USA > Pennsylvania > Montgomery County > History of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania > Part 101
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arvensis, L. (poor man's weather-glass pimpernel), found near Oakland Institute ; Miss A. L. Ralston ; rare.
Lentibulacea. Utricularia, L. vulgaris, L. (greater bladder-wort).
Bignoniaceæ. Tecoma, Juss. radicans, Juss. (trumpet-creeper).
Catalpa. Scop., Walt.
Bignonioides, Walt. (catalpa, Indian-bean).
Martynia, L. proboscidea, Glox. (unicorn plant).
Orobanchacex. Epiphegus, Nutt. Virginica, Bart. (beech-drops).
Aphyllon, Mitchell.
nniflorum, Torr. & Gr. (one-flowered cancer-root), sparingly throughout.
Scrophulariacere. Verbascum, L. Thapsus, L. (commou mullein). Blattaria, L. (moth-mullein, a noxious weed).
Linaria, Tourn. vulgaris, Mill. (food-flax).
Elatine, Mill. (prostrate linaria), along Perkiomen ; Jos. Crawford Scrophularia, Tourn. nodosa, L. (figwort).
Chelone, Tourn. glabra, L. (turtle-head).
Pentstemon, Mitchell. pubescens, Solander (beard-tougue). Digitalis, Nutt.
Mimulus, L. ringens, L. (monkey-flower). alatus, Ait. (winged moukey-flower).
Gratiola, L. Virginiana, I .. (hedge-hyssop). aurea, Muhl. (golden hedge-hyssop). Veronica, L. officinalis, L. (common speedwell). Anagallis, L. (water speedwell). serpyllifolia, L. (thyme-leaved speedwell). arvensis, L. (coru epeedwell). Virginica, L. (Culver's physic). Americana, Schweinitz (American brooklime), not comnon. scutellata, L. (marsh speedwell).
Gerardia, L. tenuifolia, Vahl. (slender gerardia). pedicularia, L. (lousewort, false foxglove). quercifolia, Pursh. (smooth false foxglove). flava, L. (dowuy false foxglove). Castilleia, Mutis. coccinea, Spreug. (scarlet-painted cup). Pedicularis, Tourn. Canadensis, L. (common lousewort). Melampyrum, Tourn. Americauum, Michx. (cow-wheat).
l'erbenaceæ. Verbeua, L. lastata, L. (blue vervain). urticifolia, L. (white vervain). officinalis, L. (common vervaiu). Phyrua, L. Leptostachya, L. (lopseed).
Labiata. Teucrium, L.
l'anadeuse, L. (American germander), frequent.
Trichostema, L.
dichotomum, L. (blue curls).
Isanthus, Michx. carulens, Michx. (false pennyroyal), along the Schuylkill. Mentha, L. viride, L. (spearmint). piperita, L. (peppermint). arvensis, L. (corumiut). Canadensis, L. (wild mint).
Lycopus, L. Virginicus, L. (hugle-weed). Europas, L. (European bugle weed). var. sinuatus, Gray.
Cunila, L. Mariana, L. (common dittany).
Pycanthemum, Michx.
muticum, Pers. (nut frequent), John E. Overholtzer.
lanceolatum, Pursh. (lanceolate mountain-miut). linifolinm, Pursh. (flax-leaved monutain-mint). clinopodioides, Torr. & Gray.
Origanum, L. vulgare, L. (wild marjoram), sparingly throughout ; dry banks below Norristown.
Thymus, L. serphyllum, L. (creeping thyme).
Calamintha, Monch. chiropodium, Benth. (basil).
Melissa, L. officinalis, L. (common balm).
Hedeoma, Pers. pulegioides, Pers. (American pennyroyal).
Collinsonia, L. Canadensis, L. (stone-root).
Salvia, L. lyrata, L. (lyre-leaved sage).
Monarda, L. didyma, L. (Oswego tea). punctata, L. (horse-mint). fistulosa, L. (wild bergamot).
Lopauthus, Benth. nepetoides, Benth.
scrophulariafolius, Beuth.
Nepeta, L. cataria, L. (catnip). glechoma, Benth. (ground ivy). Brunella, Tourn. vulgaris, L. (heal-all).
Scutellaria, L. pilosa, Michx. (hairy skull-cap). lateriflora, L. (mad-dog skull-cap). integrifolia, L. (entire leaved skull-cap). versicolor, Nutt.
Marubium, L. vulgare, L. (common horehound). Leonurus, L. cardiaca, L. (common motherwort).
432
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
Stachys, L. palustris, I. (hedge-nettle). var. cordata, Gray. Laminm, L. amplexicanle, L. (dead nettle).
Borraginacele. Echium, Tourn. vulgare, L. (viper's-bluegloss).
Lycopsis, L. arvensis, L. (small binegloss).
Symphytum, Tourn. officinale, L. (common comfrey). Onosmodium, Michx.
Virginianum, D. C. (false gromwell), along the Schuylkill, below Norristown.
Lithospermum, Tourn. arvense, L. (corn gromwell). Mertensia, Roth.
Virginica, D. ('. (Virginian cowslip), found on Barbadoes Island, in the Schuylkill, above Norristown.
Myosotis, L. palustris, With. (true forget-me-not). var. laxa, Lehim. verna, Nutt., not common ; Jos. Crawford.
Echinospermium, Swartz. Iappula, Lehm. ; Jos. Crawford.
Cynoglossum, Tourn. officinale, L. (hound's tongne). Virginieum, L. (wild comfrey). Morisoni, D. C. (beggar's lice).
Hydrophyllarec. Hydrophyllum, L. Virginicnmi, L. (water-leaf). Phacelia, JuKs. bipinnatifida, Michx.
Polemoninceæ.
Polemoniumi, Tourn. reptans, L. (Greek valerian).
Phlox, L.
paniculata, L. (panicled pblox). maculata, L. (wild sweet Wilham).
subulata (moss pink), frequent throughout ; along banks uf the Schuylkill.
Convolvulacer.
Quamoclit, Tourn.
coccinea, Munch. (cypress vine), along the river-banks of the Schuylkill.
Iponca, L.
purpurea, Lam. (common morning-glory), escaped from gardens ; apparently naturalized. pandurata, Meyer (man-of-the-earthı).
Convolvulus, L.
arvensis, L. (bindweed), along Stony Creek ; along Schuylkill. Calystegia, R. Br.
sepium, R. Br., along streams around Norristown ; Dr. E. M. Corsol.
spitlama a {(Pursh), along Schuylkill, above Indian Creek ; Jolın E. Overholtzer.
Cuscuta, Tourn. Gronovii, Willd. (common dodder). compacta, Juss. (close dudder).
Solanaceæ. Solunum, L. Dulcamara, L. (bitter-sweet). nigrum, L. (common night-shade). Carolinense, L. (horse-nettle). tuberosum, L. (common potatoes).
Physalis, L. angulata, L. (ground-cherry). var. Philadelphica, Lam. pubescens, L. (common ground-cherry). viscosa, L. (clanuny ground-cherry). Nicandra, Adans. Physaloides, Gaertn. (apple of Pern).
Datura , L.
stramoninm, L. (conmon stramonium). var. Tatula (purple thorn apple).
Nicotiana, L. rustica, L. (wild tobacco). tabacum, L. (common tobacco).
Gentianacex. Sabbatia, Adans. angularis, Pursh (American century).
Gentiana, L. Andrewsii, Griseb. (closed gentian). crinita, Froel. (fringed gentian).
Obolaria, L. Virginica, L. (obolaria).
Ipocynacex. Apocynum, Tourn. androsa mifolium L. (spreading dogbane). cannabinum, L. (Indian hemp). var. vulca (after Wood).
Asclepiaduceæ. Asclepias, L. Cornuti, Decaisne (common milkweed). phytolaccoides, Purslı. (poke milkweedl). purpurascens, L. (purple milkweed). variegata, L. (variegated milkweed). incarnata, L. (swamp milkweed).
tuberosa, L. (pleurisy-root). quadrifolia, Jacq. (four-leaved milkweed). obtusifolia, Michx. (obtuse-leaved milkweed).
Gonolobus, Michx. hirsutus, Michx., rare ; found along river-banks below Norris town, near Potts' Landing ; Dr. E. M. Corson.
Oleacea. Chionanthus, L. Virginica, L. (cultivated for ornament).
Ligustrum, Tonrn. vulgare, L. (common privet).
Fraxinus, Tourn. Americana, L. (white ash). sambucifolia, Lam. (black ash). pubescens, Lam. (red ash).
Syringa. vulgaris (after Wood). Persica (after Wood).
Aristolochiacen. Asarum, Tourn. Canadense, L. (wild ginger).
Aristolochia, Tourn. Serpentaria, L. (Virginia snakeroot).
sipho, L'Her. (Dutchman's pipe), near Henderson's quarries ; John E. Overholtzer.
Phytolaccacez. Phytolacca, Tourn. decandra, L. (common poke).
Chenopodincer. Chenopodium, L. album, L. (lamb's quarter, pig-weed). botrys, L. (Jerusalem oak). ambrosioides, L. (Mexican tea), John E. Overholtzer.
.Imarantacræ.
Amarantus, Tourn. paniculatns, L. (panicled amaranth). retroflex18, L. (pigweed). albus, L. spinosns, L. (thorn amaranth). hypochondriacus, L. (garden amaranth).
Polygonacea. Polygonum, L. Orientale, L. (prince's feather). hydropiper, L. (smart-weed). hydropiperoides, Michx. (mild water-pepper).
aviculure, L. (doorweed). Careyi, Olney. Pennsylvanicum, L. (Pennsylvania knotweed). nodosum, Pers .; var., incarnatum. Virginianum, L. (Virginian knotweed). Convolvulus, L. (will buckwheat). dumetorum, L. (climbing wild buckwheat). arifoliuni, L. (halberd-leaved tear-thunb).
433
FLORA OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
Polygonum, L. sagittatum, L. (tear-thumb). Persicaria, L. (lady's thumb). Fagopyrum, Tourn. esculentum, Manch. (buckwheat). Rumex, L. crispus, L. (curled dock). sanguineus, L. (bloody-veinedl dock ). acetosella, L. (sheep sorrel).
Lauracent . Sassafras, Nees. officinale, Nees. (sassafras). Benzoin, Nees. odoriferum, Nees. (spice-lmsh ). Santulacea. Comandra, Nutt. umbellata, Nutt. (bastard food-flax).
Saururacer. Sanrurus, 1 .. cermums, L. (lizard's-tail).
Euphorbiaca. Euphorbia, L. maculata, L. (spotted spurge). Cyparissias, L. (horder spurge). hypericifolia, L. (st. John's-wort spurge). corollata, L. (flowering spurge). Acalypha, L. Virginica. L. (three-seeded mercury).
I'rticacer. I'mus, L. fulva, Micha. (slippery elm). Americana, L. Willd. (American elm). Morus, Tonrn. rubra, L. (red mulberry). alba, L. (white mulberry). Urtica, Touru. gracilis, Ait. (tall wild nettle). dioica, L. (common nettle).
Bwhmeria, Jacq. cylindrica (wild false-nettle).
l'annahis, Tourn. sativa, L. (hemp). Humulus, L. Impulus, L. (common hop; along river-courses). Platanacex. Platanus, L. occidentalis (American plane or sycamore).
Juglandacea. Jnglans, L. nigra, L. (black walnut). cinerra, l .. (butternut).
Carya, Nutt. alba, Nutt. (shellbark). microcarpa, Nutt. (small-fruited hickory). glabra, Torr. (pig-nut). amara, Nutt. (bitter-nut).
Cupuliferæ. Quercus, L. macrocarpa, Mich. (burr oak, or mossy-cup white oak). alba, L. (white oak). Prinns, L. (swamp chestnut oak). coccinea, Wang. (scarlet oak). rubra, L. (red oak). palustrus, Du Roi (pin oak). nigra, L. (black-jack). tinctoria, Bartram (black oak).
Castanea, Tourn. vesca, L. (chestnut). Fagus, Tourn. ferruginea, Ait. (American lech). CoryIns, Tourn. Americana, Walt. (hazlenut). Carpinus, L. Americana, Michx. (hornbeam).
Myricaces. Comptonia, Solander. asplenifolia, Ait. (sweet fern). 28
Betulacca.
Betula, Tourn. alba, Spach. (American white birch). papyracea, Ait. (paper birch ). Alnus, Tourn. serrulata, Ait. (alder). incana, Willd. (speckled or hoary aller).
Sulicacea.
Salix, Tourn. viminalis, L. (basket osier). humilis, Marshall (low bush-willow ). lurida, Muhl. (shining willow). alba, L. (white willow). fragilis, L. (brittle willow). Babylonica, Tourn. (weeping willow).
Populus, Tourn. tremuloides, Michx. (American aspen). balsamifera, L. (balsam poplar).
Coniferz. l'inus, Tourn. rigida, Miller (pitch pine). stromms, L. (white pine).
Abies, Tourn. Canadensis, Michx. (hemlock spruce).
Larix, Tourn. Americana, Michx. (American or black larch).
Juniperns, L. communis, L. (common juniper). Virginiana, L. (red cedar savin).
Taxns, Tonrn. baccata, L. (American yew).
.Iraceæ. Class II .- Monocotyledonous or Endogenous Plants.
Arisama, Martins, triphylhun, Torr. (Indian turnip).
Symplocarpus, Salisb.
firtidus, Salisb. (skunk-cabbage).
Acorus, L. calamus, L. (sweet-flag, calamus).
Typhacez. Typha, Tourn. latifolia, L. (common cat-tail). angustifolia, L. (narrow-leaved, or small cat-tail).
Sparganium, Tourn. enrycarjam, Engelm. (large bur-reed). simplex, Hudson, around Norristown ; A. F. Baker.
Lemuurer. Lemna, L. minor, L. (lesser duck worth), ponds uear river, swampy landa. Alismarea. Alisma, L. plantago, L .; var. Americanum, gray.
Sagittaria, L. variabilis, Engelm. (arrow-head). simplex, Pursh. (common arrow -head). Orchiduces. Orchis, L. spectabilis, L. (showy orchis), sparingly throughont ; in rich, moist thickets. Platanthera, Richard. lacera, Gray (ragged orchis).
Goodyera, R. Brown. pubescens, R. Brown (rattlesnake plantain).
Spiranthes, Richard. cernua, Richard (nodding ladies' tresses). gracilis, Bigelow (slender ladies' tresses).
Microstylis, Nutt. ophioglossoides, Nutt. (addler's-mouth ; rare ; John E. Overholt тег.
Liparis, Richard. liliifolia, Richard (tway-blade), not frequent. Corallorhiza, Haller. odontorhiza, Nutt. (coral-root). inData, R. Brown. rare ; moist woodn. multiflora, Nutt. (many-flowered coral), rich woods, thicketa ; rare in these parts.
134
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
Aplectrum, Nutt.
hyemale, Nutt. (AAdam and Eve), rare; found in rich woods where there is plenty of mould.
Cypripealium, L.
pubescens, Willd. (larger yellow lady's-slipper), sparingly along the Perkiomen. acaule Ait. (stemless lady's-slipper), rare ; found near copper- mines along the Perkiomen ; Jos. Crawford.
Amaryllidacez. Narcissus, L. pseudo-narcissus, L. (daffodil), escaped in some places. Hypoxis, L. erreta, L. (star-grass), common in open woods.
Iridacere.
Iris, L. versicolor, L. (larger blue-flag). Virginica, L. (slender blue-flag), sparingly in surrounding town- ships.
Pardanthus, Ker. Chinensis, Ker. (blackberry-lily). Sisyrinehium, L. Bermudiana, L. (blue-eyed grass).
Dioscoreaces. Dioscorea, Plumier. villosa, L. (wild yam-root).
Smilacez.
Smilax, Tourn. rotundifolia, L. (green-brier). tamnoides, L. (cat-brier). herbacea, I. (carrion-flower). glanea, Walt. (smooth smilax).
Trillium, L. cernuum, L. (nodding trillium). Medeola, Gronov. Virginiea, L. (Indian encumber-root).
Lilincez. Aspargus, L. officinale, L. (garden-asparagus), sparingly escaped from gardens. Polygonatum, Tourn. biflorum, Ell. (smaller Solomon's-seal). giganteum, Dietrich (great Solomon's-sval).
Smilacina, Desf. racemosa, Desf. (false spikenard). bifolia, Ker. (two-leaved Solomon's-real).
Convallaria, L. majalis, L. (lily-of-the-valley).
Ornithogalum, Tourn. umbellatum, L. (Star of Bethlehem).
Allium. L. Canadense, Kalm. (will meadow-garlic). tricocenm, Ait. (wild leek). vineale, L. (field-garlie).
Hemerocallis, L. fulva, L. (common day-lily), escaped from garden. Lilium, L. Canadense, L. (wild yellow lily). superbum, L. (Turk's-cap lily). Erythronium, L. Americanum, Smith (dog's-tooth violet).
Muscari, Tourn. raremosa, L. (grape hyacinth), after Wood.
Melanthavea.
Uvularia, L. perfoliata, L. (smaller bellwort). sessifoliata, L. (sessile-leaved bellwort). Veratrum, Tourn. viride, Ait. (American white hellebore).
Pontederiaces. Pontederia, L. cordata, L. (pickerel-weed).
Commelynacex. Commelyna, Dill. Virginica, L. (day-flower). Tradescantia, L. Virginica, L. (common spiderwort).
Gramines. I'lleum, L.
pratense, L. (timothy). Agrostis, L. vulgaris, With. (red-top).
Muhlenbergii, Schreber. Mexicana, Trin. diffusa, Schreber (drop-seed).
Eleusine, Gaertn. Indica, Gaertu (wire-grass).
Tricuspis, Beauv.
seslerioides, Torr. (tall red-top).
Dactylis, L. glomerata, L. (orchard-grass).
Poa, L.
annua, L. (low spear-grass).
Eragrostis, Beauv. poaoides, Beanv. var. megastachya.
Bromus, L. secalinus, L. (cheat or chess).
Triticum, L.
repens, L. (couch-grass).
Hordeum, L.
distichum, L. (two-rowed barley).
Secale, L. cereale, L. (rye).
Avena, L. sativa, L. (common oats).
Aira, L. cæspitosa, L. (common hair-grass).
Anthoxanthum, L.
uloratum, L. (sweet-scented vernal grass).
Phalaris, D. arundinacea, L. (reed canary-grass).
Panicum, L. sanguinale, L. (common crab-grass). capillare, L. (old witch-grass). clandestinum, L. depauperatum, Mubl. rruss-galli, L. (barnyard-grass).
Setari, Beanv.
glauca, Beauv. (fox-tail). Italica, Kunth. (Bengal grass).
Sorghum, Pers. mutans, Gray (Indian grass).
Zra, L.
mays, L. (Indian corn).
SERIES II .- CRYPTOGAMOUS OR FLOWERLESS PLANTS. Class III .- Acrogens.
Equisreacec. Equisetum, L. arvense, L. (common horse-tail). limosum, L. hyemale, L. (scouring rush).
Filices. Polypodium, L. vulgare, L. (polypody).
Pteris, L. aquilina, L. (common brake).
Adiantiun, L. pedatum, L. (maiden-hair).
Asplenium, L. pinnatifidum, Nutt. (pinnate-leaved spleenwort).
ebenenm, Ait. (ebony fern, or ebony spleenwort). ruta muraria, L. (wall-rue fern). angustifolium, Michx. (narrow-leaved spleenwort).
thelypteroides, Miehx. (spleenwort). felix fœmina, R. Brown (lady-fern).
Camptosorus, Link. rhizophyllus, Link (walking leaf).
Phegopteris, Fée. hexagonoptera, Fee (beech-fern).
Aspidium, Swartz. marginale, Swartz (wood-fern). acrostichoides, Swartz (Christmas, or evergreen-fern).
435
FLORA OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
Aspidium, Swartz.
Thelypteris, Swartz (swamp shield-fern).
Novaboracense, Willd. (New York fern).
spinulosum, Swartz (spiny-shield fern).
cristatum, Swartz (crested fern). Guldianum, Hood (shield-feru).
Cystopteris, Bernh.
fragilis, Bernh (bladder-fern).
Onvelea. L.
sensibilis, L. (sensitive fern).
Woodsia, R. Brown.
Ilvensis, R. Brown (Woodsia).
Dicksonia, L'Her. punctilobula, Hook. (Dicksonia).
Osmunda, L.
regalis, L. (flowering, or royal fern). Claytoniana, L. (Clayton's fern). cinnamonea, L. (cinnamon fern).
Botrychium, Swartz.
Virginicum, Swartz (rattlesnake fern).
lunarioides, Swartz (moonwort). var. obliquum (oblique-leaved moonwort). var. dissectum (cut-leaved moonwort).
Lycopodiace&.
Lycopodium, L. dendroideum, Michx. (ground-pine ). «lavatım. L. (club-moss).
CHAPTER XXVIII.
ZOOLOGY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.1
VERY little attention has yet been given in our county histories to the habitation and distribution of our existing animals. Botany, in this respect, has not been neglected; the exact localities of many of our na- tive trees, shrubs and plants, when not too common, have been especially pointed out or noticed, and thus serve as a valuable guide to the practical student. It is our purpose now to treat on this more fully than has probably hitherto been done. Certain errors that originated in our natural history nearly half a century ago, are still mentioned, we regret to say, even in quite recent works. For instance, that quad- rupeds and birds are nearly all decreasing, and some are rare that are actually numerous, or vice versa. This shows that the writers thereof have studied nature more in books at their desks than abroad in the fields. Another matter is hecoming too serious to be longer overlooked,-the names of the most common and familiar objects being overburthened with technical nomenclature. Hence, we need not wonder that our bluebird, which cannot be mistaken, is called by Swainson Scialia Wilsonii, by Bonaparte Saricola Sialis, by Wilson Sylvia Sialis, and lately by another Sialia Sialis. As this examination has been superficial, how many more technical names have been given it we are consequently unable to say. Our com- mon partridge has no less than eight, the pewee four, the snowbird, the kingbird and house-wren an equal number. As may be seen in Audubon's "Quadrupeds
of America," though published a third of a century ago), the ground-squirrel and mink have each been furnished with five, the marmot with four, the wild- cat seven, and even our common American rabbit with no less than three. Now, as similar names are being made and applied more or less through all animated nature, who is to decide as to which is the proper one, or when and where the number is to end ? Hence, to help tostay this evil, we shall treat all alike, by dispensing with such cumbersome and useless labors. However, as more important in a historieal work, we have concluded to give in this connection, as far as we could ascertain them, the names of the several animals, birds, fishes and reptiles in the Delaware Indian language, with our several authori- ties therefor. C will stand for Campanius; Z for Zeisberger; P, Pyrlaeus; S, Schmick; H, Hecke- welder; Str., William Strachey ; and W for Roger Williams. This result has only been accomplished through many years' diligent labor. As a first at- tempt, we will state that three-fourths of the num- ber have been derived from original manuscripts. The spelling is retained as found in the Swedish, German and English sources; only nine names being derived from the first and three from the latter, which otherwise could not have beeu thus supplied. In the arrangement of the catalogues we have closely followed Professor S. F. Biard, as the most simplified for this purpose.
Quadrupeds .- The existing native mammalia with- in the present limits of Montgomery County, it is very probable, do not exceed at the utmost thirty- five species. The bats have been variously estimated at from five to eight distinet kinds. The latter num- ber may be too high, and accidental varieties may have been mistaken for distinct species. The com- mon mole is now much more numerous than formerly ; this may, in part, be accounted for by their having less enemies. The star-nosed mole is not as rare as is supposed. In high, early spring freshets, along our rich low, grounds, they are driven from out their haunts, and frequently found drowned, thus proving that they are more numerous than is commonly sup- posed. We must confess it is difficult otherwise to procure specimens.
The wild-eat or lynx may possibly exist. One was shot in February, 1860, in Rockhill town- ship, Bucks Co., within a couple of miles of the line of Marlborough and Upper Salford, where they could yet find secure retreats, from the rocky charae- ter of the hills, still covered with native forests. We think it can be safely stated that the gray fox no longer exists in this or the adjoining counties. The red fox is still found on the hills of Upper Merion, Doug- las, New Hanover, Marlborough, Upper Salford and Upper Hanover. A fox was killed in Moreland town- ship in 1847, and since then none have been known anywhere in that section. An otter was captured on the East Branch, in Perkiomen township, about 1858.
1By Wm. J. Buck.
436
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
We have been unable to ascertain of any other hav- ing since been seen in the county. The raccoon abounds in the townships of Limerick, New Hanover, Marlborough, Upper Salford and Perkiomen, but is diminishing. The flying squirrel, though seemingly scaree, is more common than is generally supposed. A friend residing in Limerick a few years ago, had a favorite shellbark tree on his farm that appeared to yield quantities of nuts, but somehow they would dis- appear. Taking a lantern one night to the place, he was amazed at the sight of numerous flying squirrels, scampering off in various directions. He had not previously known of their existence in the vicinity. By similar means we have ascertained that the several kinds of shrews and mice are more numerous than is generally supposed. The interesting ground squirrel at this time does not appear nearly as frequent as thirty years ago. The jumping mouse resorts in the vicinity of thickets or eopses, and is difficult to capture. The white-footed mouse, which has been stated as rare, is found almost everywhere, and cannot readily be mis- taken. It has been repeatedly published that the marmot or ground-hog is a common and well-known animal in Eastern Pennsylvania. Our observations, made for many years, do not confirm this. There is something about it that is remarkable, and applies as well to Bueks as to Montgomery County. After the most extensive inquiries among the descendants of our earliest families, we cannot ascertain that it was ever known or found in Horsham, Moreland, Abington, Cheltenham or Upper Dublin. Near Flourtown, in Springfield township, one was discovered about 1868 and regarded with great curiosity. In Lower Salford they disappeared a quarter of a century ago. A few are still found in Upper Hanover and Upper and Lower Providence; but, strange to say, they are com- mon around Red Hill and Eastburn's Hill, in Upper Merion, the latter elevation being only about a mile from the borough of Bridgeport. The muskrat, like the mole, is increasing. In Moreland, with its numerous small, lasting streams, it is no unusual cir- cumstance for a person in high, early spring freshets, to shoot twenty or thirty of these animals in less than half a day. In this township, by the Pennypaek, in the winter of 1861 and the following year, Tyson Michener caught in a box-trap twenty minks, which were all males, showing the sagacity of the other sex. The people of the vicinity were justly surprised at this number being caught there. The disappear- ance of former animals will be noticed in local his- tory.
CATALOGUE.
1. The gray bat, common.
2. Brown bat, common.
3. Red bat, occasionally seen.
4. Large gray bat, rare.
5. Carolina bat, occasionally seen.
6. Little brown bat, rare.
7. Blunt-nosed bat, occasionally seen.
8. The large shrew, common.
9. Small shrew, rare.
10. Gray shrew, occasionally seen.
11. Common mole, abuodant.
12. Star-nosed mole, occasionally seen.
13. Wild-cat or lynx (Lingwees, C.), very rare.
14. Red fox ( Woacus, Z., Mishquashim, P.), in some parts of the county.
15. Weasel, not common.
16. Mink ( Hwijuingns, C., Wimingus, Z.), not common,
17. Otter (Huunekijk, (.), very rare.
18. Skunk (Cuttenumowhena, L.), common.
19. Raccoon (Arahkone, Str., Nachemum aml Espau, Z.), in some parts of the county.
20. Opossum ( W'oupink, Z.), occasionally seen,
21. Cat or fox-squirrel, rare.
22. Gray squirrel, common at places.
23. Red squirrel or chickaree (Curewunick or Pimingus, Z.), occasionally seen.
24. Striped or ground squirrel, common at places.
25. Flying squirrel ( Blacnik, Z.), common at places.
26. Marmot or ground-bog (Morachgen, Z.), found in a few townships.
27. Muskrat (Dumaskus, C.), abundant.
28. Jumping monse, occasionally seen.
29. Common or Norway rat, abundant ; introduced.
30, Commion mouse, abundant ; introduced.
31. Field-mouse (Achpodus, Z.), common.
32. Native black rat, rare.
33. Meadow-mouse, common.
34. White-footed mouse, common ; partial to dry, sheltered retreats.
35. Hare or rabbit (Stjmamis, C.), connnon.
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