USA > Tennessee > History of Tennessee from the earliest time to the present : together with an historical and a biographical sketch of from twenty-five to thirty counties of east Tennessee, V.3 > Part 5
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Returning to the newspaper publication, in May, 1836, the Tennessee Sentinel was established as the organ of the Van Buren party, with Gifford & Sparks as publishers. It was edited successively by Lawson Gifford, Thomas Anderson and Landon C. Haynes. About 1843 Brownlow removed his Tennessee Whig from Elizabethton to Jonesboro, and from that time until he went to Knoxville the two papers waged a bitter political and < personal warfare, culminating in an altercation between Mr. Haynes and Mr. Brownlow, in which the latter was shot. Mr. Brownlow remained in Jonesboro until after the cam- paign of 1849, when he removed to Knoxville. About 1845 the Sentinel was changed to the Washington County Democrat, of which W. H. Smith became editor. Early in 1859 A. G. Graham, an eccentric attorney from the North, established, as the successor of the Democrat, the Jonesboro Union, which he published as a strong Southern paper until compelled to suspend in 1863. Contemporaneous with this publication was the Express,
published by John Slack, and subsequently by Slack & Grisham. The last number appeared May 12, 1865, and a week later the first number of the Union Flag was issued by Capt. G. E. Grisham. who continued its publication until his death in 1873. It repre- sented the radical element of the Republican party, and during the campaign between Senter and Stokes for governor, the Herald and Tribune was established by Wheeler and Mahoney as a Senter organ. In October, 1876, it was purchased by W. P. Brownlow. who conducted it until 1883, when it was transferred to a joint stock company. It has one of the best equipped newspaper offices in Tennessee, and the editorial library is without an equal. It has a cylinder press, several fine job presses and is equally com- plete in other respects. Among the other papers published since 1870, were the Echo, established by S. S. Luttrell; the East Tennessee Patriot, edited by Col. T. H. Reeves; the Times, established in 1876 and continued three or four years, and the Journal published by a stock company for about ten years succeeding 1875.
In 1852 the East Tennessee & Virginia Railroad was incorporated, and it may be said that to Washington County was due the successful completion of this enterprise. In order that the charter become valid the stock in the road was required to be taken in a certain time. Washington County subscribed $50,000 and $123,000 was raised by indi- vidual subscription in the county, but when the day set for the subscription to be made
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up drew near, about $300,000 remained untaken. To save the charter thirty enterprising citizens, mainly from Washington County, formed a syndicate and took the remaining stock. Among those from Washington County in this syndicate were Dr. Samuel B. Cunningham (the first president of the road), William P. Reeves, Gen. A. E. Jackson, George W. Tilford, Samuel Mitchell, Isaac McPherson, William R. Sevier, William G. Gammon, Jacob Cooper, John F. Deaderick, William Bovell, E. L. Mathes, James F. and Adam Broyles, Robert, John and William K. Blair. The construction of this road was soon begun, and completed as far as Jonesboro in 1856. In 1858 the entire line was put into operation. The whole amount of aid received from the State by this road was $2,202,000. Since the completion of the railroad, Jonesboro has grown in wealth and population, but owing to the establishment of other towns and villages in close proximity her improvement has not been so great as it otherwise would have been. The business interests are now represented as follows: Dosser & Co., R. M. May, J. W. Hoss, John D. Cox, Smith, Peoples & Co., February & Archer, and Russell, general merchandise: J. J. Hunt, J. S. Mathes and Gibson & Warliek, drugs; J. J Hunt and A. G. Mason, hardware; W. G. Mathes, Crawford & Murray, J. A. T. Bacon and M. L. Elsea & Son. groceries; A. T. Dosser, clothing; Milton Keen, furniture. The Jonesboro Banking and Trust Com- pany, established in 1886, does a small banking business. J. D. Cox is president, and W. G. Mathes, cashier.
The manufactories of the town consist of a carriage shop by D C. Aikin & Sou, and a machine shop by G. W. Bolinger.
The first church established in Jonesboro was a Presbyterian Church. About 1,90 Rev. Samuel Doak and Rev. Hezekiah Balch organized a church by the name of Hebron, four miles east of town. The members numbered from fifteen to twenty. The first ruling elders were Samuel Mitchell, Sr., Samuel Fain and John B. McMahon, to whom in a few years was added Joseph Young. For a time Mr. Doak preached at the houses of Adam Mitchell and Peter Miller, and at the courthouse in town. Soon, however, & meeting-house of logs was built on land then owned by Mr. McMahon, but now owned
by ------ Mr. Adam Mitchell was the chief mover in the work, but was assisted in meeting the cost by Messrs. McMahon, Fain and Miller. This building had disappeared before the memory of the present generation. The next regular place of worship was the old Martin Academy, built in 1816. It is said to have been the place at which the first sacramental meeting was held, but the house was so small that on similar occasions there- after the services were conducted in the grove near the residence of Gen. A. E. Jackson. In 1831 the third house of worship was erected. It was built in great haste that it might be ready for the meeting of the synod of Tennessee on the 12th of October, of the same year. It was not entirely completed, however, until 1836. The building is still standing and forms a part of the house used by the public schools. It did not prove to be a very suit- able church building, and in 1847 the erection of a new house of worship was begun. It was not finished until 1850, and on August 15, of that year, it was dedicated by Rev. R. P. Wells. This church was occupied until the civil war by an undivided congregation, and after the war by two congregations, adhering respectively to the Northern and to the Southern General Assembly. About 1881, however, the former congregation sold out its claim to the latter, and the next year completed the handsome and substantial brick structure in which they have since worshiped.
For several years after its organization the church seems to have had no regularly installed pastor, but was served occasionally, or for short times regularly, by Samuel Doak, Samuel Lake, John Cosson, James Witherspoon, Charles Coffin and John W. Doak.
In July, 1808, Dr. Charles Coffin renewed his connection with the church, and contin- ued to preach regularly once in three weeks for ten years. He confined his preaching mainly to the town, holding services at the residences of David Deaderick. John Adams and others, and at the courthouse until the completion of the church in 1816. He resigned his pastoral charge in 1818, and after an interval of about eighteen months was succeeded by Rev. Robert Glenn, who remained until the summer of 1825. The church was then without any regular supply until the fall of 1826, when Rev. Lancelot G. Bell came to this
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church. The next year he was installed regularly as pastor, the first instance of the kind in the history of the church. It was during his ministry, on December 29, 1829, that a Sabbath school on union principles was organized, and began its sessions on the following Sabbathı. His pastoral relations were dissolved on October 5. 1832. The next minister was Rev. Henry M. Kerr, who filled the pulpit for twelve months succeeding April. 1833. In October, 1834, Rev, J. W. Cunningham began his labors with the church, and from that time until 1845 preached one-half of his time, the remainder of his time being devoted successively to Elizabethton, Bethesda and Mount Lebanon. In September, 1845. Rev. Rufus P. Wells assumed charge of the congregation. and on August 17, 1850. wasinstalled as pastor, a position he continued to hold until October, 1862. During this time 193 persons joined the church on profession of faith, and sixty-six by letter. After the departure of Mr. Wells there was an intermission in the stated preaching until about June, 1863. when J. D. Tadlock began to supply the church, aud remained for about two years. For about eighteen months succeeding the pulpit was filled by Calvin Waterbury. On June 9. 1867, Rev. James G. Mason entered upon his labors under a call to the pastorate, and continued with the church until July 28, 1872. On the first of the following December Rev. F. D. Cowan began to supply the pulpit, and continued until 1877, when he was succeeded by Rev. C. A. Duncan, the present pastor.
After the close of the war the United Synod, with which the church had been identi- fied since 1858, having ceased to exist, the question of church relationship divided the congregation. A part of the members, a majority it is claimed, desired to unite with the Southern General Assembly, while the remainder, who then held control, attached them- selves to the Northern Assembly. The former, therefore, on the fifth Sunday in March, 1868, organized a separate congregation. Services were held in the basement of the old courthouse by Dr. J. D. Tadlock, until May, 1872. During the following summer the pulpit was supplied by J. P. Gammon. W. W. Morrison then preached to the congrega- for two years, during which time a compromise was effected by which the oid church was occupied alternately by the two congregations. Meanwhile legal proceedings had been begun by the members of the southern church to obtain possession of the property, but before the case had reached a final determination in the court a second compromise was effected, whereby the members of the northern church relinquished their claim to the church property, and erected the handsome brick structure known as the Second Presby- terian Church. The ministers to the First Presbyterian Church succeeding Rev. Morrison have been Rev. J. Albert Wallace, 1874-76; Rev. B. O. Byers, 1876-83; Rev. C. W. Johnson, 1883-85; Rev. J. B. Converse, 1885-87. Since January 1, 1887, the congregation has been without any stated supply.
At what time the Methodists organized a society in Jonesboro is not known, but it must have been early in the century. The first church building stood on the hill beyon i where the depot now is. It was a small building built of brick, with a brick floor. while the seats were rough slabs supported on round pins. This building was torn down about 1845. and the present church edifice was erected. At the close of the war the congregation became divided upon the question of church relationship, and for several years the members of the Methodist Episcopal Church held possession of the property. Through process of law, however, they were compelled to transfer the property to the Methodist Episcopal Church South. They then erected a new house, which a few years since was destroyed by fire, and has not been rebuilt.
The Baptist Church in Jonesboro was instituted in 1842 by William Cate. with a mem- bership of about forty-four. Among the first members were J. R. Lacey. Wilton Atkin- son, Wilson Bayless, J. B. Estes, J. Pritchett, C. Hill. A. Brown and Isaac Murray. small church building was erected near the railroad, just above town, and was occupied until the completion of the present church about 1856.
The first school in Jonesboro was taught about 1812, by John C. Harris, in a small house standing on a lot in town.
In 1816 the trustees, in union with the Presbyterian Church, erected a building, a part of which is now occupied by Dr. Warlick as a residence. The trustees at that time
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HISTORY OF TENNESSEE.
were John Kennedy, David Deaderick. John Nelson, William Mitchell, Andrew Steele. Matthew Aiken, Matthew Stephenson, A. M. Nelson and George and Allen Gillespie. to whom the next year were added James V. Anderson, William B. Carter, John G. Eason, D. G. Vance, John C. Harris and Samuel Greer. This school then became the educational center of the town. In 1843 a lot was purchased on the hill south of the present depot, and the large, brick building, which is still standing, was erected. Meanwhile, a female academy had been established, which was taught by a Miss Melville and a Miss Mitchell in the house now occupied by William February. In 1853 the Holston Association of Baptists adopted a female school that had been established by Mr. and Mrs. Keeling as the Holston Baptist Female Institute. A large, brick building was soon after begun on an eminence in the east part of town. It was not completed, however, until about the beginning of the war. The trustees were W. Cate, W. C. Newell, M. V. Kitzmiller. J. A. Davis, W. Keen, E. Martin, J. H. Crouch, Z. A. Burson, J. Vaughn, J. White, W. H. Humphreys, J. West, M. C. Hunter, R. P. Murray, J. Bayless, S. H. Smith, C. Hoss, J. D. Gibson, A. Brown and J. Spurgeon. At the close of the war, Col. Dungan purchased the property, and for nine years conducted a male institute. At the end of that time he trans- ferred the building and grounds to Yeardley Warner in the interest of a society of Friends, and since that time an excellent school for the training of colored youth has been main- tained. Contemporaneous with the above school in the beginning, was the Odd Fellows' Institute, which was opened about 1853, in a large building in the western part of town. The first president of the institute was Rev. David Sullins, who was associated with Rev. Rufus Wells. It was continued until 1863 when it was taken for a hospital. After the war the property was sold for debt, and schools of various degrees of excellence were taught there until 1883, when the Jonesboro Educational Society was formed for the establishment of a first-class school for both sexes. Prof. Charles Mason, with an effi- cient corps of assistant teachers, was employed, and under this management the standard of the schools has been raised to a position as high as that of any other town in the State. The society controlling the school is composed of many of the most prominent and enter- prising citizens of the town, and while the institution is not precisely a public school. it offers all the advantages of such a system at a merely nominal cost.
The oldest village in Washington County is Leesburg, situated about five miles west of Jonesboro. It was established in 1799 upon lands owned by Michael Fraber and Abra- ham and John Campbell. Ninety acres of land were laid off into lots, and Alexander McLin, John Blair, John Cowan, John Ferguson and Joseph Tucker were appointed commissioners for the new town. Among the first merchants at this place were John and Matthew Stephenson and Ebenezer Barkley, who also had a hotel. The place never attained much importance, and has now well nigh disappeared.
Limestone is a station on the East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad, in the western part of the county. The site was originally owned by Thomas Gillespie. The first store was built in 1859 by Broyles & Strain. Since the war the town has grown con- siderably in importance. The present business men are Copp Brothers, J. S. Biddle, D. W. Williams, Nelson & Strain, A. B. Slaughter and Dr. J. R. Duncan. An extensive flouring-mill is conducted by T. B. & Jacob Klepper.
The first church in the village, known as "Urbana," was erected by members of the Methodist Episcopal Church South. Since that time a Methodist Episcopal Church has been established.
Tilford is a small station ou the railroad between Limestone and Jonesboro. It is the seat of a somewhat extensive agricultural implement manufactory, which, however, is not now in operation.
The largest and most enterprising town in Washington County is Johnson City. The site upon which it is built was originally entered by Abraham Jobe, and upon the com- pletion to this point of the East Tennessee & Virginia Railroad, the greater part of the land was owned and farmed by Tipton Jobe, the nephew of Abraham. Franklin and Montgomery Hoss owned land on the northeast and north sides of the town. The first building erected at this place was a dwelling and store built by Henry Johnson from
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WASHINGTON COUNTY.
which circumstance the place was called Johnson's Depot. This house now forms a por- tion of the brick building west of the railroad at the crossing of what was once the stage road. For a time it was used as a hotel and railroad depot as well as store and dwelling. Soon after, Mr. Johnson, at his own expense, built a large brick depot on the site of the present Hoss House, which was used by the company until after the war. The second house was built in 1857, by T. A. Farr, on land lying on the north of the stage road. It was a frame store house. The next year he built a dwelling near Knob Spring, and in 1800 erected a large store house, which was not occupied until 1867. From the completion of the East Tennessee & Virginia Railroad the town increased rapidly, receiving among its accessions, Elder James Miller, John H. Bowman, James M. Wheeler, Dr. J. H. Min- gle, Dr. J. W. Sechorn, S. H. Hale and James Barnes. During the war the town was. named Haynesville in honor of L. C. Haynes, but it soon resumed its old name, and when incorporated it was as Johnson City. Since the war the town has steadily advanced, but its growth during the past three or four years has been especially rapid. It now has a population of about 3,000. The principal manufacturing establishments now in operation are the Watauga Tannery, established in 1853 by Horton Locum & Co., who still operate it. It is equipped with all the latest machinery, and appliances, and the establishment can turn out about 150 hides per day. The number of hands employed, varies with the season, reaching at times nearly 300. Johnson City Foundry and Machine Shops were put into operation in 1834, and now employ a large number of hands. The president of the company is Col. T. E. Matson. In 1884, also, Miller Bros., A. P. and N. J. Miller established their machine shops, which have proven highly successful. Another flourish- ing establishment is the Johnson City Furniture Company, which was begun about three years ago, and the planing mill company of Grant, Stepbens & Co .; a tobacco manufactory, a large steam flouring-mill and a furniture and trunk factory are all expected to be put into operation in a short time.
The commercial interests of the town are represented by the following firms and indi- viduals: John C. Campbell, J. F. Crumley, H. P. King, Charles S. Earnest, John W. Hunter & Bro., Christian, Hoss & Hodge, Evans & Hurst, Kirkpatrick & Co. and E. B. Clarke, general merchandise; Gump & Co., clothing; Sutton & Co., Lewis & Son, G. W. Hickey, John Harr and Moore & Martin, groceries; F. M. Critzman and - Beckner, jewelry; MoNcal & Wolf, furniture and house furnishing goods; W. A. McFarland and J. B. Hash, drugs; C. K. Lide and D. C. Seaver, hardware; E. D. Strain, confectionery: Mathes & Co., produce; Crandall, Barnes & Co., tobacco warehouse, and the Johnson City Bank.
The town has had but two newspapers, both of which are now published: the Enterprise, an independent, non-political paper, established in 1882 by W. S. Mitchell. and the Comet, one of the ablest Democratic papers in upper East Tennessee. The latter was established in 1883 by R. L. Taylor and Robert Burroughs.
The town has four white and two colored churches, all of which have been built since 1870. The first erected was the Presbyterian Church, and the second the Methodist Epis- copal Church South. These were built early in the seventies. Recently, a Methodist Episcopal Church and a Baptist Church have been erected, although the congregations of these denominations were organized several years before.
The following have been the officers of Washington County since its organization:
Clerks of the county court-John Sevier, 1778-85; James Sevier, 1785-SS :* John Tip- ton, 1787; Thomas Gourley, 1787-90; James Sevier, 1790-1992; Matthew Stephenson, 1822-24: James Sevier, 1824-36; Samuel Greer, 1836-44; William H. Smith, 1844-56; Henry Hoss. 1856-60; J. A. Conley, 1880-66; John F. Grisham, 1866-78; E. A. Shipley, 1978-56. Jacob Leab, 1886.
Clerks of the circuit court-James V. Anderson, 1810-36; John Ryland, 1836-48: Worley Embree, 1848-52: John H. Crawford, 1852-61: E. Armstrong. 1864-66; James E. Deakens, 1868-70; C. Wheeler, 1870-74; S. S. Luttrell, 1874-78; W. E. Mathes. 15;8-96: Lewis Cooper, 1886.
*Under Franklin government.
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HISTORY OF TENNESSEE.
Clerks and masters of the superior court of equity-David Allison, 1788-91: Andrew Russell, 1791-92; Archibald Roane, 1792-93; Landon Carter, 1793-94; John Carter, 1700- 1806: James V. Anderson, 1806-10.
Clerks and masters of the chancery court-Seth J. W. Lucky, 1836-43; J. F. Deaderick, 1842-65; Henry -, 1865-70; B. F. Swingle, 1870-82; A. B. Bowman, 1882.
Sheriffs-Valentine Sevier, 1778-80; C. Barsksdale, 1780-83; Thomas Talbott, 1:58-88; Edmund Williams, 1788;# George Mitchell, 1787; Jonathan Pugh, 1787-89; Michael Harri- son, 1789-94: George Gillespie, 1794-98; Brice Blair, 1798-1800; Joseph Crouch, 1500-06; Joseph Brown, 1806-14; Samuel Hunt, 1814-1827; John Ryland, 1827-36; William Dosser, 1836-38; John Bricker, 1838-40; G. W. Willett, 1840-46; Joseph Crouch, 1846-52; John Ryland, 1852-58; Mark Bacon, 1858-60; J. T. Shipley, 1860-64; Samuel W. Baines, 1864-65; Shelby T. Shipley, 1865-68; Samuel E. Griffith, 1868-74; R. M. Young, 1874-76; Alexander M. Stuart, 1876-82; S. A. Pouder, 1892-84; G. W. Willett, 1884.
Trustees-John Sevier, 1778; Charles McCray, 1796-98; John Strain, 1798-1920: John C. Harris, 1820-36; Robert J. West, 1836-12; Joseph McLin, 1842-46; G. W. Willett, 1846-48; James A. Dilworth, 1848-52; G. W. Willett, 1852-56; Shelby T. Shipley, 1856-62; E. Armstrong, 1862-64; Azariah Peoples, 1864-65; Alexander Mathes, 1865-66: George McPherson, 1866-74; John H. Naff, 1874-66; John M. Morrow, 1876-78; McC. Wagner, 1978-82; A. M. Stuart, 1882-84: John S. Mathes, 1884.
Registers-John McMahon, 1778; William Stephenson, 1789-1800; John Adams, 1800-14; Samuel Greer, 1814-36; William H. Smith, 1836-40; Edward Armstrong, 1840-18; Phillip Parks, 1848-52; Joseph A. Conley, 1852-60; E. Taylor, 1860-66; George W. Doug- lass, 1866; A. C. Collins, 1866-68: M. S. Mahoney, 1868-70; E. M. Jackson, 1870-74; C. R. Jones, 1874-78; S. T. Shipley, 1878-86; D. P. O'Brien, 1886.
UNICOI COUNTY.
U NICOI COUNTY lies almost wholly in the Unaka Mountain belt, on the border of North Carolina, immediately south of Washington County. It has an area of about 480 square miles, of which only a comparatively small proportion is adapted to cultiva- tion. Greasy Cove and Lime Stone Cove, however, are among the most beautiful and fertile spots in the State.
Its mineral and timber resources are exceedingly abundant. The iron ores embrace both the red and brown hematites and the speculum. Manganese is also found in large quantities. These resources when developed will render Unicoi one of the wealthy counties of East Tennessee. The principal streams in the county are the Nolachucky River which traverses it in a northerly direction, and the two tributaries of this stream, the North Indian and South Indian Creeks.
The first settlers of this county located in Greasy Cove not long after the first settle- ment was made on the Nolachucky. The first to enter the cove were James Acton, Jona- than Webb, Robert Hampton, George Martin, Richard Deakins and - Judd, and a little later came Baxter Davis, Enoch Job, Jesse Brown, Peleg and William Tilson. William Lewis located on the upper part of Indian Creek, where in a short time his wife and seven children were killed by the Indians. One of his sons escaped, and a daughter taken pris- oner was afterward ransomed for a gun. Among the earliest settlers in Lime Stone Cove were Richard C. Garland, whose six sons, David, Gertredge, Elisha, William, Stephen and Ezekiel, all located in the vicinity. Edward Banks, Richard Colyer, John Chambers and Henry Grindstaff also settled in this cove. About 1785 a Baptist Church was organized, and at the formation of the Holston Association it was represented by Richard Deakins
*Under Franklin government.
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UNICOI COUNTY.
and James Acton who, with Robert Hampton and their families, constituted the church. After 1791 the name of the church disappears from the minutes of the association, and it was doubtless disbanded.
The next Baptist Church established was the Indian Creek, by Jonathan Mulkey, Uriah Hunt and Rees Bayless, June 29, 1822, near the present site of Erwin. The original mem- bers were John Edwards, William S. Erwin. John Rose, Thomas Edwards, Joseph Longmire, Nancy McGinsey, Polly Rose, Elizabeth Brown, Hannah Longmire, Jemima and Diana Job, Elizabeth, Mary and Lucy Edwards, Rachel and Ella Tilson, Hannah Black, B. Odoen, Elizabeth Webb, Ginsey Brown, Jesse Brown, Abel Edwards, William Odom, James and Elizabeth Williams, Peley Tilson, Margaret Carroll, Rachel Ambrose, Barbara Wright. Hugh Harris, Jesse Bayless, Rebecca Deakin, William McGinsey, John Peterson, Abraham and Mary Adle, Stephen and Nancy Mclaughlin, Enoch Job and Jacob Mclaughlin. The pastors of this church have been as follows: Rees Bayless, 1822-53; J. B. Stone, 1853-54, also 1859-60, and 1865; William A. Keen, 1856; J. W. Hooper, 1857-59; J. H. Hyder, 1867-12: H. W. Gilbert, 1874; J. H. Moon, 1874-80, and since 1883; A. J. F. Hyder, 1880-83. In 1842 a church was constituted at Floy Pond, with John, James, Elizabeth and Riley Keith, Washington, Ellis, James, Ruth and Barbara Higgins, John and Jennette Tilson, John Stroud. Jacob C. Sanes, Henry Hensly, Alfred Murray, Leodica Carter, Nancy O. Murray, Biddy Stroud and Eleanor Justice. Later Shallow Ford Church was constituted with Nancy Parks, James Brown, Elizabeth Brown, William and Rebecca Ferguson, Samuel May, William S. Erwin, Katharine Erwin, Nancy Lawrence, Emeline Gillis and James and Nancy Tinker.
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