USA > Pennsylvania > Washington County > Washington > History of the city of Washington and Washington County, Pennsylvania and representative citizens 20th century > Part 23
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POSTAL FACILITIES.
Communication of information through the county has taken a decided advance since the year 1900. Post- master John W. Pry, of Burgettstown, who has held that position for many years, has in his possession a small handbook printed in the year 1811, containing a list of all the postoffices in the United States at that time. There were eight in Washington County, to-wit:
Amity, Burgettstown, Canonsburg, Washington, Fred- ricktown, Parker's Ferry, West Alexander and West Middletown. This book states that in 1790 there were 75 postoffices in the United States, and the amount of postage for that year was $37,934.92, leaving a net reve- nue of $5,794.75, obtained for the extending of post roads 1,875 miles. In that day envelopes were not used, but the paper was folded and sealing wax used to seal the corners on the back. The following rates of postage were then in use: For a single letter, composed of one sheet of paper, distance not more than 40 miles, 8 cents; 40 to 90 miles, 10 cents; 90 to 150 miles, 121/2 cents; 150 to 300 miles and not exceeding 500 miles, 20 cents; over 500 miles. 25 cents. This was about the same rate charged in 1797. Newspaper postage, 1 cent for 50 miles and over 50 miles, 11/2 cents. Double let- ters or those composed of two sheets of paper were charged for at double those rates, triple letters at triple those rates and quadruple letters at quadruple those rates. Postage was then paid by the person receiving the letter.
The wonderful advancement of the world is seen in the fact that postage all over the United States was reduced to 3 cents over a half century ago, and now 2 cents will carry a letter anywhere in the United States and to some foreign countries, and the postage receipts in the United States is considerably over $200,000,000. At the beginning of the present century the great major- ity of the postoffices throughout the county were discon- tinued and the method of delivering letters and collect- ing them by carriers riding from house to house was established. The increase in the receipts of the Wash- ington postoffice, in the eight years ending in 1908, was $22,333, which was close to an increase during this period of 100 per cent. In 1905 the Washington post- office became a first-class office by its receipts rising above $40,000. On June 21, 1906 the postoffice at Wash- ington was moved from South Main Street to its present new building on West Maiden Street, for which the United States Government appropriated $80,000, includ- ing $18,000 for the site. Thirteen offices in the county have receipts of more than $2,000 each per annum. In 1908 the county had 81 postoffices, not including the two sub-stations in Washington. In addition to the daily mail to the threshold and places of business, a very large proportion of the dwellings in the county have telephones.
SLAVERY.
By the act of Assembly, passed by the Legislature of Pennsylvania in 1780, the condition of negroes held as slaves was made somewhat easier, and a time limit was given for service of all those who were then enslaved. Owners were obliged to register them in the county in
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129
HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY
which they were enslaved. A punishment was provided for those who gave any relief or shelter to any runaway negro or mulatto slave belonging in another State. More liberal minded people of Washington County were accustomed to sights which to them were disgraceful. One prominent man in the county was known to log- chain his female slaves to the harrow that both she and the oxen might be compelled to go on with the field labor. Gangs of slaves were frequently driven on the National Road through Fayette and Washington Coun- ties, even on the Lord's Day. Rev. C. S. Jennings, who lived in Washington in 1818, and afterwards in 1828, in his "Recollections of Seventy Years" states, "I have seen at different times the male slaves joined two and two by their wrists and the females walking behind in a hurried manner, with a master before with holsters and pistols, and one behind armed in the same way. Though some were instructed to sing as they went through towns, still, notwithstanding the pro-slavery sentiment then prevalent, the indignation of the people was stirred at the persons driving them as cattle to a market. "
The word "abolitionist" became very common, but their meetings were generally held in secret because of the hostility which was manifested against those who sym- pathized with the slave. The traveling lecturers who passed from town to town, mainly supported by the more generous opponents of slavery, often spoke in public to all who would listen. The Quaker societies were out- spokenly opposed to slavery and many of the Germans disapproved of it. It has been said that the house- holder who took the traveling speakers in for the night, ran the risk of having his windows broken, his out- buildings and hay stacks burned or any other petty dam- age done to his possessions. "The women of his family were subject to insult on the street, his children mis- treated in the schools and he jeered at and threatened with tar and feathers, or some such token of public dis- approval. A number of men in the county became brave and outspoken. Among the leaders around Wash- ington were Dr. Francis J. LeMoyne and later Maj. Samuel McFarland. West Middletown became a hot- bed of opposition to slavery and a very prominent station of what was called the "Underground Railway," (the name given to the secret method of assisting slaves through Washington County toward Canada) was estab- lished there. At West Middletown was Thomas Mc- Keever, associate judge, his brother Matthew and father William, all very independent thinkers. Matthew Mc- Keever was said to be a close friend of the famous John Brown, who was afterwards executed in Virginia for leading a negro uprising. Brown purchased sheep and wool around West Middletown. Through the in- fluence of such men the open opposition became more
common and much secret aid was given to those slaves found escaping, notwithstanding the risk of punishment. One person yet living, a daughter of Agnes Rankin, who kept the inn at Rankin Town, now the Eighth Ward of Washington, was a girl of 15 years when a young slave master stopped with his four slaves at her mother's inn for a night's lodging. The young girl became thor- oughly incensed at seeing the pieces of bread thrown to the slaves as if they were dogs, and as soon as she could find the opportunity, after giving them better provisions than their master was willing to provide, she drew on her sunbonnet and started out into the night over the road which ran down through the present portion of the town known as Bellevue. The consultation she had in town that night resulted in the disappearance of the three younger slaves during the night. The oldest one refusing to go, saying he was too old and that he would only interfere with the safety of the others. Some time afterwards she received a letter coming from Can- ada, which assured her of the safety of the three slaves. The violence of the young master on the following morn- ing and his threats that he would take the life of whom- ever had aided in their escape, no difference how long a time might elapse, causes the aged lady yet to refrain from telling the story. It is said that the barber, Hugh Dorsey, well known in Washington by many of the pres- ent inhabitants, was the guide who disappeared with the young negroes, and who, after taking them to a place near Arden, concealed the trail and lodged them in Washington for several days.
The constant quiet agitation, aided by the public speakers, who were ready to risk their lives, resulted in secret combinations of friends of the cause scattered throughout this and other counties, which led to the formation of three direct lines of this "Underground Railroad" through Washington County. One from farms in Virginia or from Wheeling into West Middle- town, another from the south through Washington and sometimes Canonsburg, and the third from the south through California and along the river. The travelers upon these lines used no beaten track or iron rails, nor was any one line mapped out to be followed, as there was always delays and side switches by night from points on or off the line. Wherever a secret friend of the cause could be found there was a source of informa- tion and a constant line of scouts and guards, and from these private guides were obtained. Probably the best article that has ever been written on this subject is found in the Centennial Number of the Washington Daily Reporter, issued August 18, 1908.
The early rule was never to advise a slave to run away, but when they would enter this county they were certain to find aid, and it is said that no one that found an agent of the "Underground Railroad" in Washing-
130
HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY
ton County was ever captured. Maj. Samuel McFar- land, in Washington, was said to have as many as eighteen concealed at one time, and Matthew McKeever, who was a director of that road for forty years, as many as eight concealed near by his dwelling and their pres- ence was not even suspected by members of his own family, although they remained as long as four weeks.
The secret opposition became more open and the first meeting of the citizens of this county was held in the court house December 9, 1823, to form a society for the abolition of slavery. Another organization was again effected July 4, 1834. The excitement became so great that on October 2, 1835, a citizens' meeting, presided over by Judge Baird, was held to express a disapproval of the abolition cause and a resolution drawn by a com- mittee, including some of the most prominent men in Washington, adopted a resolution to the effect that any combination of citizens of one State organized for the purpose of disturbing the civil institutions of another State violates the spirit of union and the enactment of the Federal Constitution and tends to destroy the Union. January 18, 1836, Hon. T. M. McKennan, pre- sented a petition of the citizens of Washington County to the House of Representatives of the United States for the abolition of slavery and the slave trade in the District of Columbia. The proposition headed by Mr. McKennan was defeated, but tended to keep up the agi- tation. In June of that same year a town meeting pre- sided over by John R. Griffith, chief burgess, attempted to prevent abolitionists from holding meetings, as the citizens of the town deemed it unwise for the agents of the abolition societies to intrude their peculiar and offensive doctrines upon the people of the county. Three days later a public meeting at West Middletown replied announcing their disapproval of the meeting at Wash- ington as "proscriptive in their nature and disorderly in their tendency." Some of the people in Washington had attempted to mob those who were attempting to hold an abolition meeting and this almost precipitated a riot. The excitement of the times can not well be understood by the present generation.
Dr. F. J. LeMoyne was nominated for vice president by the Abolition Party of the United States in 1840 and this added to the political excitement. In 1848 Thomas Mckeever, of well known abolition spirit, was elected one of the associate judges of the county. In 1849 some members of the Presbyterian Church in the county withdrew from their church because the General As- sembly of that denomination had decided that slave holders were not to be barred from church fellowship.
These are but a few facts stated to give a glimpse into a life full of sympathy and excitement during these perilous times.
TEMPERANCE.
When Congress of the United States was in need of money in its infancy, a memorial was sent from the College of Physicians in Philadelphia recommending a tax on whiskey, as they considered its use injurious "both to the morals and health of the people." Such a bill was suggested in 1791 by Alexander Hamilton, approved by James Madison and passed. This led to the so-called Whiskey Insurrection, a remonstrance against what was considered unequal taxation of home manufactured products. As early as 1793 there were some in Washington County who were opposed to what they began to call the destruction of grain by manu- facturing it into intoxicants. An instance of this is given where Frederick Wise, the proprietor of Frederick- town, bound himself in an agreement to Isaac Jenkin- son and others, September 20, 1793, duly recorded, that no distillery for the destruction of grain and fruit shall be at any time erected on the premises of the town plot, by or under the said Wise or under any purchaser of his or their purchase. (Creigh, 96.) Total abstinence, how- ever, was unusual until near 1830, when the temperance wave resulted in total abstinence societies throughout a large part of the county, especially in the northern por- tion.
"The manufacture, sale, or keeping for sale of intox- icating liquor, to be used as a beverage is hereby pro- hibited," was offered as a proposed amendment to the Constitution of Pennsylvania, but was voted down at a special election June 18, 1889. It was carried in Wash- ington County, but was lost in Washington Borough. The efforts of the organizations known as the W. C. T. U., the Prohibition Party, the Anti-Saloon League and other independent thinkers has kept the agitation of the temperance question before the people. The large in- crease of the manufacture and sale of liquors in the county within recent years is attributed to Stote legis- lation and the large increase of foreign speaking peo- ples, who have been accustomed to a different civiliza- tion from that which existed in Washington County dur- ing the greater part of the last century. The efforts of Collin M. Reed, V. Harding, James P. Sayer, Esq., John Aiken, Esq., and other active men secured a decision from the Supreme Court permitting women as well as men to sign applications and remonstrances for and against a license to sell liquors. The sentiment in Wash- ington has prevented the licensing of any hotels and there has been no such hotels in that town for over half a century. Licensed liquor sales are almost wholly con- fined to the eastern part of the county, but the manufac- ture of beer in breweries and no law preventing their sale all over the county, keeps up an amount of crime
131
HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY
and sudden deaths which would be much reduced if total abstinence was the rule among the inhabitants of the county.
One of the friends of temperance in Washington County was Jerome Plummer, who died in Independence Township November 20, 1898. After providing for his wife, who was the only surviving member of his family, he provided that the remainder of his estate should be placed in the hands of trustees, the principal to be kept intact and the annual interest used "to promote, ad- vance tnd develop the cause of temperance in Washing-
ton County and prevent the licensing of saloons therein." Under the provision of this will the court appointed James G. Hanna, W. W. Hunter and C. S. Richie trustees. James G. Hanna died June 6, 1903, and D. M. Donehoo, Esq., of Washington, was appointed in his place. Mr. Donehoo later resigned and A. E. Walker, Esq., became his successor. The amount set aside for the purpose of this trust was $16,804.37. This fund has been of much benefit to the temperance cause in the county.
CHAPTER XII
WARS AFTER THE WHISKEY INSURRECTION.
With Great Britain in 1812-Texan War in 1836-Mexican War in 1846-Rebellion, 1861-65-Spanish-American War, 1898.
WAR OF 1812-1815.
After the close of the Revolutionary War, there were no military operations of sufficient importance, except the Whiskey Insurrection, to call into active service a soldierly organization, until the War of 1812.
Although the United States did not formally declare war against Great Britain until the 19th of June, 1812, it was the firing of a British Man-of-war into the United States frigate Chesapeake on July 18, 1807, that aroused the indignation of the people of Washington County, and led them to form a military organization. It was August 10, of this year, that 305 young patriots tendered their services at a meeting in Washington, to march at a moment's warning, to any part of the Union or elsewhere.
When war was declared, in 1812 or soon after, there were the following organizations among the militia of the county, ready to meet the British: Twenty-third Regiment, of near Burgettstown, commanded by Lieut. Col. John Vance, about 80 men; Eighty-second Regi- ment, which had its rendezvous at the house of R. Gra- ham, commanded by Lieut. Col. Joshua Dickerson, about 70 men; Twenty-second Regiment of the Borough of Washington and vicinity, commanded by Lieut. Col. Samuel Scott, about 90 men, and the Fifty-third Regi- ment, commanded by Lieut. Col. Joseph Bar, about 60 men. More had volunteered than were required. Excite- ment in the county ran high, for in addition to the British in the east, Gen. Hull had surrendered to the British, Canadians and Indians under the warrior Tecumseh on the north, and the worst rumors were afloat. One was that 5,000 British and Indians were advancing with barbarous ferocity upon our defenceless frontiers. Money was rapidly contributed to meet the immediate expenses of the troops. An idea of the excite- ment is obtained by a glimpse at Burgettstown. Monday evening out-riders brought the news of Hull's surrender. By Tuesday evening at a large assembly 200 had volun- teered to repel the enemy, and on Wednesday evening
all was bustle. A committee of arrangements was ap- pointed to provide wagons, provisions, etc. The young and old were employed all night making knapsacks and hunting shirts and tents. Children of 10 years were busy scraping lint for the medicine chests, blacksmiths were busy making tomahawks and knives, carpenters handling them. All were busy in some necessary work.
Col. Thomas Patterson's detachment of about 300 men got started Tuesday with five baggage wagons and eighteen bullocks and necessary supplies.
The battalion, including Patterson's men and those under Capt. William Vance, Capt. Samuel Rankin and Capt. Robert Withrews light brigade assembled at Flor- ence-Bryson's Cross Roads, and passed along the State Road to Georgetown and crossed the Ohio River for the West. John Vance was elected major. He soon re- turned with his troops, as there had been a false alarm.
The company of Williamsport Rangers, volunteers, re- cruited by Capt. James Warne from Williamsport, (now Monongahela City) was attached to the Fifty-third Regi- ment. The Washington Infantry, another volunteer com- pany was under Capt. William Sample. A company from the southern part of Washington County volun- teered under Capt. William Patterson. These with other soldiers from Washington County, started to the front and at Meadville, Pa., the battalion of Washington County was consolidated with the Bradford County Volunteers, under Col. Piper. Capt. James Warne was made major of the regiment thus formed and Lieut. William Hunter took his place as captain of the Will- iamsport Rangers. The regiment marched to the Nia- gara River below Buffalo, N. Y., and remained on duty until their six months of enlistment had expired, after which they were allowed to return home. No general attack was made on the British at this point.
Very few of the Washington County men were en- gaged in actual battle.
The companies of Capt. Buchanon, Capt. Thomas,
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Capt. Benjamin Anderson and the cavalry troop of Capt. John Shouse were under Gen. Richard Crook, of West Bethlehem Township, and served with honor in Gen. Harrison's western campaign in 1813.
Washington City, the capital of the United States, was taken almost without resistance August 24, 1814, and all its public buildings, Congressional Library, etc., except the Patent Office, were burned. Washington County got her quota of soldiers on the march to Baltimore to at- tack the British, but they were disbanded November 24, with the compliments of the governor of Pennsylvania, their services not being needed.
Capt. Anderson's company-There is in the possession
of Benjamin Anderson, of Claysville, his grandfather's book, being the "Order Book of Company of Drafted Militia of Washington County, commanded by Capt. B. Anderson, John Gordon, first sergeant, in the First Bat- talion, First Regiment, Pennsylvania Militia, Com- manded by Lieut. Col. Joel Ferree." From this book, which was afterward used for keeping accounts of a tanyard, we give the roll and mention some of the items of interest.
"Muster roll of a Company of Drafted Militia from Washington County commanded by Capt. B. Anderson, John Gordon, 1st Sergt."
Men's Names.
Rank,
Age, Feet, Inches,
Stature, Complexion,
Occupation,
Place of Abode.
Benjamin Anderson
Capt.
22
5 10
Stout
Fair
Farmer
Hopewell Twp.
James White.
Lieut.
28
6 00
Stout
Sandy
Farmer
Strabane Twp.
William Lindsay
Ensign
33
5 10
Slim
Dark
Farmer
Strabane Twp.
John Gordon ..
Sergt.
18
5 10
Stout
Dark
James Anderson.
Sergt.
20
6 1
Stout
Dark
Farmer
Hopewell Twp. Buffalo Twp.
John Anderson
Sergt.
25
5 10
Stout
Fair
Farmer
Strabane Twp.
Samuel Rankin
Sergt.
28
5 10
Stout
Sandy
Farmer
Strabane Twp.
John Sheerer
Corpl.
29
5 10
Stout
Dark
Farmer
Strabane Twp. Morris Twp.
James Parker
Corpl.
29
5
9
Stout
Fair
Joiner
+ Chartiers Twp. Hopewell Twp. Buffalo Twp.
Thomas Urie.
.Corpl.
26
5
8
Slim
Dark
Blacksmith
Strabane Twp.
John White.
Private
23
5
9
Stout
Fair
Farmer
Strabane Twp.
John Griffey.
Private
18
6
1
Stout
Dark
Farmer
Amwell Twp.
William Harris
Private
23
6
Stout
Dark
Farmer
Amwell Twp.
John McMillen
Private
25
5 11
Stout
Dark
Farmer
Strabane Twp.
John White.
Private
22
5 11
Stout
Fair
Farmer
Strabane Twp.
James Officer
Private
23
5 10
Stout
Fair
Farmer
Chartiers Twp.
William Kelly
Private
18
5
8
Stout
Dark
Farmer
Chartiers Twp.
Abraham Anderson
Private
22
6
1
Stout
Dark
Farmer
Chartiers Twp.
William Simpson.
Private
44
5
7
Stout
Dark
Farmer
Chartiers Twp.
John Laughlin
.Private
21
5
8
Stout
Fair
Blacksmith
Washington Boro
William Linn.
Private
20
5
8
Slim
Fair
Blacksmith
Washington Boro Strabane Twp.
John Dawson
.Private
30
5 1134
Stout
Fair
Farmer
Chartiers Twp.
John Castle.
Private
37
5 11
Stout
Fair
Farmer
Chartiers Twp.
Henry Miller
Private
43
5 10
Stout
Dark
Farmer
Chartiers Twp.
Edward Wier.
.Private
22
5 10
Stout
Sandy
Joiner
Buffalo Twp.
Philip Bidilion
Private
32
5 10
Stout
Sandy
Farmer
Canton Twp.
James Thompson.
Private
23
5 8
Stout
Dark
Shoemaker
Buffalo Twp.
Robert Ralston.
.Private
44
5 10
Stout
Fair
Farmer
Cecil Twp.
Alexander Dunlap
Private
31
5
9
Stout
Dark
Farmer
Cecil Twp.
Alexander McConnel.
Private
22
5 10
Stout
Fair
Farmer
Strabane Twp.
John Hawthorne
Private
40
5 10
Stout
Dark
Blacksmith
Hopewell Twp.
John Ralston ..
Private
44
5
8
Stout
Dark
Farmer
Buffalo Twp.
Christopher Stoolfire
Private
20
5
8
Stout
Dark
Farmer
Donegal Twp.
Eli Loyd
Private
28
5
10
Stout
Fair
Farmer
Donegal Twp.
John McCarty.
Private
32
5
8
Slim
Dark
Farmer
Hopewell Twp.
Sylvester Fowler
Private
23
6
1
Slim
Fair
Farmer
Hopewell Twp.
George Ramsey
Private
18
5 11
Stout
Dark
Farmer
Hopewell Twp.
Jacob Eliot.
Private
30
5 10
Slim
Dark
Farmer
Morris Twp.
Dan Drake.
Private
34
5 8
Stout
Dark
Stone Mason
Morris Twp.
8
Slim
Fair
Farmer
Andrew Rodger
Corpl.
34
11
Stout
Dark
Farmer
Ephraim Post
Corpl.
31
5 10
Stout
Dark
Farmer
Tames Walker
Corpl.
30
5
Moses Linn.
Private
18
5
8
Slim
Dark
Farmer
Hopewell Twp.
Joseph Ritner*
Private
32
5 10
Stout
Dark
Farmer
Cecil Twp.
Hugh Munnel.
Private
27
5 10
Stout
Dark
Farmer
Strabane Twp.
Leonard Pensel.
Private
28
5 10
Stout
Dark
Tailor
* Several times elected to the legislature and governor of Pennsylvania, 1835-8.
HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY
134
HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY
David Simpson
Private
34
5 10
Stout
Dark
Shoemaker
Morris Twp.
John Fawner
Private
20
5 10
Stout
Sandy
Farmer
Morris Twp. Strabane Twp.
Henry Mosier.
Private
26
5 10
Stout
Dark
Farmer
And. Holliday
.Private
25
5 10
Stout
Dark
Joiner
Finley Twp.
Kermit Ross ..
.Private
25
5 10
Stout
Fair
Farmer
Finley Twp.
Samuel Cummins.
Private
26
5
9
Stout
Fair
Stiller
Donegal Twp.
George Ostler.
Private
35
5
8
Stout
Fair
Farmer
Hopewell Twp.
James Harvey
Private
44
5
113/4
Stout
Dark
Farmer
Buffalo Twp.
Jacob McVey.
Private
22
5
9
Stout
Fair
Farmer
Morris Twp.
Hance McMiken
.Private
24
5
9
Slim
Fair
Farmer
Buffalo Twp.
Arch'd Waters
Private
20
5 10
Slim
Sandy
Farmer
Jefferson Twp.
Abram Delong.
Private
23
6
2
Stout
Dark
Farmer
Amwell Twp.
Joshua Heasly
Private
24
5
7
Stout
Fair
Farmer
Fayette Twp.
Alexander Jenkins
.Private
25
5
8
Stout
Sandy
Farmer
Jefferson Twp.
James Hufman.
Private
33
6
Stout
Fair
Farmer
Morris Twp.
Benjamin Hufman
.Private
35
6
Stout
Fair
Farmer
Morris Twp.
Rubin Seivins.
.Private
34
5
8
Robert Scot
Private
33
5 10
Stout
Dark
Farmer
Strabane Twp.
The entries indicate that this company assembled at Sheriff Williamson's, near Cross Creek, and from thence marched to Mansfield, now Carnegie, in Allegheny County, and soon joined Gen. Richard Crook's troops at Pittsburg, before starting west to Upper Sandusky. The date of the pay roll indicates that the company was in service prior to the first encampment, which was Camp Williamson, 10th November, 1812. General orders, issued.
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