USA > Pennsylvania > Adams County > The history and topography of Dauphin, Cumberland, Franklin, Bedford, Adams, and Perry counties [Pennsylvania] > Part 54
USA > Pennsylvania > Bedford County > The history and topography of Dauphin, Cumberland, Franklin, Bedford, Adams, and Perry counties [Pennsylvania] > Part 54
USA > Pennsylvania > Cumberland County > The history and topography of Dauphin, Cumberland, Franklin, Bedford, Adams, and Perry counties [Pennsylvania] > Part 54
USA > Pennsylvania > Dauphin County > The history and topography of Dauphin, Cumberland, Franklin, Bedford, Adams, and Perry counties [Pennsylvania] > Part 54
USA > Pennsylvania > Franklin County > The history and topography of Dauphin, Cumberland, Franklin, Bedford, Adams, and Perry counties [Pennsylvania] > Part 54
USA > Pennsylvania > Perry County > The history and topography of Dauphin, Cumberland, Franklin, Bedford, Adams, and Perry counties [Pennsylvania] > Part 54
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The whole matter was investigated-the sheriff was called before the Assembly, publicly admonished by the speaker, and advised to preserve better order in future."
The Germans and Low Dutch were either Lutherans, German Re- formed, or Catholics : the latter principally in Conewago township ; and though few prior to 1760, are now very numerous, and constitute a highly respectable portion of the community of this county, and many of them influential and intelligent. In 1757, there were under the care of the Rovd. Mathias Manner, officiating priest, in York county (com- prising Adams) 116 German and 78 Irish Catholics.
The prevailing religions denominations are Catholic, Lutheran, Ger-
547
HITORY OF ADAMS COUNTY.
man Reformed, Methodist, Presbyterian, Dunkard or German Baptists, Mennonites, United Brethren, Church of God, Quakers or Friends, Episcopalian, all of whom have their regular places of worship.
During the French and Indian war, the Indians made occasionally hostile incursions into Adams, (then York) though greatly protected by the frontier settlements and the barrier of the South mountain, which shielded them to some extent against the savages : nevertheless, the more adventurous of the savages penetrated into the very heart of the settlements, perpetrated murders and abducted some, as will appear from the subjoined deposition :
York county, ss.
The affirmation of Richard Baird, of Hamilton's Ban twp., aged 22 years, who saith that his habitation being at the foot of the South mountain, on the southeast side thereof, on the 13th of April last, at 7 o'clock in the morning, he, this deponent, was in his house, with Kath- arine his wife, John his child about 7 months old, Thomas Potter, son of the late Capt. John Potter, Esq., Frederick Ferrick his servant, 14 years of age, Hannah McBride aged 11 years, William White 9 years old ; in his field were Samuel Hunter and Daniel McMenomy laborers, when a party consisting of 19 Indians came and captured Samuel Hun- ter and Daniel McMenomy in the field, and afterwards came to the dwelling house of this deponent, and 6 of them suddenly rushed into into the house, and were immediately driven out by this deponent and Thomas Potter; the door of the house was thrown down by our press- ing to keep the Indians out and their pressing to come in: they shot in the house at us, and shot away Thomas Potter's little finger. We then had time to know their numbers, and in a little time surrendered, on the promise of the Indians not to kill any of us ; and took us about 60 rods up the mountain, where thelr match coats lay; for they were na- ked except the britch clouts, leggings, moccasins and caps ; there they brought the two men that had been at work in the field, and in about half an hour ordered us to march, setting me foremost of the prisoners. We marched one after another at some distance ; at about seven miles they killed my child, which I discovered by seeing its scalp ; about 12 ('elock I saw another scalp, which I knew to be Thomas Potter's. I have since been informed they killed him at the place where their match coats lay. Friday the 14th, about 12 o'clock, they murdered Samuel Hunter, on the North mountain. They drove us over the Al- legheny mountains in a day and a half, and on Monday night about 10 o'clock I escaped-they having sent me several times about three rods from the fire to bring them water. In 9 nights and days I got to Fort Lyttleton, having had no food other than 4 snakes which I had killed and eat, and some buds and roots and the like; 3 Cherokee Indians found me about two miles from Fort Lyttleton, cut me a staff and pi- Joted me to the Fort.
In conversation with the Indians during my captivity, they informed me that they were all Delawares ; for they mostly all speak English. One spoke as good English as I can. The Captain said he had been at Philadelphia about a year ago. I asked them if they were not going to make peace with the English 3 The captain answered and said, they
544
HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY.
were talking about it when he was in Philadelphia last winter; but he went away and left them.
RICHARD BAIRD.
Affirmed and subscribed the 12th ) of May, 1758-Coramme Geo. Stevenson. S-
Education .- The state of education is on the advance. In several of the towns there are schools of advanced standing, and the schools conducted by well qualified teachers. Every township in the county except Germany, Latimore, Reading, Tyrone and Union, has adopted the Common School System. Thirteen districts have reported seven- ty-six schools; employing 73 male and 27 female teachers ; the former receiving an average salary of $17,94, and the latter $9,59 per month. In these schools 2,064 males and 1,594 females are taught. A district tax of $6,188.28 was raised. The State appropriation amounted to $3,844.00. Cost of instruction $5,517.34; fuel and contingencies $667.94. Besides the common schools, and subscriptions there are several academies in the county.
Support of the Poor .- In this, as well as other counties, ample provi- sion is made for the more unfortunate of mankind-the paupers .--- About a mile east of Gettysburg is a poor house, a hospital, with a farm of 150 acres attached to it, well stocked and pretty well improved. There is also a sohool in the poor house for the children ; and preach- ing every Sabbath. The inmates, chiefly foreigners, number from 90 to 100.
HISTORY OF PERRY COUNTY.
CHAPTER XLIII.
PERRY COUNTY.
Perry county organized-Situation of first court, &c .- Geology-Dif- ferent kinds of soil, &c .- Synopsis of census of 1840-Description of streams-Warren springs-Public improvements ; canals, turn- pikes, common roads and bridges.
This county was a part of Cumberland until 1820, when it was, by an act of the Legislature, passed March 22, organized into a separate county; it is bounded north by Juniata county, east by the Susquehan- na river, which separates it from Dauphin county ; south by Cumber- land and west by Franklin county. Owing to its natural boundaries, mountains and streams, enclosing it in a form of a triangle, its length is 38 miles ; breadth 14; the area 539 square miles. Population in 1820 11,342; in 1830 14,257; in 1840 17,096. Aggregate amount of property taxable in 1844 was $2,875,758 00.
The first Court of Common Pleas in Perry county, was held in Lan- disburg, on the 4th of December, 1820. Hon. John Reed, President Judge ; William Anderson and Jeremiah Madden, Esqrs. Associates. Daniel Stambaugh, Esq. High Sheriff.
The following is a list of lawyers admitted shortly after the organi- zation of the county:
George Metzger, John Creigh, William Ramsey, David Huling, Nich- olas B. Woods, Frederick M. Wadsworth, Samuel Alexander, James Hamilton, John D. Mahon, Isaac B. Parker, E. L. Benedict, Andrew Carothers, William N. Irvine, William H. Breckenridge, Alexander Mahon, William McClure, George A. Lyon, Alexander A. Anderson, John Williamson, Samuel Riddle, Charles B. Penrose, Chas. W. Davis.
The following is a list of the first Grand Jury:
William English, Juniata township ; Andrew Lynn, Tyrone ; Henry Beslin, Juniata ; Peter Mosses, Tyrone ; Jacob Weibley, Juniata; Con- rad Rice, Saville; William Brown, Juniata; Philip Fusselman, Tyrone; Christian Simons, Tyrone; Samuel Willis, Rye; Wm. Albigost, Green- wood ; William Porter, Buffaloe ; John Milligan, Saville; Daniel Mat- zer, Toboyne; Henry Hipple, Tyrone; Thomas Milligan, Saville; Moses Oatley, do .; Jacob Bird, do .; Nicholas Bird, Toboyne; Jacob Kogan, do. Joshua Jones, Juniata ; Thomas Kennedy, Tyrone ; John Eaton, do .; Jacob Kiser, Saville. >
List of Constables, same time :
George Fetterman, Buffaloe township ; John O'Brian, Greenwood ; 46*
546
HISTORY OF PERRY COUNTY.
Thomas Martin. Juniata ; Daniel McAlister, Rye ; Mathias Moyer, Sa- ville ; John Cree, Tyrone ; Abraham Kistler, do .; James McKim, To- boyne.
County Commissioners-1st Board :
Robert Mitchell, Thomas Adams, Jacob Huggins.
Prothonotary-Wm. B. Mitchell.
This county lies entirely within the central transition formation of the State. Geologically or physically viewed, the county is bounded on the south by the Blue mountain or Kittatinny; the Tuscarora forms the north western boundary, the Susquehanna the eastern ; these three prominent and well defined boundaries, enclose the county in the form of a triangle. The surface of this county is truly diversified, viz: moun- tainous, hilly, broken, undulating and level; this variety also gives character to the soil ; the richest and the poorest is to be met with in this county. The soil, where it is not too much broken by stony ridges is generally productive ; that portion formed from the calcareous rocks, is very fertile, and produced, when well cultivated, very abundantly, wheat, rye, oats, corn, &c.
The geological character of the county has been investigated, and is thus described by Mr. Trego, Assistant State Geologist.
" The geological character of this county will perhaps be best un- ' derstood by considering the several rock formations which it contains in a descending order, beginning with the highest. Two synclinal axes or lines of depression, pass across from the troughs of the coal basins on the east of the river, rising gradually to the southwest, and causing the rocks extending around their ends to dip and disappear, succes- sively in this direction.
Thus we find the red shale which underlies the conglomerate floor of the coal fields, extending across the Susquehanna above the town of Dauphin or Greensburg, and occupying a little nook or cove on the west side of the river; and again above Millersburg the same forma- tion, the red shale of Lykens' valley, crossing into Perry county and occupying a triangular area enclosed by Buffalo mountain.
The sandstone next in order below this red shale encloses it in Cove mountain, which is the union of Peters' and Second mountain; and in the north of Buffalo, which is an extension of Mahontongo mountain, joining with Berry's. Outside of these enclosing ridges, we have red shales and sandstones, extending for some distance on the river, and then uuiting at the western points of the mountains, and stretching for some miles up Sherman's and Buffalo creeks.
The next inferior series composed chiefly of olive colored slates, with strata of gray sandstone, beginning on the Susquehanna near the mouth of Fishing creek, ranges westward, widens east of Landisburg, and thence sweeps round on the north of the red shale and sandstone of Sherman's creek, again reaching the Susquehanna above Halifax. Here it unites with the corresponding formation of the northern basin, which extends westward on the north of Bloomsfield to a point on the head of Sherman's creek, northeast of Moreland church, whence its northern division passes north eastward, crosses the Juniata below Millerstown, and reaches the Susquehanna above Liverpool. The ex- terior limit of the area occupied by the last meutioned series, is gene- ally marked by a range of hills and ridges, containing the coarse fos- siliferous sandstone, with the accompanying limestone next below in geological position.
547
HISTORY OF PERRY COUNTY.
These extend on the north of the Blue Mountain as far as Wagner's gap, where they pass northward near Landisburg, and then northeast- ward by Bloomfied across the Juniata on the east. From the neighbor- hood of Bloomfield, the northern division of these formations passes westward to near Germantown, and then, folding back to the north- east, across the Juniata near Millerstown, and extends by Pfoutz's val- ley to the Susquehanna.
The red and variegated shales lying between the last mentioned lime- stone and the sandstone of the Kittatinney and Tuscarora mountains, are seen in a narrow belt along the northern side of the former, until widening out in the neighborhood of Landisburg, it extends northeast- ward nearly to Bloomfield, and up Sherman's creek to the foot of Con- ococheague ridge, and thence northeastward along the base of Tusca- rora mountain to Juniata, and so on towards the Susquehanna. Iron ore is found in many parts of the county, furnishing several furnaces.
Perry county lies between two prominent ranges of mountains, and the face of the country between these mountains is broken by a num- ber of hills and ridges. The soil where it is not too much broken by stony ridges, is generally productive, especially the portions formed from the decomposition of calcareous rocks, is fertile, and when care- fully cultivated amply repays the husbandman by abundant crops. Only a small proportion however of the soil is limestone; slate and gravel predominate. The following table exhibits, at one view, the quantity of different kinds of soil.
Limestone cleaned land
13,410
acres.
Limestone uncleared
6,050
"
Slate land cleared
46,660
",
Slate land uncleared
58,120
"
Gravel land cleared
53,100
"
Gravel land uncleared
21,610
"
Sand land uncleared
5,040
Mountain or Rock
68,240
Known to contain iron ore
40
The whole quantity of cleared land of all kinds in acres, 139,000; the whole quantity of uncleared land, but fit for cultivation, 54,000; unfit for cultivation 74,100 acres. The average value per acre of cleared land was in 1838 estimated at $25 an acre ; of woodland fit for cultivation $10; average value of woodland unfit for cultivation $5. The whole value of all the cleared land $1.527,000 ; of all the unclear- ed land $787,000 ; the whole number of farms 1,424; average size 140 acres ; average yield of wheat per acre fourteen bushels ; rye ten ; oats seventeen ; barley eighteen ; corn twelve.
According to the census of 1840, there in this county, eight furnaces, which produced 2,951 tons of cast iron; 2 forges and rolling mills which produced 1,300 tons of bar iron ; furnaces and forges consumed 16,152 tons of fuel ; employed 339 men including mining operations ; capital invested $303,150.
Live Stock-Horses and mules 4,383; 15,043 neat cattle ; 16,932 sheep; 21,485 swine ; poultry of all kinds, estimated at $6,403.
Cercal grains -200,638 bushels of wheat; 411 bushels of barley; 192,- 258 bushels of oats ; 143,519 bushels of rye ; 37,052 bushels of buck- wheat ; 150,095 bushels of Indian corn.
Various Crops-28,929 pounds of wool; 1,359 pounds of hops; 968
548
HISTORY OF PERRY COUNTY.
pounds of flax ; 89,369 bushels of potatoes ; 13,007 tons of hay ; 54 1ons of hemp and flax.
Four thousand, four hundred and eighty-two cords of wood sold the value of the products of the dairy, estimated at $14,329; value of the products of the orchard $9,374; value of home made or family goods $20,934.
Twenty-three tanneries, tanned 9,720 sides of sole leather ; 4,814 sides of upper leather ; employed 58 men ; capital invested $56,550 ; all other manufactories of leather, saddleries, &c. 31 ; value of articles manufactured $14.715 ; capital invested $6,385 ; 13 distilleries, which produced 31,475 gallons ; capital invested $8,590 ; 4 potteries, value of manufactured articles $2100; capital invested $245.
Retail dry goods, grocery and other stores 57; capital invested $169,- 200; 5 lumber yards ; capital invested $1600 ; 57 men employed ; 60 men engaged in internal transportation ; value of the produce of fish- eries $14,335; 22 barrels of tar manufactured $1893 ; 5 men employed. Value of bricks and lime manufactured $7269 ; 7 fulling mills ; 5 wool- len manufactories; value of manufactured goods $4370; capital invested $8700 : 2 printing offices-2 weekly papers; capital invested $2000. One rope walk; value of produce $3000; capital invested $2200; carri- ages and wagons; value of manufactures $2000; capital invested $685. 24 flouring mills, which manufactured 11,200 barrels of flour ; 26 grist mills ; 120 saw mills : value of manufactured furniture $3679 ; capital Invested $1760; 8 brick and stone houses built ; 77 wooden ones; value of constructing or building $38,842 ; value of all other manufactures not enumerated $14,910 ; capital invested $5,905. Total capital invest- ad in all other manufactures $264,024.
MALES.
CENSUS of 1840 of PERRY CO., PA.
under 5
5 and under 10
10 and under 15
15 and under 20
20 and under 30
30 and under 40
40 and under 50
50 and under 60
60 and under 70
70 and under 80
80 and under 90
under 5
5 and under 10
10 and under 15
15 and under 20
20 and under 30
30 and under 40
40 and under 50
50 and under 60
60 and under 70
70 and under 80
80 and under 90
Males of all ages. Females &c.
0
Buffalo,
104
63
641
55
671
49
471
15| 11]
21
86
751
63
54
79
49|
331
18| 11
31
21
Buffalo boro'
15
12
4
10
14
8
7
1
1
01
0
15
13
5
9
17
8
5
2
1
0
0
0
Bloomfield,
40
31
19
31
29
:30
20
7
4
2
0
28
35
25
37
24
12
10
2
2
01
1
1
98
83|
56
53
79
55
39
17
14
12
1
77
72
55
57
93
39
37
20
11
9
1
3
2
Centre,
116
86
65
491
62
69
39
31| 24
9
3
106
91
67
50
7Y
54
44
22
22
71
3
OH
0
0
Greenwood,
67
50
52
38
66
31.
31.
20
9
3
1
67
45
46
47
65
30
31
18
6
2
1
1
9 16
Millerstown,
25
21
12
22
37
22
11
9
2
0
1
24
25
28
19
48
12
12
10
4
4
11
1
1
Juniata,
152
97
89
75
105
76
57
36
26
4
2
133
114
84
81
122
83
50
35
21
11
6
3
1
01
0
Liverpool,
85
62
54
47
52
39
26
14
10
3
3
69
65
53
37
58
23
19
9
3
0
1 8 00
3
46
28
30
24
31
31
16
13
4
1
0
43
34
22
20
45
114
65
46
25
18
9
0||21 18
Oliver,
73
56
39
44
65
48
25
25!
14
4
0
72
57
42
42
77
38
36
17
8
1
0
51
8
Newport,
47
18
11
29
62
23
14
5
1
1!
1
58
30
22
21
57
12
10
8
3
0
01
0
0
Penn,
80
53
39
47
90
57
32
17
8
6
0
69
61
44
54
81
29
25|
17
9
6
11
7
6
Petersburg,
21
8
9
9
39
14
7
5
0
3
0!
15
10
5
14
22
6
9
2
2
I
1
0
1
Rye,
48
34
23
21
34
18
22| 11
2
0
1
55
32
31
27
31
34
13
13
3
31
01
3
6
Saville,
123
103
83
51
96
67
46
30
14
9
4
132
102
69
73
104
64
47
32
17
13
3
0
1
Toboyne,
142
119
90
86
95
74
49
25
20
13
1
114
121
100
85!
110
80
59
21
21
9
2
4
0
Tyrone,
243
175
154
131
182
132
85}
59
48
17
4
2021
158
142
132
212
128
82!
57
36
11
2
1
3
Wheatfield,
56
44
24
34
65
34
23|20
8
6
0
51
43
35
24
50
34
21
17
2
5
01115
-
1
Total Population. 1697 1238
9991
933 13651
943
643 391 228 101 24 151111270 1015 931 1499
857
612 364 207 91 18 81 70
Liverpool boro' Madison,
116
95
82
77
95
66
511
311
14|
6
1!
116
87
81
64
45
-
TOWNSHIPS.
FEMALES.
||C. po.
1
Carroll,
22
1|
6
A
A SYNOPSIS OF THE CENSUS OF 1840, OF EACH TOWNSHIP.
CENSUS OF 1840
Furnaces.
Forges, rol.mills
Flouring mills.
Grist mills.
Saw mills.
Oil mills.
Tanneries.
Distilleries.
Horses & Mules
Neat Cattle.
Sheep.
Swine.
Bushels of
Bushels of
Indian corn.
Oats.
Barley.
Potatoes.
Tons of hay.
Pounds of wool
Value of the
products of the dairy.
TOWNSHIPS, ETC.
1. Buffalo,
01 0
1
5
0
0
0|255| 809| 988|1437|10735|10760|10608|14705|
4|2215|
604|1779
$474
2. Centre,
2
0
0
2
0
3
3
.1
0
1 253
874 1265 1432
9488 12019 8276
9327
80 3975
6148
614 1192
330
4. Carroll,
0
0
1
2
0
151
2
21
3|274
663 1028 1001 14658 9370 11024 15240
75|1199
5660|
570 1603
870
6. Liverpool,
0
0
0
2
6
0
0
4
0
1 0.226
526
713
7164
4815
7867 11173 105|1104
4087
529
954
1412
9. Penn,
0
11
4
4
0
41
0
0
0 103
321
440 489 2042
3237|
2292
3660
0
685
1871
232 807
154
10. Rye,
0
0
01
1
0
4
1 17
0
2
2 358 1378 1691 1861 16272 11785 12100 16545
0,4746
6482 1973 2557
1224
12. Toboyne,
0
0
2
2 11
0
3
1 501 1730 1581 2440 17269 13712 12898 16157
0 4038
6692 1873 3436
1845
13. Tyrone,
2
0
3
411
0
5
3 598 2272 2216 2945 38163 19026 20850 20537
0 3358 13396 2164 3888
132T
14. Wheatfield,
-
01
2 3
C
01 0 1701
454 401! 612 23884377 3930!
2952
0 1057 3241 319 711
483
0
1
2
12
0
0 334 1000 1116 1329 16211 10196;16152 25286
0 1174
6910
587 1965
1777
5. Juniata,
1|
0
5
0
0
0 10
1 2 333 1662 1742 2767 26310 11350 13534 14321
0 3056
7593 1564 3095
1305
7. Madison,
0
0
6
()
0
3
1| 0 187
618
650
723
5400
8883
6055
7754
0 1245
4615
591 1216
491
8. Oliver,
1|
0 502 1630 1861 2313[20514 14657|15925 23177
0 6688 8084 1370|3142
1589
1 289 1106 1298 1423 14024 9332 8584 11424 149 2512
917 2584
1048
3. Greenwood,
0
5505| 9085
Bushels of
Buckwheat.
raised.
OF PERRY COUNTY.
Wheat.
Rye.
-
1
11. Saville,
655
.
50
561
HISTORY OF PERRY COUNTY.
The streams of this county are numerous.
Besides the Susquehanna already noticed, which forms the eastern boundary, and receive all the streams that water this county, there are many in it ; the largest of which is the (Choniato) Juniata, a main tributary of the Susquehanna river, which rises by two distinct branch- es, called the Frankstown and Qaystown branches; after running a circuitous and sinuous course rising one hundred miles, enters this county, a few miles above Millerstown, pursuing a southeastern course of twelve miles, and empties into the Susquehanna at Duncan's Island, and in its course through the county, receives Wild Cat creek and several smaller streams on the north ; Racoon creek, Buffalo creek, Little Buffalo and a few smaller streams on the south.
Burger's run rises in Wild Cat valley, after running a northeastern course for about 5 miles falls into the Susquehanna river at Liverpool.
Hunter's run rises south of Buffalo mountain and falls into the Sus- quehanna at Mount Patrick. Cackalamus creek rises at the foot of the Shade mountain, in Juniata county, running a south east course of twelve miles, falls into the Juniata river at Millerstown.
Wild Cat run rises in Racoon valley, a few miles north east of Ickesburg, meandering its course for eight miles through the valley of its own name, falls into the Juniata, opposite Millerstown. Buffalo creek rises in Liberty valley, at the base of Tuscarora mountain, winding its way eastward between Racoon Ridge and Middle Ridge, for about eighteen miles, it falls into the Juniata.
Little Buffalo creek rises near Middle Ridge, passes down between this ridge and Limestone Ridge, and empties into the Juniata at New Port. Little Juniata rises in Mahony Ridge, runs a southeastern course for 7 or 8 miles, and empties into the Susquehanna at Petersburg.
Sher nan's creek has its fountain head in Franklin county, near the Round Top-flows an eastern course this county, more than 40 miles, receiving numerous tributaries, and empties into the Susquehanna im- mediately below the mouth of the Little Juniata. Patterson's run, Brown's run, Huston's run, and Limestone spring, in the western part of the county, constitute the heads of Sherman's creek, Montour's run & other tributaries. Cove run rises at the Cove mountain and falls into the Susquehanna. Fishing creek rises southwest of the Cove moun- tain ; flows an eastern course for 8 or 9 miles, and empties into the Susquehanna, at the north base of the Blue mountain.
The several streams afford ample water power to 50 or 60 flouring and grist mills, to 125 saw mills, and a number of factories, forges, furnaces, &c.
The Warm Spring-The waters of which have some celebrity as to their medicinal properties and healing virtues. In cures of scrofulous affections and cutaneous diseases they have proved beneficial.
A visitor, in 1831, thus describes the place-These springs are on the farm of Mr. Kennedy, whose house at some distance from, until lately, offered the only accommodation to visiters; and the approach to either was difficult and rugged enough. Mr. Hipple, however, has erected a spacious, and in every way comfortable boarding house atthe springs, and furnished as good cheer at the table and the bar as is to be found at any other watering establishment that has come under our inspec- tion.
The chief advantage of those springs to those who are sick, but re-
552
HISTORY OF PERRY COUNTY.
tire from town in order to enjoy the country, are the luxury of the bath and the scenery of country that surrounds you. Mount Pisgah nods in front, and the mountaln from whence the spring issues, is in the rear, while the waters of Sherman's creek flow between. The springs rise at the foot of Quaker Hill, and emit about 90 gallons a minute. The temperature of the water is nearly that of river or creek water- in the summer.
The Springs are in a romantic and healthy situation about eleven miles north of Carlisle, twenty-two from Harrisburg, eight from Ster- rett's Gap, and four from Wagner's Gap, and four from Landisburg.
The accommodations at present are good-charges moderate.
Two lines of public improvements pass through this county. The Pennsylvania canal crosses the Susquehanna in a pool or dam, at Duncan's Island and divides one branch the Susquehanna division passes along the eastern boundary of the country, ascending the right bank of the Susquehanna.
The Juniata division extends up the right bank of the Juniata river for a distance of fifteen miles, where it crosses the river by a rope ferry and passes up the right bank.
Since the opening of the canal, Perry county has been greatly im- proved. Where there was a dense forest twenty years ago, are now well cultivated and productive farms.
The Harrisburg and Huntingdon turnpike road runs along the left bank of the Juniata. The county is intersected by many roads, many of which are kept in good repair. Several fine bridges cross the lar- ger streams. New roads are opening, and new bridges building. Ere many years, Perry may vie with her mother, old Cumberland.
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