USA > Pennsylvania > Adams County > The history and topography of Dauphin, Cumberland, Franklin, Bedford, Adams, and Perry counties [Pennsylvania] > Part 47
USA > Pennsylvania > Bedford County > The history and topography of Dauphin, Cumberland, Franklin, Bedford, Adams, and Perry counties [Pennsylvania] > Part 47
USA > Pennsylvania > Cumberland County > The history and topography of Dauphin, Cumberland, Franklin, Bedford, Adams, and Perry counties [Pennsylvania] > Part 47
USA > Pennsylvania > Dauphin County > The history and topography of Dauphin, Cumberland, Franklin, Bedford, Adams, and Perry counties [Pennsylvania] > Part 47
USA > Pennsylvania > Franklin County > The history and topography of Dauphin, Cumberland, Franklin, Bedford, Adams, and Perry counties [Pennsylvania] > Part 47
USA > Pennsylvania > Perry County > The history and topography of Dauphin, Cumberland, Franklin, Bedford, Adams, and Perry counties [Pennsylvania] > Part 47
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" Woselbst ich den 8ten zu Friederichton, eineneu angelegte stadt, in dem Schulhause eine Vorbereitungs-Predigt that, und denselbigen Tag meinen Weg in Gesellschaft eines Aeltesten dieser Gemeine, der sich freywillig anerbote mich durch Virginien zu begleiten, noch 34 Meilen weiter fortzetzte bis an Canogogee, da wir ueber das so gen- annte Blau Gebirge zogen, so dass wir nicht vor dem 9tn des Morgens um 2 uhr zu Canogogee in dem Hause eines ehrlichen Schweizers* eine angenehme Ruhe genossen mit Danksagung. Ich predigte alldor- ten noch den selben Tag. Diese Gemeine, gelegen gegen Mitternacht von Marienland, und also noch unter Pennsylvanien gehoerend, wurde von dem Prediger Monaccacy koennen bedient werden.
" Hier um diese Gegend sind sehr frucht bare Bau-und-Weidfelder, die beinahe ohne Duenge Tuerkisch Korn hervorbringen, worrunter Halmen sind von zehn und mehr Schuhen lang, und ein ueberaus shoenes Grass. Daherum wohnen noch viele Indianern, oder alte Einheimische des Landes, die sehr gutartig und dienstreich, und den Christen nicht ungeneigt sind, wenn sie nur durch starkes Getraenke nicht trunken gemacht wurden."
The first inhabitants were, as already remarked, from Ireland, Scot- land, and a few from Germany and Switzerland. Benjamin Chambers, the first settler, induced others, his countrymen, to immigrate to the Conococheague settlement. Soon afterwards, some Germans & Swiss descendants, principally from the lower part of Lancaster county, found their way into this settlement : since then they constitute a great proportion of the present population of this county. Many of the Ger- mans speak the language of their fathers ; but of late years the English has the preference with many whose grand-parents immigrated from Germany.
The first settlers of this county, experienced, in common with the frontier settlers, the difficulties and privations in new settlements-to these difficulties and privations, were superadded the horrors of war in its worst form. For eight or nine years, after the defeat of Brad- dock, in July 1755, the whole frontier of this county was exposed to
* Eines ehrlichen Schweitzers. The Revd. Schlatter does not name the " honest Swiss." It may have been Jacob Snevely, a Swiss Mennonite, who had emigrated from Switzerland, and settled at first at Conestogo, (now Lancaster county); but moved to the Conococheague settlement about the year 1737 or 1738. He had been tax collector for the south part of Hopewell township in 1739. The date of his warrant for land, bounded by land of King and Brown, is 1743. When Mr. Snevely set- tled here he was surrounded by Indians. He was, as I have been in- formed, the grandfather of Joseph Snively, Esq .; and the progenitor of all those, numerous as they are, who bear the name Snively in Frank- lin county. During the hostile incursions of the Indians into this re- gion of country, Mr. Snevely retreated, for security, to Lancaster.
The original homestead of Jacob Snevely is now occupied by An- drew Snively, Esq., in Antrim township.
41*
486
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY.
the incursions of Indian war parties, who, as is their custom, were marauding the country, and would often surprise the inhabitants, and many of whom were massacred in the most cruel manner, and others abducted, and inhumanly treated by the savages. So artful were these enemies, that notwithstanding the vigilance of the settlers, and the nu- merous stocades and forts they had erected to protect themselves, many of them fell victims, by day as well as by night, to these barbarians, whose desire for blood and revenge knew no bounds.
The character of these hardy settlers is graphically sketched, by the hand of another .- Patriotism was a predominant trait among the early Presbyterians of Conococheague, as well as the whole Kittatinny val- ley. They were conspicuous among the provincial troops in the old French war; and throughout all the Indian wars, they sustained near- ly the whole burden of defending the frontier.
When a new purchase was made (sometime before), they were the first to make an opening in the wilderness beyond the mountains; and when the alarm of the American Revolution echoed along the rocky walls of the Blue Mountain, it awakened a congenial thrill of blood of that race which years before, in Ireland and Scotland, had resisted the arbitrary powers of England.
Though the great body of them was patriotic, moral, industrious, and by no means diffident in any thing that should characterize a free and independent people, there were still some whose principles were rotten and whom neither reason could sway nor law restrain, as ap- pears from the subjoined,extract.
During the French war of 1755, the war of the Revolution, and the intermediate Indian war, Chambersburg was a small frontier village, almost the outpost of civilization. A considerable trade was carried on with the more remote settlements on the Pittsburg road, by means of pack-horses. In time of peace some traffic was carried on with the Indians. The vicinity of an Indian frontier is not the purest school of morals. The restraints of law and religion become relaxed. The Jaws of the provincial legislation were ill suited to the sudden and an- alogous emergencies of frontier life, and the people were very apt to make a law unto themselves, and institute a code of morals that would not be tolerated in better organized communities. The rigid discipline of the Scotch Presbyterians was introduced at a very early period into the Conococheague settlements, but it surpassed its powers to curb the wild and lawless spirit of the Indian traders and frontier men. As a consequence of this state of things, the Conococheague towns were in- tested during the revolution with a band of desperate marauders and counterfeiters, who hid defiance to all laws. They had an organized line from Bucks county through Chester and the Cumberland valley, into Virginia. The Doanes of Bucks county, Fritz of Chester county, and the men of Conococheague, (whose names might be mentioned if it were thought necessary,) together with other confederates in Virgin- ja and Carolina, drove a brisk trade during the revolution by stealing horses and cattle, and disposing of them to the British. When the British retired, they carried on an extensive trade among themselves, by stealing horses at the south; passing them along the line to the north where they could not be recognized, and exchanging them for others stolen at the north ; thus at that early day anticipating the gold- en dreams of our modern financiers, by equalizing the èzchanges.
487
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY.
The long narrow valleys and secluded coves behind the Blue Mountain afforded a convenient route, and secure hiding places. These were no shabby villains : they wore the finest dresses, sported the best horses, and could display more guineas and jewelry than any others in the settlement ; and though the source of their sudden wealth was suspec- ted, no one dared to prove it against them. When not engaged in the more important department of the trade, they resorted to counterfeiting continental money, and sauntering around the towns, where they would amuse themselves by putting tricks upon travellers. Wo betide the unlucky Doctor Syntax who in those days hitched his horse in the di- amond after night. If fortunate enough to find him at all, he would have great difficulty in recognizing him, with his mane, tail, and ears cropped, and possibly a little paint added by way of ornament. And equally unfortunate was any man who resisted or threatened to bring them to justice. His barn or his crops would be destroyed by fire. 'They thus for a long time defied public sentiment by threats, or eluded justice by concealment. At last two of them near Chambersburg, meet- ing a man on the highway with a bottle which they presumed to be whiskey, demanded it of him ; he gave it up without remark, and on tasting they found it to be fyeast! They broke it over his head in a rage, and otherwise abused him. This led to their arrest, and the de- tection of other crimes ; and they were hung at Carlisle. On being called out to execution, they refused to come ; but a smoke of brimstone made in the cell brought them to speedy submission.
The state of education is improving. The common school system has been adopted in every district except one township, Warren. The schools are in operation in 13 districts, in which 112 schools are open about five months and a half in the year, employing 96 male, and 17 female teachers, at an average salary of $17,72, of the latter $11,21 per month ; in these schools 3,282 male, and 2,711 females are taught, 70 of whom are learning German. A district tax has been raised of $11,- 781 74-the State appropriation was $8,136 00-cost of instruction $10,490 74 ; fuel and contingencies $904 70, for the year 1844.
Besides the public schools, other literary institutions, already no- ticed, exert a salutary influence upon the several classes of society.
The religious denominations are Presbyterian, Associate Reformed, German Reformed, Lutheran, Methodist, United Brethren in Christ, German Baptist, Mennonites, and Church of God.
Poorhouse .- Ample provision is made for the support of the poor. The poor house near Chambersburg, contains on an average about 100 paupers. There is a farm connected with it of 188 acres, and is very productive.
HISTORY OF BEDFORD COUNTY.
CHAPTER XXXV.
BEDFORD COUNTY.
Bedford county erected-Extracts from Court Records, &c .- Limits of Bedford reduced-Surface of the county diversified-Description of, &c .- Geology of the county-General statistics of 1840-Synopsis of census of 1840-Streams described-Public improvements.
BEDFORD county, originally a part of Cumberland county, was taken from it by an act of the Legislature, passed March 9, 1771 ; the boun- dary and limits of which were thus defined by said act, "That all and singular the lands lying and being within the boundaries following : that is to say, beginning where the province line crosses the Tuscaro- ra mountain, and running along the summit of that mountain to the Gap near the head of Path Valley; thence with a north line to the Ju- niata ; thence with the Juniata to the mouth of Shaver's creek ; thence northeast to the line of Berks county; thence along the Berks county line northwestward to the west boundary of the province; thence southward, according to the several courses of the western boundary of the province, to the southwest corner of the province to the place of beginning.
By the sixth section of the same act it was ordained, "That it shall and may be lawful to and for Arthur St. Clair, Bernard Dougherty, James Coulter, William Proctor and George Woods, Gent. or any of them, to purchase and take assurances to them and their heirs of a piece of land, situate in some convenient place in the said town (Bed- ford) in trust, and for the use of the inhabitants of the said county, and thereon to erect a court house and prison."
Robert McCrea, William Miller and Robert Moore, were appointed to run, mark out and distinguish the boundary lines between Cumber- land and Bedford counties.
The first Court of General Quarter Session of this county was held at Bedford the 16th of April, 1771, before William Proctor, Robert Cluggage, Robert Hanna, George Wilson, William Lochery & William McConnell, Esqrs. Justice of our Lord the King, to hear and determine divers felonies and misdemeanors committed in the said county.
The Grand Jury consisted of the following gentlemen-
James Anderson, foreman : Charles Cesna, James McCashlin, Tho- mas Kenton, Allen Rose, George Millekin, John Moore, Robert Cul- bertson, George Funk, John Huff, Rinard Wolfe, Vallentine Shadacer;
489
HISTORY OF BEDFORD COUNTY.
Thomas Hay, Samuel Drennin, Edward Rose, Samuel Skinner, Wil- liam Parker, Christopher Miller, Thomas Croyal, Adam Sam, Jacob Fisher, David Rinard.
The first Justices of the Peace for the county appointed by the Gov- ernor, March 12, 1771, were : John Frazer, Bernard Daugherty, Arthur St. Clair, William Crawford, James Millingan, Thomas Gist, Dorsey Penticost, Alexander McKee, Wm. Proctor, jr., Robert Hanna, William Lochery, George Wilson, Robert Cluggage, Wm. McConnell and Geo. Woods.
April term 1771-Tavern keepers recommended to the Governor were: Margaret Frazer, Jean Woods, Frederick Naugle, Geo. Funk, John Campbell.
July 1771-James Anderson, Andrew Bonjour, Thomas Campbell, Joseph Irwin, John Miller, Samuel Paxton.
January Session of 1783 the Court fixed the following tavern rates, in Bedford county. £. s. d. 0 1 6
One bowl of West India rum toddy
0
1 0
Do. Whiskey "
0 1 0
Each bowl to have one half pint of liquor 0
Half a pint of West India rum
1 0
Do. Continental rum
0
0
6
Do. Whiskey
0 0 6
Beer and cider each per quart
0 0 6
Dinner supper and breakfast each
0 1 0
Horse and hay per night
0 0 6
The above to be the rates of tavern expenses and to be set up tc public view in every tavern in the county ef Bedford.
Done by the Court the 17th of July 1783.
BARNARD DAUGHERTY, President.
The following attorneys appeared and were admitted, on motion of Bernard Daugherty, Esq., Robert Magaw, Andrew Ross, Philip Pel- dleton, Robert Galbraith, David Sample and James Wilson, and at the July term, July, 16, 1771, David Grier, David Espy and Geo. Brent.
Arthur St. Clair was the first Prothonotary, Recorder of Deeds, Re- gister and Deputy Register for the Probate of Wills.
The first Commissioners were Robert Hanna, Dorsey Pentecost and John Stephenson ; the Assessors were James Pollock, Samuel Miller, Solomon Sheppard, Joseph Bealer, James Cavet and Richard Wells, jr. At the same session the Court appointed the following township officers, viz :
Air township-Jacob Rush Constable, John Burd Supervisor, James Galloway William Lata, Overseers of Poor.
Armstrong township-Edward Cahil Constable, Geo. Leazer Super- visor, William Styphel James Craig, Overseers of Poor.
Barru township-Wm. Shirley Constable, Samuel Anderson, Su- pervisor, James Siple John Wilson, Overseers of Poor.
Bedford township -John Rodes twp. Henry Creiton town Constables, Thomas Kenton Supervisor, John Miller Samuel Drenrim, Overseers of Poor.
Brother Valley township-John Huff Constable, Henry Rhode, sen., Supervisor, Rcd. Wells Gabriel Rhode, Overseers of Poor.
Do. Continental or other rum
490
HISTORY OF BEDFORD COUNTY.
Colerain township-John Moore Constable, Samuel Moore Super- visor, Oliver Miller Wm. Parker, Overseers of Poor.
Cumberland township-Thos. Davis Constable, Thos. Jones Super- visor, Thos. Coulter Sam'l Barret, Overseers of Poor.
Dublin township-James Foley Constable, Jas. Cluggage Supervi- sor, Benj. Elliot Charles Boyle. Overseers of Poor.
Fairfield township-Robert Loughlin Constable, John Campbell Su- pervisor, Thos. Jameson Garrett Pendegrass, Overseers of Poor.
Hempfield township-Wendel Urie Constable, Joseph Erwin Super- visor, Joshua Meck James Bird, Overseers of Poor.
Mt. Pleasant township-Wm. Perry Constable, Jas. Fletcher Super- visor, Joseph Rone John Shepeard, Overseers of Poor.
Pitt township-Wm. Troop Constable, Wm. Elliot Supervisor, De- vereaux Smith Con. Wend. Miller, Overseers of Poor.
Ross Straver township-Wm Lynd Constable, Rob. Thompson Su- pervisor, Henry Spears Rob. McConnell, Overseers of Poor.
Spring Hill township-Lewis Seltzer Constable, Charles Burkham Supervisor, Jno. Wm. Province Luke Collins, Overseers of Poor.
Tyrone township-Sam'l Lyon Constable, Lawrence Harrison Su- pervisor, Ebenezer Zane John Stinson, Overseers of Poor.
Tullyleague township-Andrew Boys Constable, Supervisor none, Overseers of Poor, none.
When the county was first organized it included the whole north- western and southwestern part.of the province. Since, it has been gra- dually reduced to its present limits. It was first reduced by annexa- tion of a part of it to the county of Northumberland, March 21, 1772. which was erected out of parts of Lancaster, Cumberland, Berks, Nor- thampton and Bedford; then by the establishment of Westmoreland in 1773, of Huntingdon in 1787, and Somerset in 1795; and is now bounded as follows : on the north by Huntingdon and east by Frank- lin counties; south by the State of Maryland, and west by Somerset and Cambria counties. Length about 44 miles ; breadth 34; area 1,520 square miles. Population in 1790 was 13,124; in 1800 12,039; in 1810 15,746 ; in 1820 20,248 ; in 1830 24,502; in 1840 29,335. Aggre- gate amount of property taxable in 1844 $3,294,386 00. The county is at present divided into the following townships, viz: Air, Bedford, Bel- fast, Bethel, Colerain, Cumberland Valley, Dublin, Greenfield, Hope- well, Londonderry, Napier, Hrovidence, Southampton, St. Clair, Wood- berry, Broad Top, East Providence, West Providence, Union, North Woodberry, South Woodberry, Licking Creek, Middle Woodberry, Monroe and Harrison, and several boroughs, which will be mention- ed in the sequel.
The face of the country is greatly diversified ; mountainous, uneven, broken, undulating and level. Numerous mountains or high ridges intersect the county, passing across it in a direction nearly north and south, which are separated by vallies of irregular width. The first prominent mountain that presents itself is the Cove or Tuscarora mountain. The Tuscarora separates Franklin from Bedford. A small valley or rather Cove intervenes between this and Scrub Ridge, which is not so high as the first mentioned ; then we next meet with Sideling Hill, which extends from the Maryland line across the county, and into Huntingdon county as far as the Juniata river, a distance of more than 50 miles. Next is Broad Top, extending northeast from Hopewell
491
HISTORY OF BEDFORD COUNTY.
township, into Union township, Huntingdon county-coal obounds in this county. South of Broad Top or Harbour mountain, Ray's Hill, Clear Ridge, and several other ranges extending southward into Mary- land. Immediately west of these is Warrior Ridge, which extends from the south boundary of the county, northeast through Southampton and Providence townships, to the Raystown branch of the Juniata river. Next is Tussey's mountain, stretching quite across the coun- ty, and thence northward through Huntingdon and Centre counties towards the West Branch of the Susquehanna. Further west is Dunning's mountain, a continuation of Eviti's mountain from the vici- nity of Bedford. Evitt's mountain rises in Maryland, north of the Po- tomac, and runs into this county to the Raystown Branch, dividing Cumberland Valley and Bedford townships, from Southampton & Cole- rain. Its length is this about 19 miles. Wills' mountain, also rises in Maryland on the north side of Wills' creek. runs into this county a short distance north of the fown of Bedford; and beyond then is the Allegheny, which forms part of the western boundary of the county.
Besides these mountains are a number of knobs and elevated, rugged ridges, that contribute much to the diversified aspect of the country. Nor is the aspect of the country more diversified than are the geologi- cal features.
Though the aspect of the country is rugged and forbidding, and a goodly portion unproductive, nevertheless, there are to be found be- tween lofty ridges and mountains, delightful valleys, studded with comfortable dwellings; healthy and prolific families, with all the com- forts of life in abundance, and every thing that renders life comfort- able.
Limestone is found east of Tussey's mountain, crossing the Juniata at Bloody run; and also about the town of Bedford, from which it extends on the west of Evitt's mountain to the Maryland line.
Another long narrow belt of the same limestone, ranges from the southern boundary of the state up Wills' creek on the west of Wills' creek on the west of Wills' mountain, stretching north eastward quite across the country to Juniata near Hollidaysburg.
The fossiliferous sandstone will generally be found to accompany the limestone last mentioned, commonly forming sharp rough hills along the side of the valley which contains the limestone. The dark and olive colored slates, with the gray and red sandstones and red shales of the next two formations, and occupy most of the country between Scrub Ridge and Sideling Hill, and also from the latter to Warrior ridge.
In the western part of the county there is also a broad belt of these formations extending from the limestone and fossiliferous sandstone to the Alleghany mountain. The coarse gray sandstone of the next formation is found in Sideling Hill, Rays Hill, Harbour mountain, and on the eastern front of the Alleghany.
The red shale next below the coal measures is seen at the base of Broad Top in Wells' Valley, and westward in Ground Hog Valley. The sandstone which lies immediately below the coal of the Broad Top region, differs from the general character of the same formation below the other coal measures of the State, having less of the pebbly conglomerate character, and more resembling the sandstone between the coal beds themselves.
492
HISTORY OF BEDFORD COUNTY.
Broad Top mountain, only a part of which is in this county, is a broad, irregular plateau, having several spurs running out towards the bounding valleys. Beds of coal have been opened on it in many pla- ces, and have been found to be from 3 to 8 feet thick ; yielding coal of good quality, though less bituminous than that west of the Alleghany mountain. This region has been but imperfectly explored, and the number of coal seams, with their extent and relative positions, has not been fully ascertained. Iron ore occurs in many parts of the county, and is extensively mined in several places for the supply of furnaces. The best kind is found in Morrison's Cove.
According to the statistics of 1840, Bedford county contained 9 far- naces, which produced 7,765 tons of cast iron ; 2 forges produced 8398 tons of bar iron ; 14,497 tons of fuel consumed in the manufacture of iron, employing 821 men including mining operations, capital invested $253,000 ; coal dug 8,100 bushels, employed 10 hands, capital invested $900 ; horses and mules 8,698, neat cattle 53,213, sheep 82,055, swine 95,716 value of poultry $10,320; wheat 347,704, barley 5,531, oats 591,371, rye 295,051, buckwheat 52,851, corn 329,956, pounds of wool, 66,699, hops 3,516, 3,516, wax 2,146, bushels of potatoes 284,222, tons of hay 33,384, tons of flax 52, pounds of sugar made 3,207, cords of wood sold 2,200, products of the orchard valued at $5,667, home-made goods $10,544, stores of all kinds 40, capital invested $120,900 ; value of machinery manufactured $2,700; bricks and lime $4,900, hands employed in making brick 16, capital invested $650; 11 fulling mills, 1 woolen factory, value of manufactured goods $9,700, 18 hands em- ployed, capital $11,500 ; various manufactures $26,770, persons em- ployed 94; capital invested $8,334 ; value of hats and caps manufac- tured $3,200; 10 persons employed, capital $1,1000; 22 tanneries ; tanned 6,546 sides of sole leather, 4,847 upper ; 43 hands employed ; capital $35,200, 26 hands employed, various other manufactories of leather ; $93,525 value of manufactured articles, capital $6,735 ; 9 dis- tilleries, manufactured 40,600 gallons, 9 hands employed, capital $,600; 1 powder mill, made 4,000 pounds, 2 men employed, $800 capital ; value of drugs, paints, &c., $1,200, capital $35,005 ; 12 potteries, $5 .- 350 val. of articles, 17 hands employed, capital $1,900; 2 printing of- fices, 5 men employed, $4,800 capital ; value of carriages and wagons manufactured $8,025 ; 27 hands employed, capital $4,205 ; 19 flouring mills, made 8,400 barrels of flour, 12 grist mills, 43 saw mills ; value of manufactures $17,065, 74 men employed, $69,620 capital ; furniture manufacture $11,850, 38 men employed, $3,790 capital; houses built 11 brick, 7 wooden, 117 men employed, value of constructing build- ings $32,050. Total capital invested in manufactures $192,039.
MALES.
CENSUS of 1840 of BEDFORD CO., PA.
under 5
5 and under 10
10 and under 15
15 and under 20
20 and under 30
30 and under 40
40 and under 50
50 and under 60
60 and under 70
70 and under 80
80 and under 90
5 and under 10
10 and under 15
15 and under 20
20 and under 30
30 and under 40
40 and under 50
50 and under 60
60 and under 70
70 and under 80
80 and under 90
Males of all ages.
Females &c.
Bedford boro'
81.
451
51|
59
114
68
38/ 201
12
21
31
71
57
501
80|
89
55|
27| 231
15
31
1
28
26
Bedford,
155
129
122
91
128
89
69
38
9
10
7
134!
127
85
85
131
68
68
29
16
14
1
59
54
Broad Tay,
101
81
69
51
75
46
32
26
11
7
79
74
59
61
82
42
36
21
11
11
0
5
4
Cumberland Val'y
75
63
62
60
57
44
38
26
4
8
2
60
73
62
52
56
44
38
13
6
6
2
34
19
Colerain,
139
96
91
66
89
48
49
38
13
2
104
90
72
64
88
39
50
23
18
3
3
]
0
Greenfield,
172
176
126
124
151
81
86
32
22
7
3
143
118
131
114| 146
67
81
34|
11
2
2
0
0
Hopewell,
121
100
81
55
91
55
52
28
15
10
4
107
93
75
72
97
52
45
30
14
9
2
2
2
Martinsburg boro'
35
31
20
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