USA > Tennessee > History of Tennessee from the earliest time to the present : together with an historical and a biographical sketch of from twenty-five to thirty counties of east Tennessee, V.3 > Part 9
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Among the settlers on the Laurel were James Keys, Charles Anderson and the Wills. Of the remaining settlers of the county prior to 1800 many have been forgotten, while the names of others are perpetuated by their descendants. A few only can be enumerated here. These were Peter and John Cain, Benjamin and Daniel Cuthbert, Peter Snyder. Abraham Dorson and Joseph Sewell, Joseph, John and Garland Wilson, Robert and John Walters. William Woodby (now Widby), William Netherly and Anthony and William Fisher.
The first church organized in the county was known as Roane Creek Baptist Church, constituted on April 20. 1794. Benjamin Brown was chosen moderator, William Jackson clerk and George Brown elder. At the next meeting in May George Brown. Stephen Wheeler. Benjamin Brown. Joseph Gentry, John Grimes, John Asher and William Jack- son were also appointed to sit, as the church, at Mr. Loyd's, to receive members. on the second Saturday in June. Among the first members mentioned were Benjamin Cuth- bert, Reuben and John Asher. Jacob Perkins, John and William Brown, Stephen Gen- try, Joseph Tompkins. William Clark, William Pembleton, James Parsous, John Mul-
928
JOHNSON COUNTY.
lins, John Smith, Benjamin Sewell. Hezekiah , Boone, Samuel Cole, Thomas Thornton and Joseph and John Jackson. To them should be added about thirty-five names of female members' belonging to the families of the above men, making an aggregate mem- bership of about sixty-five. This church then included all the Baptists in Johnson County, and some from the contiguous territory. In 1997 it was decided to build three houses of worship-one on Lower Roane Creek. another on Upper Roane Creek, and the third on Little Doe. Whether these buildings were erected could not be ascertained, but it is probable that they were not built, but services were held at private residences in the three settlements in turn. The first pastor was James Tompkins, installed in 1797. In 1801 the members on Cobb Creek were constituted a new church, and at the same time a new society was formed and given the name of Meadow Church. It was first represented in the association in 1803 by George and William Brown. In 1844 Little Doe Church was admitted to the association, and the next year Pleasant Grove. The delegates from the former were D. M. Stout and John Sheffield, and from the latter W. A. Gam- ble, D. Wagner and N. Stout.
The Methodist Church began its work in the county during its earliest settlement, but it was not until many years after that any house of worship was built. One of the first was at what is known as Deep Spring, built some time prior to 1833.
The Presbyterians have had but very few members in the county, and no organi- zation has been successfully maintained. The Christian Church has formed several societies, and has a considerable membership, but it is not well supplied with ministerial services.
The organization of Johnson County took place in 1836. The first sessions of the county court was begun and held at Pleasant Grove Schoolhouse on May 2. 1836. The magistrates present were John Ward. Thomas Johnson, Andrew L. Wilson. Jared Arren- diell, James W. Warren. Joseph Robinson, James W. Wright. Andrew Wilson, James Brown, Jesse Cole, Levi Heath, M. M. Wagner, Jouin Dugger, Sr .. and Phillip Shall M. M. Wagner was elected trustee, David H. Wagner, register; Benjamin Wilson, entry taker; S. E. McQueen, surveyor; William Keys, coroner, and Levi Heath, ranger. This court continued to meet at Pleasant Grove Schoolhouse, which was situated on Vanght Creek, near Roane Creek, for nearly a year. One or more sessions were then held at the house of Col. Green Moore, in Taylorsville. In October, 1836, the conuty commissioners were given authority to contract for the building of a court house, to be not more than forty feet square, and two stories high. This structure was completed about one year later. Two years later the jail was completed at a cost of about $1,000.
The first circuit court of Johnson County was held on March 28. 1836, "at the house formerly occupied by Thomas Johnson, deceased." # Samuel Powell presided, and Alfred D. Smith qualified as clerk. The grand jury impaneled at the next term was composed of the following men: Andrew Potter. Thomas Barry, William Tompkins, Michael Smithpeter, John H. Vaught. Robert L. Doran. John Wagner, Casper Cobb, William Adkins, Hughes Warden, Peter Wills, Stephen Jackson and Jacob Rose.
Among the lawyers who resided in the county prior to the war were H. C. Smith, his brother, A. D. Smith, William Smithpeter. H. P. Murphy and Roderick R. Butler. The first named removed to Carter County at about the beginning of the war. A. D. Smith served as clerk of the circuit court. and clerk and master during nearly his entire professional career. He died during the war. William Smithpeter began the practice of law a few years before the war, but did not attain much prominence. The last two named above are still residents of the town. Mr. Murphy has, however, retired from practice. The honorable career of Mr. Butler needs little mention here. He came to the county when a youth as a tailor's apprentice, and by his own unaided exertions he succeeded in securing a practical education and a good knowledge of the law. Upon the reorganization of the courts after the war he was made judge of the First Judicial Cirenit ; he resigned in 1867 to enter Congress, where he remained eight years. Since that time
*The above is from the court records. It is also contended by some persons who should know that the first court was held in a schoolhouse just southeast of town.
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HISTORY OF TENNESSEE
he has devoted his attention to his profession, but is now congressman-elect from the First District.
The present bar of the county is made up as follows: R. R. Butler, A. T. Donnelly, B. W. Jenkins, Thomas S. Smythe, Joseph A. Wilson, Joseph S. Jenkins, W. P. Sharp and James H. Church.
The commissioners appointed to locate the seat of justice were Green Moore, John Ward, James Brown, James B. Mosely and Ezekiel Smith, who, after viewing several places, purchased twenty-five and one-half acres of land from William P. Waugh. and laid off a town, to which was given the name of Taylorsville, in honor of the Taylors. of Carter County. The site formerly constituted a part of a large tract of land owned by John Wagner, who lived near where the residence of Noah Wagner now is. The sale of lots took place on September 6, 1836, at which time thirty-three lots were disposed of at comparatively high prices. One of the first residents of the town was Col. Green Moore.
who built the house now occupied by Mr. Giles Gregory, where he kept a hotel and store. Andrew L. Wilson also sold goods in a log house standing on the site of the upper end of the Central Hotel. At about the same time M. M. Wagner opened a store in a portion of the same house where he now lives; afterward he built the large brick building, where, since the war, his sons, Joseph H. and N. J., have been engaged in business. Archibald Brodfute was another early merchant; his store stood in the south part of the town. George Alderson, Hughes & Davis, and Samuel Kilby were merchants of the town at little later date.
About 1815 or 1846 a county academy was built on the hill north of town. It was a two-story frame building, and about ten years after its completion was destroyed by fire. The first teacher in this school is said to have been William Smithpeter, who was suc- ceeded by Prof. Austin. About 1870 a three-story brick building was begun by Taylors- ville Lodge, No. 243, F. & A. M., but was not completed until three or four years later. A school known as the Masonic Institute was then opened under the direction of Rer. James Keys and Rev. Thomas W. Hughes. The institution has since been successfully maintained. The present principal is William Keys, assisted by Henry F. Ketron.
After the establishment of the town the society of Baptists known as Roane Creek Church, who had worshiped at or near Shown's Cross Roads, removed to Taylorsville. and about 1858 completed the present brick house. This work was largely effected through the efforts of M. M. Wagner and Rufus Moore, the latter of whom has been clerk of the church for more than half a century.
Soon after the completion of the courthouse the Methodists began holding services there, and continued until about 1858, when a small brick church was erected. A few years after the war this building was sold for debt, and was purchased by members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Mr. A. Murphy furnishing the greater part of the funds.
The town now has a population of about 400. In 1885 its name was changed from Taylorsville to Mountain City, which from its location as one of the highest val- leys of Tennessee is very appropriate. The business of the town is now conducted by the following persons: A. A. Murphy's son. James S. Mitchell, C. C. Yarbrough. gen- eral merchandise, and R. S. McDade, druggist. The first named is also the proprietor of a tannery.
The leading newspaper of the county is the Tennessee Tomuharck, edited and pub- lished by W. R. Keys. It was established as the Tuylorsrille Reporter, and received its present name after the change in the name of the town. The Mountain City Noes is a small two-column folio which was recently established by C. C. Yarbrough.
From the organization of the county to the present time the officers have been as follows: County Clerks-R. C. White, 1836-40: A. Bradfute, 1840-44: A. T. Wilson. 1844-48; A. Bradfute; 1848-52; R. L. Wilson, 1852-60: Calloway Elrod, 1860-62:Frederick Slimp. 1862-64: John K. Hughes, 1864-65; R. E. Berry, 1865-70; Richard H. Butler. 1870-78; John A. Eggers, 1878-82; R. E Berry, 1882.
Clerks of the Circuit Court-A. D. Smith, 1836-56: James W. Wright, 1856-60: Fred- erick Slimp, 1865-70; R. E. Berry, 1870-68; W. P Sharp, 1878-$2; E. F. Johnson, 188.
KNOX COUNTY. 925
Clerks and Masters -- A. D. Smith, 1856-60; Green Moore, 1860 -: Thomas S. Smythe, 1866-68; J. II. Smith, 1868-73; R. A. Donnelly, 1873.
Registers-David H. Wagner, 1836-40; Alfred T. Wilson, 1840-44; Joseph Slimp, 1844-46; A. Bradfute, 1846-50 M. S. Dickson, 1850-54; William Smithpeter, 1854-56; Daniel Slimp, 1856-64; A. C. McEwen, 1864-65; David Slimp, 1865-70; Francis M. Chap- pell, 1870.
Sheriffs-Reuben White, 1836-40; Calvin J. Moore, 1842-14: Isaac W. McQueen, 1844-30; James W. Wright, 1850-56; Samuel E. McQueen, 1856-60; R. L. Wilson, 1860-64; - Wilson, 1864-65; R. A. Donnelly, 1965-66; I. F. Shown, 1866-72; Joseph A. Sutherland, 1872-71; I. F. Shown, 1874-76; E. F. Johnson, 1876-82; M. L. Moreland, 1882-86; M. L. Moreland, 1886.
Trustees-M. M. Wagner, 1836-52; E. L. Dugger, 1852-54: James D. Donnelly, 1854-58; Benjamin W. Jenkins. 1858-62; R. A. Donnelly, 1862-64; S. E. McQueen, 1864-65; John M. Roberts. 1865-66; Samuel Howard, 1866-68; R. H. Donnelly, 1868-70; Joseph A. Sutherland, 1870-79; C. A. Shown, 1872-74; N. T. Wagner, 1874-76; J. C. Donnelly, 1876-78; R. L. Wilson, 1878-82; James S. Laws, 1882-84; W. L. Johnson, 1884.
KNOX COUNTY.
K NOX COUNTY has a noticeable diversity of configuration and soil. It is character- ized by ridges, between which lie ravines of remarkable fertility. The streams are abundant, but the slopings are too precipitous for favorable drainage. Excellent build- ing stone is abundant.
It is probable that Cols. Evan Shelby and John Montgomery in 1779 were the first white persons to set their feet within the limits of the present Knox County. (See page 19.) Upon their return they carried with them flattering accounts of the rich valleys by which reason settlers soon began to flock in. In 1180 Col. Donelson with his band of pioneers. destined for the renowned Cumberland Valley, passed down the Holston River on their perilous route by water. One of their boats was sunk upon an island, now supposed to lie about two miles above Knoxville.
A year or two later than this. Jeremiah Jack and William Rankin, of Greene County. descended the river to barter corn of the Indians, and also encamped within the limits of the county. In 1783 James White, Robert Love and F. A. Ramsey explored a large section of country, including Knox County, with a view of settlement. In 1785 the gov- ernment of Franklin formed two new counties: Sevier and Caswell, the latter doubtles, comprising the present Knox County. Adam Meek made the first settlement in Quaker Valley. So remote were the settlers that he obtained his meal from Greeneville. Soon after this settlements were made at the head of Flat Creek and Bull Run, and in the forks of the Holston and French Broad. Quite a settlement was formed at Manifold's Station- Cosby. Beard, Bowman and Gibson locating here. Col. James White located on the north bank of the French Broad. Thomas Gillespie, Jeremiah Jack, Robert Armstrong .. Devereaux Gilliam, Archibald Rhea and many others soon settled within the present boundaries of the county. The Gillespies came very near being massacred by the Indians. James Anderson, Moses Brooks, George MeNutt, James Conner, John Adair and scores of others soon arrived. James White and James Conner made the first settlement on the present site of Knoxville. White's Fort was soon formed here. In quick succession were formed Well's. Bennett's. Byrd's, Hackett's, Cavett's, Campbell's and other stations. Col. David Campbell was an early settler. The Indians began to be troublesome, and settlements were formed to take advantage of forts or stations in case of danger. Indian horse thieves gave the settlers great annoyance. At last Gen. Joseph Martin raised a
58
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HISTORY OF TENNESSEE.
body of men, pursued the Indians to the Chickamauga towns, and destroyed their villages and crops. In 1788 a large body of Indians captured Gillespie's Station, and took several prisoners. Gen. Sevier quickly raised a body of rangers or militia, pursued and recaptured the prisoners, besides capturing several Indians who were exchanged for white persons with the Indians. In 1792 two small sons of Mr. Wells, in Hind's Valley, were killed and scalped by six Indians, before the eyes of their father, who was powerless to prevent it. Mr. Gillespie and his son were killed. The militia fully organized, and small detachments were stationed at the various forts: Gamble's, Black's, Henry's, Well's, Ish's. Campbell's. Lowe's, Manifee's, Raccoon Valley and Cavett's. But the militia forces were too small, and the depredations continued. An attack upon the home of Ebenezer Bryam, in Grassy Valley was repulsed. John Pates was killed in 1293 on Crooked Creek. In March fourteen horses were stolen from Flat Creek, and two Clements brothers were killed. In May Thomas Gillem and son were killed. The Cav- ett's were killed by a large body of Indians. Gen. Sevier and a body of men pursued and chastised the Indians, destroying their towns and crops. Roger Oats and Nicholas Ball were killed. James Cosby or Cozby repulsed an attack upon his house. An attack upon the cabin of William Casteel was successful, all being killed except one daughter, who was left for dead. In 1795 George Mann was killed, but his wife repulsed the savages, wounding several. The Harp brothers. two years later, proved as great terrors as the Cherokees and Creeks. They were desperate robbers and murderers, who were finally driven away, and were eventually killed.
In 1795 the census of Knox County, then several times as large as it is at present, was 11,573, of whom 2,365 were slaves. In this year the wagon road to Nashville was opened. About this time a regular mail route was established from Knoxville northeast; George Roul- stone was the postmaster at Knoxville. In 1797 boats began to ascend and descend the river at Knoxville. The first steamboat did not arrive until 1826. It was the " Atlas," commanded by Capt. Connor. The "Knoxville " was the second. This boat was after- ward called the "Indian Chief." Early in the decade of the thirties the subject of a rail- road to East Tennessee began to be discussed. In 1836 the road was projected. but the panic of 1837 ended further action.
June 11, 1792, Knox and Jefferson Counties were ordered laid off. Charles MeClang, James Mabry, Alexander Outlaw and Joseph Hamilton were appointed to lay off the counties. Knox County was immediately organized. Charles McClung was appointed clerk of the courts. The first court was held by James White, chairman, Samuel Newell, David Craig and Jeremiah Jack; Robert Houston was sheriff. Luke Bowyers, Alexander Outlaw, Joseph Hamilton, Archibald Roane, Hopkins Lacy, John Rhea and James Reese were admitted to practice law. Roads were projected and laid out, and soon county affairs were in running order. A temporary courthouse and a jail were erected: both were of logs. April 25, 1796, began the first courts under the State constitution. In 1797 a permanent county seat was selected at Knoxville, and new county buildings were erected. In 1820 a new jail was built. In 1836, when the new constitution went into effect, the county was divided into seventeen civil districts. In January, 1839. a new courthouse was built at a cost of about $10.000. In 1839 a poor-farm was purchased. In 1873 a work-house was established. In 1856-57 a new jail was built, but it was so damaged during the war that in 1866 another was erected at a cost of $18.000. In 1874 the bridge was completed over the river at Knoxville, at a cost of over $163.000. In May. 1875. it was blown down and destroyed. The present bridge was opened in March, ISSO. In 1885-86 the new courthouse was built at a cost of $136.000, which includes fence, pavement, etc.
The following is a list of the officers of Knox County since its organization.
Sheriff's -- Robert Houston, 1792-1802; John Love, 1802-03; Joseph Love. 1803-14: John Calloway, 1814-26; George M. White, 1826-34; William Dunlap. 1834-38: Samuel McCamimon. 1838-50; William Craig, 1850-56: William P. Crippin. 1856-62; William H. Swan, 1862-64; Marcus D. Bearden. 1864-70: V. F. Gossett. 1870-74; M. D. Swan, 1874-76: Alexander Reeder, 1876-80; C. B. Gossett, 1880-82; Homer Gilmore, 1992-86; J. K. Lones, 1886.
927
KNOX COUNTY.
Clerks of the county court --- Charles MeClung, 1792-1831; George M. White, 1831-36; Moses M. Swan. 1836-44; George W. C. Cox, 1844-56; William Craig, 1856-66; William Rule. 1866-71; J. S. A. Blang. 1871-74: J. F. J. Lewis, 1974-86; John W. Conner, 1886.
Trustees-Samuel Newell, 1793-94; Charles McClung, 1794-1806; John Hillsman, 1806-12; Robert Houston, 1812-30; Samuel Love, 1830-38; George W. C. Cox, 1838-44; William McCammon, 1841-52; Samuel McCammon, 1852-54; Hiram Barry, 1851-68; H. L. W. Mynatt, 1868-70: James S. Boyd, 1870-72; B. F. Bearden, 1872-76: W. A. Ander- son, 1870-78; W. H. Swan, 1878-82; B. F. Bearden, 1882-84; J. A. Swan, 1384.
Registers-Thomas Chapman, 1792-1803; Samuel G. Ramsey, 1803-17; J. G. M. Ram- sey, 1817 -; J. G. M. Ramsey, 1829-36: W. R. Bowen, 1836-40; Henry B. Newman, 1840-49; J. C. Luttrell, 1848-56; A. S. Hudiburg, from January to March, 1856; R. H. Camp. bell, 1856-60: T. J. Burkhart, 1880-64; A. T. Cottrell. 1864-63; R. L. Hall, 1868-69; L. H. Bowlus, 1869-70; Charles Morrow; 1870-82; W. R. Carter, 1882.
Clerks of the circuit court-F. A. Ramsey, 1810-20; William Swan, 1820-86; George M. White. 1836-52: M. L. Hall, 1852-64; Stephen H. Smith, 1864-66; W. R. McBath, 1866-70; E. W. Adkins, 1870-$2: W. B. Ford, 1882.
Clerks of the criminal court-H. C. Tarwater, 1870-73; W. H. Swan, 1873-74; George . L. Maloney, 1874-82; W. F. Gibbs, 1882.
Clerks and masters of the chancery court-W. B. A. Ramsey, 1832-48; Hugh L. McClung, 1848-57; Samuel A. White, 1857-59: David A. Deaderiek, 1859-70; M. L. Patter. son, 1870-82; S. P. Evans. 1882.
The court of pleas and quarter sessions was organized in 1702. In October, 1793, the superior court was established, David Campbell, judge. The first indictment for murder was against Abongphohigo, a Creek Indian. John Rhea defended him. John Carey was interpreter. In 1831, under the new penal code, the whipping post, pillory, and branding were abolished. In 1810 the superior court of law and equity was super- seded by the supreme court of errors and appeals. Circuit courts were established this year, and James Trimble was judge. Edward Scott, his successor, served from 1816 to 1844. In 1832 the chancery court was organized. W. B. Reese was the first chancellor. Among the early members admitted to the Knoxville bar were Willie Blount, John Cocke, William Cocke, W. C. C. Claiborne, Ephraim Dunlap, David Greer, John Sevier, Jr. John Lowry, Samuel Mitchell, John McKee, John Gray, D. W. Breazeale, Hugh L. White, Jenkin Whiteside, John Wilkinson, Benjamin Seawell, George W. Campbell, John F. Jack, James Porter, John Kennedy, Edward Scott. Pleasant M. Miller, John Williams, James Trimble, Samuel Love, Andrew White, Thomas Dardis, Thomas Emerson, J. D. Barnard. William Thompson. N. W. Williams, Luke Lea, William MeNutt, Enoch Parsons. Will- iam Brown, Joel Casey and George W. Gibbs. Judges White and Williams became very eminent.
Knox County bore a conspicuous part in the early Indian wars. In 1813 Col. John Williams recruited the Thirty-ninth Regiment of United States Volunteers. Thomas H. Benton, afterward the famous Missouri United States senator, was lieutenant-colonel. This regiment participated in the battle of the Horseshoe. It was mustered out in June, 1815. In 1836 a company under Capt. James Morrow was dispatched for the Seminole war. Companies under Capts. W. R. Caswell and J. T. Council, took part in the war with Mexico in 1846-47. Knoxville was an important point during the civil war. This subject is treated so fully elsewhere in this volume that no further mention will be made here.
In 1791 Knoxville was made the seat of the territorial government. The town was not laid off, however until 1792. In 1791 the celebrated Treaty of Holston was held here, and there were no houses at this time but shanties. The town was named in honor of Gen. Henry Knox, Secretary of War. The early merchants were mainly on State Street. The Cowan store was one of the earliest. The town grew quite rapidly. In 1794 the territorial assembly convened at Knoxville, in the barracks. Knoxville became an aristocratie point. Here Gov. Blount resided. In 1796 there were about forty houses in the place.
The constitutional convention of that year met in the office of David Henley, an agent of the war department. In 1510 there was a population of about 400. In 1811 the Bank
928
HISTORY OF TENNESSEE.
of Tennessee was incorporated; in 1828 it was closed. In 1820 a branch of the State bank was established at Knoxville. In 1809 the Knoxville Water Company was incorporated. Logs bored through the center were used to bring water from McCampbell's spring, two miles north of town. The plan was not successful. In 1830 the town contained a popu- lation of about 1,500, and was an important distributing point. Commercial interests were large. At one time there were no less than eighteen boats plying between Knox- ville and other points on the river. In 1833 a branch of the Union Bank of Nashville was opened. In 1854 the cholera swept off a few citizens. Between 1850 and 1860 the town grew very rapidly in commercial importance. This was mainly due to the construction of the railroads. The Bank of East Tennessee, the Miners and Manufacturers Bank. the Ocoee Bank, the Bank of Knoxville, the Farmer's Bank and the Branch of the State Bank were founded during this memorable period. Manufacturing enterprises flourished exceedingly. Machine shops, flouring-mills, paper-mills, foundrys. tanneries, saw mills, cotton-mills, cabinet shops, carding machines, spinning factories, wagon shops, wool carding mills, chair factories, etc., arose in all directions. When the late war broke out the town contained about 3.000 souls. The real growth of the place has been since the war. It now has a population of about 30,000. The population in 1870 was 9,000. In 1865 there was about $20,000 invested in manufacturing enterprises; now there is $2,500, - 000. It now has the largest wholesale trade of any city of its size in the United States. Its commercial transactions in 1886 were $11,285,000. It now has all the appointments of the important city which it is.
The early newspaper history is given in the State history. The city was incorporated in 1815. In 1853 the market-house was built, and in 1867, the city hall. In 1869 the United States building was begun.
In 1794 Blount College was founded (see elsewhere). East Tennessee College was established very early. In 1827 the Knoxville Female Academy was established. It was transferred to the Holston Conference in 1842. The system of public schools of Knoxville was originated in 1870. About 1,000 children attended the first year. The Knoxville College is an educational institution of a later origin.
Concord is a small town in Knox County. It is an important point for marble pro- duction, and is a lively little place. Lenoir's, Bearden, Ebenezer, Caswell and McMillan are also small towns of the county.
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