USA > Pennsylvania > Washington County > Washington > History of the city of Washington and Washington County, Pennsylvania and representative citizens 20th century > Part 58
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In an opening on Krepp's Knob, west of West Brownsville, the Waynesburg coal shows only one clay parting, but the coal benches are correspondingly thin, and consequently the opening does not give much promise.
On Pike Run and its tributaries the Waynesburg coal has been extensively prospected, especially in the terri- tory near the head of the run and on the west side of the Bellevernon anticline.
The Monongahela Division of the Pennsylvania Rail- road originally the Pittsburg, Virginia and Charleston Railroad, follows the river bank through East Pike Run Township, having been constructed between Mononga- hela and Brownsville in 1881. C. Jutte & Co. (now Hector Coke Co.) have made surveys of a new route from Coal Center to their immense coal fields east of
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HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY
Beallsville in East and West Pike Run Townships.
The Coal Center Electric Railway is projected to run from the schoolhouse at Scenery Hill to Coal Center. The greater part of the route is along the National Pike. The Centerville Street Railway is planned to connect California, Coal Center and Centerville.
The earliest petitions for roads in East Pike Run Township were for a road from Nathan Heald's Mill to Crawford's Ferry in East Bethlehem Township in 1785, from Brinton's to Grabel's Mill in 1783, from Van Swearingen's Ferry to the Washington and Redstone Road near Adams in 1790, from Jacob Springer's to the Methodist Meeting House in 1795, and from George Gregg's Mill to Richard Swans in 1795.
In 1904 East Pike Run Township had fifty-four miles of public highway. This township still retains the work road tax. The road tax for 1908 was seven mills and $10,922.56 in taxes was worked out. There have been no Flinn or Sproul roads constructed in this township. The National Pike or Cumberland Road follows the southern boundary line of the township.
The following early settlers were among those holding land at the dates given: Thomas Swearingen, Jr., 1769; Adam Young, 1769; John Krepps, 1790; Conrad Weaver, 1785; Nathan Heald, 1786. Some of the other early set- tlers were Henry, William and John Gregg, James Dor- sey, John Almond, Jacob Springer, Amos Ayles, John and Seth Buffington, and Samuel Bailey.
About two and one-half miles west of Krepp's Ferry at West Brownsville, an old stone tavern called Malden stands on the National Pike. It was originally built in 1822, with an addition in 1830. It was kept successively by Bry Taylor, Samuel Acklin, Samuel Bailey, William Pepper, and William Garrett. The property is now used as a residence by William Grimes. Over the threshold is the inscription "Krepps Villags 1830."
East Pike Run Township has several communities; Wilna (Granville), Phillipsburg, Daisytown and Blaines- burg.
The town of Wilna lies west of California on the northern line of Coal Center in East Pike Run Township. The place was formerly known as Granville. East Pike Run and its branch Gorby's Fork flow through the vil- lage. James Gregg settled at this place and laid out the village of Granville. In 1882 Henry Dowler plotted the part east of Gorby's Fork and called it Minersville. Granville was laid out a long time before Minersville. An attempt was made in 1903 to incorporate Wilna as a borough, but it was unsuccessful, the lack of success being due to the opening of a mine at the head of Pike Run, whose operatives erected homes in the immediate vicinity of their work. It is not readily accessible to the citizens whose business does not require his presence
in the neighborhood. But its own people do the greater portion of their shopping in the two boroughs of Cali- fornia and Coal Center, and are interested in all things pertaining to the progress of their two adjoining bor- oughs. There are those, and many of them, who ex- pect to see the eventual union in one greater borough of all these scattered towns.
A pottery was at one time conducted at Granville by William Winfield. A factory for carding and spinning wool was in operation for many years before and after the Civil War. At present the town has about 200 inhabitants and three stores, a schoolhouse and the Gran- ville House (hotel).
PHILLIPSBURG.
Immediately to the east of California lies a thickly populated settlement, the residents of which draw their sustenance from the several coal mines in the neighbor- hood. The line between this settlement and California is only a nominal one and has no virtual existence. Phillipsburg is California in all that pertains to the material welfare of the two towns. It was named in honor of James Phillips, who originally farmed the broad acres comprising its area. It will without doubt and at no distant date be incorporated in the greater borough.
Church of Christ of Phillipsburg, the Christian Church of Phillipsburg, is an offshoot of the Christian Church of California and has a membership of about sixty. It has a commodious house of worship, and with the present rapid increase in population which that section is enjoy- ing will doubtless soon take its place among the larger churches of the denomination in this neighborhood.
DAISYTOWN.
The Vesta Coal Mine No. 4 has its tipple between California and Coal Center. Four hills have been mined through and a coal town known as Daisytown has been built within the last four years about one and three- fourth miles east of Centerville on the boundary line between East and West Pike Run. This mining town has a population of about 700 persons.
When the surveyor arrived at the site to lay out the town the entire surface was white with daisies and his assistant made the remark, "This will be a daisy of a town." From this the town was called Daisytown and the name became permanent.
BLAINESBURG.
Blainesburg is a small town on the hill west of West Brownsville. The place is composed of about forty houses and one store. It has grown up within the last. year or so and is mostly inhabited by miners and rail- road men. Its name was given because it is so near the birthplace of the great statesman, James G. Blaine.
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HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY
The earliest schools of Pike Run Township were held in log houses for short terms during the winter months. The first schoolmaster of whom anything is known was Robert Quail, who was teaching as early as 1807. The common-school law was accepted by Pike Run Township in 1835 and new schoolhouses built. In 1850 there were five schools and 213 scholars. In 1880 there were six schools with 262 pupils. Since then the number of the schools has increased until at the present time there are twenty-one schools; male teachers, six; female teachers, fourteen; average number of months taught, 8; enroll- ment, 825; average salary of male teachers per month, $61.00; female teachers, $50.00; cost of each pupil per month, $1.80; number of mills on the dollar levied for school purposes, 6; estimated value of school property, $33,400.
FALLOWFIELD TOWNSHIP.
Fallowfield was the sixth of the thirteen original townships to be formed in Washington County soon after its erection in 1781. Its original bounds were Notting- ham Township on the north; the Monongahela River on the east; Bethlehem Township on the south and Strabane Township on the west. The territory of Fallowfield Township has been reduced to its present limits by the formation of Somerset Township, 1782, Pike Run Town- ship April 23, 1792, Carroll Township September 30th, 1834, and Allen Township June 14th, 1853. Its present limits are Nottingham and Carroll on the north; the Monongahela River, North Charleroi, Charleroi and Twi- light Boroughs on the east; East and West Pike Run Townships on the south; and Somerset Township and Bentleyville Borough on the west. It is centrally dis- tant from Washington, seventeen miles. The township is drained by Pigeon and Maple Creeks with their tribu- taries.
The soil of Fallowfield Township is fertile and well adapted to agriculture and stock raising. The Pitts- burg vein of coal is exposed and mined in the township and will be coked in a short time.
The population of Fallowfield Township in 1850 was 1,132; in 1860 it was 897, and in 1890, 1,084, and in the year 1900 it was 801.
In 1850 the registration of voters was 175; in 1903, 286, and in 1908, 299. The valuation of the real estate of Fallowfield Township in 1908 was $3,566,640.
The Ellsworth branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad connects Monongahela City with Marianna and Zollars- ville, following Pigeon Creek through Fallowfield Town- ship. It was constructed about 1900 as far as Ells- worth, in 1907 completed to Zollarsville, and in 1908 to Marianna. The corporate name was the Mononga- hela and Washington Railroad. It is now operated by the Pennsylvania Company. Work is about to be started
on the construction of a street car line from Mononga- hela to Washington. This road is surveyed to run through Carroll and Fallowfield Townships, to Bentley- ville, Ellsworth and Cokeburg, crossing the National Pike near Scenery Hill, thence to Marianna and on to Wash- ington.
It has long been a dream of the capitalist to extend the West Side Electric Street Railway, now operating between Charleroi and Monessen, to Ellsworth and Bent- leyville. This is bound to be done in time, for the immense coal developments in this region makes it im- perative that some communication be established between these towns. The surveys have been completed for some time for this extension to extend through Fallowfield Township.
From the road docket for Fallowfield Township we see that petitions were made for a road from Grabel's Mill to Brinton's in 1783, from Bentley's Mill and Parkenson Ferry Road to Muddy Creek in 1790, from West's Church to Wall's Old Place in 1792, from West's Church to MeFarland's Mill in 1793, from Emas Pyle's Mill to the Washington Road at McCall's store in 1793, and from Bogg's Mill to Abraham Trye's in 1796.
Fallowfield Township has never accepted the cash road tax law, and is still using the work road tax system. The road tax for 1908 is four and one-half mills. In 1905 the state constructed the Maple Creek road, which is 15,944 feet in length with a stone width of sixteen feet and grading width of twenty-six feet. The inspec- tion and engineering work cost $1,737.67 and the con- struction, $35,579.38.
The best piece of road in this part of the county is without doubt the three-mile stretch of Sproul road con- structed along Maple Creek on the Charleroi-Bentley ville Road. It is a high grade piece of work, sixteen feet in width, costing $8,000 per mile, and is in every way a big acquisition to the farmers in this section.
A county road from Charleroi to Beallsville has been approved by the grand jury but the contract has not yet been let. This road will be two miles and 5,271 feet in length and the cost is estimated at $29,377.62. The old Washington and Williamsport Turnpike follows the northern boundary line of Fallowfield Township and was constructed about 1831. The entire road is to be repaired by the county. The length is fifteen miles and 3,979 feet, and the estimated cost $151,629.00.
As early as 1810 a school was in operation under Joshua Pennell in a log schoolhouse at the cross roads near West's Church. Another school was located on Maple Creek, on the John S. Carson farm, and was taught by Thomas Sutton. Before 1830 the Dickey's log schoolhouse stood on the old road leading from Hair's Mill to the Pittsburg and Brownsville state road.
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The public school system was adopted in 1834. In 1863 there were seven schools with seven teachers in Fal- lowfield Township; the number of scholars was 305. In 1880 there were eight schools, eight teachers and 178 pupils. In 1908 there were nine schools and nine teach- ers (no males, nine females) ; average enrollment 225; average salary of teachers per month, females $55.00; cost of each pupil per month $2.85; number of mills on the dollar levied for school purposes 2; estimated value of school property $10,000. The following school buildings are in the township: Dickey, Pigeon Creek, Withrow, Fremont, Jonestown. Carson's, Fallowfield, Twilight and Rodgers.
The following were some of the land holders in the territory now embraced by this township on or before the years mentioned: Joseph Brinton, 1780; John Adams, 1780; John Buffington, 1780; Joseph Brown, 1780; Isaac Powell, 1780; Vincent Colvin, 1780; John Cramer, 1780; James Innis, 1788; William Wood, 1780; Amos Bailey, 1785; Henry Krepps, 1786; Frederick Cooper, 1771; John Reef, 1769; Isaac Newkirk, 1786; William Nib- lick, 1786; Peter Chesrown, 1780; John Ringland, 1796; Joseph and Christopher Graybill, Noah Williams, Thomas Carson and Edward Nixon.
Fallowfield Township was the seat of many industries in early days. There were numerous taverns, mills and distilleries. Pigeon Creek was then lined with grist- mills, the product of which was hauled overland to Pitts- burg on sleds in winter. Flour was worth $4.00 per barrel delivered in Pittsburg. It is seen from the assess- ment roll for 1788 that the following men owned saw- mills :
Joseph Allen, Joseph Chester, Samuel Dixson, Robert and John Jackman, Thomas Parkison and William Par- kers. The average assessment for sawmills was thirty- four pounds.
The following owned grist mills: Nathan Haild, Ben- jamin Hinds, Robert and John Jackman, James Young and Thomas Parkison (two mills). The average assess- ment for grist mills was 100 pounds.
There were the following ferry owners: Peter Cast- ner, Neal Gillespie, Thomas Pew, and Thomas Jackman. The average assessment for ferries was thirty pounds.
In early times a mill and a distillery were operated on the land of Christopher and Joseph Graybill. These were located on Pigeon Creek above the mouth of Cave Run. The Run probably received its name from a cave on this farm near the mill. Peter Cheserown built a saw- mill and a grist mill soon after 1780. John A. Redd built another mill on the site of the Cheserown mill about sixty years ago. The mills were located on the south bank of Pigeon Creek at the mouth of Maple Run. A
short distance below these mills a stone mill called the "Union Mill" was built by John Rodocker, and is still standing, it being on the land of Walker and Taylor. Another mill was built by Samuel Frye near the old Frye homestead prior to 1820.
John Ringland came to this region in 1796 and built a house and mill on what is known as the Ringland farm on the south branch of Maple Creek. The farm is now in Allen Township. Probably the oldest water-mill on Pigeon Creek was Hair's mill. James Hair purchased the mill together with the farm from George Platter in 1806. This mill was constructed of hewed logs. James Hair also built a sawmill on this farm and another at another point on Pigeon Creek. These two latter mills still stand and are on the farm of William Williams.
As late as 1870 the township had a tannery, two grist mills, one distillery, two manufacturers of sorghum, five sawmills and one extensive vineyard. Snyder's Tannery was a familiar land mark thirty years ago. There were also numerous taverns kept in the township in early days, and also many stills. In 1788 the average assess- ment for a still in Fallowfield Township was twenty- five pounds. There were then thirty-five negro slaves with nineteen slave owners. The average assessment for a slave was twenty-eight pounds.
The villages in Fallowfield Township are Ginger Hill, Jonestown and Lover. Charleroi was struck off this township February 8, 1892, and North Charleroi (for- merly Lock No. 4) became a borough May 14, 1894.
GINGER HILL.
The small village of Ginger Hill is located on the Washington and Williamsport Pike and on the boundary line between Fallowfield and Carroll Townships. A rather amusing story is told of the origin of its name. On a dark, stormy night in the fall of 1794 the still of Squire David Hamilton was seized by Robert John- son, excise collector of Washington and Allegheny Coun- ties. Hamilton not in the least excited, prevailed upon the officers to remain under his roof till morning. The evening was spent in conversation on the excise tax, it being enlivened by long and oft-repeated draughts of "Black Betty." Now, the Squire, a shrewd old Scotchman, had previously "doctored" the drink with Jamaica Ginger. The officers, becoming intoxicated, at last dropped off to sleep one by one. The still was hur- riedly packed off many miles across country and safely hidden before the sleepy excise officers awoke in the morning. From that time to this the village has always been known as Ginger Hill.
At the present time there are five dwelling houses and a blacksmith shop in the village. The Monongahela Natural Gas Company supplies gas, and telephone service is given over the lines of the Bell Telephone Company.
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HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY
JONESTOWN.
Jonestown is a village six miles from the Monongahela River, on the state road leading from Canonsburg to Bellvernon. The village was laid out by John Jones in 1828. A postoffice was established at Jonestown in 1857. The first postmaster was Edward Creighton. In 1850 Jonestown had a population of fifty persons. In 1880 there were nine dwellings, a store, schoolhouse and blacksmith shop in the village. At present there are twelve dwellings. Gas is supplied and the Bell telephone used.
LOVER.
Lover is the name of a postoffice in the southwest part of Fallowfield Township. A few houses are in this little country village.
The following churches are in Fallowfield Township: Ebenezer Methodist Episcopal, Newkirk Methodist Epis- copal, Maple Creek Baptist, Maple Creek Christian.
There are three cemeteries in the township, the Pres- byterian Burying Ground, the Maple Creek Cemetery, and the Newkirk Cemetery.
The Maple Creek Baptist Church was first called the "Baptist Church Enan." The first business meeting of the church was held in the year 1791. The congre- gation at first worshipped in a log meeting house near the mouth of Maple Creek on the bank of the Monon- gahela River, opposite the present town of Belle Vernon. This building was built on land afterward (in 1842) donated by Rev. Henry Speers. It was replaced by a brick church. A graveyard was connected with the church.
About 1875 a new frame church was built on land of John S. Carson on Carson's Ridge. The church is almost abandoned now, there being very few members left.
One of the finest cemeteries in this part of the county is the Maple Creek cemetery near this church. This is a public cemetery and has been used since about the year 1879.
Maple Creek Christian Church-The Maple Creek con- gregation was organized October 17, 1857, by James B. Piatt and Samuel B. Teagarden. Services were held in a schoolhouse during the first ten years. A frame church building was erected on land donated by Dutton Shannon and wife in 1867. About 1894 many members of this congregation having gone to Charleroi, those remaining leased the Maple Creek Baptist Church for ten years and five years ago they built a frame church near the Maple Creek Baptist Church. There is at pres- ent no settled pastor. The membership is about fifty.
Newkirk Methodist Episcopal Church was formerly called the Pigeon Creek M. E. Church. In 1836 the Methodists of this district built a brick church on
land of Cyrus Newkirk and William Niblack, on the road from Bentleyville to Monongahela City. Afterward, about the year 1857, the church was torn down and another built at a place about 200 yards from the original site, where it is now located-near Weaver Station, a mile northeast of Bentleyville. Soon after this new church was built the roof was blown off by a tornado. The present pastor is Rev. J. S. Allison, Jr. The church has a bright outlook as it is located in a growing community.
Ebenezer Methodist Episcopal Church-The Congre- gation of this church built a meeting house in 1850 on land purchased from Joshua A. Baker on the Bellever- non Road, about a mile north of East Bethlehem post- office. About 1901 a new building was erected on the site of the old one. The church is in the Allenport charge. The present pastor is Rev. J. S. Allison, Jr. The Newkirk and Bentleyville M. E. Churches are under the Bentleyville charge which has a membership of 301.
Maple Creek Presbyterian Church-This church was located on Maple Creek two miles from Jonestown. The congregation was organized in 1842. The land on which the Maple Creek Presbyterian church was built was donated by Rachel and Mary Earel under the condition that it should revert to Andrew Waller in case the church should cease to be used for church pur- poses. The first church building was replaced by a second, and it having been abandoned, the land passed into the hands of Andrew Waller. This congregation removed to and erected a church in California, this county. The pulpit was filled for some time by supplies. Rev. J. W. Kerr was the first pastor.
Another Presbyterian Church was in existence at one time in this township. The congregation purchased land from Christian Stockers in 1800 and built a house of worship. A graveyard was connected with the church. This congregation has long ago ceased to exist, its prop- erty has fallen into ruins, and only the burying ground re- mains.
German Lutheran Church-At the same time (1800) as the Presbyterian congregation purchased their land, a German Lutheran congregation also obtained land from Christian Stockers. Upon the congregation changing their place of worship to Ginger Hill the church passed into the hands of Frederick K. Cooper and continued to be used as a dwelling.
Fallowfield Grange No. 1382, was organized in 1908. J. V. Cooper is Master and Mrs. Daniel Snyder, lecturer. Meetings are held at Carson schoolhouse.
The Bellevernon gas field extends in a southwesterly direction from the vicinity of Smithdale, on the Youg- hiogheny River, in Allegheny County, to the South Branch
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of Maple Creek in southern Fallowfield Township in Washington County, the width varying from a mile or less in the northeastern portion to three miles or more west of the Monongahela River in Washington County. This field appears to possess a close and definite relation to the geologic structure. Without exception the wells occur either along the crest of the arch of the anticline, or within three-quarters of a mile on either side. Natur- al gas is not confined to a single horizon, but may occur at a number of levels, even in a single well. In the Bellevernon field the Big Injun, Gantz and Fifty-foot sands are the principle producing strata. The average depth of the Big Injun is not far from 1,450 feet; to the Gantz sand, 2,050 feet; and to the Fifty-foot, 2,100 feet. The first productive oil well in the Belle- vernon field was drilled by the Bellevernon Light and Heat Company. It was located on the John B. Carson farm in Washington County at a point not far from Maple Creek and about a mile above its mouth, and was completed in September, 1887. Gas was obtained from several beds, the main supply apparently being from the Fifty-foot sand at a depth of from 2,040 to 2,060 feet, or a little over 2,000 feet below the Pittsburg coal. The success of this well produced considerable excitement and led to active drilling. About twenty wells, most of them good producers, were sunk in the following seven months.
The largest was the B. L. Parson well, also owned by the Bellevernon Light and Heat Company, and was drilled in 1888. It is in Fallowfield Township on the south branch of Maple Creek, three-fourths of a mile from its southeast corner. Gas appears to have been encountered in the salt sand and again in the Gantz, but the main supply was from the Fifty-foot. The gas escaped for a month before it was shut in, the roar being audible for from ten to twenty miles under favor- able conditions. In a five and three-eighths inch casing it showed an open pressure of fifteen pounds per square inch, and in a four-inch casing an open pressure of twenty-five pounds. On shutting it in at the end of a month a minute pressure of 585 pounds and a rock pressure of 800 pounds was obtained. Another well of the same company gave a minute pressure at the start of 620 pounds and a rock pressure of 850 pounds.
The drilling continued in the Maple Creek district until fifty or more wells had been sunk, nearly all being good producers with minute pressures of from 200 to 500 pounds. The average life of the wells, however, was only five or six years, and in 1894 the supply had decreased to such an extent that "wild-catting" was begun in search of new fields, which were found east of the Monongahela River. The gas is piped to towns along the Monongahela River and used for domestic and minor manufacturing purposes.
The axis of the Bellevernon anticline crosses the river near the mouth of Maple Creek. Beyond this point the anticline rises rapidly to a pronounced dome, the cen- tral point of which is between the two branches, of Maple Creek, about a mile northwest of the old B. L. Parson well, or some two miles southwest of Charleroi. The largest wells of the field were obtained either on the southeast flanks of this dome or near the crest. At the dome the axis of the anticline makes a bend to the south, passes near the office of the Philadelphia Company on the South Branch of Maple Creek, con- tinues with minor swings through East Bethlehem, and leaves the quadrangle about a mile north of Riverville.
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