History of Dakota Territory, volume I, Part 1

Author: Kingsbury, George Washington, 1837-; Smith, George Martin, 1847-1920
Publication date: 1915
Publisher: Chicago, Ill. : S.J. Clarke Publishing Company
Number of Pages: 1198


USA > South Dakota > History of Dakota Territory, volume I > Part 1


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GEN


ATTENTION:


BAR CODE IS LOCATED INSIDE OF BOOK


ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01066 7019


GENEALOGY 978.3 K61H V. 1


37.50 5 vous.



HON. GEORGE W. KINGSBURY


HISTORY OF DAKOTA TERRITORY BY GEORGE W. KINGSBURY


SOUTH DAKOTA


ITS HISTORY AND ITS PEOPLE


EDITED BY GEORGE MARTIN SMITH, B.A., A.M.


ILLUSTRATED


VOLUME I


CHICAGO THE S. J. CLARKE PUBLISHING COMPANY 1915


COPYRIGHT 1915 BY THE S. J. CLARKE PUB. CO. CHICAGO


5 m2)


3


عبيد


1151083


TO MY WIFE


Ipdia Alaria (Stone ) Kingsbury


WHO FOR THIRTY-FOUR YEARS SHARED WITH ME THE PLEASURES AND TRIBULATIONS OF THE PIONEER ERA OF DAKOTA, THIS HISTORY OF THE TERRITORY OF DAKOTA IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED BY THE AUTHOR AND COMPILER. SHE IS EVERY WAY WORTHY OF THIS TRIBUTE AND ALL THE PRAISE THEREBY TO BE IMPLIED. SHE WAS A TRUE, NOBLE, KIND AND UNSELFISHI WIFE, MOTHER AND DAUGHTER.


A WHITE GRAVESTONE, IN THE YANKTON CEMETERY, SUITABLY INSCRIBED. MARKS THE PLACE WHERE HER MORTAL BODY WAS LAID TO REST IN FEBRUARY, A. D. 189S.


INTRODUCTION


Regarding the early inhabitants of this country, trustworthy history goes no farther into the past than to the discovery and settlement of the Atlantic region by the Europeans. Conjectures have been formed from the traditions of the Indians, and from relics discovered in ancient mounds and earthworks taken in connection with the course of events narrated in sacred and profane history, that lead to the belief that this country was peopled at a very early period by colonies from Eastern Asia.


Missionaries who met the Dahkotah Indians late in the Sixteenth Century, found them in the country between the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, bordering the Great Lakes, and at war with the Algonquins, and relate that they had a tradition that their ancestors came from the North across a great water, being driven in war from their native country. From this tradition and other similar evidence, it was inferred that their progenitors were once inhabitants of China and Tartary, and from thence found their way to the islands of the Northern Pacific Ocean and thence to the American continent. This theory is rendered plausible by the similarity of language as well as by the physical resemblance of the two peoples. The word slave in Chinese is called "shunko:" and in the Dakota tongue, dog is pronounced "shunka." The theory is that this emigration at first was made up of a civilized people, not as advanced as the civilization of the present day, but possessing and practicing many of the arts of a civilized race-that centuries later these were followed by a people of a fierce and warlike nature, though probably of the same racial family, who were far more numerous than the first immigrants, whom they treated as enemies and drove them from their homes into the more southern climes of Mexico and Central America. It is claimed that Tartary, from whence these immigrants mainly came, had at one time been well advanced in civilization, which would seem to be probable of all the aboriginal peoples of Asia.


In further confirmation of this theory is the old Indian tradition that when the Indian tribes of the Mississippi Valley migrated across the Alleghenies and descended the Atlantic Slope, they found a wilderness abounding in game and fish and wild fruits and flowers, but not inhabited by human beings-and that the Indian nation found there by the early European discoverers were the de- scendants of those who had migrated from the West.


Accepting with confidence the biblical account of the nativity of the human race and other events connected with the primitive history of mankind, we are led to believe, as the most rational theory, that the Western Hemisphere was first peopled by emigrants from Asia. who were descended from an ancestry that possessed much of what we know of civilization, and who believed in God. whom they designated as the Great Spirit, who possessed the power and the will to punish or reward them according as their deeds might merit. Their faith in


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INTRODUCTION


a future life is attested by their funeral rites and burial customs. Accepting this theory as best explaining the origin of the first inhabitants of this continent, we must conclude that the western portion of North America was inhabited by human beings some time before the peopling of the eastern portion and the Atlantic Slope.


With regard to the primitive tribes of Southern Dakota, Charlevoix relates that nearly two centuries ago, the Iowas, Omahas, and Ottoes, were in possession of Southern Dakota, and roamed and warred through the regions watered by the Des Moines, Big Sioux, and James, and that these tribes annually assembled in peace around their council fires at the great Red Pipestone Quarry. From here they were gradually driven south and west by the great nation of Dakotas moving down from the north.


The period of this great retrocession of Indian nations, Hennepin informs us, was some time before the Eleventh Century, or over nine hundred years ago. Up to that era the Dakotas had remained as one nation, governed by one tongue, and were called by the French ( Nadoues-sioux, meaning enemy), from the latter termination of which word is derived the word "Sioux." But during the great war and flight from the north, they had become disbanded and scattered into separate war parties, and in order to be distinguished from other tribes of the plain they called themselves Lakotahs, meaning the "friend-born" or friendly people. Since that period both history and tradition agree in placing the Dakotas as sovereigns of the vast region of country between the Mississippi and the mountains, and embracing the territory of Dakota.


CONTENTS


CHAPTER I LOUISIANA-HOW NAMED AND ITS CESSION TO THE UNITED STATES


TIIE TERRITORY OF LOUISIANA-ITS DISCOVERY BY LASALLE-ITS BOUNDARIES- ITS PURCHASE BY THE UNITED STATES-INCIDENTS LEADING TO TIIE TREATY I OF CESSION


CHAPTER II LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION


TIIOMAS JEFFERSON'S EFFORTS TO SECURE THE EXPLORATION OF THE MISSOURI VALLEY-FIRST EXPLORATION PLANNED FROM EASTERN RUSSIA-SECOND AT- TEMPT THWARTED BY THE FRENCH-THIRD EFFORT UNDER LEWIS AND CLARK SUCCESSFUL - JEFFERSON'S MESSAGE URGING AN EXPEDITION - CONGRESS FAVORS-LEWIS AND CLARK ON TIJE WAY-ENTER TILE FUTURE DAKOTA, AUGUST 21, 1804-MINERAL POISON IN THE WATER-ELK AND BUFFALO-THE VERMILLION VALLEY AND SPIRIT MOUND 7


CHAPTER III LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION (Continued)


AT TIIE MOUTH OF JAMES RIVER-YANKTON INDIANS SEND FRIENDLY GREET- INGS-AT TIIE FUTURE CAPITAL OF DAKOTA-FOUR DAYS COUNCIL WITH THE YANKTONS-AMERICAN FLAG UNFURLED-ADMIRABLE SPEECHES-A NEVER- SURRENDER INDIAN BAND-STRIKE-THE-REE THE FIRST-CENSUS-CALUMET BLUFF-FORTIFICATIONS AT BON HOMME ISLAND IN RUINS-PRINCE MADOC AND THIE MANDAN INDIANS 12


CIIAPTER IV LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION (Continued)


DEPART FROM BON HOMME ISLAND-PRAIRIE DOG VILLAGE-FLANNEL SHIRTS DIS- TRIBUTED TO THE MEN-A SINKING SANDBAR-LOISEL'S FORT-TETON INDIANS -INDIANS NOT FRIENDLY-MAKE EFFORTS TO DETAIN EXPLORERS-PLAIN TALK FROM CAPTAIN CLARK-DOG FEAST-TETON CUSTOMS, APPAREL, NATIVE WOMEN -OFFICER OF THE DAY-AGAIN UNDER WAY AGAINST DETERMINED OPPOSI- TION 23


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CHAPTER V LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION (Concluded)


CHEYENNE RIVER ; HOW NAMED-MEET A WHITE TRADER-THE BLACK MOUN- TAINS-CHEYENNE INDIANS-FRENCHMAN TAKES PASSAGE-AN ARICKARA VILLAGE-MR. GRAVELINES-THIE NEGRO, YORK, ATTRACTS ADMIRATION-IN- DIANS DO NOT WIJIP CHILDREN-CAPTURING GOATS-INDIANS NUMEROUS- ENTER MANDAN COUNTRY-MR. MCCRACKEN-THE MINATAREES-SEARCH FOR WINTER QUARTERS-A PRAIRIE FIRE, AND AN INDIAN MOTHER'S PRESENCE OF MIND-WINTER CAMP LOCATED-FORT MANDAN-WINTER EMPLOYMENTS. P.AS- TIMES, VISITORS-LEWIS AND CLARK'S CAMPS. 29


CHAPTER VI THE FUR TRADE


FUR TRADE THE PIONEER INDUSTRY OF NORTH AMERICA-JOHN JACOB ASTOR AND IHIS ENTERPRISES-THE CHOTEAUS, LISA AND OTHERS-FORT PIERRE CHIOTEAU -ASTOR EXPEDITIONS BY LAND AND SEA-WASHINGTON HUNT'S PERILOUS AND TRAGIC JOURNEY-THIE WAR OF 1812-ASTOR SELLS TO CHOTEAU. ... . 39


CHAPTER VII THE FUR TRADE AND THE FIRST STEAMBOAT


FORT PIERRE CHIOTEAU-FORT VERMILLION AND BENTON-INTRODUCING THE STEAMBOAT, A MACKINAW BOAT; AND THE FIRST STEAMBOAT ON TJIE UPPER MISSOURI-MAGNITUDE OF THE FUR TRADE-THE TRADERS. . 45


CHAPTER VIII INDIAN WAR-BRITISH TRADERS STIR UP TROUBLE


FIRST BATTLE ON DAKOTA SOIL BETWEEN L'NITED STATES TROOPS AND INDIANS- HOW IT HAPPENED-COLONEL LEAVENWORTH CHIASTISES THE ARICKAREES- THE YANKTON INDIANS AJD GOVERNMENT FORCES-MISCHIEVOUS INFLUENCE OF BRITISH TRADERS-AMERICAN OFFICERS CRITICISE THIE INGRATE FOREIGNERS -FIRST INDIAN PEACE COMMISSION 53


CHAPTER IX FIRST WHITE OCCUPATION OF DAKOTA-CAPTAIN TODD


BEGINNING OF WHITE OCCUPATION OF DAKOTA-SIOUX WAR OF 1855-HARNEY'S MILITARY EXPEDITION AND MARCH TO THE MISSOURI-FORT PIERRE PURCHASED -ITS FIRST GARRISON BY STEAMBOATS-ILARNEY'S DISAPPOINTMENT AND IN- DIGNATION-POST NOT SUITED FOR MILITARY PURPOSES-FORT RANDALL LOCATED-FORT CONSTRUCTED-FORT PIERRE ABANDONED-ROSTER OF HAR- NEY'S FORCES-CAPTAIN TODD 60


CHAPTER X GEOLOGICAL DAKOTA-FIRST LAND SURVEYS


GEOLOGICAL-SIOUX FALLS ROCK-THE RED PIPESTONE-THE MISSOURI RIVER AND OTHER WATER COURSES-FIRST GOVERNMENT SURVEYS-ORIGIN OF THE UNITED STATES SYSTEM OF SURVEYS-PRE-EMPTIONS. HOMESTEADS, AND TIMBER CUL- TURE CLAIMS-PUBLIC LANDS-PRINCIPAL RIVERS AND LAKES . . 68


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CHAPTER XI EARLIEST WHITE SETTLEMENTS


RED RIVER OF THE NORTII- SIOUX FALLS AND MEDARY-PEASE AND HAMILTON SETTLEMENTS-YANKTON, VERMILLION, AND BONHOMME-BIG SIOUX POINT -MIXVILLE-ELK POINT .. 79


CHAPTER XII RED RIVER OF THE NORTH COUNTRY


RED RIVER OF TIIE NORTH ; EARLIEST OF DAKOTA SETTLEMENTS-HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY AND NORTHWEST FUR COMPANY PEOPLE AND THEIR DESCENDANTS FIRST INHABITANTS-PEMMICAN GAVE NAME TO PEMBINA-VERENDRYE, A CANADIAN, EARLY EXPLORER-LORD SELKIRK FAMOUS PIONEER-NORTHWEST FUR COMPANY-FORT DOUGLASS-DEVELOPMENT OF FUR INDUSTRY-RED RIVER HALF-BREEDS-FOUNDING OF PEMBINA-MAJOR LONG AND THE INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY-EARLY AMERICAN SETTLERS-THE CHIPPEWA TREATY-FORT ABER- CROMBIE-STEAMBOATING ON THE RED RIVER-PUBLIC LAND SURVEYS- BOUNDARY LINE CORRECTED BY ARMSTRONG-RED RIVER ELECTIONS-ILALF- BREEDS A HAPPY PEOPLE-RED RIVER COUNTIES-TODD AND JAYNES CONTEST FOR DELEGATE-REPEAL OF LEGISLATIVE APPORTIONMENT-NEW BOUNDARIES 81 FOR PEMBINA COUNTY


CHAPTER XIII SIOUX FALLS AND BIG SIOUX VALLEY


SIOUX FALLS, MEDARY AND FLANDREAU-EARLIEST SETTLEMENTS-DURU'QUE AND ST. PAUL COMPANIES LOCATE TOWNSITES IN 1856-57-DRIVEN OFF BY YANK- TONNAIS INDIANS; RETURN WITH REINFORCEMENTS AND A SAWMILL AND MAKE SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENTS-TWO TOWNSITES TAKEN AT THE FALLS- PROMOTERS DESIGN TO ORGANIZE NEW TERRITORY AND MAKE SIOUX FALLS THE CAPITAL-HOLD ELECTION-LARGE VOTE POLLED-J. P. KIDDER ELECTED DELE- GATE TO CONGRESS-PROVISIONAL TERRITORIAL, GOVERNMENT SET UP-LEGIS- LATURE CONVENES AND PASSES MEMORIAL-DELEGATE KIDDER REFUSED A SEAT AS DELEGATE-DAKOTA DEMOCRAT PUBLISHED-INDIANS CONTINUE HOSTILE- MEDARY EVACUATED-SIOUX FALLS PREPARES FOR DEFENSE-JUDGE FL .. IN- DREAU'S LETTER AND MR. ALLBRIGHIT'S STATEMENT-W. W. BROOKINGS MAKES A STATEMENT-DAKOTA CAVALRY MEET AND DEFEAT THE HOSTILE INDIANS IN THEIR FIRST BATTLE-GOVERNOR ORDERS EVACUATION OF THE FALLS SETTLE- MENT-THE OCCUPATION OF THE COUNTRY A PREMATURE ENTERPRISE. ... 07


CHLAPTER XIV FIRST WHITE SETTLEMENT ON THE MISSOURI SLOPE IN DAKOTA


HOME OF THE YANKTON INDIANS-STRIKE-THE-REE-WILLIAM PENN LYMAN FIRST WHITE SETTLER-FROST, TODD & COMPANY, THE INDIAN TRADERS-FIRST JAMES RIVER SETTLEMENT-UPPER MISSOURI LAND COMPANY-DELEGATION TO WASH - INGTON TO MAKE TREATY-HOLMAN. TRESPASSING SETTLER. HUH.DS FIRST CABIN-IMPROVEMENTS DESTROYED BY INDIANS AND SOLDIERS GEORGE D. FISKE-THE TREATY EMBASSY SUCCESSFUL THE PICOTTE TRACT-FROST, TODD & COMPANY, TOWNSITE PROPRIETORS-TRADING POST BUILT BY FROST, TODD & COMPANY THE BONHOMME SETTLEMENT-THE FIRST TRADING POST-MAJOR DOLLARD'S RESEARCHES-FOIIN IL, SHOBER PERSONAL. RECOLLECTIONS OF GEORGE T. ROUNDS-THE EARLY SETTLERS-FIRST SCHOOLHOUSE. 115


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CHAPTER XV FIRST WHITE SETTLEMENT ON THE MISSOURI SLOPE IN DAKOTA (Continued)


TIIE VERMILLION VALLEY-SPIRIT MOUND-FORT VERMILLION-A MORMON COLONY -DICKSON'S POST-ALECK C'S POINT-KENNERLY AND VAN METER ESTABLISII A FERRY- FIRST SETTLERS AT VERMILLION-IMPROVEMENT-FIRST LUTHERAN RELIGIOUS AND EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION-FIRST SCHOOL-FIRST SUNDAY SCHOOL-TIIE DAKOTA REPUBLICAN-FIRST TERM OF COURT-TEXT OF TIIE . 126 YANKTON TREATY


CHAPTER XVI FIRST WHITE SETTLEMENTS ON THE MISSOURI SLOPE IN DAKOTA (Concluded)


THE UPPER MISSOURI LAND COMPANY TOWNSITES- A NATION WIDE PERIOD OF REAL ESTATE SPECULATION-PRAIRIE FIRE CAUSES FIRST DEATII-CHALK ROCK USED FOR PLASTERING-MOSES K. ARMSTRONG, A NEW ARRIVAL-INDIANS IN THEIR DOMESTIC RELATIONS-INFLUENCE OF THE WIIITE INTERMARRIAGE CUSTOM-ARMSTRONG AND THOMPSON IN PRAIRIE FIRE-POPULATION OF YANK- TON VALLEY AND JAMES RIVER-JOIIN STANAGE AND FAMILY PIONEER FARMERS OF JAMES RIVER-HENRY CLAY ASHI THE FIRST HOTEL KEEPER-GEORGE D. FISKE, FIRST BLIZZARD VICTIM-ELK POINT AND EARLY PIONEERS-THE CANA- DIAN FRENCHI COLONY-ON THIE WESTERN BORDER-SETTLERS OPPOSITE FORT RANDALL-BIJOU AND BIJOU HILLS-THE PEASE AND HAMILTON SETTLEMENTS -LAKE ANDES, WEST OF TIIE MISSOURI-FORT RANDALL AND THE PONCA RESER- VATION-MIXVILLE, TIIE SETTLEMENT AND ITS PIONEERS-TODD COUNTY ; PAR- TIALLY ABSORBED BY NEBRASKA. 144


CHAPTER XVII THE ORGANIC ACT 1858-61


DAKOTA A PART OF MINNESOTA-DAKOTA'S SITUATION ; DIMENSIONS; BOUNDARIES; AND TOPOGRAPHICAL FEATURES-HEALTHFUL WATERS; SALUBRIOUS CLIMATE -GOLD DISCOVERIES IN THE FAR NORTHWEST-WINTER OF 1859-60-PIONEERS ANXIOUSLY AWAIT ORGANIZATION-FIRST SCANDINAVIAN IMMIGRATION-SET- TLEMENTS WITHOUT A LEGAL GOVERNMENT- EFFORTS TO SECURE A TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION-MASS MEETINGS AT YANKTON AND VERMILLION-COL. D. M. FROST-GOLD IN MONTANA-QUIET WINTER-CATFISHI-GOLD FROM THE HEAD- WATERS OF THE MISSOURI-ORGANIC ACT FOR DAKOTA TERRITORY-THE NAME 162 "DAKOTA"


CHAPTER XVIII ORGANIZATION OF THE TERRITORIAL GOVERNMENT- FIRST ELECTION 1861


FIRST DAKOTA OFFICIALS-FIRST NEWSPAPER-GOVERNOR CAUSES CENSUS TO BE TAKEN-WHITE AND RED POPULATION-FEDERAL OFFICIALS RENDEZVOUS AT YANKTON-GOVERNOR JAYNE CALLS ELECTION AND ASSIGNS JUDGES-FIRST


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POLITICAL CONVENTION AND FIRST ELECTION-TIIE VOTE BY PRECINCTS-LEGIS- LATURE CHOSEN AND CAPTAIN TODD ELECTED TO CONGRESS-PERSONAL SKETCHES OF FIRST OFFICIALS


.... 175


CHAPER XIX DAKOTA IN THE CIVIL AND INDIAN WARS I86I


BEGINNING OF THE CIVIL WAR-FORT SUMTER BESIEGED AND CAPTURED BY THE SECESSIONISTS-FIRST CALL FOR VOLUNTEERS-POSITION OF MONARCHICAL GOV- ERNMENTS-UNION SETTLEMENT AMONG THIE PIONEERS-DAKOTA CAVALRY AUTHORIZED-COMPANY A RECRUITED AND MUSTERED IN-THE MUSTER ROLI .- COMPANY STATIONED TO PROTECT SETTLEMENTS-DR. W. A. BURLEIGH, INDIAN AGENT-HIS EARLY EXPERIENCES .190


CHAPTER XX THE FIRST LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY 1862


FIRST LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY CONVENES-ITS ORGANIZATION-LOCATION OF CAPI- TAL THE MAIN ISSUE-NAMES OF MEMBERS AND OFFICERS-GOVERNOR'S FIRST MESSAGE-REMARKABLE FORETELLING OF DAKOTA'S CAREER. 195


CHAPTER XXI THE FIRST LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY (Continued)


LEGISLATURE CONTINUED-GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE WELL RECEIVED-THE CHIPPEWA INDIANS AND RED RIVER-JAMES M FETRIDGE FROM PEMBINA -- LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEES-THE CAPITAL CONTEST- YANKTON SECURES THE PRIZE-SPEAKER PINNEY RESIGNS; TIERNON SUCCEEDS HIM-SOLDIERS IN THE HOUSE; GREAT INDIGNATION-AN UNPLEASANT EPISODE-BRIEF BIOGRAPHIES OF FIRST MEM- BERS AND OFFICERS-MISSOURI RIVER OVERFLOW-OLD SETTLERS IHISTORICAL ASSOCIATION - EPISCOPAL MISSION ESTABLISHED REV. MELANCTIION BY


. 205 HOYT


CHAPTER XXII THE FIRST ELECTION UNDER TERRITORIAL LAW 1862


UNITED STATES LAND OFFICE-THE POLITICAL CAMPAIGN-REPUBLICANS DIVIDED- GENERAL TODD VS. GOVERNOR JAYNE, THE ISSUE-FIRST REPUBLICAN AND UNION CONVENTION CALL-PROCEEDINGS OF THE COUNTY AND TERRITORIAL CONVEN- TIONS-GOVERNOR JAYNE NOMINATED FOR DELEGATE TO CONGRESS GENERAL TODD NOMINATED BY PEOPLE'S CONVENTION-COUNTY CONVENTIONS AND COUNTY OFFICERS NOMINATED-FIRST ELECTION-GOVERNOR APPOINTED-FIRST COUNTY OFFICERS-VOTERS WITH GUNS ON THEIR SHOULDERS-MIDNIGHT VOTING-BALLOT BOX STUFFING-FRAUD IN NEARLY ONE-HALF THE PRECINCTS -JAYNE AWARDED CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION-RED RIVER RETURNS NOT RECEIVED- TODD GIVES NOTICE OF CONTEST-WHY RED RIVER RETURNS WERF NOT SENT FOR . . 210


CONTENTS


CHAPTER XXIII THE GREAT INDIAN WAR 1862


BEGINNING OF THE GREAT INDIAN WAR-THE OUTBREAK IN MINNESOTA-CAUSES OF THE REVOLT-THE LITTLE CROW MASSACRE-HOSTILE INDIANS DRIVEN INTO DAKOTA BY MINNESOTA TROOPS-GOVERNOR CALLS OUT MILITIA: MILITIA RE- SPONDS-DEFENSIVE WORKS HASTILY CONSTRUCTED AT YANKTON-INDIAN'S DRIVE SETTLERS FROM THE TERRITORY-YANKTON ONLY OCCUPIED SETTLEMENT -SKETCH OF PICOTTE-CAPTIVE WOMEN AND CHILDREN RESCUED. . 233


CHAPTER XXIV THE GREAT INDIAN WAR (Continued)


IIOSTILE INDIANS IN FORCE PREPARED TO ATTACK YANKTON-DISSUAADED BY THIE PREPARATIONS OF THE SETTLERS-MANY SETTLERS ABANDONED THE TERRITORY- YANKTON INDIANS MUSTERED IN-WASHINGTON REED-A FALSE ALARM- APPEAL FOR TROOPS-GOVERNMENT SOLDIERS ALL DOWN SOUTHI-SECOND CALL. FOR MILITIA-HOW THE YANKTON TRIBE WAS KEPT FRIENDLY-SKETCII OF PICOTTE-CAPTIVE WOMEN AND CHILDREN RANSOMED THE FIRST TERRITORIAL CAPITAL BUILDING-SAMUEL LATTA, AGENT, DISTRIBUTING INDIAN GOODS FROM STEAMBOATS-BEAR'S RIBS SLAIN AT FORT PIERRE. .245


CHAPTER XXV THE SECOND SESSION OF THE LEGISLATURE 1862-63


SECOND SESSION OF THE LEGISLATURE-THIE HOUSE DIVIDES-ELECTION FRAUDS INVESTIGATED-TWO LOWER HOUSES IN SESSION-BRULE CREEK INVESTIGATED -- JAYNE'S SECOND MESSAGE-GREAT SEAL OF SUPREME COURT-BIOGRAPIIIES RED RIVER MEMBERS-THE ELECTION FRAUDS. .258


CHAPTER XXVI THE INDIAN CAMPAIGN OF 1863-SIBLEY


INDIAN CAMPAIGN OF 1863, PLANNED BY MAJOR-GENERAL POPE-GENERAL SIBLEY, WITH MINNESOTA TROOPS, CROSSES CENTRAL DAKOTA PLAINS-GENERAL SULLY MAARCHES UP THE MISSOURI VALLEY-SIBLEY'S FORCES, EQUIPMENT AND DIFFI- CULTIES-A DRY SEASON-SIBLEY DEFEATS HOSTILES IN THREE BATTLES ; INDIANS DRIVEN WEST OF THE MISSOURI RIVER- IIIS RETURN MARCH-OFFICIAL. REPORT-ERRONEOUS OPINION OF NORTHERN PART OF THE TERRITORY-INDIANS KILL AN INDIAN-TREATY BETWEEN YANKTONS AND PONCAS. 276


CHLAPTER XXVH GENERAL, SULLY'S CAMPAIGN=BATTLE OF WHITE STONE IHILLS 1863


GENERAL ALFRED SULLY-HIS MILITARY CAREER-GENERAL COOK HAD MADE PREP.\- RATION FOR THE CAMPAIGN - SULLY'S FORCES-LOW WATER AND SLOW STEAM- BOATS HINDER-PROTECTION FOR THE SETTLEMENTS-ADVANCE TOO LATE TO CO-OPERATE WITH SIBLEY ; BUT HE FINDS HOSTILES-BATTLE OF WHITE STONE HILLS-HOSTILES ROUTED AND WINTER SUPPLIES CAPTURED-THE RETURN


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MARCH-ONE HUNDRED PRISONERS-FIRST FORT SULLY BUILT- TROOPS ST.1- TIONED FOR WINTER-IIOSTILE TRIBES AND THEIR NUMBERS-SULLY'S OFFICIAL. REPORT 287


CHAPTER XXVIII MINNESOTA INDIANS REMOVED TO DAKOT.I 1863


FRIENDLY INDIANS FORCED TO LEAVE MINNESOT.1-SANTEES AND WINNEBAGOES REMOVED TO CROW CREEK, DAKOTA-FORT THOMPSON BUILT-TIHIRTY-EIGHT SANTEES ON THE SCAFFOLD-CAUSES OF THE INDIAN WAR-ENCOURAGED BV THE CONFLICT BETWEEN THE NORTIL AND SOUTH-INDIANS NATURALLY UNFRIENDLY TO WHITE RACE-DEATH OF LITTLE CROW-THE WEISMANN MAS- SACRE-DIRT LODGES ON JAMES RIVER-HEART RIVER TRAGEDY-JACOBSON KILLED AT JAMES RIVER FERRY-APPOINTMENTS-PROCLAMATION BY ACTING GOVERNOR-NEWTON EDMUNDS APPOINTED GOVERNOR OF DAKOT.I. .. .299


CHAPTER XXIX POLITICS AND PROCLAMATIONS 1863


POLITICIANS DISTURBED-REPUBLICAN PARTY DIVIDED-JUDGE BLISS AND DR. W. . 1. BURLEIGH, LEADERS OF THE RESPECTIVE FACTIONS-VERY SLIGHT ATTENTION GIVEN TO THE LEGISLATIVE ELECTION OF 1863-REPUBLICAN AND UNION CON- VENTION TO ELECT DELEGATES TO THE NATIONAL CONVENTION OF 1864-FIRST TERMS OF COURT IN SECOND DISTRICT-THANKSGIVING-PROCLAMATIONS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN AND GOVERNOR EDMUNDS. .314


CHAPTER XXX THE THIRD SESSION OF THE LEGISLATURE 1863-64


TIIE THIRD SESSION OF THE LEGISLATURE, 1863-64-CONTESTED SEATS GROWING OUT OF THE FRAUDS OF 1862-FIRST MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR EDMUNDS-THE CIVIL. WAR-THE INDIAN CAMPAIGN CRITICIZED -- THE ROUTE TO IDAHO-PROMOTING IMMIGRATION-NORTII BRANCHI OF THE PACIFIC RAILROAD -THE PUBLIC DOMAIN-MILITARY PROTECTION FOR THE SETTLEMENTS-RED RIVER LEGISLA- TIVE APPORTIONMENT REPEALED AUDITOR'S REPORT ON MILITIA EXPENSES OF 1862 .321


CHAPTER XXXI IMMIGRATION FROM NEW YORK 1801


1804. IMMIGRATION-HARD TASK OF THE PIONEER FARMER-GENERAL HILL. 1 FRIEND OF DAKOTA THE NEW YORK COLONY VISITED AND ADDRESSED BY GEN- ERAAL HILL AND DOCTOR BURLEIGH ITS ORGANIZATION-SETTLES IN DAKOT :- ITS MEMBERSHIP AND WHERE THEY LOCATED-DAKOTA'S RIVALS IN THE IMMI- GRATION FIELD-BEGINNING OF EMIGRATION TO THE SALMON RIVER GOLD FIELDS -- THE MISSOURI RIVER ROUTE-A ST. LOUIS COMPANY OF CAPITALISTS. . . . . 331


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CHAPTER XXXII THE GRASSHOPPER PLAGUE 1864


GRASSHOPPERS-INDIANS AND INSECTS FOE TO IMMIGRATION-A GRASSHOPPER RAID -GENERAL SULLY'S GRASSHOPPER EXPERIENCE-NATIONAL GOVERNMENT INVES- TIGATES-OFF YEARS-HOW THE FARMER FOUGHT THEM-LIEUTENANT WAR- REN'S STATEMENT-EIGHT HUNDRED AND FORTY-NINE WINNEBAGOES SENT TO NEBRASKA-THE OLD SETTLERS HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION, AND THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF DAKOT.1 342


CHAPTER XXXIII GENERAL SULLY'S SECOND CAMPAIGN 1864


GENERAL SULLY'S SECOND CAMPAIGN-WEST OF TIIE MISSOURI RIVER-IIIS ARMY- DEATH OF FIELDING-THE KILLING OF HIS SLAYERS-FORT RICE BUILT-MARCH THROUGH THE BAD LANDS-A TIIREE DAYS' BATTLE-DAKOTA CAVALRY IN PER- ILOUS POSITION-RETURN OF THE EXPEDITION-GOVERNOR EDMUNDS ORDERS THE ORGANIZATION OF THE MILITIA-TROOPS STATIONED FOR THE WINTER-ALL DAY BATTLE AT FORT RICE-MASSACRE NEAR FORT PIIIL KEARNEY-SULLY'S OFFICIAL


REPORTS 353


CHAPTER XXXIV THE ELECTION OF 1864


ELECTION IN 1861-DIVISION IN THIE REPUBLICAN LEADERSHIP-BURLEIGH AND BLISS FACTIONS-TWO REPUBLICAN CONVENTIONS-BLISS RELIES ON DEMOCRATIC SUPPORT, BUT GENERAL TODD DECIDES TO RUN-BLISS AND BURLEIGH COMPROMISE AND THE JUDGE LEAVES THE TERRITORY-BURLEIGHI ELECTED ; TODD GIVES NOTICE OF CONTEST-LEGISLATIVE INVESTIGATION-CONTEST WITHDRAWN. 368


CHAPTER XXXV


THE FOURTH SESSION OF THE LEGISLATURE 1864-65


ITS MEMBERSHIP-SKETCH OF NEW MEMBERS-A HARMONIOUS SESSION-TIIE GOV- ERNOR'S MESSAGE-REPORT OF THE TERRITORIAL SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS- TERRITORIAL AUDITOR'S REPORT, INCLUDING REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER TO AUDIT THE MILITIA ACCOUNTS-GENERAL TODD'S GROUNDS OF CONTEST. .. .380


CHAPTER XXXVI THE ASSASSINATION OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN 1865


LINCOLN'S INAUGURAL ADDRESS-ASSASSINATION OF THE PRESIDENT-THE NATION GRIEF STRICKEN-MEMORIAL EXERCISES IN DAKOTA-PRESIDENT JOHNSON'S PROCLAMATION-FEDERAL APPOINTMENTS-MUSTERING OUT-GENERAL SULLY CONGRATULATES DAKOTA CAVALRY-COUNTY GOVERNMENT INAUGURATED-HIGH PRICES TIIE RULE 397


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CHAPTER XXXVII PEACE TREATIES WITH HOSTILE INDIANS I865


GOVERNMENT WAGON ROADS IN DAKOTA-BIG SIOUX, VERMILLION AND JAMES RIVER BRIDGES-OVERLAND TO MONTANA VIA THE MISSOURI RIVER-RIVAL ROUTES CREATE COMPETITION-CIVIL AND MILITARY AUTHORITIES MILDLY CLASHI- PEACE TREATIES WITH THE HOSTILE INDIANS-STEAMBOAT TRAFFIC-FORTS DAKOTA AND JAMES CONSTRUCTED THE ANNUAL ELECTION-THIE 50THI WISCONSIN INFANTRY TO FORT RICE-AN ALL DAY BATTLE AT FORT RICE- INDIANS KILL LA MOURE ON BRULE CREEK-WATSON'S STORY-SEAL OF THE SUPREME COURT-ARA BARTLETT JEFFERSON P. KIDDER AND APPOINTED U. S. JUDGES


.404


CHAPTER XXXVIII THE FIFTH SESSION OF THE LEGISLATURE 1865-66


THIE FIFTH SESSION OF THE LEGISLATURE-GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE-THIE EXEMPTION LAW-PUBLIC LANDS IN MARKET-THE LEGISLATURE SOUNDED-LEGISLATIVE DIVORCES-THE WAGON ROAD INQUIRY-SUPERINTENDENT MOODY REPORTS- MOODY SUPERSEDED-TERRITORIAL BONDS-VARIOUS LEGISLATIVE ENACTMENTS- GEORGE II. HAND-THIE TIMBER SUPPLY .421


CHAPTER XXXIX POLITICS-BLIZZARDS-INDIANS HOSTILE 1866


A POLITICAL YEAR-PRESIDENT JOHNSON AND CONGRESS IN EMBROILMENT-NEW NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTY-DEMOCRATS CAPTURE REPUBLICAN ORGANIZATION IN DAKOTA-THE DELEGATE CAMPAIGN-DOCTOR BURLEIGH NOMINATED BY THE JOIINSON CONVENTION-NEW REPUBLICAN PARTY ORGANIZED-BROOKINGS NOM- INATED FOR DELEGATE-BURLEIGH ELECTED-MASSACRE AT FORT PHIL KEARNEY -INDIAN ACCOUNT OF THE TRAGEDY-BLIZZARDS IN 1866-COLONEL MOODY AND SECRETARY SPINK HAVE AN EXPERIENCE-LYNCHING OF HOGAN AT VERMILLION -THE MISSOURI BOTTOMS SUBMERGED FOR SIX WEEKS BY THE SPRING FLOOD- IMMIGRATION ; THIE MINNESOTA COLONY-DAKOTA BAR ORGANIZED-ANDREW J. FAULK APPOINTED GOVERNOR-A THANKSGIVING PROCLAMATION. .. 433


CHAPTER XL THE SIXTH SESSION OF THE LEGISLATURE 1866-67


SIXTHI SESSION OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY-GENERAL TODD ELECTED SPEAKER- JOHNSON PARTY IN CONTROL-GOVERNOR FAULK'S FIRST MESSAGE-SUGGESTS EFFORTS TO INDUCE IMMIGRATION-GOVERNMENT WAGON ROADS-FORT JAMES ABANDONED AND RE-GARRISONED-LOCATION OF THE SANTEE INDIANS A MENACE -PUBLIC LANDS IN MARKET-PROGRESS OF RAILROADS TOWARDS DAKOT.1-RE PORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION JAMES S. FOSTER CONDITION OF THE COMMON SCHOOLS-PER CAPITA TAX COLLECTED-COUNTIES OF PEMBINA AND LARAMIE DEFINED-NEGRO SUFFRAGE BILL PASSED-CONGRESS PROHIBITS SPECIAL, LEGISLATION-SEVEN MILITIAA COMPANIES ORGANIZED AND ARMED- PREPARING FOR PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN OF 18OS-REPORT OF TERRITORIAL. TREASURER-ENOS STUTSMAN, THE PIONEER AND LEADER-PREHISTORIC RUINS


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AT FORT THOMPSON-FIRST TEACHERS INSTITUTE-THE BLACK HILLS-THIE DAKOTA REPUBLICAN-ALASKA PURCHASED-CUTTING TIMBER ON GOVERNMENT LAND-AN UNPRODUCTIVE APPROPRIATION FOR A PENITENTIARY. ...... 450




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