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Gc 975.7 C36s 1692076
REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 02317 2528
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016
https://archive.org/details/schoolhistoryofs00chap_0
SCHOOL HISTORY.
OF
SOUTH CAROLINA.
JOHN A. CHAPMAN A. M
NEWBERRY. S. C. NEWGERRY PUBLISHING COMPANY. 1893
F866 ,16
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1692076
COPYRIGHT 1893. NAWGERRY PUBLISHING COMPANY. All Rights Reserved.
PUSSARRA ANI PRESSWORK
AULA C. HTOUSHAL NEWBERRY, S. C.
INTRODUCTION.
This book is written for the young. therefore the style is easy and animated. Short stories are occasionally introduced for the purpose of fixing upon the mind of the youthful stu- dent the truths of the history which the stories are intended to illustrate ..
It has been revised and edited, and the questions have been asked, by practical teachers so as to adapt it for use in the school room.
It also has a full index so as to make it useful as a book of handy reference.
South Carolina has a history of which none of her children need be ashamed. The pity is that so few of her citizens know anything of her history.
This book is sent forth in the hope that it may be the means of imparting to the youth of the State the true story of her deeds of heroism and patriotism, both in times of war and of peace.
E. H. AULL.
NEWBERRY, SOUTH CAROLINA.
July 24, 1893.
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CONTENTS.
CHAPTER. PAGE.
I .- Situation. Description of Country. Indians I, 4
.... II .- Discovery and Early Settlers - 5, 9 III. - Progress of the Settlement .. Increase of Population . 9. 15
IV .- Religious Dissensions. Party Strifes. The Proprietors and the People . 15, 21
V. - Revolution of 1-19 . 21,
26
VI. - The Jesuit, Christian Priber. Decay of the Chero- Aces . 27,
30
VII .- Colonizing Georgia. Other Settlements 30, 33
VIII. -- Wars with the Spaniards . 33, .
37
. IX .- Wars with the Spaniards, Continued . 37,
4[ X .- Wars with the Spaniards, Continued . 41,
45
XI .- Wars with the Indians . 46,
51
XII .- Wars with the Indians, Continued 51,
55
XIII .- Wars with the Indians, Continued . 55,
59
XIV .- Indian Wars, Continued 59, 63 XV .- Trouble with Pirates . 63,
67
ATI-Events Immediately Preceding the Revolution . 67, XVII .- Events Immediately Preceding the Revolution, Con- tiriued 76.
XVIII .- Extinesta of Royal Authority. Progress of Events. 76, Sr
. S2, XXX -Battle of Sullivan's Island 91
S7
XXX-War with the Cherokees. Alliance with France. Declaration of. Driependence . . 91, 9; XXI. - Campaign of ipro Prevost's Invasion of South Caro- 1:1! Miforte to take Charlestown . 97, IOI XXIII-ROUPAS & Prevent. Battle of Story. Siege of Savan- Death of Count Pulaski . 101, 105
XXIV .- Campaign of 1700. Fall of Charlestown. State Over-
מגיז IC5, 1IO
VI
HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA
CHAPTER. PAGE.
XXV .- Marion, Suinter, and Pickens. Battle of Musgrove Mills . IIO, 116 XXVI .- Baron DeKalb. Gates put in Command of the South- ert Army. Battle of Camden . 117, 123
XXXII .- Battle of King's Mountain 123, 129
XXVIII. - Retreat of Lord Cornwallis, Rugeley's Mills. Battle
at Fish Dam Ford. Blackstocks . 129, 132
XXLX-Battle of Cowpens and Guilford Court House . I33: 137
XXX .- Events of 17Sr, Continued. Marion and the British
Officers 137, 142
XXXI .- Campaign of 1;SI, Continued. Dattle of Hobkirk's
Hill. Siege of Ninety-Six . 142, 145
XXXII. - Einily Geiger. Anne Kennedy. Dicey Langston. LIS, 153
XXXIII. - The Revolutionary War, Continued. War with the
Cherokee Indians . 154, 157
XXXIV .- Battte of Eutaw Springs 157, 162
XXXV-Cunningham's Raid. Massacre at Hayes' Station.
Death of Colonel Havne 103, 166
XXXVI .- Closing Scenes of the War 167, 172 XXXVII-Events following the War Formation of the Cou- stitution 172. 175
XXXVIII. - Visit of General Washington to the State. Founding of the South Carolina College. Abolition of County Courts . . 177. IST XXXIX-Second War with Great Britain, Commonly Known as the War of rSr2. . 181, 196
XL .- Attempted Negro Insurrection. Visit of Lafayette. 1$6, 191 XLI. - Nullification. Free Schools . . 191, 195 XLII .-- Cold Winter . of 1935. Free Schools. Seminole War. War with . Mexico. . 195, 199
XLIII-Johnson's Administration. Annexation of Texas.
Mexican War . 199. 203
XLIV .- Kansas Troubles. Slavery Agitation. Secession . 203, 209 XIV .- Battle of Manassas or Bull Run. Progress of the War 209, 213
XLVI-Emancipation Proclamation 213, 2:5 XLVII. - Boit's adment of Charleston. War in Georgia. War la Virginia . 216, 22!
XLVIII .-- 1865. Close of the War. Lee's Surrender . 221, 225
VII
HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
CHAPTER. PAGE.
XLIX .-- After the War, Reconstruction 228, 235 L .- Chamberlain. Hampton. Farmers Movement 235, 242 LI-Education. Agriculture 243, 252 LII -Denominational Schools . 252, 254 LIII .- Election and Inauguration of Governor Tillman 255, 259
LIV .- Tillman's Second Administration 259, 262
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HISTORY
OF
1
SOUTH CAROLINA.
CHAPTER I.
SITUATION, DESCRIPTION OF COUNTRY, INDIANS.
1. South Carolina belongs to that sisterbool of States which is situated in the contal portion of the North American .con- tinent and known as the United Stites o? Amorien. It lies on the Atlantic Ocean between the parallels of 329 4 and 359 12' north latitude and the meridians of 19 50' and (9 54 west from. Washington. The shape of the State is triangular. the apes of the triangle being in the Bitte Ridge mountains. and the base on the Atlantic coast. Its greatest length from watbeast to northwest is about two hundred and fifty miley. and its greatest width is about two hundred miles. . The Stato contains 30,570 square miles. It is bounded on the north ly North Carolina, on the east by North Carolina and the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by the Atlantic Ocean and Georgia, and on the west by Georgia.
2. When first discovered the whole country was covered with. heavy forests. Near the Atlantic coast live oaks and magnolias abounded, with cedars, bays and myatles interspersed. The swamps contiguous to the rivers had many tall, heasy cypress
HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
trees. For a hundred miles or more, above the swampy regious towards the interior. the whole country was covered with the long leaf, or pitch pine, which was to become so valuable in after years. For some distance from the coast -the surface of the country is almost entirely level. and is generally covered with deep sand. There is, however, a gradual but almost inpereontible rise. Higher up the country, above the region of sand and long leaf pines, appear forests of different kind, of oak, Lekory, short .leaf .pine, and various other trees .. The country becomes more broken and hilly; much less sandy; and The northern part of the State is mountainous.
rocks appear.
3. From the seaboard to the mountains the whole country was covered with forests; and these forests were not by any means, an uninhabited solitude, but were full of life. All kinds of game abounded, and the rivers and smaller streams were full of fish. Many wild animals that were good for food. roamed at large in the extensive forests, and it was never very difficult for the natives to procure food enough to sustain life. To show the great abundance of wild deer, it need only be mentioned that for many years after the white people bad settled the lower country, the exportation of deer skins frequently amounted to as many as one bundred and fifty thousand a year.
4. When the territory, which is now comprised within the limits of South Carolina, was discovered and explored by Europeans; it was inhabited by various tribes of people of a dusky reddish or brown color, to whom was given the general name of Indians, The Cherokees were in the northwestern part. Their hunting grounds extended eastward between the Broad and Saluda Rivers to their junction. It is said by Adair, the best anthority on these inatters, that, in 1780, they numbered 6,000 warriors. Forty years afterwards they were Stedweed in numbers from sickness, small pox, and the use of rum, that they could not muster more than 2,300.
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3
DESCRIPTION OF COUNTRY AND INDIANS.
5. The Catawbas were on both sides of the Waterec. Iu the year 1700 they numbered 1,500 warriors. In the year 1743 there were only 400. The Creeks were on the Savannah River, south of the Cherokees. In 1795, their warriors were supposed to number about 3.500. The total population of each nation was about six times the number of warriors. There were several other small-r tribes north of the Santee and east of the Wateree, namely. the Santees, or Seratees, Hooks and Back- hooks, Winvaws. Peedros. Waccamaws. Kadapaws, Weences, Waterees. Chickarees, Waxsaws, and Seraws. North of these were the Ences, Toteras. Saponas, and Keyauwees. These were all such feeble tribes that, by the year 1743 they were lost among the Catawbas, or so nearly lost. that they could be traced only by the different dialects spoken in that tribe, of which there were as many as twenty.
. 6. Westward of Charleston, there were many remnants of nations. the Kussoes. Westoes, and others. The Westoes were driven from their homes by the Yamassees, who were of the Creek nation. Between Charleston and Savannah there were other tribes under the general name of Cusabers. Some of these yielded their lands to the English, the others moved away or d'ed out prior to 1707. The Saludas, or Salutas, who lived on the river of that name, deserted their country and moved to Pennsylvania. The Tuscaroras had their homes. between the Savannah and Altamaba. Thence they moved. and settled in North Carolina, and having become greatly reduced in number from their wars with the Carolinians. they left that region and joined the Five Nations on the borders of New York .After the defeat of the Yamassees in 1715. their main body removed to Florida; and. it is supposed that the Seminoles descended from them.
7. These Indians had no books, no letters, no schools, no irade, no money, and none of the arts of civilized life. Their weapons of warfare were bows, with arrows tipped with
HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
sharp pointed flint, and hatchets of stone, called tomahawks. Many of the arrow points and tomahawks are vet found in all parts of the country. especially near the streams in which fish were numerous. In such favorable localities they fixed their temporary villages. Goucrally they were a feeble people. The" Yamassees. the Tuscaroras, and the Cherokees were the most numerous and warlike tribes with which the English settlers in Carolina came in contact.
S. The cultivated fields of the Indians were never of great extent. as they had no means of clearing the land of the heavy timber. other than by deadening the trees and. in this way. causing them to decay and fall. About the only crop culti. vated was maize. or Indian corn, one of the most useful grains ever given by nature to man. The fields were cultivated mostly by the women. The mon dit but little work. They passed their time in hunting, fishing; and war.
QUESTIONS. - 1. Of what nation is South Carolina a part? Between what parallels and meridians does it lie' 'What is its shape? Its greatest length; its greatest breath; its area? How is it bounded ?
2. Tell general appearance of country along the Atlantic coast; in the interior; in the northern part?
3. What kind of game was found?
4. What people first fivel here? Describe them? What can you say of the Cherokees? What reduced their number?
5. What can you say of the Catawbas; Creeks? What tribes were north of the Santee River? What finally became of these?
6. What nations were west of Charleston? Where did the Cusabees live? What became of the Saludas; Tuscaroras; the Vamassees ?
7. What can you say of their books, schools, and weapons? Where were their villages, and why? Which were the most numerous and war- like tribes in South Carolina?
8. How did the Indians clear their lands? What crops did they plant Who cultivated the fields? What did the men do?
DISCOVERY AND EARLY SETTLERS.
CHAPTER II.
DISCOVERY AND EARLY SETTLERS.
1. The New World, as America is called, was discovered in 1492. by Christopher Columbus, who first landed upon a small island, known as Cat . Island, one of . the West Indies. The main land of America was first seen by John and Sebastian Cabot. in 1497-fourteen months before Columbus discovered it in his third voyage, During the sixteenth century many voyages were made to America from England, France. and Spain; but no permanent settlement was made, except that of St. Augustine, in Florida, which was made by the Spaniards in September, 1565.
2. The founding of St. Augustine was hastened by the efforts of the French to establish themselves at Port Royal, which was claimed as part of Florida by the Spaniards, as they had already made some efforts, though futile, to settle in what is now part of South Carolina. The French claimed the territory on account of their discoveries in Canada, and in the neigh- borhood of Cape Fear river. Their claims, based upon these discoveries, covered very nearly the whole of the North American Continent.
3. Before this time the Portugese had sailed around the Care of Good Hope, the southern extremity of Africa. and to reward them for the discoveries they were making, the Pope. in 1454. granted then the sovereignty over immense traets of country. In 1499, after the fortunate discovery of America by Columbus, the same authority granted to Ferdinand and Isabella, king and queen of Spain, all islands, continents and regions discovered by Columbus. In the course of time and propres, of events these grants ceased to be of any wolne and were forgotten met last night of The French wishing to establish their claim by making a permanent settlement in the
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HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
southern part of the Continent, as well as in the northeru. an expedition commanded by John Ribault, under the auspices of M. De Coligny, Admiral of France, was sent ont on the 18th of February, 1582. This expedition landed at Port Royal, but the settlement failed on account of not receiving, in due time, aid from France.
4. In February. 1585. Londonniere was sent to the assistance of the Colony, but too late to save it. He, however, estab- Jished one on the River May and called it Fort Carolina. These settlers were French Protestants and were, soon after- wards. massacred by the Spaniards who took possession of the Fort. But they. a few years afterwards. were, in turn. massacred by Chevalier De Gourges, a Frenchman. in revenge for the cruel treatment of his countrymen Such was the disastrous ending of the first efforts made by white people to establish themselves in that part of the country now known as South Carolina. These efforts failed, not because the natural difficulties to be overcome were insurmontable. but because. these nations were so greedy. so anxious to extend their domains that neither wanted the other to have any possessions in the New World
5. After these failures no other attempts were made by any European power to settle in South Carolina for a little over a hundred years: though during this period several colonies were established farther north by the English in New England. Maryland, and Virginia. The success and prosperity of these colonies aroused the interest of the Mother Country. as England was then, and long and fondly called by her children settled in America. In the second year after the restoration of Charles Il to the throne, some of his powerful friends to whom he was indebted for many and great services obtained a charter from him for all the territory south of Virginia, between Bl and 36 degrees of north latinde and extending across the con timent. This territory, which had been called Florida, or the
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DISCOVERY AND EARLY SETTLERS.
"Land of Flowers," by the Spaniards and also by the French. was now named Carolina by the English in honor of their king. 6. This Charter, dated March 24th, 1668, gave great and extensive privileges to the Lords Proprietors. The noblemen. to whom the Charter was granted, were Edward. Earl of Clarendon: George, Dake of Albemarle, William. Lord Craven: Sir William Berkeley; John, Lord Berkeley: Anthony. Lord Ashley: Sir George Carreres; and Sir John Colleton, all warm personal friends of the king. At that period of time the rights and titles to all waste and newly-discovered and unoccupied lands in the British Empire, were vested in the king, and be could grant and give such lands to whomsoever ho pleased. Previous to the granting of the charter some settlers from Virginia had gone southward, and had taken up their abode on the River Chowan. This region was then called Albemarle County, and William Drummond was made first governor. About the year 1661 a company of adventurers from Massa- chusetts had settled on Cape Fear river, and had bought a large tract of land from the Indians, and they now claimed from the Lords Proprietors the religious and civil privileges they had enjoyed while governing themselves.
7. The Proprietors declined to yield this claim: though they entered upon a scheme to plant settlers farther south and bring emigrants from the Barbadoes, and made very liberal offers to all who would remove to Carolina. The settlements about Cape Fear and Albemarle had many difficulties to con- fond with, but, upon the whole, they grew and prospered. These settlements being outside of South Carolina, their history belongs to that of North Carolina, in which stato they are.
S. As already stated a charter was granted by the king to certain parties on the 24th March. 1663. But it appears that a sound charter was granted on the 30th of June. 1865, wal Un charter formed the basis of the government of Carolina qual its surrender to the king in 1720. It was under this
HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
charter that the first settlement was made by the English ju South Carolina. This charter was entirely aristocratic in chur- acter, though not harsh. cruel, nor oppressive in its provisions It. with the "Fundamental Constitution" of the celebrated Joke Locke, devised for the government of Carolina, was intende ! to exclude a numerous demceracy: but. in many respects, very carefully guarded the security and welfare of the settlers Under this charter and this "Fundamental Constitution," William Savle held commission as first Governor of Carolius. bis commission bearing date July 26th. 1609. The expeditka under him, with supplies of men and provisions, is said to have left England in January. 1670. . It sailed thence aul arrived at Port Royal on the With day of March following.
9. Port Royal was a beautiful and commodious harbor, but. on account of its'exposed situation to attacks of Spaniards from St. Augustine, both by sea and land Governor .Sayle and Council determined. notwithstanding their, instructions. not to begin the settlement there. They accordingly left Port Royal in a short time and in the April following disembarked on the first high land on the west bank of the Keawaw, or Ashley river, which they named Albemarle point. They at once began to lay off a town, build dwelling houses, rud fortify themselves. The next year the place was called Charles- town. The jealous Spaniards at St. Augustine immediately sent a party to attack them, though England and Spain wer- at peace. The Spanish vessels entered Stone Inlet, but finding the place rather stronger than they had expected, the atthex was not made and the expedition returned to Florida.
10. Governor Sagle diet about the close of the year 1670. and was buried somewhere in the settlement: but no record! nor tradition informed us of the spot where the remains of the first Governor of South Carolina He buried.
QUESTI SS .- L. When and by whoit was America uncovered? Where did he Hund ? Who first on the mainland of Arterien? When, where, and by whom was the fast permment settlement nile?
PROGRESS OF THE SETTLEMENT.
2. What hastened the founding of St. Augustine? Why did the Freirch claim the country ?.
3. To whom did the Pope make large grants in 1454? Why ? In 14933 Why? Give an account of the attempt by the French to settle at Port Royal? Locate Port Roval?
1. What settlement was made by Laudouniere? Its fate? Why did the first efforts to settle South Carolina fail?
5. How long before other attempts were miade to settle South Carolina? Where were other settlements made? What was England sometimes called by the colonists? What do you know of the grant made by Charles H .? What name was given this country by the Spaniards ? Why? What by the English ? Why ?
6. To whom did the king grant the charter? What settlement was made before the charter was granted ?
7. In what State was this settlement?
8. Under what charter was the first English settlement made in South Carolina ? Tell about this charter ? Who was the first Governor? When did Governor Sayle arrive at Port Royal ?
9. Why did the colony leave Port Royal? Where did they go ? Give gn account of the Spanish expedition against this place ?
10. When did Governor Sayle die ?
CHAPTER III.
PROGRESS OF THE SETTLEMENT, INCREASE OF POPU- LATION.
1. Colonel Joseph West succeeded Sayle as Governor. The number of colonists at this time could not have been great. for all of them. with necessary arms, provisions. farming utensils, Ne., were brought from England in two small ships. The object of prime, importance was to increase the number of inhabitants. The preference was given to Protestants. As perfect religious liberty was at first granted by the Constitu tions and Charter. ithough afterwards some special favors and preferences were given to the Epicopalians, or members of the Established Church of England, this naturally stimulated
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HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
the coming of Dissenters, as they labored under religious disabilities in England. and grants of land were freely given to them in the Colony. Every year brought new adventureis. Some came through the love of adventure, some with the hope of bettering their fortunes, some for the sake of religious liberty, and some from attachment to particular leaders.
2. In 1671 a small colony came from the Barbadoes under the auspices of Sir John Yeamans, to whom a large grant of land had been made. This man was the first who brought African slaves into Carolina. and his, for a considerable time, were the only slaves in the Colony. At an earlier period. however, they had been introduced into Virginia, and other colonies farther north.
3. About the year '1675 Carolina received a great increase of strength from the Dutch Province of New Belgia, which had been taken possession of by England. The Proprietors of Carolina offered the New Belgians land, which many of them accepted. after which they moved to the Ashley River. They called their settlement Jamestowo This was the first Dutch settlement in South Carolina. From Jamestown they moved out in different directions over the country and the town was deserted.
4. The revocation of the edict of Nantes, (which odiet was a law of France giving liberty of conscience and of worship to all Protestants, ) added greatly to the population of Carolina and gave it some of its best families. For awhile after their coming they were looked upon with dislike because they were French and were denied the full rights of citizenship ou that account. But this dislike soon passed away, and the French refugees became a very valuable acquisition to the Colony. Prominent among these French bottles appear such nanes as. Gaillard. Dubose, Girardran Gounla, Grignard. Horry. Huger, Legare. Lourens, Marion, Mazyek, Manigault. Mouzon. Porcher, Simons. Trezevant. These first settled on the Sauter
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PROGRESS OF THE . SETTLEMENT.
River. Other refugees were driven from France and came directly to Carolina. which became a general place of refuge for French Protestants, even as had been desired and con- templated by one of their most distinguished leaders soon after the discovery of America-Admiral Coligny. A letter written by Judith Manigault. wife of Peter Manigault, gives a very faithful and vivid account of the hardships and sufferings borue patiently by those who fled from France to seek new homes in Carolina.
5. Judith Manigault died in 1711, seven years after the birth of her son Gabriel, who lived long and accumulated a large fortuce. His fortune was so large that he was able to make a loan of $20,000 to the adopted home of his persecuted parents to enable it to carry on its revolutionary struggle for freedom and independence. Three of the nine Presidents of the Continental Congress, that conducted the United States through all the perils of the Revolutionary War. were descend- auts of French refugees who ted to America in consequence of the revocation of the edict of Nantes. These were Henry Lanrens. of South Carolina: John Jay, of New York: Elias Bondinot, of New Jersey.
5. In 1679 two small vessels were provided at the expense of King Charles IL. which transported to Carolina a small solvay of French Protestants to raise wine, oil, silk and other southern products. They did not succeed in enriching either 'Lietaselves or the country by the production of these com- modities. . but they were an industrious people and became a valuable addition to the population of the Colony. In 1890 by command of the Proprietors a removal of the Colony took place. The seit of government was transforrel to Ogster Point, the present site of the city of Charleston. admirably situated for the purposes of commeres, at the continence of too deep and spathe rivers which, in compliment to Lord shaftsbury. had already been called Ashley and Cooper.
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