USA > South Carolina > School history of South Carolina > Part 5
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12. Tell of the expedition under Colonel Barnwell.
13. How didl Colonel Barnwell and his men get back to Charlestown? Were the people pleased with him?
1.1. With what trihe did a war next begin ? What can you say of the expedition under Colonel Moore ?
15. How was Colonel Moore received by the Assembly? What of the Tuscaroras after this war?
CHAPTER XIL.
WARS WITH THE INDIANS CONTINUED.
1. The Yamassees had deserted the Spaniards, and. for some time, had bren the avowed friends of the English. and to all appearance implacable in their hatred towards their former friends: and. as we have seen. joined the Carolinians in con- siderable numbers in the war against the Tuscaroras. During the whole of the war, known as Queen Anne's war, they were the faithful allies of the Carolinians, and from their now homes in South Carolina, near Port Roval. continually went ont in marauding bands to the neighborhood of St Augustine.
2. But from some emise the feeling of friendship towards the Carolinians changed. helped, no doubt. by emissaries
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HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
from the Spaniards. It was noticed that. for a long time before the war actually broke out, the chief warriors of the Yamassees made frequent visits to St. Augustine, dined with the governor, and returned home with presents of hats. jackets. and coats. all trimmed with shining silver lace. They also brought back supplies of knives, hatchets, firearms. and am- munition.
3. Still the Carolinians did not mistrust them. There were. however, some intimations of danger which ought to have been more carefully hooded. Sanute, a chief. had become warmly attached to John Fraser, a Scotch Highlander, who traded amongst the Yamassees, and he toll Fraser that was would soon begin, and that he and Mrs. Fraser had better co to Charlestown as soon as possible. Fraser doubted, but Mrs Fraser, boing terrified, urgeil her husband to go and they left for Charlestown, but without letting others know of the danger apprehended.
4. Intimation of approaching war spread through the pro- vince. But the actual danger was far greater than any oce thought. The Yamassues had joined with themselves the Creeks. the Appalachians, the Congarees. Catawbas. and Cherokees. Indeed. every Indian tribe, from Florida to Cape Fear river. had joined in a conspiracy for the destruction of the colony. The southern division of Indians numbered 6,000 bowmen and the northern about $00. The colonists were not able to muster more that 1.200 men fit to bear arms.
5. This was a very unpleasant situation for the colonists. But Governor Craven was equal to the emergency. He pro- claimed martial law. laid an embargo on all shipping. and obtained an Act of the Assembly giving him power to impress men, arms, ammunition, and all kinds of supplies, and to arm trusty negroes in the common defence. Agents were sent for help to Virginia and England, and bills were stamped for the payment of the army and other expenses.
THE INDIAN WARS.
6. Craven at the head of the troops marched against the greater force of the ludians. He advanced very cautiously as he knew the nature of the enemy and that the fate of the colony depended upon the issue of the contest in which he was abont to engage. After some bard marching and fighting he was entirely successful, and fnally drove the Yamassees from the settlements at Indian Land across the Savannah river. and cleared Carolina of all Indians in that quarter.
7. But while Craven was successfully conducting the war on the south. the danger on the northern side of the colony became extremely great. The Indians. moving towards Charles- town, entered the house of John Kearns, about fifty miles from the town. apparently in a peaceable manner, but after- wards killed him and all his family. Captain Thomas Barker collected a party of 00 horsemen and advanced against them. But he was led into an ambuscade by a supposed friendly Indian, and the whole were either killed or scattered in confusion and disorder.
S. The panic was now so great that while the enemy was hastening down to Goose creek the whole parish was fleeing towards Charlestown. There was, however, one plantation where 70 white men and 40 negroes, resolved to defend them- selves, had thrown up a breast-work. In vain the Indians assaulted it, but the defenders rashly permitted themselves to listen to proposals for peace, and while the talk was going oh they were surprised and were nearly all butchered.
9. The Indians, 400 strong, pursued their way in triumph towards Charlestown. They advanced as far as Goose creek. The militia of Goose creek were collected by Captain Chicken and by them the Indians were defeated and driven back and the colony was secured on the north.
10. The loss of the Carolimians in this war was at least 100 killed. They lost also an immense amount of property destroyed by the savages, and a heavy debt was incurred.
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HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
11. This was the most formidable Indian war that Carolina was ever engaged in, and for awhile it was feared that the colony might be destroyed. But it was saved and from that time it grew and expandel rapidly. For about forty years succeeding the war the peace of the colony was preservedl without aby considerable or general interruption. In the year 1752 the province was very nearly involved in a war with the Indians, but happily escaped.
12. As we have already seen the settlement of the middle and upper country began about the year 1750, and progressed very slowly for five or six years. Aboat 1700. or a little earlier, a war broke out with the Cherokees, which caused great suffering to the white people of the upper country and the breaking up of several settlement ..
13. But to the Indians the loss was still greater. They were beaten in the contest and forced to give up part of their territory and retire towards the mountains, into that ragion which now constitute the counties of Anderson. Oconee. Pickens. and Greenville. They contiunedl to inhabit that territory until the war of the Revolution, when, having taken part with the British, they drew upon themselves the resentment of South Carolina, and were involvel in a wor, which rosalted in their expulsion to territory beyond the ta untains, and the surrender of all their lands lying east of the Alleghanies - May 20th, 1777.
QUESTIONS .- 1. What was the attitude of the Indians towards the Spariards? Towards the English?
2. What caused a change of feeling? What did the Indians get from the Spanish governor ?
3. What intimation of danger did John Prayer receive? What did Fraser .I .?
1. What Indian tribes joined in a conspiracy against the colonists? What was the number of Indians? Number of colonists?
5. Tell what Governor Craven dil to defend the colony.
4. What do you Know of Governor Craven's expedition apdust the Indiaus and its restilt ?
---
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THE INDIAN WARS.
7. At this time what happened in the northern part of the colony ?
S. Where did the colonists flee for safety ? What effort was made to resist the Indians? Its result ?
9. What did the Indians now do? Where and by whom were they defeated :
Io. Give the losses of the colonists in this war.
Il. How long did peace continue after this war ?
12. What happened in 1760?
13. Where were the Cherokees driven? How long did they remain there? After the Revolution what became of them ?
CHAPTER XIII.
WARS WITH THE INDIANS CONTINUED.
1. Although there was no general or regular war with the Indians from the great Yamassee war of 1715 to the breaking out of that war with the Cherokees and their allies in 1700 or 1761. yet there was never good and friendly feeling between the parties. The Indians had no respect for private property. scarcely knew the meaning of the word: and consequently. when it suited their convenience, freely appropriatel horses, cattle, or any movable property belonging to the whites.
2. Private quarrels andt murders becam> common. On Sat- urday, the 4th of May, 1751. two Indians came to the house of Mrs. Mary Gould, and. though they were kindly received and slept in pesce in the same house through the greater part of the night, yet aboat daylight on Snaday morning they arose and came to the bedside where Mr and Mrs. Gould were quietly sleeping and shot Me Gould through the head, killing huth instantly. A young mar resting on the floor was killed at the same time. The ovo children were also killed. And, thinking that they had also Willed Mrs. Could, the savages then took the Markets of the beds and the children and stripped the beast of everything valuable that they could carry away. Mrs. Could. Weself, del son
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HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
afterwards of the injuries she had received. These murders were done in the region about midway between the Congarees and the Savannah towns and the perpetrators were Savannabs. 3. A little later a torriblo massacre took place on Buffalo creek, in the territory of what is now York County. Capt. James Francis, writing to Governor Glen, under date of Octo- ber 7th, 1754, gives the following account of the affair: "On a stream called Buffalo creek. supposed by some to be in North Carolina, and by others in the southern province, at the house of Mr. Guttery, a sociable, hospitable man and of good resolution, where several families traveling from the North had rut up: at the same unfortunate time a family from the neighborhood had also come in to await the return of a young couple, who had gone some for y or more miles to a justice of the peace to be married.
4. "In the meantime a party of sixty Indians came upon these unhappy people. twenty one in all, and murdered sixteen of them on the spot. Their bodies were found scattered around in a circumference of some two or three hundred yards: the remaining five were carried off or killed at a distance from the place where they were attacked. They have not yet been heard from: among them are a woman and three children -- of the fifth one f conld get no account." Efforts were made to recover the children, but if successful there is no record of the fact.
5. In August. 1751. Captain Fairchild, commanding a com- pany of rangers, informed the governor that he had ranged with his company as high up as Ninety-Six and built near that place a fort of puncheon logs for the protection of the people of that settlement. This fort was on the north bank of John's creek, and it is probable that some remains of the old stockade may still be soon there.
6. In May. 1751, Captain Francis of Ninety-Six, sent a letter to the governor urging him to take into consideration
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THE INDIAN WARS.
the dangers to which the people there on Saluda were exposed from the incursions of the northern Indians and the schemes of the French. In July he again wrote to the governor urging upon Him the necessity of building a fort at Ninety- Six. A few days thereafter Captain Roger Gibson sent down further information.
7. He wrote from the Coronaka, stating, among other things: "I must, however. inform you of the miserable condition in which we found the upper settlers: they had been driven from their homes, their bouses robbed and their crops destroyed. About one mile above Ninety-Six we encamped, and. taking a small detachment of my men. I went up the river to Cor- onaka to discover. if possible, the Indians who, we had learned, had killed the cattle of the people there, cut down their corn. and committed other acts of violence." They found no Indians. but he says: "While we were gone, however these Indians came to a house with long knives drawn in their hands, and. having entered it. one of them fired off his gun, and imme- diately after reloaded it. They toldl the people they were Cherokees."
5. Most deplorable was now the condition of the settlers of the upper country. Never before, nor after, not even in the darkest period of the Revolutionary War, did they suffer more. or stand in greater need of assistance. Some of them were murdered in cold blood: their children were carried into cap- tivity; their houses burned and property destroyed. These dangers were faced and endured for ten years or more.
9. From 1749 to the close of the campaign in 1761 there was not a settlement in this portion of the province not exposed to the inroads of hostile savages, and not infrequently they were the scenes of bloody tragedies and domestic ruin. Through the most critical and trying half of this period James Glen was governor of the province. Some are disposed to blame him and attribute to him the disasters of the upper
HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
country at this period. These disturbances culminated at last in the Cherokee war of 1700-61, in which the strength of that nation was completely broken and the Cherokees wore driven from their lands farther up the country.
10. In July. 1753, the chiefs of the Cherokees had a long conference with Governor Glen at the council house in Charles: town and matter- were amicably discussed. On their departure a guard of ten soldiers was allowed them as an escort on the way. These soldiers left them at the Congarees and they proceeded alone. From the Congaree- their way led them to Saluda Old Town. On the Little Saluda. ten or twelve miles from the Old Town. lived Stephen Holston, in a house not far from the Indian trail. By the time the Indians came to Hoistou's they had fallen short of provisions.
11. Holston was not at home, and the party. forty in number. soon became insolent and mischievous. They surrounded the house and demanded provisions. MIrs, Holston readily granted whatever she could afford. At night two of them insistel upon sleeping on the floor. Mrs. Holston permitted them. and during the night the others surrounded the house and those inside opened the door, when the others rushed in. They made a great noise, whooping and firing of their guns.
12. Mrs. Holston, being greatly frightened. seized her infant. and seeing one of the Indians about to force open the door of her room, she opened the window and jumped to the ground with her baby in her arnis and ran, and did not ceas. running until she reached the house of a neighbor several miles distant. The savages did not parano ber, but plundered the house of all its valuables took thirty bushels of corn and iwo valuable horses from the stables Hokin camp home soon afterwards but too late to do anything to recover his property.
Questions , Hol the whites and Indians have friendly feelings towards each other . Why was there an unfriendly feeling ?
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THE INDIAN WARS.
2. Tell what happened at the house of Mr. Gould. Where were these thurdera committed ?
3. Give an account of the massacre on Buffalo creek.
4. How many Indians were in this party and how many whites were killed :
5. Of what did Captain Fairchild inform the governor in August, 1751 ? 6. In May, 1751, what did Captain Francis urge the governor to do?
7. What report did Captain Gibson make?
8. What do you know of the condition of the settlers in the upper country ?
9. What is further sall of the condition of the settlers in the up coun- try? What is said of Governor Glen? What did these disturbances lead to, and what was the result ?
10. Tell about the conference of the Cherokee chiefs with Governor Glen. Where did these chiefs commit depredations on their return home.
11. Tell something about the conduct of the Indians at the house of Stephen Holston,
12. What is further sald of their conduct ?
CHAPTER XIV.
INDIAN WARS CONTINUED.
1. In the fall of 1753. Governor Glen visited the country of the lower Cherokees, concluded a firm treaty of peace with them. parchasel a large territory of land, and erected the bag promised fort at Keowes Other forts were also built by Governos Glen. one 170 miles lower down the Savannah. vall d Fort Moore, where Hatibery was afterwards built: anl one called Fort London, on the Tennessee river. more than tive han fred miles from Charlestown.
2. These forts were garrisoned by troops from Great Britain. The patablishment of these defenses led to the rapid settle- tuent of the choice phiees in their neighborhood At this time. 1757, and for a short wade In fire. the Cherkres were friendly; but in the year 17.7, while William Hatten was
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HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
governor of South Carolina, a large party of Cherokee Indians. who had been in Virginia fighting the French, and who had been of great assistance in the reduction of Fort Duquesne. on their return to Carolina took possession of a number of horses belonging to the settlers in the western parts of Virginia.
3. The Virginiaus resented this; attacked and killed some of the warriors and made prisoners of others. This the Indians considered a great outrage. It kindlet the warlike feelit among them instantly and they began scalping the whites wherever they could find them. Parties of young warriors came down upon the frontier settlements of Carolina, and massacres became general.
4. The Carolinians armed themselves and gathered together for protection. The chiefs of the Cherokees, still wishing to preserve the peace, sent a deputation to Governor Lyttleton to bring about a reconciliation. The governor did not receive them kindly and finally made them captives and locked them up in prison. He refused to listen to theta. And having determined on an expedition to the upper country, he set out with his forces, having the chiefs under guard, to the Con- garees, where he mustered 1400 men. But he proceeded no further, as lus men were badly equipped and somewhat mutinous.
5. He here sent for Attakullakulla, the wise old chief of the Cherokees, and, after some delay, a treaty was patched up between them in the latter part of the year 1750. 1. the chiefs who made the treaty were, most of them, then held as prisoners by the governor, but little attention was paid by them or the nation to it. Soon after the conclusion of the treaty the smallpox, which was then raging in an Indian town near by, broke out in Littleton's camp. The men were struck with terror, and in great haste returned to the settlement. carefully avoiding one another on the way.
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THE INDIAN WARS.
The governor followed and reached Charlestown January Sth, 1760.
6. There was neither fighting nor bloodshed on this expe- dition. yet it cost the province 25,000 pounds sterling. The governor on his return was received with great joy. But the rejoicings on account of the peace were scarcely over before news was received that war bad begun again, and that fourteen men had been killed by the Cherokees within a mile of Fort George.
7. The hostages which had been given by the Indians as a pledge for the capture and surrender of the young Cherokees who had made the last raid upon the whites were in con- finement at Fort George, at that time commanded by Colonel Cotymore. This officer was very much disliked by the Indians. and Occonastota. a chief of great infinenes and a deadly ruemy of the whites, collected a large body of Cherokees and surrounded the fort with a determination to capture it.
8. Finding the place so strong that he could not take it by force be resorted to strategy. Having placed a select body of warriors in a thicket by the river sale he sent a woman to tell the colonel that he wished to see him at the river, as he had an important communication to make. Cotv- 'hore consented to see him and taking his houtenants, Bell and Foster. with him he went down to the river side. Occo- nastota appeared on the other side with a bridle in his hand. and he told Cotymore that he was on his way to Charles- town to procure a release of the prisoners then at Fort George, and that he wanted a white man to go with him as a safeguard. Cotymore told him that he should have a grand. While they were talking the Indian thrice waved the bridle over bis bead, when some shots were immediately fired from the ambush, and Corymore was killed and the other two were wounded.
9. The garrison in the fort then undertook to put the
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HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
hostages in irons. They resisted and stabbed some of the men. whenongun the hostages were all immediately but :Level. The whole Cherokee nation was maddened by this act, and war at care engel all along the border, and an indiscriminar butchery began. The smallpox was then raging in Charles town, so that the lower part of the province was noable to send help to the cther. But what could be done was done. Seven troops of the rangers were sent from Virginia and North Carolina, and a British force. under the command of Colouel Montgomery. was also sent to the assistance of the province.
10. Montgomery chastised the Cherokees in several severe engagements, but he could not stay long enough to reduce them to entire submission, as his presence was absolutely required in New York. But the Carolinians determined to prosecute the war with vigor. A regiment was raised and the comninnd was given to Colonel Middleton. Amongst the field officers were Henry Lanrens, William Moultrie, Francis Marion. Como Hacer, and Andrew Pickens. A force of British regulars under Colonel James Grant having landed at Charles- town in the early part of 1761, the combined forces, with some friendly Indians were placed under his command.
11. Of the campaign of Grant it is sufficient to say that in several battles the Cherokees were completely defeated: their towns were burnt: their erops destroyed: and desolation followed his footsteps. They were so utterly ruined and humbled that they sned for peace. It was during this war that Fort Lowlon, on the Tonnessee river. under command of Captain Stuart, capitulated, having received a guarantee of safety. After the surrender the soldiers were set upon by the savages and many were butchered in cold blood.
12. This was the last Indian war in which the Carolinians were ongas ! previous to the Revolution. In 1777 the Chero kees took part with the British, and again they sufferel
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THE INDIAN WARS.
severely. That war will be noticed in relating the history of the Revolution.
QUESTIONS. - 1. What dal Governor Clen do iu the fall of 1753? Where were two other forts built about this time ?
2. By whom were these forts garrisoned ? What did the establishment of these Forts lead to? Give an account of the doings of a large body of Cherokees in 1757.
3. What did the Virginians do? How did the In liaus retaliate ?
4. What did the Corbliniaus do ? What was the feeling of the Indian chiefs? Now did Governor Lyttleton treat their messengers? What expedition did he determine to make ? Why did he give it up ?
5. Whom did he send for? What was done? Why was very little attention paid to this treaty ? What broke out in Lyttleton's camp, and with what result ?
6. How much del the colony lose by this expedition ? What happened near Fort George ?
7. What hostages were in Fort George? Who commanded this fort? By whom and for what purpose was it attacked :
S. What message dil Occonastota send Colonel Cotymore? Give the result of this interview.
9. What did the garrison in the fort do? What effect had this deed upon the Cherokees? Why was Charlestown unable to send help? What assistance was sent to the colony?
Io. What did Montgomery do ? What steps were taken by the colony for its defence? Who were some of the officers in the regiment raised ? What force landed at Charlestown ? What force was united with this ?
IT. Give the result of this war. Give an account of the butchery at Fort Loudon.
12. Were the Carolinians engaged in any other war previous to the Revolution ?
CHAPTER XV.
TROUBLE WITH PIRATES.
1. The colonists had other enemies to contend with besides the Spaniards an? the native Indian tribes. The disputes and contentious with the proprietors embarrassed them for a
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HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
long time. The Indians and the Spaniards troubled theni greatly for nearly a hundred years, And the pirates, those bold rovers of the sea, without home and without country. presed upon their commerce and their coasts, or levied black mail upon them. that is, made them pay largely to keep from being plundered. There were. however, somo intervals of peace in which they had rest from all theso enemies.
2. The wars that raged in the latter part of the 17th and the beginning of the 1Sth century made lamentable inroads on public morals, and filled the American seas with privateers. many of whom. after the wars closed, became pirates. These robbers of the sea wore at first received with too much indul- genco in Charlestown from the fact that they spent money very freely amongst the people. And when it was found that it was scarcely possible to punish them at all, the proprietors to gratify tl :: people, grautel an indemnity to all pirates. except such as bad preyed upon the dominions of the Great Mogul.
3. But after awhile, when the cultivation of rice and other valuable products had increased to such an extent. that the people because fully sensible of the benefits and profits of uninterrupted commerce, they then saw clearly the evil effects of that pernicious practice which they had formerly winked at, if not directly encouraged.
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