USA > Pennsylvania > Adams County > The history and topography of Dauphin, Cumberland, Franklin, Bedford, Adams, and Perry counties [Pennsylvania] > Part 48
USA > Pennsylvania > Bedford County > The history and topography of Dauphin, Cumberland, Franklin, Bedford, Adams, and Perry counties [Pennsylvania] > Part 48
USA > Pennsylvania > Cumberland County > The history and topography of Dauphin, Cumberland, Franklin, Bedford, Adams, and Perry counties [Pennsylvania] > Part 48
USA > Pennsylvania > Dauphin County > The history and topography of Dauphin, Cumberland, Franklin, Bedford, Adams, and Perry counties [Pennsylvania] > Part 48
USA > Pennsylvania > Franklin County > The history and topography of Dauphin, Cumberland, Franklin, Bedford, Adams, and Perry counties [Pennsylvania] > Part 48
USA > Pennsylvania > Perry County > The history and topography of Dauphin, Cumberland, Franklin, Bedford, Adams, and Perry counties [Pennsylvania] > Part 48
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494
HISTORY OF BEDFORD COUNTY.
Though Bedford county contains no mighty rivers, yet it is well watered .- Every valley has its stream, fed by mountain springs, and these uniting, furnish abundance of water power for all milling and manufacturing purposes. The following are the streams of any note.
THE JUNIATA RIVER, one of the main tributaries of the Susquehanna rises by two principal branches, Raystown and Frankstown branches, in this county. The Raystown Branch rises on the east side of the Alle- gheny mountain, and its course through this county receives, Dun- nings creek, Buffalo creek, Shovers creek, Cove creek, Tussey's run, Clear creek, Shavers and Brush creek, Tub Mill run, Harbour run, Yellow creek, Six Mile creek and some smaller streams with their sev- eral tributaries, among which are, Bobs creek, Alum creek, Adams creek, Grass Lick run, Beaver Dam Branch, Middle Branch, Meadow Branch, Three Spring Branch, and numerous other rivulets. The Frankstown Branch rises near the south east corner of Greenfield town- ship, and flows along the west side of Dunnings mountain north about twelve miles, to the Frankstown gap, through which it passes to Hun- tingdon county ; in its course through this county it receives the Three Springs, and several other tributaries.
Besides the Juniata branches several other streams rise in this coun- ty ; Aughwick creek which rises in Hopewell and Dublin townships, receiving several tributaries in its course through this part of the coun- ty ; and flows onward through Huntingdon county.
In the southern part of the county, are a number of streams, tributa- ries of the Potomac-beginning at the Franklin county line, and pass- ing along the Maryland line, we meet with Licking, North Branch, Conallaway, Buck, Sideling Hill, Fifteen Mile, Town, Hinlston, Evets and Wills creeks, with their numerous small tributaries, such as Little creek, Pattersons run, Burns run, Barrets run, Five Lick run, Little Conallaway, Lybersgore run, Hughs Camp run, and others of less im- portance. These several streams though not large, many of which are mere mountain streams, afford many excellent mill seats, and many are employed as such. Bedford springs will be noticed in the sequel.
This county has no canals, nor rail roads. The turnpike road from Philadelphia passes through it from east to west, entering the county between Loudon and McConnelstown. Near McConnelstown another turnpike road by way of Mercersburg from Waynesburg, connects with the Philadelphia pike ; and a little beyond Bedford the turnpike to Somerset, branches from it.
The common roads are generally good, except in the mountainous regions, where they are usually very rough, and little attention is paid to them, by way of repairing them .- In many places the travelling in wheel carriages is exceedingly difficult, and very unpleasant. In some instances the danger of upsetting a vehicle is great, along the acclivity of mountains. Lately, however, considerable attention has been paid to improve them so as to avoid accidents from upsetting, owing to the narrowness as well as the roughness of the roads.
ـدوريوا
فيلم:
CHAPTER XXXVI.
BEDFORD BOROUGH.
The locality of Bedford-Synopsis of the census of 1840-Fort erected here proving a link in chain of forts &c-Garret Pendegrass receives a grant of lands-Armies here several times during the French war -Joseph Shippen's letter to Richard Peters-Captain Ourry station- ed here-Refugees resort hither for protection against the enemy- Numerous interesting incidents noticed-Whiskey insurrection &c -Armies here in 1794-President Washington and other distinguish- ed men here-Extracts from sundry letters &c-Bedford medicinal springs, briefly noticed.
BEDFORD is a flourishing borough, situated near the head of the Raystown Branch of the Juniata river, on the main turnpike road from Philadelphia to Pittsburg.
The town was laid out by order of the proprietor, in 1766. The order was given to the Surveyor general, John Lukens, who himself saw the order executed. The plan of the town is that generally adopt- ed by the Penns ; straight streets and a large square in the centre. It is 95 miles east of Pittsburg ; 54 west of Chambersburg; 31 south of Hollidaysburg, and 30 north of Cumberland. The country around it that is not mountainous, is rich limestone land.
Bedford can vie with any interior town, in Pennsylvania, for its beautiful site, and the unsurpassed salubrity of its atmosphere. It is nearly surrounded by mountains, pouring their limpid streams into the valley, shaded by forests, which, in the summer afford refreshing breezes and " lustrated air," so desirable in the hot season of the year.
The site of Bedford, says the Revd. R. Weiser, in a communication to the compiler, is in the estimation of all who love the sublime and romantic one of the most beautiful and picturesque in the state. It is almost entirely surrounded by the sides or sloping ends of high moun- tains.
The most beautiful view is from the elevation on the turnpike, as the traveller rises up from the Great George through which the Juni- ata, and the turnpike pass.
As you approach the summit of the hill, Bedford bursts into view, with its spires, and brick walls, an astonishing contrast with the rug- ged scenery through which you have passed for near 50 miles. The spot on which it stands, seems to have been scooped out of the moun- tains by the hands of God.
496
HISTORY OF BEDFORD COUNTY.
We might adopt the language of Moore in relation to its physicial character-
"The bright eyes of angels only Can look upon us, and behold A paradise so pure and lonely."
Here in this lovely spot, watered by the clear waters of the Juniata, and fanned by the salubrious breezes of the Allegheny, Ray seems to have pitched his tent. Who this Ray was, or where he hailed from, or what became of him, no one knows. The probability is that amid those scenes of carnage and blood, he and his family were massacred -and none was left to tell the sorrowful tale of his fate. No monu- ment was ever erected to tell the passer by where rest the remains of the first settlers of Bedford.
There is no person living who knows any thing about Raystown. The oldest person, born in Bedford, now living is Mrs. Ernst, now 85 years old; and, she says, that when she was a little girl, the Fort of Bedford was full of soldiers, and the houses outside of the Fort were called Raystown. In 1771, the old regular fort was in a state of dilap- itation, according to the united testimony of a number of our oldest citizens. But still we are told after 1771, even up to 1782, the whites were in the habit of running to the fort when alarmed by the Indians. If the fort was in a state of ruin, how could it protect the whites ? We have a solution of this apparent contradiction, in the well authentica- ted fact that, George Woods, the great grandfather of E. S. Anderson, Esq. had a fort made around his own house-a picket fort, and this was called Fort Bedford, and it was into this fort the alarmed whites generally ran after 1771.
'The Borough contained in 1830 a population of 879, of whom 417 were white males, 405 white females ; 27 black males, and 30 black females-and by the census of 1840, it contained 1,036*, of whom were 498 males ; 471 females; 29 black males, and 26 black females. Of this population 7 were engaged in agriculture. 85 in manufactures and trades ; 20 in the learned professions, and the others variously employed.
At present (1845) according to an account furnished by the Revd. Weiser, there are in Bedford 225 buildings used as public and private houses. The public buildings are, the Court house, the jail, several churches, viz : Presbyterian, Lutheran & German Reformed, Methodist Episcopal, Catholic, African meeting house, two for primary schools. The professional men are, 7 Clergymen ; the Revds. Thos. Heyden. Catholic ; Jacob Riegler, German Reformed ; Reuben Weiser, Luther- an ; J. M. H. Hall, Presbyterian ; W. Bergstresser, Episcopal Metho- dist ; 2 Physicians ; Drs. J. H. Hofius, B. F. Barclay; W. H. Watson,
* The town of Bedford has extended beyond the limits of its corpora tion, and hence the population acording to the census of 1840 seems very small, i. e 1,036. Bedford like most country towns has its su- burbs. On the west we have Boydstown, with a population of 50; on the east, we have a foundry and the poorhouse, and a number of other houses, with a population of nearly 100; then on the south west, we have Grand Hill with a population of 40 or 50, making upwards of 200, who are not counted in the population of Bedford, and yet they are a part and parcel of our population .- R. W.
477
HISTORY OF BEDFORD COUNTY.
J. G. Hamill, and G. H. Keyser, 3 Attorneys at Law; J. M. Russell, Job Mann, S. M. Barclay, Wm. Lyon, Alex. King, John A. Blodget, John Mann, S. L. Russell, J. W. Johnson, David H. Hofius, Samuel H. Tate, Francis Jordan, John Cesna, Wm. P. Schell, Oliver C. Hartley, Esqrs. Two Dentists ; Dr. C. H. Hickok, James M. P. Russell, 10 dry goods stores, 2 hardware, 2 drug stores, 3 confectionaries, 8 hotels and tav- erns, 7 cabinet makers, 3 chair makers, 4 blacksmiths, 1 whitesmith, 2 watch makers, 2 house painters, I painter and glazier, 1 stage man- ufacturer, I clock maker, 1 brewer, 1 iron foundry, 1 copper and tin smith, 2 coopers, 6 house carpenters, 3 masons, 2 plasterers, 1 paper hanger and upholsterer, 5 boot and shoe makers, 4 tailors, 1 hatter, 2 wheelwrights, 2 turners, I machine maker, 2 tobacconists, 3 saddlers and harness makers, 1 potter, 3 butchers.
We have, continues Mr. Weiser, two papers published in Bedford, viz: The Bedford Gazette edited and published by Genl. G. W. Bow- man ; The Bedford Inquirer by Wm. T. Chapman jr .; the former de- voted to the interests of the present administration, the latter opposed to it. These papers are both ably edited and well sustained.
The means of instruction, are not perhaps surpassed by any other town in the State. There are 7 schools in existence and all well pa- tronised. 1. The Academy where the classics are taught. 2. The Bedford Female Seminary, by Thos. H. Davis, R. Weiser, Principal, Prof. Holeman, Teacher of Music, Miss H. N. Hunter, Instructress .- 3. Mr. Harris, private school. 4. Mrs. Mower's private school for fe- males. 5. Miss McDowel's private female school, and two primary schools. These schools continue during the whole year. The people of Bedford see and appreciate the importance of educating their children.
The far famed and celebrated medicinal springs are in the vicinity of the borough, and add much to the liveliness of the place during the hot season of the year.
Bedford was at an early period of the French and Indian war, a frontier military post, and formed a link in a chain of Forts erected on the frontier settlements west of the Susquehanna river.
The following is a list, with the names of the places and principal forts at the time alluded to.
Fort Shirley, on Aughwick branch, a creek that empties into the Ju- niata a short distance below Huntingdon, Huntingdon county.
Fort Littletown, in Dublin township, east of Bedford.
Fort Loudon, on the Conococheague creek, Franklin county. These three forts ranged in a north and south line. From Fort Shirley there was an Indian path to Fort Augusta, near Sunbury, Northumberland county.
There was another range of forts going westward.
Fort Bedford, Fort Ligonier, Hannastown, and Fort Pitt. From Fort Pitt southward was another range at Red Stone creek, on Monongahe- la, stood Fort Burd, near which there had been two Indian forts.
Proceeding due north from Fort Pitt, on the Allegheny, at the mouth of French creek was Fort Venango ; and northeast from thence stood Fort Le Boeuf, at the mouth of Le Boeuf creek, and onward further north, stood Fort Presque Isle, on the margin of Lake Erie.
A similar range of Forts was erected on the east side of the Susque- hanna river.
42*
498
HISTORY OF BEDFORD COUNTY.
Prior to the French and Indian war, one Garret Pendergrass had settled at Raystown (Bedford) by permission of the chiefs of the Six Nations ; but during the French war he fled and took shelter at Fort Littletown, where one of his daughters was killed by the Indians in June, 1757 ; and before he could safely return to this place, others had settled here, on his land, and to atone for his disappointment, several of the Indian chiefs granted him a large tract of land opposite Fort Pitt, as appears from the subjoined deed of settlement, which I copied from the records at Bedford ; and which it appears had been recorded Sept. 19, 1772.
Know all men by these presents, that whereas a certain Garrett Pen- dergrass, senior, of Bedford settlement, in the province of Penna. &c. of Cumberland, was settled some number of years past, by leave of the chiefs or deputies of the Six Nations of Indians, on a tract of land where Bedford now is situate, while the said land was yet the property of us, and our said chiefs and deputies, said Pendergrass being dis- possessed of said land, in time of the war between the French and English, and before said Pendergrass could safely return to live on said land, it was entered upon by people, who have from time to time, and yet continue to keep said Pendergrass from the enjoyment of said tract of land, said Pendergrass at the last treaty held at Fort Pitt with the representatives of the said Six Nations, informed our said chiefs, or their representatives or deputies, that he was deprived of the above tract of land as above mentioned, whereupon we, and our deputies, dìid then, at said treaty, give him the said Pendergrass our leave in writing, under our hands, to settle on a tract of land called the Long Resch, near the mouth of Youghagain, but the said last mentioned tract, being at the time of the said treaty, or before, improved by some other person or persons, contrary to our expectation, for which rea- son, he, the said Pendergrass, has not obtained possession of the lat- ter mentioned tract, and cannot quietly enjoy neither of the two above mentioned tracts, know ye, therefore, that we the under, or within bound subscribers, who have hereunto caused our names to be set, and have put our marks ; the first of us, assigning one of the chiefs, and the other, two deputies of the said Six Nations, do give and grant, to the said Garrett Pendegrass, his heirs and trustees forever, our full leave and liberty of us, and for behalf of the Six Nations, to settle on a tract of land on the north side of Aligaina river opposite to Fort Pitt ; to join the said river on the one side, and to extend one mile and a half from the landing on the north side of the said river Allegheny oppos- ite to Fort Pitt, in form of a semi-circle, from said landing, hereby granting to him, and his trustees and assigns, full liberty to build hou- ses, make improvements and cultivate the said tract of land, or any part thereof, and that he, the said Pendergrass may the more quietly enjoy the said land, and any benefit that he, his heirs or assigns, shall make or can make thereby; we do for ourselves, and in behalf of said Six Nations, discharge all people whatsoever from molesting or dis- turbing him, the said Pendergrass or his heirs, or trustees, or assigns, in the possession or quiet enjoyment of the said land, or any part thereof, and we do by these presents firmly engage and promise to an- swer all objection that any Indian tribe or tribes have to making of the above settlement.
ANONQUIT,
ENISHSHERD, ,
CONNEHRACAHECAT.
499
HISTORY OF BEDFORD COUNTY.
In 1758 England determined to humble her enemies on the Ameri- can continent. The plan of the campaign was well considered and wisely matured. Abercrombie, instead of Loundon, who had been re- called, was the Commander in chief ; Amherst, was his Second, Wolfe and Forbes, Brigadiers. Several strong points were to be simultane- ously attacked. General Forbes was to assail fort Du Quesne with a detachment form General Abercrombie's army, strengthened by the Southern militia, the whole computed at seven or eight thousand men, viz : four companies of, 350 Royal Americans; 1200 Highlanders, thirteen companies ; 2600 Virginians ; 2700 Pennsylvanians ; 1000 wagoners, sutters, and followers of the army.
Forbes began his march from Carlisle in July 1758, to join Bou- quet, who was posted at Raystown (Bedford).
This was a stirring time at Bedford-an army of many thousand men to assemble here, Colonel Bouquet, who had been here some time, with several thousand soldiers, advanced to Loyel Harmer, with two thousand five hundred men. The main body delayed at Raystown for several weeks, in consequence of the difficulty of procuring car- riages and military stores, and the tardiness with which the orders to the Virginia Regulars, under Colonel Washington, to join, bad been given.
Joseph Shippen, in a letter dated at this place, to Richard Peters, mentions that there were some Cherokee and other Indians here at this time, to aid the English.
Camp at Raystown, August 16, 1758.
Dear Sir :
I have the pleasure to acknowledge the receipt of your letter with the commissions for Major and Lieut. Col. for which I am very much obliged to you. When I wrote to you about them from Carlisle I beg leave to assure you I did not mean to impute any neglect to you. I have shown those commissions to Col. Bouquet, which was my duty to do, that he might know my rank in the Pennsylvania regiment, with which he was pleased. I think it absolutely necessary to take them with me, as many circumstances may require me to produce them before the campaign is over.
I find my duty as Brigade Major keeps me continually employed ; I am therefore prevented from writing so frequently and fully to my friends, as I intended.
It is very uncertain what number of Indians we shall have with us; it seems little dependence can be put on any of them. I believe there have been above one hundred and forty Cherokees at this place since the army first formed a camp here ; but they have all left us except 1wenty-five of them. Besides these we have Hambus and three Dela- ware warriors, who came two days ago from Fort Augusta and two or three of the Six Nations ; and Col. Bouquet expects Capt. Bullen (a Catawba captain) with thirty of his warriors to join us very soon. I understand they are to come from Winchester by the way of Fort Cumberland.
The army here consists now of about 2500 men exclusive of about 1400 employed in cutting and cleaning the road between this and Loyel Harmer ; a great part of which I suppose by this time is fin - ished. So that I am in hopes we shall be able to move forward soon
500
HISTORY OF BEDFORD COUNTY.
after the General comes up, who we hear is at Shippensburg on his way up. Colonel Montgomery with part of his batallion, is with him. Col. Washington and 400 of his regiment have not yet joined us, nor has any of Col. Byrd's (of Virginia) except two companies.
We have a good stoccade built here, with several convenient and large store houses. Our camps are all secured with a good breast work and a small ditch on the out side ; and every thing goes on well. Colonel Burd desires his compliments to you.
I am, very respectfully, Dear Sir,
Your most obedient and humble servant,
JOSEPH SHIPPEN.
Before the detachment under Bouquet proceeded further west, Maj. Grant was detached with 800 men, to reconnoitre the fort and vicini- ty. He however met with a considerable loss of men, and himself made prisoner. Colonel Bouquet still remained at Loyal Harmer. The enemy, inspired by their want of success, resolved to attack him in his camp. De Vetri made an attack upon him, October 12th. He repeated his attack, but not with as much success as in the day-67 of Bou- qnet's men were killed and wounded.
On the 24 October, General Forbes proceeded from Raystown to Loyel Harmer, where he continued till the seventh of November .- On the 12th, Col. Washington, being out with a scouting party, fell in with a number of the enemy, several miles from the camp, whom he attacked ; killed one, took three prisoners, among whom was one John- son, who had been captured by the Indians. in Lancaster county.
Col. Bouquet again passed along the Raystown road in 1763. This summer Fort Pitt was literally entrenched by the enemy. Gen. Am- herst appointed Col. Bouquet for their relief. He commenced his march in July, from Carlisle. His object was first to relieve Fort Ligonier ; and as Bedford and Ligonier were now the principal deposites for mil- itary stores ; he did not proceed farther with his wagons than Ligonier , thence he proceeded with pack horses. At that time there was a gar- rison of soldiers at Bedford under the command of Captain Ourry. Here distressed families, for miles around sought protection, leaving most of their effects a prey to the savages. All the necessary precau- lions were taken by the commanding officer to prevent surprise, and repel open force, as also to render ineffectual the enemy's fire arrows. He armed all the fighting men, who formed two companies of volun- leers, and did duty with the garrison till the arrival of two companies of light infantry, detached as soon as possible from Col. Bouquet's lit- ile army.
These two magazines being secured, the colonel advanced to the remotest verge of our settlements, where he could receive no sort of intelligence of the number, position, or motions of the enemy-nat even at Fort Bedford, where he arrived with his whole convoy on the 25th of July ; for though the Indians did not attempt to attack the fort, they had by this time killed, scalped, and taken eighteen persons in that neighborhood-and their skulking parties were so spread, that at last no express could escape them. * In this uncertainty of intelligence under which the colonel labored, he marched from Fort Bedford the 28th of July, and as soon as he reached Fort Ligonier he
501
HISTORY OF BEDFORD COUNTY.
determined, prudently, to leave his wagons at that post, and to proceed only with the pack-horses.
Col. Smith, who has been mentioned before, performed a daring ex- ploit, at this place ; an account of which is given in his own language.
In the year 1769 the Indians again made incursions on our fron- tiers ; yet the traders continued carrying goods and warlike stores to them. The frontiers took the alarm, and a number of persons collec- ted, destroyed and plundered a quantity of their powder, lead, &c., in Bedford county. Shortly after this some of these persons, with others, were apprehended and laid in irons in the guard-house in Fort Bed- ford, on suspicion of being the perpetrators of this crime.
Though I did not altogether approve of the conduct of this new club of black boys, yet I concluded that they should not lie in irons in the guard-house, or remain in confinement by arbitrary or military power. I resolved therefore, if possible, to release them, if they even should be tried by the civil law afterwards. I collected 18 of my old black boys that I had seen tried in the Indian war, &c. I did not desire a large party, lest they should be too much alarmed at Bedford, and ac- cordingly be prepared for us. We marched along the public road in daylight, and made no secret of our design : We told those with whom we met that we were going to take Fort Bedford, which appeared to them a very unlikely story .- Before this I made it known to one Wil- liam Thompson, a man whom I could trust, and who lived there : him I employed as a spy, and sent him along on horseback, before, with orders to meet me at a certain place near Bedford, one hour before diay. The next day a little before sunset we encamped near the cross- ings of the Juniata, about 14 miles from Bedford, and erected tents, as though we intended staying all night, and not a man in my company knew to the contrary, save myself .- Knowing that they would hear this in Bedford, and wishing it to be the case, I thought to surprise them, by stealing a march.
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