History of Dakota Territory, volume I, Part 2

Author: Kingsbury, George Washington, 1837-; Smith, George Martin, 1847-1920
Publication date: 1915
Publisher: Chicago, Ill. : S.J. Clarke Publishing Company
Number of Pages: 1198

USA > South Dakota > History of Dakota Territory, volume I > Part 2

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

CHAPTER XLI THE SEVENTH SESSION OF THE LEGISLATURE 1867-68

LEGISLATURE OF 1867-68-PARTY HONORS QUITE EQUALLY DIVIDED-MESSAGE OF TIIE GOVERNOR-AGRICULTURE THE MOST IMPORTANT OF INDUSTRIES-RAILROADS NEEDED, LAND GRANTS WILL NOT BE DENIED-LARAMIE COUNTY AND THE UNION PACIFIC-WESTERN DAKOTA AND THE INDIAN POLICY-REPORT OF SUPERIN- TENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION-COUNTY SCHOOL AND INDIAN SCHOOL RE- PORTS-TEACHERS' INSTITUTES-GYMNASTICS, SCHOOL BUILDINGS, AND COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS-FOUNDING CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH AND THE CATHOLIC ORGANIZATION-ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S REPORT-AUDITOR AND TREASURER'S RE- PORT-LARAMIE COUNTY-LINCOLN COUNTY ORGANIZED-MINNEHAHA COUNTY REORGANIZED-CARTER COUNTY ( NOW WYOMING) ORGANIZED 465

CHAPTER XLII FIVE CANDIDATES FOR DELEGATE 1868

JOIINSON VERSUS CONGRESS, TIJE ISSUE-GENERAL GRANT NOMINATED BY THE CON- GRESS PARTY-HORATIO SEYMOUR NAMED BY THE DEMOCRATS-TIIE PROCEDURE OF RECONSTRUCTING THE SECEDED STATES-JEFFERSON DAVIS RELEASED ON BAIL -IMPEACHMENT OF PRESIDENT JOHNSON-THE TRIAL AND ACQUITTAL-POLI- TICS IN DAKOTA-FIVE CANDIDATES FOR DELEGATE TO CONGRESS-SOLOMON L. SPINK ELECTED-DEMOCRATS ADOPT THEIR HISTORICAL NAME IN DAKOTA- GRANT AND COLFAX WIN-FIRST DEMOCRATIC NEWSPAPER- GEORGE BROWN A PIONEER STEAMBOAT MAN-BUFFALO DIMINISHING-GEORGE M. PINNEY KILLS EN-GOVERNOR BEALL IN MONTANA-ORIGIN OF DECORATION DAY-A REMARKABLE 488 STORM IN MAY.

CHAPTER XLIII LAST ANNUAL SESSION OF THE LEGISLATURE 1868-69

LEGISLATIVE AASSEMBLY OF 1868-60-INDIANS IN THE BIG SIOUX VALLEY-MESSAGE OF THE GOVERNOR-CONTESTED SEATS-FUTURE SESSIONS TO BE BIENNIAL-THE TERRITORY OF WYOMING-OPENING OF THE BLACK HILLS AGITATED-WOMAN SUFFRAGE DEFEATED-TO ABOLISH THE TERRITORY OF DAKOTA-DECREASE OF BUF- FALO ILAS APPALLING RESULTS ; INDIANS SUFFER FOR FOOD-FRIGIITFUL MORTAL- ITY CAUSED BY PRAIRIE FIRE-PRESIDENT JOHNSON'S AMNESTY PROCLAMATION -DELEGATE BURLEIGH'S FAREWELL SPEECH IN CONGRESS, ASKS JUSTICE FOR THE INDIAN-INDIANS SUFFER FROM PRAIRIE FIRE. 505

CHAPTER XLIN' GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT, PRESIDENT 1869

PRESIDENT GRANT INAUGURATED-IIIS WONDERFUL CAREER-CHANGE IN TERRI- TORIAL OFFICIALS-WYOMING TERRITORY ORGANIZED-THE NEW INDIAN PEACE POLICY-PRESIDENT DISCUSSED INDIAN QUESTION-GENERAL SIIERIDAN STATES

xvii

CONTENTS

THIE MILITARY VIEW-IRISHI REPUBLICANS, JOIN POPE HODNETT -- THE TERRI- TORY IN 1869-INDIAN TREATIES-BRITISH OFFICER SHOT BY SENTINEL ON STEAMBOAT-BOHEMIAN IMMIGRATION-ABUNDANT CROPS-AGRICULTURAL SO- CIETY ORGANIZED-TIIE YEAR 1869-COUNTIES ORGANIZED. 521

CHAPTER XLV DEMOCRATS ELECT DELEGATE TO CONGRESS 1870

THE DECADE BEGINNING WITH 1870-RAILROADS WERE DAKOTA'S PRESSING NEED -REVIEW OF THE PROGRESS OF SETTLEMENT-TERRITORIAL TREASURER'S RE- PORT-TOWNS AND POSTOFFICES-FIRST TELEGRAPHI LINE-FEDERAL CENSUS BY COUNTIES-DAKOTA POLITICIANS AND POLITICAL PARTIES-BURLEIGH SEEKS REPUBLICAN NOMINATION-YANKTON COUNTY THIE BATTLE GROUND TILE REPUBLICAN TERRITORIAL CONVENTION-NAMES OF DELEGATES-A SPLIT- BURLEIGHI AND SPINK BOTIL NOMINATED-DEMOCRATS NAME THEIR FIRST PARTY TICKET-DEMOCRATIC TERRITORIAL CONVENTION-NAMES OF DELEGATES-ARM- STRONG NOMINATED FOR DELEGATE TO CONGRESS AND ELECTED . . 534

CHAPTER XLVI FIRST BI-ENNLAL LEGISLATURE. BURBANK, GOVERNOR 1870

BURLEIGHI'S CONTEST AGAINST ARMSTRONG-SPINK ALSO BECOMES A CONTESTANT- ARMSTRONG SEATED-LAND DISTRICTS ESTABLISHED AT PEMBINA AND SPRING- FIELD BLIZZARD FATALITIES-PUBLIC LANDS- LEGISLATURE IN FIRST BIENNIAL SESSION, NINTII IN NUMBER-GOVERNOR BURBANK'S FIRST MESSAGE-IMPOR- TANT LAWS ENACTED-DISTRICT COURT FOR NORTHERN DAKOTA-IOWA PRISON FOR DAKOTA CONVICTS-BRULE CITY'S CAREER. 552

CHAPTER XLVII

EARLY STEAMBOAT DAYS AND YEARS 1830 and Later

TILE FIRST STEAMBOATS-THE DAYS OF THE MACKINAW-CAPTAIN JOSEPH LABARGE A PIONEER-HOW THE TRANSPORTATION TRAFFIC GREW-PROFIT IN THE BUSI- NESS-THOUSANDS OF RETURNING MINERS-A BAD MAN-BURNING OF THE CHIPPEWA-A BATTLE WITH HOSTILE INDIANS-FIRST TRIPS UP THE YELLOW- STONE-DERIVATION OF THE NAME-MINING PARTIES RETURNING WITH ILALF A MILLION IN GOLD-DESTRUCTION BY FIRE AT ST. LOUIS-FIVE CRAFT FROZEN OUT OF ILARBOR-STEAMBOAT IN A TORNADO-LOG OF THE PENINAHI SHOWING THE NAVIGABILITY OF THE MISSOURI IN THE FALL-LOG OF THE FANCHON DESCRIBING A LATE JOURNEY ON THE YELLOWSTONE-CAPT. JAMES M GARRY TELLS OF THE GRANDEUR OF A MISSOURI VOYAGE-THE DESTRUCTION OF SNAGS- THE MISSOURI ONE OF THE GREAT NAVIGABLE RIVERS OF THE WORLD. . .. . . . 505

CHAPTER XLVIII CHIEF JUSTICE TO NORTHERN DAKOTA 1870-71-72

TIIE SUPREME COURT-CHIEF JUSTICE ASSIGNED TO NORTHERN PART OF THE TERRI- TORY-FIRST SESSION OF COURT AT PEMBINA-DESCRIPTION OF COUNTRY ARREST OF CENTRALIA LIQUOR DEALERS-GENERAL CONDITIONS-ARMSTRONG

CONTENTS

DELEGATE-RIGHTS OF A DELEGATE-EXTRA SESSION OF LEGISLATURE-DIS- TINGUISHED VISITORS TO NORTHIERN DAKOTA- TEXT BOOKS-TIIE INTERNA- TIONAL BOUNDARY LINE-REMARKABLE PRAIRIE FIRES-HANIBAL HAMLIN VISITS THE TERRITORY-INDIAN HOSTILITIES-BELDEN KILLED- GENERAL ITEMS -TURNER COUNTY ORGANIZED-JOHN W. TURNER. 582

CHAPTER XLIX RAILROADS NEEDED TO SETTLE THE TERRITORY 1870

TIIE RAILWAY SITUATION IN 1856 AND LATER-DAKOTA'S EARLY EFFORTS FOR RAIL- WAY LINES-THE UNION PACIFIC AND THE NORTHERN BRANCII- THE MISSOURI & NIOBRARA VALLEY RAILROAD FRANCHISE- THIE COMPANY PERFECTS ITS ORGANIZATION-NEWTON EDMUNDS, PRESIDENT, INTENDED TO BUILD THE NORTHERN BRANCH OF THE UNION PACIFIC-JOHN I. BLAIR GETS THE COVETED FRANCHISE AND BUILDS FROM MISSOURI VALLEY TO SIOUX CITY-URGENT AND INCREASING DEMAND FOR RAILROADS-LEGISLATURE GRANTS A VALUABLE FRAN- CIIISE TO THE DAKOTA AND NORTHWESTERN-COMPANY PERFECTS ITS ORGANI- ZATION AND PROCURES A PRELIMINARY SURVEY-REPORTS OF CHIEF ENGINEER -OTHER RAILROADS BUILDING TOWARD DAKOTA-RAILROAD COMPANIES REFORT TO THE LEGISLATURE-1869 GOOD CROP YEAR-ABUNDANCE OF PRODUCE AND NO MARKET-NEW AND NUMEROUS RAILWAY ORGANIZATIONS-THE DAKOTA CEN- TRAL AND THIE GRAND TRUNK-FAILURE TO OBTAIN LAND GRANTS DEFEATED THE BUILDING OF MANY LINES. 597

CHAPTER L DAKOTA'S FIRST RAILROAD BUILT AT HOME 1871-72

THE DAKOTA SOUTHIERN RAILROAD-ILLINOIS CENTRAL IN F.WOR-EXTRA SESSION OF LEGISLATURE IN 1871 WITHI NAMES OF MEMBERS, AND NEW RAILROAD INCOR- PORATION LAW-LEMARS OBJECTIVE POINT- LEGISLATIVE PROCEEDINGS-GOV- ERNOR'S MESSAGE-EXTRA SESSION AUTHORIZED-LEGISLATURE ADJOURNS- AMAZING CONTRADICTION-THE SPECIAL SESSION "NOT AUTHORIZED"-RE- SOLVED TO HAVE CONGRESS VALIDATE THE LAW- YANKTON COUNTY VOTES $200.000 RAILROAD BONDS-EFFORTS TO SELL THE BONDS FINALLY SUCCESSFUL -COMPANY FINALLY CONTRACTS FOR BUILDING THE LINE-WICKER, MECKLING & CO., CHICAGO, CONTRACTORS-CLAY COUNTY VOTES AGAINST BONDS-ELK POINT GIVES $15,000 616

CHAPTER LI BUILDING THE DAKOTA SOUTHERN 1872-73

CONSTRUCTING THE DAKOTA SOUTHERN RAH.ROAD-LEMARS NO LONGER CONSIDERED -RAILROAD COMPANY PROVIDES FOR BONDING THE ROAD-YANKTON COUNTY OPPOSED TO THIS-BUILDING THE ROAD IN 1872-COMPLETED IN FEBRUARY, 1873 -EXCURSION AND NAMES OF EXCURSIONISTS-UNITED STATES JUDGES BARNES AND SHANNON COME IN-JUDGES FRENCH AND BROOKINGS RETIRED-COURT ISSUES A BOND-RESTRAINING ORDER-DILATORY PROCEEDINGS-THE M'COOK TRAGEDY REFERRED TO JUDGE BARNES GRANTS CHANGE OF VENUE TO CLAY COUNTY-PARTIES THEN AGREE TO AN AMICABLE SETTLEMENT-THE INDICT- MENT AGAINST WINTERMUTH-ACTING GOVERNOR REASSIGNS JUDGES . . . . . . 630

xix

CONTENTS

CHAPTER LII RAILROAD MATTERS SUBJECT OF LONG LAWSUIT 1875

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS TO RESTRAIN COLLECTION OF THE RAILROAD BOND TAX -- JOILN TREADWAY, COMPLAINANT-YANKTON COUNTY DEMURS-COURT REFUSES RE- STRAINING ORDER-YANKTON COUNTY THEN APPEALS TO UNITED STATES SU- PREME COURT WHICH REVERSES THE LATTER DECISION ISSI, AND SUSTAINS THE DISTRICT COURT-YANKTON COUNTY MUST PAY THIE BONDS-TERRITORIAL LEGIS- LATURE OF ISSI ENACTS A SETTLEMENT LAW THAT PROVIDES FOR PARTIAL P.VY- MENT AND IN 1883 ANOTHER LAW IS ENACTED THAT RESULTS IN AN EQUI- TABLE ARRANGEMENT WITH BONDIIOLDERS. oty

CHAPTER LIII NORTHWESTERN AND MILWAUKEE CONTEST FOR CONTROL 1879-80 (Railroads-Concluded)

JOIIN I. BLAIR PURCHASES A CONTROLLING INTEREST IN THE DAKOTA SOUTHERN- PRESIDENT WICKER LEASES TIIE ROAD TO A RIVAL COMPANY, TIIE CHICAGO, MIL- WAUKEE & ST. PAUL-MR. BLAIR TAKES STEPS TO PREVENT TRANSFER OF THE PROPERTY-FINAL SETTLEMENT-MR. BLAIR SELLS TO TIIE MILWAUKEE, AND THIE DAKOTA SOUTHIERN FROM SIOUX CITY TO YANKTON AND TO SIOUX FALLS BECOMES A PART OF THE MILWAUKEE SYSTEM-MILWAUKEE RAILROAD COMPANY IN VIRTUAL CONTROL OF THE TRANSPORTATION INTERESTS OF SOUTIIEASTERN DAKOTA .648

CHAPTER LIV DAKOTA VIEWED FROM THE MISSOURI RIVER-WARM DELEGATE CONTEST 1872

A VOYAGE UP THE MISSOURI RIVER FROM YANKTON TO BISMARCK-INDIANS AND INDIAN AGENTS ALONG THE ROUTE-THE TIMBER CULTURE ACT-WILLIAM WELCH AND OTIIERS VISIT THE SIOUX-NORTIIERN DAKOTA A NEW FACTOR IN POLITICS - PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION - CANDIDATES - TERRITORIAL ELECTION - CONVENTIONS-NAMES OF DELEGATES AND CANDIDATES-TIIE LIBERAL REPUBLI- CAN PARTY-HORACE GREELEY ABANDONS THE REPUBLICAN PARTY-NOMINATED BY THIE LIBERALS AND SUPPORTED BY THE DEMOCRATS-PRESIDENT GRANT RE- NOMINATED-ANTI-GREELEY DEMOCRATS NOMINATE O'CONNOR AND ADAMS- JUDGE BROOKINGS AND COLONEL MOODY RIVAL REPUBLICAN CANDIDATES FOR DELEGATE-ARMSTRONG RENOMINATED BY DEMOCRATS-ARMSTRONG ELECTED- DELEGATES TO NATIONAL CONVENTION-GENERAL BEADLE REPUBLICAN NATIONAL. COMMITTEEMAN-L. D. PARMER DEMOCRATIC COMMITTEEMAN-WIIEAT FLOUR

656

CHAPTER LV THE LEGISLATURE OF 1872-73-DEUEL COUNTY

IRISH IMMIGRATION CONVENTION-DELEGATES ON COMMITTEES IN CONGRESS -- PREPARATIONS FOR THE CENTENNIAL-YANKTON LAND OFFICE-FORT BENNETT BUILT-LEGISLATURE OF 1872-73-DEUEL COUNTY VOTE-PETTIGREW OF MINVI - HAILA-LEGISLATIVE ENACTMENTS-DAKOTA HERALD ESTABLISHED- LAND SUR- VEYS ORTHERN DAKOTA-GENERALS

SITERID.A.N AND HANCOCK VISIT .. 072 DAKOT.1

CONTENTS

CHAPTER LVI THE NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD 1872 and Later

THIE STORY OF THE NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD-PRESIDENT MONROE'S EXPEDI- TION-CONGRESS AUTHORIZES THREE ROUTES SURVEYED-JOSIAH PERHAM, OF MAINE, PATRIARCHI OF TIIE NORTHERN PACIFIC-CONGRESS GRANTS CIIARTER AND LAND IN 1864-JAY COOKE BECOMES FINANCIAL AGENT IN 1869 CON- STRUCTION BEGUN IN MINNESOTA IN 1870-REACHED MOREIIEAD, ON THE RED RIVER OF TIIE NORTH, IN 1872-FIRST TRAIN-THE BRIDGE AT FARGO-LOCOMO- TIVE ENTERS NORTII DAKOTA JUNE 8, 1872-FARGO FIRST NAMED "CENTRALIA" BY THE SETTLERS-SURVEY ACROSS DAKOTA-INDIANS ANNOY ENGINEERS- JAMESTOWN AND FORT WM. H. SEWARD-SITTING BULL HEADS THE INCORRI- GIBLES-STRONG MILITARY FORCE ORGANIZED TO GUARD RAILWAY WORK-THE STANLEY EXPEDITION-FORT M KEAN BUILT ON TIIE MISSOURI-HARD TIMES AND RUMORED FINANCIAL TROUBLES OF JAY COOKE-SILVER DEMONETIZED- BURLEIGH COUNTY-HISTORICAL SURROUNDINGS- ORGANIZATION-BISMARCK RECEIVES ITS TITLE FROM THE GERMAN CHANCELLOR-COOKE'S FAILURE-TEM- PORARY SUSPENSION OF WORK ON THE NORTHIERN PACIFIC-WORK RESUMED IN 1878 THE GREAT BRIDGE AT BISMARCK-A DISTANCE TABLE-CASS COUNTY ORGANIZED 686

CHAPTER LVII

THE COMING OF THE GERMAN-RUSSIANS 1873

LAKE KAMPESKA AND RAILROAD GRANT-THE GERMAN-RUSSIAN EMIGRATION- ONLY A FRACTION OF EMIGRANTS WERE MENNONITES, BUT THE MENNONITES WERE BEST KNOWN-ORIGIN OF TIIE SECT AND TIIE BROTHERHOOD-EXPLAINING TIIE EMIGRATION OF THE GERMANS TO RUSSIA IN 1770 AND LONG AFTER-IN 1870 CZAR ABROGATES ORIGINAL AGREEMENT AND THOUSANDS OF GERMANS EMIGRATE TO AMERICA-ARE CALLED GERMAN-RUSSIANS-SEVERAL THOUSAND EMIGRATE AND SETTLE IN DAKOTA TERRITORY AND ELSEWHERE IN 1873 AND LATER-RE- CEIVE A CORDIAL WELCOME-BROUGHT LARGE AMOUNT OF GOLD COIN-WERE A VALUABLE FACTOR IN DEVELOPING DAKOTA'S AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES-EFFORT TO OBTAIN FROM CONGRESS SPECIAL LAND PRIVILEGE-NAMES OF A NUMBER OF THE PIONEER EMIGRANTS-AMERICA, TIIE ASYLUM OF THE OPPRESSED OF ALL NATIONS 703

CHAPTER LVIII

THE McCOOK-WINTERMUTE TRAGEDY 1873

1873 WAS A NOTABLE YEAR FOR DAKOTA-THE ADVENT OF RAILROADS-EARLY IMMI- GRATION AGENTS-ELECTING TERRITORIAL OFFICERS-SECRETARY EDWIN S. M'COOK SIIOT AND KILLED BY PETER P. WINTERMUTE-SKETCH OF WINTERMUTE -INDICTMENT OF WINTERMUTE FOR MANSLAUGIITER-TIIE GOVERNOR REASSIGNS THE JUDGES-TIIE FIRST INDICTMENT AND PROCEEDINGS QUASHED AND NEW INDICTMENT FOUND CIIARGING MURDER-THE TRIAL AND THIE TESTIMONY- WINTERMUTE CONVICTED OF MANSLAUGHTER-SENTENCED-RETRIAL ORDERED BY SUPREME COURT-THE DEFENDANT TRIED AT VERMILLION AND ACQUITTED -- FULL PROCEEDINGS IN TIIE CASE-DEATII OF WINTERMUTE. 718

Xvi

CONTENTS

CHAPTER LIX INSTITUTING THE SIOUX INDIAN PEACE POLICY 1854-1871

A STATEMENT OF TIIE PEACE POLICY-TIIE SIOUX FROM 1854 TO 1868 -- PEACE TREATIES OF 1865 AND 1866-MILITARY CLAIM PRIORITY IN TREATY MAKING- THE ONKPAIIPAH TREATY AN INDEX TO MANY-GENERAL SULLY AND COMMIS- SIONER PARKER-GENERAL SHERMAN PROCLAIMS THE INDIAN WAR ENDED- - THE ARGUMENT, PRO AND CON, FOR THE CONTROL OF THE INDIANS-TENT OF SHER- MAN TREATY OF 1868-THE INDUSTRIAL PEACE POLICY UNDER PRESIDENT GRANT -- CHURCHI DENOMINATIONS FURNISH INDIAN AGENTS-CONGRESS TO OPPOSE FURTIIER TREATIES WITHI INDIANS AS A FOREIGN NATION-SHERMAN TREATY GAVE INDIANS TOO MUCHI DISCRETION IN CHOOSING BETWEEN WORK AND HUNT- ING-THE SIOUX IN IS70 AND 187I-STANLEY'S REPORT .744

CHAPTER LX INFLUENCE OF CHRISTIAN RELIGION ON THE SIOUX

PE-IIE-ZI-WI, SPOTTED TAIL'S DAUGIITER-INDIANS IN COURT FOR MURDER-MIS- SIONARIES GREAT WORK FOR CIVILIZATION-FATHER DESMET-INDIANS LIKE WHITE MAN'S WAYS-SPOTTED TAIL'S RELIGIOUS VIEW'S-TOMAHAWK READS TIIE BIBLE-RELIGIOUS ASSOCIATIONS HOLD MEETINGS WITHI INDIANS-CUSTER ITEARS "OLD IIUNDRED" SUNG BY IIIS INDIAN SCOUTS. .770

CHAPTER LXI COST OF WAR AND PEACE COMPARED

SECRETARY DELANO EXPLAINS PEACE POLICY-GENERAL SHERIDAN IN IS74-GEN- ERAL SHERMAN'S VIEWS-COST OF WAR COMPARED WITHI COST OF PEACE-WITII- DRAWING PUBLIC LAND FROM MARKET TO PROTECT THE SIOUX AND RESTORING .783 IT

CHAPTER LXII CHIEF STRIKE-THE-REE MAKES A SPEECH

HON. WILLIAM WELCHI AND OTHERS VISIT INDIANS-INDIAN TREATS WITH INDIAN -TIIE INDIAN TALKS-THIE OTIS TREATY-COMMISSIONER SMITHI AND THE YANKTONS-STRIKE-THE-REE'S VIEWS, AND THOSE OF OTHER FAMOUS SACHEMS -IMPORTANCE OF BLISTERED ILANDS. .. 790

CHAPTER LXIII INDIAN CHIEFS VISIT WASHINGTON 1875-78

NAMES OF INDIAN AGENTS IN 1875, AND THEIR AGENCIES IN DAKOTA TERRITORY- INDIANS REMOVED TO MISSOURI RIVER AFTER BLACK HILLS TREATY AND THEN MOVED BACK AGAIN-INDIANS GO TO WASHINGTON-PRESIDENT ILAVES AS GREAT FATIIER TALKS TO IIIS RED CHILDREN-RED CHILDREN HAVE SOMETHING TO SAY -COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS HAYT COMES OUT TO DAKOTA TO SEE HIS RED PEOPLE-PROHIBITS USE OF BEADS WHICH ARE A SERIOU'S STUMBLING BLOCK IN THE PATHI OF INDIAN WOMEN BECOMING CIVILIZED -- REMARKABLE REVIV MI OF BEAD TRADE-MR. HAYT IIS AN INTERVIEW WITH SPOTTED TAIL

xxiv

CONTENTS

NOW ATTACK EMIGRANTS-GORDON CASE-ARREST OF LARGE PARTY OF INVADERS BY THE MILITARY-NEBRASKA JUDGE DECIDES THE TREATY OF 1868 OF NO EFFECT -CHARLES SOLIS ARRESTED, TRIAL AND DISCILARGE-THE POLICY OF EXCLUDING EMIGRANTS FROM THE GOLD FIELDS HAD FAILED OF ITS PURPOSE. .. 903

CHAPTER LXXI MINERS AT WORK IN NORTHERN HILLS. DEADWOOD FOUNDED 1875-76

GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS CONCLUDE TO RELAX THE RIGID RULES OF EXCLUSION- REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS-PRESIDENT GRANT'S MESSAGE -THE BLACK HILLS FEVER AMONG DAKOTANS-LETTERS FROM DEADWOOD : PEAR- SON, GAY AND OTHERS-INTERVIEWS WITH CAPTAIN KELLEY, JOHN BRENNAN AND OTHERS-THE DISCOVERER OF DEADWOOD GULCH-GOVERNOR PENNINGTON DECLINES TO ORGANIZE COUNTIES. .920

CHAPTER LXXII DELEGATE KIDDER'S ZEAL HASTENS THE TREATY I 876

DELEGATE KIDDER'S GREAT BLACK HILLS ADDRESS IN CONGRESS, JUNE, IS76-KID- DER'S IMPORTANT ACTION IN SECURING THIE OPENING OF THE HILLS. ..... 931

CHAPTER LXXIII CUSTER'S LAST BATTLE-BLACK HILLS PURCHASED 1876

TERRY'S FATEFUL EXPEDITION AGAINST SITTING BULL'S 5,000 SIOUX-CUSTER'S MARCII AND LAST BATTLE-THE TRAGEDY OF TIIE LITTLE BIG HORN-CUSTER DIVIDES ILIS REGIMENT AND ENGAGES SITTING BULL'S FORCES WITH FIVE COM- PANIES-COMPLETE SLAUGHTER OF THE GALLANT GENERAL AND IIIS MEN-NOT ONE ESCAPED TO TELL THE STORY OF THE MOST FAMOUS BATTLE IN OUR INDIAN ANNALS-THIE STEAMBOAT FAR WEST AND CAPTAIN GRANT MARSH-GENERAL TERRY'S OFFICIAL REPORT-CARRYING THE WOUNDED OF RENO'S COMMAND TO FORT LINCOLN-THIE VOYAGE DOWN THE YELLOWSTONE- SENDING THE FATEFUL TIDINGS TO THE WORLD-UNIVERSAL LAMENT AT SACRIFICE OF CUSTER- DAKOTA OFFERS A REGIMENT OF VOLUNTEER CAVALRY-SITTING BULL SEEKS REFUGE IN BRITISH AMERICA-GREAT EXCITEMENT FOLLOWING CUSTER SLAUGIITER AND THREATS OF EXTERMINATING THE INDIANS-NEW BLACK HILLS TREATY COM- MISSION APPOINTED-COMMISSION AT PINE RIDGE-INDIANS QUIET AND OPPRESSED WITHI FEAR OF PALE FACE INDIGNATION-NEW PROPOSED TREATY FOR BLACK HILLS SUBMITTED AND AGREED UPON WITH LITTLE OPPOSITION-TIIE BLACK HILLS COMPACT WITH THE NAMES OF INDIANS OF ALL THIE TRIBES THAT SIGNED-SPOTTED TAIL AND OTHERS VISIT INDIAN TERRITORY TO INVESTIGATE THE COUNTRY WITH THE VIEW OF REMOVING- SIOUX DECIDE TO REMAIN IN DAKOTA-GENERAL NELSON A. MILES IN TIIE FIELD-ACTIVE CAMPAIGN DURING FALL OF 1876 LED BY CROOK AND TERRY-CROOK REACHIES BLACK HILLS -- BATTLE OF SLIM BUTTES-GENERAL SHERMAN ON THE YELLOWSTONE-INDIAN TROUBLES CONFINED TO THE BLACK HILLS-MAJOR RENO OF CUSTER'S REGIMENT DEMANDS AN INVESTIGATION-MILITARY COURT AT CHICAGO-TESTIMONY OF WITNESSES -RENO'S STATEMENT- COURT ENONERATES RENO-FINDING OF COURT-SITTING BULL. AND GALL'S STORY OF THE BATTLE-THE LITTLE BIG HORN BATTLEFIELD .1 NATIONAL CEMETERY 938

CONTENTS

CHAPTER LXXIV BLACK HILLS LAWFULLY OPENED-INDIANS HOSTILE 1877 ( Black Hills-Concluded )

REPORT OF THE BLACK HILLS TREATY COMMISSION-TREATY CONSIDERED OF GREATER VALUE THIAN ANY FORMER AGREEMENT-EXPLAINING THE ALLIANCE OF THE CHEYENNES AND ARAPAHOES-BLACK HILLS COUNTIES AND BOUNDARIES- INDIAN HOSTILITIES-SHERIFF BULLOCK CALLS FOR TROOPS-GOVERNOR AUTHOR- IZES CALLING OUT THE MILITIA-SEVERAL HOME COMPANIES ORGANIZED-DIS- AGREEMENT AS TO TENURE OF APPOINTED COUNTY OFFICIALS-COURT DECIDES AN ELECTION MUST BE HELD-DEMOCRATS CARRY THIE ELECTION-WAGON ROAD ROUTES FROM THE MISSOURI RIVER TO THE GOLD FIELDS-FIRST SESSION OF COURT AT DEADWOOD-EVIDENCES OF AN EARLIER WIIITE OCCUPATION-THE OPENING OF THE HILLS OF PRIME IMPORTANCE IN PROMOTING THE PEACE POLICY . . . . 969

History of Dakota Territory

CHAPTER I

LOUISIANA-HOW NAMED AND ITS CESSION TO THE UNITED STATES

1803

TIIE TERRITORY OF LOUISIANA-ITS DISCOVERY BY LASALLE-ITS BOUNDARIES-ITS PURCIIASE BY THE UNITED STATES-INCIDENTS LEADING TO THE TREATY OF CESSION.

The Territory of Dakota, with the exception of the portion drained by the Red River of the North and the Mouse River, was a part of the Louisiana Terri- tory, acquired by the United States from France, by purchase, in 1803.

At the close of this country's successful war for independence, waged by the American Colonies against the government of Great Britain, that nation, by the Treaty of Paris, September, 1783, conceded the independence of the Colonies, and transferred to the new nation all its domain and sovereignty lying east of the Mississippi River, south of the Great Lakes and the River St. Lawrence, extend- ing south to the Spanish possessions. These Spanish possessions included Florida and all south of that state's northern boundary line, extended west to the Missis- sippi River, excepting the Island of New Orleans. West of the Mississippi lay a large portion of the Territory of Louisiana, so named by the intrepid French explorer, LaSalle, in 1682, who had then, as discoverer, taken formal possession of the country drained by the Mississippi and its tributaries, and named it in honor of his king, Louis XIV of France.

Inasmuch as the boundaries of the original Territory of Louisiana do not appear to have been definitely marked by the first claimant or those claiming under that power, for the reason that but a small fraction of the territory had been explored; and because Dakotians must ever be interested in knowing the facts regarding these boundaries, we have copied briefly from a work prepared by the Hon. Binger Hermann, commissioner of the general land office, and pub- lished by order of Congress, where the writer unravels the disputed questions, mainly those connected with the possessions of our Government west of the summit of the Rocky Mountains known originally as the Oregon country, in the light of the facts connected with the original discovery and subsequent treaties. First, as to what was claimed by the discoverer :

LaSalle was the first to descend the Mississippi from its navigable northern waters to its mouth, and from the gulf inward again. His discovery was not a mere accident, nor was it left unwritten and in doubt. His journey was undertaken for purposes of discovery. and every important observation was carefully noted and reported by him. lle was a man of education and received a patent of nobility. Ilis expeditions were under the authority of the French government, and he early won the confidence and admiration of that nation's monarch, Louis XIV. The Chevalier Ilenry de Tonty, Fathers Hennepin and Membre. and other well known explorers were his companions in many expeditions, and a few years before, over much of the same ground, Marquette and Joliet had opened the way among the Vol. I-1

HISTORY OF DAKOTA TERRITORY

Indian tribes. The result of his researches was made known in France, and efforts were at once made by the government to colonize the country and extend exploration.

LaSalle, standing with de Tonty, Dautray and other companions on the banks of the most western channel of the Mississippi, about three leagues from its mouth, on April 9, 1682, took possession of the country in the name of Louis XIV, and setting up a column, or. as Doctor Kohl insists, "a cross with arms of the King," buried a plate, unfurled the flag of France, sung a Te Deum, and naming the country "Louisiana," in a loud voice, pro- claimed its extent to be "from the mouth of the great river St. Louis, on the eastern side, otherwise called Ohio, Alighin. Sipore, or Chiskagona, and this with the consent of the Chaonanons, Chikachas, and other people dwelling therein with whom we have made alliance, as also along the River Colbert, or Mississippi. and rivers which discharge themselves therein, from its source beyond the Kious or Nadonessious, and this with their consent, and with the consent of the Miotanties, Illinois, Mesigameus, Natchez, Koroas, which are the most considerable nations dwelling therein, with whom also we have made alliance, as far as its mouth at the sea or Gulf of Mexico, and also to the mouth of the River Palms, upon the assurance which we have received from all these nations that we are the first Europeans who have descended or ascended the said River Colbert.

LaSalle also named the Mississippi "Colbert," in honor of his friend and patron. M. Colbert, the colonial minister under Louis XIV, and tipon whose report the king conferred tipon LaSalle the rank of esquire, with power to acquire knighthood.

Passing over an interval of thirty-five years, in 1717, Bienville was appointed by the French king to be "Governor of Louisiana," and one of his first acts was to select a place for a French colony, which he did by choosing the site of the present City of New Orleans, named in honor of the Duke of Orleans, then regent of France. In 1723 the seat of government was fixed at that place, which contained 300 inhabitants.

Concerning the northern and western boundaries of Louisiana, they were conceded to be the sources of the waters which by various tributaries were drained into the Mississippi. Subsequently and as the result of treaties between France and England in 1713 (the Treaty of Utrecht), a boundary was fixed between the English and French possessions. The commissioners acting tinder this treaty fixed the "northern boundary of Canada and Louisiana by a line beginning on the Atlantic, at a cape or promontory in 58° 30' north latitude ; thence southeasterly to the Lake Mistasin: thence further southeast to the latitude forty-nine degrees north from the equator, and along that line in- definitely."

At the time this treaty was made, France possessed Canada and Louisiana. This was followed by a treaty between the same powers in 1763 (the United States being not then in existence), by which France ceded all the Territory of Louisiana, east of the Mississippi River. to Great Britain.

Now comes the new Government of the United States, which by the ternis of the treaty of peace in 1783. which closed the War of the Revolution. succeeds to all the country theretofore claimed by Great Britain, south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi and its sources, extending west to the Lake of the Woods.

Concerning the settlement of this question of the northern boundary, in which Dakotians will feel an interest. ex-President Jefferson, in a letter to Mr. Mellish, the geographer, dated Monticello, December 31, 1816, says :

By the charter of Louis XIV. all the country comprehending the waters which flow into the Mississippi, was made a part of Louisiana. Consequently its northern boundary was the summit of the highlands in which its northern waters rise. But, by the Xth Art. of the Treaty of Utrecht. France and England agreed to appoint commissioners to settle the boundary between their possessions in that quarter, and those commissioners settled it at the forty-ninth degree of latitude. This it was which induced the British commissioners, in settling the boundary with us, to follow the northern water line to the Lake of the Woods, at the latitude forty-ninth degree, and then go off on that parallel. This, then, is the true northern boundary of Louisiana.

Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.

History of Dakota Territory, volume I, Part 2

Author: Kingsbury, George Washington, 1837-; Smith, George Martin, 1847-1920 Publication date: 1915 Publisher: Chicago, Ill. : S.J. Clarke Publishing Company Number of Pages: 1198

Author: Kingsbury, George Washington, 1837-; Smith, George Martin, 1847-1920
Publication date: 1915
Publisher: Chicago, Ill. : S.J. Clarke Publishing Company
Number of Pages: 1198