troop belonging to that county."5
The first mention of a volunteer company in Bucks county was in 1788. On the 4th of July, of that year, a celebration, in honor of the adoption of the Federal Constitution, took place in Philadelphia, and among the military which
4 This inn was on the south bank of the Lehigh about where the railroad station stands at South Bethlehem, and was the first public house opened on that stream.
5 Captain Clunn's company of Artillery was from Bristol borough and Gibbs' troop from Bensalem township.
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participated were "the Montgomery and Bucks county troops of dragoons." If the companies of Captains Clunn and Gibbs, mentioned above, were volunteer companies, they were the next oldest. In 1801 Williamn Rodman commanded the "First troop of light dragoons of the Bucks county brigade," of thirty rank and file. In 1806 Bucks county had four organized regiments of militia, the Fifteenth, Thirty-first, Thirty-second and Forty-eighth, commanded by Colonels John Smith, George Piper, Joseph Clunn, and Harman Vansant, with John Mc- Carter, brigade-inspector, and Samuel Smith, brigadier-general. The firing of the British frigate Leopard on the Chesapeake, in 1807, caused an outburst of patriotism among the Bucks county militia, and immediate steps were taken to form volunteer companies. Captain Joseph Clunn invites the patriotic citi- zens of Bristol, between the ages of forty-five and seventy years, to enroll themselves as a reserve guard to be called the "Republican Greys of Bucks county," whose services were to be offered to the President. Clunn states he is sixty-three years old, and had "devoted nearly half that time in a military capacity." A meeting, to form an infantry company, was held at Vanhorne's tavern, now Centreville, Buckingham township, . August Ist, at Humphrey's mill, New Britain, the 8th, and at Doylestown, the 22d, to form artillery com- panies. The latter day a meeting was held at Leedom's tavern, now Rich- borough, in Northampton township, of which Enoch Addis was chairman and John Lefferts secretary, to raise a volunteer troop of horse. John Lefferts. John Thompson, Ephraim Addis and William Watts were appointed a com- mittee to prepare an address to the soldiers of the Forty-eighth militia regi- ment, to stimulate them to immediate action. An adjourned meeting was held at the Cross Roads, now Hartsville, August 29th. Philip Miller commanded a company of light artillery, probably in Plumstead. A draft was made on Pennsylvania, December, 1807, the quota of Bucks county being thirty-two artillery, sixty-three cavalry, and five hundred and thirty-nine infantry. The artillery company of Captain Joseph Stewart furnished the artillerymen. the companies of light dragoons of Captains Benjamin Walton and Samuel Sellers the cavalry, and the flank companies of the four Bucks county militia regi- ments were detailed as part of the infantry, the remainder being drafted from the first and second classes of militia. The troops were formed into a regiment, and Brigade-Inspector Shaw assigned Lieutenant-Colonel John Kinsey, of the Thirty-second regiment, to command it.
The war of 1812, with Great Britain, stimulated the military ardor of the citizens of Bucks county, while the near approach of the enemy to Phila- delphia gave their patriotism definite shape. The first effort to raise troops in the county was made at Newtown, where a meeting was held at Charles Hinkle's tavern, Saturday, August 7, 1813, to form a volunteer company whose services were to be offered to the President. The 14th of July, 1814, the President called for ninety-three thousand five hundred militia, of which Pennsylvania was to furnish fourteen thousand. On the 16th a number of the citizens of Bristol, Bensalem and Middletown met at Newportville and pledged themselves to march at a moment's warning in the case the "Fourth district be invaded," and, at an adjourned meeting on the 23d, the citizens were recommended to meet together for drill. The citizens of Doylestown and vicinity agreed to associate for the purpose of acquiring some knowledge of the "art of war," and met to drill in front of the court-house three times a week. Harman Vansant, then brigade-inspector, notified the enrolled inhabi- tants of the county to form themselves into three regiments, and select field- officers. The upper regiment was composed of the enrolled inhabitants of
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Milford, Richland, Rockhill, Hilltown, Springfield, Durham, Nockamixon, Haycock and Bedminster; middle regiment-Tinicum, Plumstead, Solebury, Buckingham, New Britain, Warwick, Warminster, Warrington and Wrights- town ; and the lower regiment, North and Southampton, Middletown, Newtown, Upper Makefield, Falls, Lower Makefield, Bensalem and Bristol township and borough. These regiments elected the following field-officers: Upper regi- ment-Colonel, Jacob Kintner, Lieutenant-Colonel, Christian Bloom, Majors, John Buck and John Stoneback. Centre-Colonel, William Long, Lieutenant- Colonel, Samuel Abernethy, Majors, Samuel D. Ingham and Edward Yerkes. Lower-Colonel, Louis Bache, Lieutenant-Colonel, John S. Benezet, Majors, Orren C. Starr and Anthony Torbert. The militia of this county were known as the First Brigade, Second Division, of which Samuel Smith was appointed Brigadier-General, William C. Rogers, Aid-de-camp, and Elisha Wilkinson, Quartermaster. Josiah Y. Shaw, of Doylestown, was appointed Aid-de-camp to Major-General Scheetz, division-commander. The quota from this county, consisting of eighty-eight artillery and eight hundred and fourteen infantry and riflemen, to be taken from the first and second classes of the enrolled militia, was called for the 12th of August. They were taken from the four old militia regiments and consolidated into a battalion, of which Andrew Gilkeson was ap- pointed Lieutenant-Colonel and John S. Benezet and Isaac Griffith Majors. The drafted militia assembled at Thomas Bean's tavern. Warminster, Sunday, the 18th of September, to march to Marcus Hook. General Smith and his staff were there. A large concourse of people come together to see them off. The troops were formd in hollow square, when the Reverend Thomas B. Mon- tanye delivered an appropriate address. They marched to Philadelphia, and thence to their destination in steamboats. The drafted militia were encamped in the court-house yard, at Doylestown, a day or two.
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