USA > Tennessee > The military annals of Tennessee. Confederate. First series: embracing a review of military operations, with regimental histories and memorial rolls, V.1 > Part 56
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Brown, Daniel, d. June 10, 1862.
Hughes, Hiram, d. Jan. 12, 1863.
York, Pleasant, d. Oct. 20, 1861.
COMPANY C. Captain, John B. Hodges.
McClure, Samuel, k. at Murfreesboro.
Tapp, William, k. at Murfreesboro.
Sumptor, George W., k. at Murfreesboro.
Hunter, Esquire, k. at Missionary Ridge.
Fulkerson, Capt. J. W., k. at Missionary Ridge.
Hunter, E., k. at Fishing Creek.
Brooks, William P., d. Nov., 1861.
Cline, George M., d. Dec., 1861.
COMPANY D. Captain, James G. Rice.
Brewer, C. F., k. in battle.
Baker, Fielder, k. in battle.
Coffee, Marrell, k. in battle.
Green, Andrew, k. in battle.
Levacy, Joseph, k. in battle.
Mills, J. C., d. June, 1862. Burnett, Hiram B., d. May 14, 1862. Belcher, Thomas, d. May, 1862.
Grundy, John P., d. Jan., 1862.
Depew, William R., d. Jan., 1863.
Farris, William J., d. April 14, 1863. Green, Andrew J., d. May 27, 1863. Hopkins, Sterling, d. March, 1863.
Hurley, Harrison, d. April 25, 1862. Hatfield, Henry. d. Aug. 1, 1863. Johnson, Joseph, d. March, 1862. James, Jacob, d. April. 1962. Morefield, James, d. Nov., 1863. Rhea, Abijah, d. Oct., 1862. Reedy, Rufus, d. Aug., 1863. Stacy, George W., d. April, 1863. Williams, Alfred, d. March, 1862. Wolf, James F., d. Jan., 1862. Wolfenbarger, G. F., d. Jan., 1863. Whitt, Thomas W., d. Sept., 1861.
COMPANY E. Captains : L. N. Kyle and A. K Blevins.
Smith, George, k. in battle. Boyd, James, k. in battle. Brown, Joseph, d. during service.
Hilton, John, d. during service. Johnson. Cooper, d. during service. Kite, Reuben, d. during service.
Debusk, Elisha, d. Nov. 1, 1863. Houston, W. J., K. in a skirmish. McNero, J. W .. k. in battle. Priddy, William, d. Nov .. 1863.
Patillow, James, drowned Aug., 1863. Suinmay, William, d. Ang. 5, 1862. Sprinkles, Andrew, d. April, 1862.
Witt, A. J., d. Feb. 28, 1862. Williamson, Thompson, d. Dec. 19, 1802.
McMahon, Horace, d. during service.
440
MILITARY ANNALS OF TENNESSEE.
COMPANY F. Cap tain, J. B. Johnson.
Wells, C. H., K. at Chickamauga.
Cross, MI. V., d. May 18, 1862.
Fraker, E. T., k. at Chickamauga.
Davantt, Win., J. Feb. 25, 1862.
Miller, C. W., k. at Murfreesboro. Dyle. Thomas F., d. Sept. 1, 1801.
Linville, Wm., k. at Murfreesboro.
I Harris, W. W., d. Feb. 25, 1862.
Boyles, Samuel, k. at Fishing Creek.
Hucks, B. F., d. June 24, 1862.
Archer, Win., d. April 14, 1569.
Hunt, Win., d. Oct. 20, 1801.
Bowman, Daniel, d. at Atlanta, Ga.
Rutherford, J. B., d. at Knoxville.
COMPANY G. Captain, Isaac E. Reeves.
Shipley, Joseph C., k. at Murfreesboro.
Bowry, John, d. May, 1862.
Chinnouth, Richard, d. Dec., 1801.
Crook, Demareu-, d. Dec , 1961.
Oliver, Samuel C., d. March, 1×62. Pennybaker, Benj., d. Oct., brol.
Collins, Uriah R., k. in battle.
Collins, Samuel H., d. Oct. 19, 1863.
Dallison, James W., d. Feb .. 1862.
Ford, Nelson, d. Dec. 15, 1862.
Pennybaker, Alfred. d. Nov., Istl. Slade, Bartholomew, di. June, 1862. Hutfinan, John J., d. July, 1863.
COMPANY H. Captain, J. W. Henshaw.
White, E. K., k. at Murfreesboro.
Houston, Isaac, k. at Murfreesboro.
| Me Kenry, J. F., k. at Chickamauga. ¡ Smith, Joseph, d. at Knoxville. Burges, John, d. Dec. 24, 1861.
Click, Morton, k. at Murfreesboro.
Knight, T. M., k. at Murfreesboro.
Davis. T. M .. d. at Columbus, Miss.
Houston, John, k. at Missionary Ridge.
King, H. M., d. Feb., 1x63. .. Swartzel, S. J., d. July 20, 1862.
Cook, George, k. at Nashville.
Hucks, James, k. at Farmington.
COMPANY I. Captain, Jackson D. Bushong.
Justice, W. C .. k. a: Chickamauga. Cochran, R. D., k. at Chickamauga.
Collins, J. K. P., k. at Chickamauga.
Collins, Elihu, k. at Chickamauga. Wagron, Josiah, k. at Murfreesboro. Dorman, John, k. at Murfreesboro. Guthrie, Jonathan. k. at Murfreesboro. Lister, Robert, k. at Murfreesboro. Colyer, N. K., k. at Missionary Ridge. Alshire, Wm., d. April 1, 1862. Bibble, E., d. April 11, 1863. Bibble, Adam, d. April 14, 1863. Caldwell, James, d.
Lister, William, d. March 14, 1563. Linder, Thomas, d. June 14, 1862. Mayfield, John, d. during service. Mayfield, Wyatt. d. during service. Nelson, John. d. June 14, 1862. Oakes, Alfred, d. April 9, 1863. Prewett, Henry, d. April 19, 1×63. Turner, John. k. at Murfreesboro. Wallace, T. F., k. at Murfreesboro. Taylor, T. J., d. Sept., 1863. Webster, Benjamin, d. during service.
COMPANY K. Captain, Geo. A. Edmonds.
Arnold, Wm., sr., k. at Chickamauga. Rice, James, k. at Missionary Ridge. Shelton, Reuben, k. at Missionary Ridge. Surgener, Manson M., k. at Perryville. Britton, Joseph M. d. April 29, 1863. Britton, John, d Barnard, Nathan, d. Dec. 15, 1861. Barrett, Stephen, d. Dec. 28, 1861.
¡ Crawford, Wm., sr .. d. May 25, 1862. Crawford, Wm., jr., d. Aux. 5. 1872. Dalton, Berry, d. Sept. 1, 18C1. Davis, Alexander R., d. March 13, 1863.
Dalton, Tobias, d. Oct. 8, Is63. Luster, David. d. July, 1862. Long. Lewis, d. Oct. 1x, 1862. Mowl, Richard, d. Sept. 1, 1861.
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Wilson, John, k. at Missionary Ridge.
[ Farnsworth. D. M., d. Oct. 8, 1962. Gilmore, John, d. March, 1863. Hagan, William, d. May, 1863. Knight, William, d. May, 1863.
Dunwoody, Joseph, d. Oct., 1863. Easterly, Abraham. d. Sept. 1861. Elwood, Thomas C., d.
Fulkerson, George, d. July, 1862. King, Landon H., d. Jan , 1x62. Malcolin, E. D., d. March. 1862.
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REGIMENTAL HISTORIES AND MEMORIAL ROLLS.
Williams, Jease, d. April 11, 1863. Patterson, Alexander, d. July 20, 1863. Roberty, Jesse, d. Nov. 25, 1863. Stone, John, d. Dec. 12, 1×63. Staples, Wm., d. Ang .. 1862. Sisson, James, d. Aug., 1862.
Smith, George, d. Jan. 30, 1862.
Strone, John, d. Jan. 30, 1:02. Smith, Edward, d. March 26, 1863.
Tucker, Yamy, d. Nov. 29. 1553.
Thacker, Michael, d. Sep :. 30. 1863. Underwood, John, d. Sept. 25, 1862.
THIRTIETH TENNESSEE INFANTRY. BY J. J. TURNER, GALLATIN, TENN.
THIS regiment, of some nine hundred and seventy-five rank and file, was raised in the latter part of the summer of 1861, in the counties of Sumner, Robertson, Smith, and Davidson. It was organized the first week in October, and soon went into camp at Red Springs. The officers were: J. W. Head, Colonel; R. H. Mur- phy, Lieutenant-colonel; J. J. Turner, Major; C. S. Douglass, Adjutant; F. M. Duffy, Assistant Quartermaster; J. C. Bridgewater, Assistant Commissary; J. M. Head, Surgeon; J. S. Lane, Assistant Surgeon; I. L. Roach, Sergeant-major; and G. W. Featherston, Chaplain. The several companies were commanded by Cap- tains B. G. Bidwell, W. A. Buntin, J. L. Jones, Wm. Mays, W. T. Sample, J. H. Turner, J. L. Carson, W. A. Lovell, H. Barksdale, and T. C. Martin.
In November the regiment was ordered to Fort Donelson, where the Tenth Tennessee Regiment had been located some time, with the exception of a few companies at Fort Henry. We were soon joined by Col. Bailey's Forty-ninth Tennessee Regiment, Col. Suggs's Fiftieth Tennessee Regiment, Maj. Colmis's First Tennessee Battalion, and Capt. MeCoot's company of cavalry that belonged to Col. Forrest's celebrated cavalry command. Soon after our arrival there Gen. Tilgh- man was placed in command of the defenses of the Cumberland and Tenneste rivers; but owing to the small number of troops and the want of heavy artillery, little had been done to protect these points against the formidable land and naval forces that were rapidly preparing to invade Tennessee by these rivers. With the aid of the new regiments and a large force of negroes, the fortifications and defenses on the rivers were pushed with great vigor during the months of November, December, and January, and the forts were about completed, and all of our large guns placed in position and protected by heavy earth-works. We were fully apprised of the vast preparations by the land and naval forces of the enemy to attack both positions so soon as the rivers should rise.
During the first days of February both rivers commenced to rise rapidly, and we had learned of our defeat at Fishing Creek and the advance of Buell on Bowl- ing Green, and that the Federal fleet and army were coming up the Tennessee River. Every hour we expected to hear the clash of arms. About 12 A.M. Feb- ruary 6 we could distinctly hear the booming of heavy artillery at Fort Henry. It soon increased to a regular roar, and all knew what it meant. The long roll was beat, and soon the regiments at Fort Donelson started to the aid of their com- rades; but on arriving in a few miles of Fort Henry we met the infantry in full retreat, and badly disorganized.
The engagement had lasted some three hours. The river was so high that the gun-boats were able to come up very close, and by reason of the superior number
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MILITARY ANNALS OF TENNESSEE.
and size of their artillery -- having forty-three heavy guns, and the fort but eleven medium pieces-they nearly demolished the fort, disabled most of our artillery, and forced the garrison of some eighty, including Gen. Tilghinan and staff, to sur- render. Seven out of the eleven of Gen. Tilghinan's guns were disabled, yet he hit the gun-boats fifty-nine times, and greatly injured them. The Confederate in- fantry numbered two thousand six hundred and ten, and seventy-five artillerymen, while the Federal infantry numbered some sixteen thousand. The former were soon compelled to retreat rapidly or be captured.
The troops from Fort Henry were at once reorganized and their wants supplied. Reinforcements commenced to arrive in a day or two from Nashville, Bowling Green, and Hopkinsville, and by the evening of the 12th of February our entire force consisted of some twelve thousand five hundred, but badly armed and clothed. Few of them had ever been under fire. In the meantime the fleet of gun-boats at Fort Henry had descended the Tennessee River and come up the Cumberland to within a short distance of Fort Donelson. The Federal infantry from Fort Henry had marched across the country, and some twenty-five thousand of their infantry and cavalry were landed below us under cover of the gun-boats. On Wednesday, the 12th, the gun-boats came up in sight of our batteries and com- plimented them with a few shell, the fire being promptly returned. In the mean- time Col. Forrest, with his own and Gant's cavalry, felt of the enemy, and found he was gradually surrounding us and preparing for an early assault.
On Wednesday evening Gens. Pillow, Buckner, Floyd, and Johnston had fully organized our forces, arranged the line of battle, and commenced a line of earth- works, beginning at the fort near the river and extending in a semi-circle some three miles to the river above Dover. By Thursday morning these ritle-pits were sutii- cient to protect our infantry against small arms, but not against artillery. About one month before the siege Capt. B. G. Bidwell, of the Thirtieth Tennessee Regi- ment, and Capt. T. W. Beaumont, of the Fiftieth Tennessee Regiment, with their companies, were assigned to the batteries at the river, none of them having had any military experience previous to that time.
Our guns consisted of a ten-inch Columbiad, a sixty-four pounder rifle, eight smooth-bore thirty-two pounders, and two carronades of little value, and in the fort a large howitzer and two ten-pounders. The batteries were under command of Capt. Dixon, of the engineer corps, an able and experienced officer.
On Thursday, February 18, about 10 A.M., the gun-boat "Carondelet" came in sight and opened on our batteries, firing one hundred and thirty-nine seventy-five pound and sixty-four pound shells, which were well replied to. One of the last shots from this boat disabled a thirty-two pounder commanded by Capt. Bidwell and killed Capt. Dixon, after which Capt. Jacob Culbertson took command of the heavy artillery. The "Carondelet" was badly injured, having been shot through, and losing some twelve men killed and wounded; but she was repaired for action that night. On Friday, the 14th, about 3 P.M., the fleet-having been equipped for the fight by chains, lumber, and bags of coal to protect their decks and sides-ad- vanced upon the batteries. The fleet was commanded by Flag-officer Foote, and consisted of the iron-clads "Carondelet," "St. Louis," "Louisville," and "Pitts- burg," and the wooden gun-boats "Taylor" and "Conestoga." The entire fleet advanced, keeping up a constant fire, the iron-clads being in front and the wooden boats following. As soon as they were in range the batteries opened on them,
0
443
REGIMENTAL HISTORIES AND MEMORIAL ROLLS.
and one of the severest and most terrible contests of the war ensued, lasting for about one hour. The fleet came within three hundred yards of the batteries, each firing as rapidly as possible. Our battery had only twelve guns, and the riffed piece was soon disabled by a careless gunner. The guns of the fleet numbered at least sixty, and were much superior in size. Iron-clad and wooden gun-boats had before this been a terror to infantry and land batteries; but our raw yet brave and determined men, under command of Capts. Culbertson, Bidwell, and Beaumont, stood to their guns, continued to fire with the precision and steadiness of trained veterans, and demonstrated their superiority over gun-boats. The fight closed by the retreat of the entire fleet, all of their boats having been severely injured or disabled, and with a heavy loss of officers and men, including Flag-officer Foote. Our batteries did not have a casualty to men or guns after the first day. Capt. Bidwell estimated that the fleet fired two thousand shot and shell, and the batteries about four hundred shots, which was admitted by the Federal officers. The fleet lost ten killed and forty-four wounded, and all their boats were badly disabled. The accuracy and coolness of our gunners are shown by the fact that the "Carondelet" alone was struck fifty-four times, as since conceded by Rear- admiral Walker; and Flag-officer Foote admits that the "St. Louis" was hit be- tween wind and water fifty-nine times by our batteries. This relieved us from all danger from the gun-boats, and when known the rebel yell was heard for miles, as all feared the result-Major Gilmer, chief engineer, having informed our Gen- erals that the boats could pass our batteries.
During Thursday and Friday the Thirtieth Tennessee was situated between Drake's and Heiman's brigades, in the trenches, and was not actively engaged, though in full view of Gen. Logan's attack on Heiman's position, protected by Ma- ney's battery, and various repulses of the enemy. While in this situation we were constantly annoyed by the Federal sharp-shooters and artillery in our front, and by shell from the rear during the gun-boat fight. On Saturday, about 3 A.M., I re- ceived an order to move the regiment to the extreme right, and occupy the trenches then held by Buckner's division. Owing to the fact that when the order was re- ceived Lieut .- col. Murphy was sick and Col. Head unwell, both being at the fort, and as my men had scarcely slept for three days and nights, and had lain in the trenches for two days and nights in the mud, rain, sleet, and snow, without fire or adequate clothing to protect them from such exposure, it was hard to arouse them and get ready to march. We were delayed by the sleet in marching through the wood-, and therefore did not arrive till nearly day, filing into the trenches while Buck- ner's division moved to the extreme east of our position, to make an opening for the escape of all save the garrison brigades. Col. Head took six companies and occupied the left of the position, while I took the companies of Capts. Carson, Sample, and Martin, and occupied the trenches on the extreme right, so as to pro- tect the water batteries and connect with the fort.
At daylight the Federal sharp-shooters opened on us from every available point. to which we could make no reply by reason of our short-range guns; so we had to keep well under cover or be picked off. A more cheerless day we never spent. It was cloudy and very cold. For five hours we could hear the clash of arms on the east, and we expected the army to go out, leaving us to hold the fort and sur- render. During the night and day the Federals had been reenforced by some twelve thousand fresh troops from the transports below us, who were in position
441
MILITARY ANNALS OF TENNESSEE.
to attack us by 2 p.M. About 2:30 r.M. the fight seemed to cease on the left or eastern part of our line, while in our front we could see and hear the Federals landing and moving into position preparatory to an attack on our position. Fear- ing an immediate attack, I ordered my officers to keep a careful watch. About 3:30 p.M. Capt. Carson informed me that the Federals were moving on the works in large numbers. I at once mounted my horse and rode to a point overlooking our works, and conld see the enemy in two lines, and numbering several thousand, moving rapidly upon us. I immediately ordered my men into position and to hold their fire until the enemy were at close range, which was obeyed to the let- ter. Just at this moment I saw the advance of Buckner's division arriving in sight. headed by Col. Hanson's gallant Second Kentucky and followed by the Third and Thirty-second Tennessee regiments. I galloped up to Col. Hanson, who was in front, and asked for aid. Without a word he double-quicked his men up to near the position of Capts. Carson and Sample, who with their men were contesting the ground with a courage I have never seen surpassed. In overwhelming numbers the enemy came over our works, and forced us to fall back with heavy loss to an interior and shorter line. At this point we were reenforced by all of Buckner's division, Porter's battery, the Thirtieth, Forty-ninth, and Fiftieth Tennessee, and Colms's Battalion. The Federals had here concentrated a very large force, but we held them in check till dark, when firing ceased. Our aggregate loss in this last fight before the surrender was not heavy. The Federal loss, however, was very severe, as I saw the next day in passing over the battle-field and from the reports of the various commands.
The Second Iowa and Twenty-fifth Indiana, that first charged the works held by my three companies, lost three hundred and thirteen men killed and wounded. The Federal charge at this point was made by Lauman's brigade of thirty-three hundred, and was headed by Gen. C. F. Smith, and they were reenforced till they numbered not less than ten thousand. This closed the fighting at Fort Donelson, which lasted four days and nights, and nearly every contest had been a victory for the Confederates. The Federals had been heavily reenforced day and night until their forces numbered some fifty-five thousand men, while the Confederates never exceeded thirteen thousand, and with no hope of being reenforced or getting ad- ditional supplies.
At a conference of the general officers on Friday night it was determined to cut out on Saturday-leaving the garrison brigade consisting of the Thirtieth, Forty- ninth, and Fiftieth Tennessee, Colms's Battalion, and the heavy artillery to hold the fort and western part of the works, while the remainder cut through and escaped. This order was carried out, but from some cause Gen. Pillow ordered the troops back, after they had repulsed the enemy and were ready to retreat and save them- selves.
At a general conference in Dover Saturday night it was agreed that the Con- federates could not longer hold their position and resist the immense army that surrounded them. Gens. Pillow, Floyd, and Col. Forrest were unwilling to be surrendered, and Floyd and Forrest escaped with their commands. Our brigade had formed to go out about midnight, and got as far as Dover and there remained till 3 A.M. awaiting orders, the most of the men from sheer exhaustion sleeping on the frozen ground. I then received orders to march back to the fort, hoist the white flag, and prepare for a surrender; and while going back we met Col. Forrest
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REGIMENTAL HISTORIES AND MEMORIAL ROLLS.
moving out. I was left in command of the regiment, and on Sunday morning, Feb. 16, the entire army-except Floyd's and Forrest's commands -- about nine thou- sand officers and men, surrendered; the Federal force then numbering over fifty thousand.
The surrender was a surprise to nearly every one, as the army was not demor- alized or discouraged, for during the four days fighting it inflicted upon its oppo- nents a loss of some five to one of its own loss. The universal sentiment of off- cers and men was that the surrender was unnecessary, and could have been pre- vented by going out and retreating Saturday; second, by going out Saturday night and following the route taken by that gallant and intrepid soldier, N. B. Forrest; or third, by crossing the troops to the north bank of the river, and letting thein escape in detail.
The surrender was a sad blow to the Confederacy, as it forced a speedy evacu- ation of Kentucky and Middle Tennessee, and must now be regarded as the result of incompetency and bad generalship.
The scene of Sunday's surrender will never be forgotten by a Confederate soldier who had to witness and go through its sickening details and humiliation.
On Monday night my regiment and Palmer's Eighteenth Tennessee, number- ing some fourteen hundred, were embarked on one boat like so many cattle and shipped to St. Louis, suffering for several days from cold, exposure, and poor ra- tions, and without any means of cooking them.
At St. Louis the privates were sent to Camp Butler, Illinois; and the officers were shipped to Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio, in box cars, without fire and with- out rations, except hard-tack and bacon, which we had no way to cook. A humane farmer would not have confined his hogs in such a pen as Camp Chase was in March, 1862. It was commanded by Col. Granville Moody, who had left the pulpit to insult and mistreat unarmed prisoners.
In a few days the field and staff officers were sent to Fort Warren, Boston, and the company officers to Johnson's Island, near Sandusky, Ohio. Our trip to Fort Warren was under the charge of Maj. Smith, of the old army, and we were well provided for in every respect; and it seemed that the entire Yankee nation came out to see the Rebels at the various depots and cities. Boston turned out some twenty thousand strong to see us marched under guard from the depot through the principal streets to the wharf, where we took a boat for Fort Warren, a dis- tance of nine miles.
Gens. Buckner and Tilghman had preceded us to Fort Warren, but were placed in solitary confinement under instructions from Secretary Stanton, and they so remained till a few days before our exchange. We found imprisoned at this point some fifty of the most distinguished men of Maryland, and a number of privateers; and very soon the Confederate officers captured at Island No. 10 and New Orleans joined us, and in July a number of Confederate officers from around Richmond arrived. Col. Dimmick, of the old army, commanded this fort, and our treatment was all that could have been asked by prisoners of war.
We were paroled to the island during the day, were given good quarters, plenty of coal, and first-class rations, and were permitted to receive any thing we needed from a friend, or purchase the same.
Our rebel friends of Baltimore, Louisville, and other points, soon supplied all our physical wants, and we passed our time pleasantly and profitably in reading
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MILITARY ANNALS OF TENNESSEE.
the daily newspapers, various works on tactics and military matters, and in dis- cussing military questions with friend and foe. The memory of Fort Warren, and the kind and chivalrous officers who commanded it, will ever remain fresh in the minds of Confederate officers, and in strong contrast to many prisons where our officers were confined.
The treatment of the company officers and privates was the reverse of our treatment at Fort Warren. Their rations were just enough to barely sustain life, and many acts of tyranny and brutality were inflicted upon them.
On the last day of July, 1862, all of the Confederate military and naval officers at Fort Warren were ordered aboard the splendid steamer "Ocean Queen," and shipped to Fort Monroe for exchange; and after being detained there till Mcclellan could move his troops to meet the movement of Gen. Lee into Pennsylvania, we were exchanged at Harrison's Landing, near Richmond. After seeing the sights of Richmond, including President Davis, Benjamin, and other celebrities, we left for Vicksburg, to await the company officers and privates of the various commands that were exchanged there early in September. The exchanged prisoners were ordered into camp at Jackson, and were directed to organize into regiments and brigades.
The writer was elected without opposition to the command of the Thirtieth Tennessee; and Capts. Sample, Turner, Jones, Carson, Lovell, and Buntin were retained in the new organization; Capt. Hibbett took the place of Capt. Barks- dale; Capt. Douglass the place of Capt. Mays, who had died in prison; Capt. Crockett the place of Capt. B. G. Bidwell, who was elected Major; Capt. S. R. Simpson was made Quartermaster; Capt. W. G. Pond, Commissary; E. T. Bush, Adjutant; Dr. J. M. Head was continued as Surgeon of the regiment, and Dr. R. Nuckols Assistant Surgeon.
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