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HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
7. In the year 1006 a Congregational church from Dor- chester, Mass, with their minister. Rev. Joseph Lord. came and settled in a body about twenty two miles from Charleston. near the head of the Ashley river. From that time to 1790 Do considerable body of settlers at any one time came to South Carolina. but the colony continued to make a steady advanc- in population From Georgia or through Georgia, during this period. Carolina received considerable accessions. At the first settlement of Georgia the Colonists wore prohibited the use of spirituous liquors and the holding of slaves. As some of the settlers wanted both they moved to South Carolina where their desires could be gratino l.
S. South Carolina was very fortunate in having such a man as Joseph West at the head of her affairs for so many years after the planting of the Colony. Of Joseph West, Mr. Rivers. in his "Early History of South Carolina." thus writes: "Joseph West began his services to the colony in London on the 1-t of August, 1069. He continued then as commander of the Heet that bore the emigrants and General Sayle in safety to Carolina on the 17th March. 1670. As keeper of the public stores, he distributed fool and clothing to the needy, during the first years of the settlement. As the commercial and agricultural agent of the proprietors he was rewarded by this relinquishing to him the property bo holdt in charge. 15 Register of the colony; as temporary Governor by the people's choice on sweet occasions; atul finally as Landgrave and three times Governor by commission. he won the strong attach- ment of the colonists and the confideneo ant respect of the Proprietors. In a government carefully planned to be an aristocracy, and under the fostering direction of distinguished nobility in England, be a plelogan, faithful, wie, and modest. became for fifteen years the ceiling spirit of all that was good and sawes thil " There's absolutely nothing known af
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PROGRESS OF THE SETTLEMENT.
him after he retired from office except that he soon left the province.
1. From 1730 to 1750, after the colony had become a royal province, more vigorous measures were adopted by the govern- ment for the increase of population. Grants of land were ·made on most favorable terins, and the door was thrown open to Protestants of all nations: Great numbers came from Switzerland. Holland. and Germany. The Swiss settled on the Lortheast bank of the Savannah River: the Dutch in Orange- burg. and on the Congarce and Wateree. The Irish went to Williamsburg township. Soon after the rebellious in Scotland of 1715 and 1745, many Highlanders came of their own will. or were transported by the British government to Carolina.
10. In 1755, by a treaty made by Governor Gleon with the Cherokee Indians, large tracts of country in middle Carolina were made safe for emigrants to settle there, and the country rapidly filled up. War between France and England also helped to increase the population of Carolina. When Nova Scotia, callel by the French Acacia. was taken from them by the English. many of the inhabitants were banished to other British possessions and about 1.500 were sent to Charlestown. where some remained and became useful and wealthy citizens. The lands claimed as having been acquired from the Cherokees by the treaty of 1755, comprise the present Districts of Edge- field. Abbeville, Laurens, and Newberry. The territory now wuprising Union, Spartanburg. York. Chester. Fairfield, and Richland, was acquired from the Indians in 1777.
11. There were other considerable accessions of population from Europe. One Stumpel. who had been an officer in the Prussian service, applied for grants of land in America. Having induced between five and six thousand poor Germans come over to England for the purpose of emigrating to invries, and, finding himself anable to keep his promise to Dient, bo Hed, leaving them dostitute. Money was raised for
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HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
them in England and they were sent to Carolina, where they were kindly received and cared for. This was in 1764.
12. Iu the same year two hundred and twelve French Pro testants, who were suffering persecution on account of their religion, were induced by their pastor. Rev. Mr. Gibert, to emigrate. They left France at different times, and, as it were. by stealth, meeting at Plymouth, in England, from which port they sailed for Charleston where they arrived in April, 1704. They spent the summer at Beaufort and returned to Charles- town in October. They soon set out for the back country -- land having been surveyed and assigned to them in the neigh- hood of Long Cane .. now in Abbeville County. They called their settlement New Bordeaux. Abbeville County derives its name from Abbeville in France, and was so called from the number of French settlers in that section.
13. Between the years 1700 and 1770 many northern colonists moved to South Carolina. The migration was so great that. sometimes. in one year more than a thousand families, with all their property. moved to the middle and upper parts. where lands bad been assigned them in the woods. This region soon became the most populous part of the province. These were strong and energetic settlers, who secured the colony from the encroachments of Indian; on the west. The old settlements on the coast began to extend rapidly towards the interior.
14. During the Revolutionary War there was little or no immigration: but immediately after the war the Districts of Greenville and Pendleton. which had been acquired from the Cherokees in 1777, Allt up so rapidly that, by the year 1800. they alone contained 30,000 inhabitants, which was more than the whole population of the province in the sixty fourth year of its settlement
QUESTIONS-1. Who succeeded Governor Sayle? What can you say
15
THE PROPRIETORS AND THE PEOPLE.
of the number of colonists? What stimulated the coming of Dissenters to the colony ? What brought new adventurers?
2. Who first brought African slaves into the colony ? Where had they been introduced before?
3. What settlement was made in 1675, and where?
4. What induced French settlers? Give names of some of the promi- nent ones ?
5. What is said of Gabriel Manigault? What prominent men of the Revolution were descendants of these refugees ?
6. Give account of French Protestants sent over by King Charles? What was done in 16So?
7. What settlers from Dorchester, Massachusetts? Why did settlers leave Georgia and come to Carolina ?
8. What do you know of Governor West?
9. What steps were taken to increase the population? Where did settlers come from? Where did the Swiss settle; the Dutch; the Irish ?
IO. How many settlers came from Acadia? What territory was acquired from the Indians in 1,55: in 1777?
Ir. Give an account of Stumpel and the German settlers ?
12. What is said of the French settlers of 1764? Where did Abbeville County get its name ?
13. What can you say of the migration from 1760 to 1770? What kind of people were they ?
14. What increase of population from the Revolutionary War to the year ISoo ?
CHAPTER IV.
RELIGIOUS DISSENSIONS, PARTY STRIFES, THE PRO- PRIETORS AND THE PEOPLE.
1. Entire religious liberty and freedom of conscience had been granted by the Charter to all settlers, yet under the "Fundamental Constitution," and alterations of those Constitu- tions, the Proprietors, who were of the established Church of England, wanted to favor that Church by all means in their power, and wild so. But this could not be done without cir- vumseribing. to some extent, the freedom of Dissenters.
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HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
2. A large majority of the people were Dissenters from the Church of England, and any special favors shown to that Church they justly regarded as wrongs to themselves. This difference in religion was, at first, one great source of trouble amongst the settlers. One party was Hirh Church -- - these were the cavaliers and members of families with aristocratie tenden- cies-pampered citizens, as they were sometimes called. The other party was composed of Puritans-men of rigid morals and decorous manners -- and the working people. The cavaliers laughed at the Puritans, and the Puritans, being scorned. opposed violently their influence among the people. Honce it became dittienlt to frame laws to suit all parties.
3. Governor West did all that was possible for any man to do under the circumstances: but his council being composed of cavaliers it was impossible for him to ensure quiet at al! times. The Proprietors also grew weary of sending supplies cf clothing and farming utensils to the settlers, and insistel upon having some return for their outlay .. At one time the settlers requested a supply of cattle to be sent to them, which the Proprietors refused, saying that they did not wish to encourage graziers, but planters. From this epoch Dr. Ramsiy says wo may date the prosperity of Carolina. "She was then taught a lessoa which it is of importance for every indivilail and every State to know, That she must depend altogether upoa her own exertions."
4. The strife continued, in the meantime, between the parti- zans of the Proprietors and those who contended for the rights of the people. It became so great that in the period of four years, from 1892 to 1686, there were no less than five Gov ernors: Joseph Morton. Joseph West, Richard Kirle. Robert Quarry, and James Colleton. The last named determined to exert bis authority and to collect the ghit-routs which were over due. These quit rents, though light noannually, were really and practically burdensome, as there was no profit derived
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THE PROPRIETORS AND THE PEOPLE.
from a great deal of land upon which rents were due. In his efforts to conduct affairs in his own arbitrary way. Governor Colleton failed, end declared martial law. This measure so exasperated the people and the Assembly, that, in the year 1690, a bill was passed disqualifying him from holding any office and banishing him from the province.
5. About this time. the notorious Seth Sothel, driven from North Carolina in disgrace, came to South Carolina, and pre- tending to be a proprietor, nauipol the government. He proved to be the worst governor in all respects the colony ever had, either before or after his time. His extortions were so many and so great that the people at length determined to seize him and ship him by free from the country. He Logged pheously and promised to submit to the judgment of the Assembly at the next meeting. The Assembly sustained Il the charges against him. compelled him to relinquish the government and to leave the country forever. An account of his administration was drawn up and sent to the proprietors, wLo ordered him to appear before them.
6. Mr. Rivers, in bis "Early History of South Carolina." ra'ses grave doubts as to Seth Sotbel's having been the entirely graceles: scamp he is commonly represented. Mr. Rivers says: "He sought refuge, in South Carolina, where his actions seemed to the proprietors but an aggravation of the numerous charges made against him by those he formerly governed. Yet the wis- dom and liberality of the laws he enacted, the legislative ability displayed in restoring stability to the colony, and his judicious accordance in promoting the just wishes of the people, throw a shadow of doubt on the malignant character that has been ascribed to him as a public officer." Surely, he must have been better than he is usually represented. We must always take with a grain of allowance whatocor may be said, whether good or bad, of secteur med of past times, or of the present. 7. Philip La lwoll succeeded Seth Sothel in 1992. It seems
2
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HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
that he wanted to do right. He and the proprietors favored the French refugees and wished to make them equal to the other citizens in all civil and religious privileges. But the people would not yet allow it. After awhile Gowerner Ludwell. too, gave offence to the proprietors by proposing to the Assembly to consider a new form of deed for holding lands. which they thought encroached on their rights and they removed him. He then returnel to his former bome in Vir- ginia, glad to get away from a secon of strife, which be bod found little better than a hornet's nest.
S. Thomas smith. a man esteemed for his wisdom and prudence, was appointed to succeed Undwell. He, too, failed to give satisfaction. The French Protestants complained that they had co legal rights and they were fearful. that. on their death, their lands would return to the government, and their children would be left destinate The other settlers af-s complained of their groat harlhips Under those trying circumstances Governor Smith Regard to be calevel of a har. den which he found too heavy for Lim to Fear.
Q. On July 15th. 1094. John Archdale, a pions and intelli- gent Quaker, who had become a proprietor through his father. Thomas Archdale. the purchaser of Lady Berkeley's share was elected governor. He was one of the best governors the colony ever bed under the proprietors But he dil not are ceed in pleasing all parties. The antipathy of the English for the French colonists was so great, that he did not try to overeste it, but yielded to it. and issual write of election on two counties only, leaving the Frouch settlers entirely with a represent ition. He could only recommend that they be treated in a friendly and just mauner. When ho return l to England the colony was prosperous and happy.
10. Joseph Blake succeeded Archdale, and in 199 an sat was passed moku all aliens, then inhabitants, from, and abb to hold lands and inherit. sell and convert provided, that
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THE PROPRIETORS AND THE PEOPLE.
within the e months they should petition for these privileges and take the path of allogianes to King William. All Chris- tiens, Papits only excepted. were centimmiel in all privileges of religious liberty and worship, March 10th. 1607.
11. Meantime disputes and disagreements. between the colo- nists and the proprietors. still continued - the proprietors gradually yielding as the people gained strength. In truth the system of government. under which the colony was trying to live, was singularly ill-adapted to the situation. It was a curious piece of work. spun at first from the brain of a wise man. and afterwards modeled and romedell by others. As a curiosity in lerislation it is worth studying.
12. By making the French settlers citizens with rights equal to those of the English, and by granting all regions liberty to all Dissenters, the conflicting parties ingame reconciled. Unfortunately, soon after this happy event. now troubles croso from the personal ambition of one man. the Attorney-General of the cology. Hlv testered and encouraged we his own schich purposes the traincy to disgre meuts wheely owerting in the year 1700 the dispute about the nomination of certain officers began between the upper House and lower House of the Assembly. The Artorney-General. Trott, who sought popu- larity, took sides with the people. As he. however, rendered himself liable to censure on account of some partiality in the business of the colony, the governor suspended him. But Mir. Blake, the then governor. died soon afterwards and the host Assembly restored Mr. Trott to Lis cada
13. From 1696 to 1710 there were for governors. Joseph Blake, James Moore. Sir Nathaniel Johns m. and Edward Tynte. The principal events during this period, were the sending of an expedition against St. Augustine, and a defence of the colony against an attack by the French and Spread: During Gov. error Johnson's administration, from THE to 100. dispares between the parties, both in Church and state, ran very high.
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HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
On the death of Governor Tynte. in 1710. the province almost broke into a civil war. At that time there were only three deputies of the Lords Proprietors. Robert Gibbes, My. Turbevil. and Colonel Broughton. and the election of governor rested with these three. On the day of election Mr. Turberil voted for Mr. Broughton in the morning, but in the afternoon. after a pleasant and satisfactory interview with Mr. Gibbes, he voted for that gentleman.
14. Mr. Gibbes was proclaimed Governor. but upon the sud len death of Mr. Tarbevil. it having been discovered that his vot- was bought. Colonel Broughton claimed the office. The two governors and their friends caam very near fighting about it: but finally the matter was referred for decision to the Lords Proprietors, who very properly gave the office to neither. bat appointed Charles Craven, who, at the tim. was holding the office of Secretary to the Governor.
15. During Craven's administration the province was involved in two severe contests with the Indians: one on the north with the Tuscaroras. the other on the south with the Yamassces. In these contests. though the colony suffered heavy losses. yet these tribes of Indians were so nearly ruined that they were never afterwards dangerous. Craven showed himself to be a brave and skillful officer, and a wise and good governor. In Gilmore Sims' novel of the Yamassees a halo of romance is thrown around Governor Craven and Lis adventures that goes far towards making his administration the heroic age of the province.
16. Craven left the colony in 1716. having appointed Robert Daniel deputy governor. In the next year Robert Johnson. ison of Sir Nathaniel Johnson, was made governor. He was he last of the Proprietary Governors. In the year 1719, a revolution oscarred. and South Carolina, to the great satisfac- tion of the people, and without injury to the proprietors. Was made a Royal Province.
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OVERTHROW OF THE PROPRIETORS.
QUESTIONS. - I What is said of religious liberty ? Whom did the pro- prictors wish to favor?
2. What Church parties were represented in the colony ? Which was in the majority? What was one great source of trouble ?
3. How did the proprietors treat the request for cattle ? What lesson did the colony fearu from this ?
1. Name the governors from 1992 to 1686? What did Governor Colle- ton determine to 15? Why were the quit rents high? What offended the people with Governor Colleton ? What did the Assembly do ?
5. State what you know about Seth Sothe! ?
6. What does Mr. Rivers say of Sothel?
7. Who became governor in 1692? Give some account of him. What . offence did be give ?
S. Who succeeded Ludwell? Give an account of his administration ?
9. Who was the next governor ? How did he succeed ? In what con- dition did he leave the colony ?
10. Who succeeded Archdale? What act was passed in 1692'
II. Why is the system of government under which the colony was operated interesting ?
12. What reconciled the conflicting parties? What new trouble arose about this time ? Give an account of it.
13. What four governors from 1695 to 1710? State the principal events during this period.
14. How was Gibbes elected governor ? Who claimed the office of Governor? Why? How was the matter settled ?
15. Give an account of the contests with Indians auring Craven's administration. What can you say of Governor Craven ?
16. Whom did Craven appoint deputy governor ? Who was the last of proprietary governors ? How and when did South Carolina become a Royal Province ?
CHAPTER V.
REVOLUTION OF 1719.
1. As we have already seen the Proprietary rule from the very beginning was unsatisfactory. And so far from getting better as time went on it grew wore Under such governors as Joseph West. Jobn Archdale, and Charles Craven, matters
HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
went on very well. for these men were all wise and politic and were lovers of justice. But. in the very nature of things. it was impossible for a controlling power so remote to govern suce fully.
2. The explosion of 1719, although sudden as all explosions are, had its spring anl source in causes existing from the first. One great immediate exciting cause of the revolution was the war with the Famassess in 1715, In that hard struggle the Assembly of South Carolina tu pealed to the pro- prietors for help. at the same time instructum; their agent to appeal to the king if the proprietors should fail to render assistance.
3. The merchants were very will be to go to the king for help. for they felt that he was both more able and willing to assist and protect them than were the proprietors About midsummer in 1715, the Carding agent waited upon the proprietors and leil the case before them. stating the condition of the colony and urging the necessity for speed; casistaus. He was not satisfied with the cuswer the proprietor gave. : and at once petitioned the House of Commons in behalf of the Carolinians.
1. The commmons addressed the king, and he led the theater Ifore the Lords Commission as of Trule and Prestations. They raised the objectim, that as Carolina was the property of the proprietors, if the nation should be at the expense of taking care of is, the government ought to le in the crown. Then Lorl Carteret, out of the proprietors, wrote to the following affect. "We, the proprietors of Carolina. ar> utterly unable to afford our colony suitable assistance in this en juncture; and. unless his majesty will graciously please to interfere, We can forese> nothing but the utter destruction of his majesty's faithful soloects in these parts."
5. The Lords of Trab then asked Cartoni what san night be necessary for that purpose: and whether the government
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THE ROYAL GOVERNMENT.
should not devolve on the crown if Great Britian should bear the expense? Lord Cartaret replied. "that if the money neces- sury should be advanced and not be repail in a reasonable time, thon. he hmutly conceived that his majesty would have an equitable right."
6. In the mean time the colonists got no help from either the Ling or the proprietors. When they appealed to the king they were told they could get no help from him as long as they belonged to somebody else. As the parties to whom they belongel were not able to assist them their dissatisfac- tion very naturaliy iserasell It grew to a great height when the proprietors repeated the Act of Assembly granting the lauds of the Yamassees to settlers, and by that repeal ruining many innocent people.
7. Robert Johnson became governor in 1717, and it was dur- ing his administration, towards the close of the year 1719, that the outbreak took place which resulted in the overthrow of the proprietary government and the installation of Colonel James Mongo as the first royal governor. Some time preceling the outbreak the assembly and the people had formed a regular organization, conspiracy it might be called. to overthrow the proprietary government, as they found it impossible to live longer under sneh mismanaged institutions as they had. Ot this organization, and of all sporet meetings. Governor Jokeson was in entire ignorance until he received a letter bearing date November 24th, 1719. and signal by Alexander Skene. William Blakemay, and George Logan, informing him of the determina. tion of the people to change the government, and requesting him to become governor under the king.
8. Governor Johnson. though highly gratified and flattered by their expressions of confidence in him and affection for him. could not with honor comply with their request, as he bell his position and comunission from the proprietors, and felt bound to govern for them to the best of his ability. The
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HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
representatives of the people, finding it impossible to win the governor, and being determined to go on to the completion of their work, chose Colonel Moore for governor and set a day for proclaiming the fact, although Governor Johnson had ordered their dissolution. Governor Johnson had fixed a day for a general review of the milltia, and the assembly appointed the same day for proclaiming Moore governor.
9. Mcore was proclaimed governor, but Johnson made one more effort to retain his authority. The Spaniards, who had just tried to invade Carolina, having failed and retired to St. Augustine. Johnson, with the assistance of the captains and crews of the British vessels then in the harbor of Charlestown for its defence. made one last effort to reduce the people to subjection. He failed and retired from the contest.
10. While these events were taking place in Carolina the agent of the colonists obtained a hearing from the lords of the regency and council in England, the king being in Hanover. These lords of the regency gave it as their opinion that the proprietors had forfeited their charter, and ordered a writ of saire facias to be issued against them. The matter was finally setiled to the satisfaction of all parties by the payment to the proprietors of £17,500 sterling. About this time, 1719, the province of Carolina was divided into North and South Carolina.
11. The form of government in South Carolina after the revolution of 1719, was made like that of Great Britian, as nearly as circumstances would permit. There were a governor. council. and assembly, and to them the making of the laws was committed. The governor and council were appointed by the king, and the assembly was elected by the people of the colony. All acts passed were first to be sent to England and approved by the king before they became laws. This was an inconvenience, but the system of government was better than the former, and under it the province increased in popu- lation and wealth.
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