History of Buffalo County Wisconsin 10847607, Part 1

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EI


THOMAS A. HOLMES.


HISTORY


OF


BUFFALO COUNTY,


WISCONSIN.


BY L. KESSINGER. =


ALMA, BUFFALO COUNTY, WIS .: 1888.


1695749


Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1888, by 1 L. KESSINGER, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.


PREFACE.


When, about a year ago, I commenced work on the book, which now lies before the reader, I expected to present it much sooner to the public. It would be perfectly useless to enumerate any of the causes of the delay, but it is not to be denied that the book itself has unquestionably gained by it. Such as it is I commit it to the judgment of the readers, and beyond such apologies as have been made at different points for special reasons, I do not feel in- clined to make any further.


The arrangement of the book is by topics. To proceed by towns would have compelled much useless repetition, and would have narrowed the horizon of investigation and history. . In some cases that arrangement would have been impossible. A perusal of the index will in a very short time furnish the clue to every matter reasonably expected to be related in the book.


Perfection is not claimed, but in justice it is to be supposed that I did the best I could under the circumstances. Not being myself an admirer of long preliminaries, it can not be my inten- tion to inflict any such upon my readers.


To the many friends, who have contributed to the work, I have, in most cases given due acknowledgment and thanks at the particular points, in which they helped and encouraged me. If, as is still possible, any one should have been omitted, I hope he will pardon the oversight, which certainly was not intentional.


Alma, Buffalo Co., Wis., Dec. 19. 1887.


L. KESSINGER.


INDEX.


A695749 INDEX.


A


PAGE:


Table of dates when land came into market.


369


Entries in Mineral Point. 370


La Crosse Land Office. 370


Table of land and its value 375


of Grain products 378


" Roots and Potatoes 382 383


Beans and Peas and Sorghum


Greatest Crops 384 385


Table of Seeds


=


" Fruits


386


" Bees and Honey 387 389


" Cattle and Calves


" Dairy Products. 390


" Sheep, Lambs and Wool 391


392


" Hogs.


" Horses and Mules 393


" Agricultural Employees 394


County Fair


396


C


CHARITIES PUBLIC 519


CRIME


516


Statistics of


517


E


EARLY EXPLORATIONS


169


Jean Nicolet .. 169


Marquette and Joliet 174


Louis Joliet. 179


Father Jaques Marquette S. J 180


-


AGRICULTURE


366


INDEX.


V


EARLY EXPLORATIONS (Continued.) PAGE.


Louis Hennepin . .


183


Daniel Greysolon Du Luth 195


Captain Jonathan Carver 199


Carver's Cave. 204


Carver's Grant. 204


Forts on Lake Pepin


207


Nicholas Perrot.


208


Le Sueur.


209 211


EARLY SETTLEMENT


List of first settlers


216 424


EDUCATION.


Superintendence at first after 1861


426 427 428 428


Report of 1855 and 56.


«


1866


428


1885


429


66 1886


429


Teachers of graded schools.


430


Schoolhouses


43 433


Apparatus and furniture.


Employment of teachers 434


Teachers' Institutes 437 School visitation 439 441


Earliest schools and their teachers


Table of these. 443


Private schools 444


Roman Catholic Schools . 445


Norwegian Lutheran Schools 445


Other Protestant School


445


Sunday Schools


446


Art Education


446


Graphic Arts 446


Results. 447


Howard Library Association 449


Literary Societies 449


Reading Circle .. 450


Educational Columns 451


V


1876.


vi


INDEX.


EARLIER MARRIAGES


PAGE. 483


Early Settlers, list of


557 to 608


GEOLOGY.


G


22


Geological formation


22


Geol. Report-Range Ten West.


25


Range Eleven West


26


Twelve “


27


Thirteen "


Fourteen“


Buffalo County


Trempealeau Mountain


Geological Formations.


Geol. Periods and Epochs


Potsdam Sandstone


Artesian Wells


Lower Magnesian Limestone


Economical Products


St. Peters Sandstone


Galena Limestone


Quarternary Formation.


Glacial Period .


Champlain Period


36 36 37


Present changes.


38


Iron Mines new. 39


former


40


I


INDIAN HISTORY


87


Difficulties


88


Traders


89


Missionaries


Pronunciation and Translation


90 93 96


INDIANS


Algonquins


97


Iroquois-Hurons


98


Dakotas or Sioux


98


28 28 29 30 30 31 31 33 33 34 35 35 35 35


Recent Period.


Fall of Twelve Miles Bluff


INDEX.


VII


INDIANS (Continued.) PAGE.


Winnebagoes


98


Indian Manner of Living


99


Want of domestic animals


100


Hunting and fishing .


101


Agriculture


102


Canoe


103


Tobacco


104


Pipes


106


Houses


109


Clothing


112


Family life


114


Wyandot Government


116


Civil government.


I17


Its functions.


119


Crimes and punishments


121


Outlawry


121


Military government.


122


Reflections


122


Sickness and cures


123


· Burial


125


Mourning for the dead


129


Wars.


131


Mode of fighting


133


Fire arms


135


Horses


136


Prisoners 136


Character of Indians 137


Sign-language. 140


Upper Mississippi Confederations. 141


Winnebago Confederacy


141


M


MOUND BUILDERS . 73


General remarks 73


Capt. Carver's description


74


From Randall's History of the Chippewa Valley ..... 75


Judge Gale's opinions. 75


126


Burial of the Chieftain- " " Omaha Chief


127


VIII


INDEX.


PAGE.


MOUND BUILDERS, (Continued.)


Indian Graves


76


From the work of J. P. Mclean


78


Reference to Scott's "Antiquary 78


Operations of David Wyrick.


79


Relics of Mound Builders 80


82


Addenda. 85


Opinions of Dr. P. R. Hoy


85


MANUFACTURES ...


399


Table Of capital invested


401


6 continued 402


" flouring mills 404 406


" saw mills


Wine.


407


Table of breweries


408


Cigars


409


Iron and articles of it


409


Leather and articles of it.


410


Wagons, carriages and sleighs


410


Creameries and Cheese factories. 410


Other industries 411


MAP, remarks on 654


N


NATURAL HISTORY


41


Zoology


41


Mammals


Birds


Summer'residents.


Winter residents


Fishes


45 46 47 48


Insects


49


Botany-Phanogamous plants


54


Partial List of fungi


66


Appendix of Cultivated plants .- A. Useful 66


B. Ornamental


69


42 43 43


Amphibians


Crustaceans


Origin of Mound Builders.


INDEX.


IX


PAGE.


ORGANIZATION


277


Act of, Chapt. 100 Session.


277


Laws of 1853-Amending it Chapt. 1 279


Session Laws of 1854 .- Act to organize Trempealeau County 280


Act to divide La Crosse Co. and organize Monroe County .. 280


First election and voters


282


County Board of Supervisors


283 284


Committees of the same.


First meeting


287


Election of 1859


293


Contention about the county-seat.


294


Change of County Board to Commissioners


298 313


Return to the old system


Sheriffs


Clerks of County Board


Treasurers


Register of Deeds


320


District Attorneys ..


320 320 321


County Superintendents


321


Coroners


321


County Judges


322


Present County Officers


322


P


PIONEERS-Thomas A. Holmes 216


Shakopee


217


Chaska 227


228


Henry Goehrke


229


Andrew Baertsch


231


Nicho as Leisch


231


Christian Wenger 232


233


Victor Probst


Joseph Berni 235


318 319 319


Clerks of Circuit Court.


County Surveyors


John Adam Weber.


X


INDEX.


PIONEERS (Continued.)


PAGE. 236


John Conrad Waecker


Caspar Wild 237


Madison Wright 237 General Remarks . 238 239


Development of Towns .


POLITICAL HISTORY


241


Wisconsin Territory.


246


Governors of the same


249 250


Legislative sessions .


251


Representation of Crawford County


252


Hon. Jos. R. Brown


253


Constitutional Conventions of Wisconsin 255 256


Sessions of Legislature


256


Senators. .


260 261


Assembly, members of


Present apportionment


262


State officers


263 263


Lieutenant Governors


264


Secretaries of State


264


State. Treasurers


264


Attorneys General


265


State Superintendents


265


Supreme Court.


266 266 266


Educational Institutions


Charitable, Reformatory and Penal Institutions 266


267


United States Senators


267


Representatives


268


United States Court, Western District


268


United States Government


269


History of Politics 269 POPULATION .


412


Enumeration of 1885


413


Classification by nativity 413


Secretaries " "


State organization


Governors


Circuit Court.


State Board Of Supervision


2


INDEX.


XI


POPULATION (Continued.) PAGE. Table of Census since 1855 with percentage of in-


crease .


416


Table of annual increase 417


Character of population 418 Society


PRESS


Historical notes .


453


Fountain City Beacon


454


Advocate 454


Buffalo County Advertiser


454


Journal 455


Republikaner 456


" Herald 459


459


English, German and Norwegian papers


PUBLIC HEALTH ..


Public Health Laws


479


PUBLIC SOCIETIES Turners .


494 495 495


At Buffalo City


At Fountain City


496


Shooting Societies


At Alma 496 497 at Alma 498 " Fountain City 499 500


West Wisconsin and Minnesota Schuetzenbund


Singing Societies Concordia at Alma 502 503 Arion of Beef River Valley 506 Frohsinn of Alma. 507 507


Germania of Fountain City


Harmonia "


508 508 508


Harmonie of Waumandee


Frohsinn of Lincoln. Howard Library Society


509


Pioneer Societies. 510


Old Settlers' Club of Modena® 510


Base Ball Clubs. 511


General Remarks 511


-


460 477


Other papers.


420


452


XII


INDEX.


PAGE.


RELIGION .- Catholic Churches. R


461


at Fountain City 461


Alma 462


Buffalo City


462


Waumandee. 462


" Montana 462


..


Glencoe 462 464


Canton


Protestant Churches.


Lutheran Congregations


Lyster Norwegian


464 464 464 465


Thompson Valley Norwegian :


Bennett


465


Naples Norwegian


at Fountain City


at Buffalo City


at Lincoln


at Waumandee


at Glencoe


Reformed Churches


at Alma.


at Fountain City


in Beef River Valley


in Waumandee. 468


468


Churches at Mondovi


469


Methodist Episcopal.


469 469


Baptist . .


Congregational 470


Unitarian Church at Gilmanton 470 471


Churches etc. in Modena


Evangelical Association.


473


at Alma


473


" Belvidere 473


Montana 473


" Waumandee 474


" Lincoln 474


" Fountain City 474


466 466 466 467 467 467 467 467 467 468


in Eagle Valley


INDEX.


XIII


RELIGION (Continued.)


PAGE


Church in Deer Creek Valley 474


on Beef Slough. 475


General Remarks 485


S


SECRET SOCIET ES 512


Masons, Alma Lodge 512


Odd Fellows, Steuben Lodge 513


Grangers 513


United Workmen-Fountain City Lodge 513


Mondovi Lodge


513


Alma 66


514


Grand Army of the Republic


Fimian Post


514


Temperance Societies 514


St. Patrick's T A. S. of Waumandee and Glencoe 514 Independent order of Good Templars 515 Sunshine Lodge 515


Knights of Pythias 515


Mondovi Lodge


515


Alma 6


515


SOCIETIES PUBLIC-See Public Societies. SOLDIERS


521


of Mexican war


521


of Late war. 521


Soldiers resident in but not furnished by BuffaloCo.


523


Soldiers furnished by Buffalo Co 525


1st Rgt. Cavalry 528


2d "


528 530


6th Battery Light Art.


1st Rgt. Infantry


531


3d "


531


5th


66


531 532


7th


536


8th


536


9th


¥


538


10th


541


6th "


514 514


J. W. Christian Post


XIV


INDEX.


SOLDIERS (Continued.)


PAGE.


12th Rgt. Infantry


541


15th "


541


16th


541


17th


541


18th


542


21st =


542


25th


542


26th 6.


552 552 552


36th


553


40th 6


553


48th ¥


553


49th " 66


555


50th "


555


Conclusion .


Supplementary list of resident soldiers 556


SETTLERS EARLY LIST OF. . 557


TOPOGRAPHY


T


1


Geometrical description 1


Date of Survey 3


Situation in Wisconsin 3


on the globe. 4


in Mississippi Valley 4


Tributaries to River 4


Subsidiary streams


1. To Chippewa River 4


2. " Buffalo River. 7


3. " Waumandee Creek 10


4. " Trempealeau River 12


14


Climate


TRANSPORTATION First Steamboat. 326


325


Galena and Minnesota Packet Co. 327


Seasons of Navigation at St. Paul. 331 do. at Winona. 332


18


Perpendicular Configuration


556


34th "


35th


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XVI


INDEX.


TOWNS (Continued.)


PAGE.


Town of Glencoe


638


Lincoln


639


Maxville


640


Milton 642


יו


Modena


643


Mondovi


644


Montana


645


Naples


647


Nelson


649


Waumandee


.:


650


TOPOGRAPHY.


SURVEY .LINES.


The county of Buffalo, in its present extent contains the fol- lowing Townships: Range 10, Township 24, full.


23,


do.


22,


do.


21,


do.


20, fractional west of Trempealeau River.


19,


do. and between Trempealeau and Mississippi River.


18,


do.


Range 11,


24,


full.


23,


do.


22,


do.


21,


do.


20,


do.


19, East of Mississippi River.


18,


do.


Range 12,


24,


full.


23,


do.


22,


do.


21, fractional, East of Mississippi River, 20, do.


19,


do.


Range 13,


24, full except Section 6, 23, full.


2


TOPOGRAPHY.


22, fractional, East of Mississippi River. 21, do.


20, do.


Range 14,


6+


24, fractional, East of Chippewa River.


6


23, do. do.


6 22, fractional, East of Mississippi River.


The whole area is equal to 690.5 square miles accounting sec- tions having fractions within, but boundaries full as whole, and sections fractional according to the area in acres put down on sur- veyors' maps.


Hence we find: Township 24 = 149.796 sq. miles.


" 23 =. 157.989


do.


6 22 = 141.115 do.


21 = 112.177' do.


20 = 77.662 do.


19= 45.731 do. do.


18= 6.048


Total 690.518 square miles.


The county is widest on the line between Townships 23 and 22 being there 27} miles or nearly so, and it runs to a point indi- cated by the junction of the Mississippi and Trempealeau rivers in Section 16, Township 18, Range 10; the northern boundary is a fraction less than 24 miles long there being only 28.50 chains of the northern boundary of Section 6, Township 24, Range 13, on the east side of the Chippewa River. All the Ranges in this county are West of the fourth principal meridian and all the Townships are North of the Wisconsin base line, which is identical with the southern boundary line of the state, that between Illinois and Wisconsin, situated in North latitude 42° 30'. The divisions mentioned in the above are those established by what is called the Government Survey, on which not only the calculation of areas but also the description of all lands, and the title to all real estate is primarily based. The subjoined table for which I am in- debted to General J. M. Rusk, now Governor of this state, who procured it for me from the General Land Office in 1874, when he was a Member of Congress, shows when the land in this county was surveyed by order of the Government.


TOPOGRAGPHY.


3


DATE OF SURVEY AND BY WHOM SURVEYED.


NO. OF TOWNSHIP


RANGE


WHEN SURVEYED BY WHOM SURVEYED


Tp. 18 North


, "


18


1)


10 W. 11 "


1848 and 1849 1848


D. A. Spalding. do.


19


16


10, 11, 12


1848


du.


20


10, 11, 12, 13


1848


do.


-


21


¥


10,11


1852


do.


22


.66


12, 13


1851


do.


22


14


1850


23


"'


10


1852


66


23


11, 12


1851


23


66


13


1849


23


14


1850


24


10, 11, 12


1852


John Ball.


24


13


1849


24


14


1849 and 1850


-


21


¥


10, 11, 12 13


1852


John Ball.


1851 and 1852


do.


22


S. W. Durham. John Ball. do .;. 1


S. W. Durham. do.


S. W. Durham. do.


-


SITUATION IN THE STATE OF WISCONSIN.


Buffalo County is situated in; the. central western part of the state, rather a little south of the central line which is in Township 23 or a little north of the line of that Township. It is on the Mississippi River and extends along the. same from the mouth of the Chippewa River to the mouth of the Trempealeau River. The Mississippi River separates it from the Counties .of Winona and Wabasha in Minnesota, the Chippewa River on the western bound- ary from Pepin County and the Trem pealeau River from Trem- pealeau County. The north line of Township 24 North is the line between Pepin and. Buffalo County from the Chippewa River to the line between Ranges 10 and 11 hence to the line between Ranges 9 and 10 it divides Buffalo from Eau Claire County. The latter Range line divides Buffalo from Trempealeau County from the northeast corner of Township 24, Range 10, which is . also the northeast corner of the county south to the southeast corner of Township 21, where it intersects . with the Trempealeau River. From that point the Trempealeau River forms part of the bound- ary down to the mouth. In. the, same way does the Chippewa River form the western boundary. of the county .from Section 6, Township 24, Range 13 to the mouth of the river in Section 4, Township 22, Range 14.


4


TOPOGRAPHY.


SITUATION ON THE GLOBE.


The 44th degree of North latitude runs through the village of Trempealeau in the county of the same name and about 2 miles south of, but close enough to the most southern point of our county, to mark its geographical limit as to latitude. Hence there are 40 miles (approximately) to the northern boundary of the county, which, according 70 statute miles to one degree of latitude would be in about 44° 34' 17" of North latitude. As to longitude I find that longitude 92° West of Greenwich, England or 15° West of Washington, D. C., is about half a mile east of the line be- tween Range 13 and 14 and 91° 30' West of Greenwich = 14° 30' West of Washington is about one mile east of the straight eastern boundary line of this county.


SITUATION IN THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY.


Buffalo County is in the upper part of the Mississippi Valley upon the left bank of the stream, immediately below the lower end of Lake Pepin, which point is almost identical with the mouth of the Chippewa River, extending down to the mouth of the Trempealeau River. All the drainage of the County goes directly or indirectly into the great river. The main tributaries from the county or its boundaries are:


1. Chippewa River including Beef Slough;


2. Buffalo or Beef River;


3. Eagle or Waumandee Creek;


4. Trempealeau River. ·


The subsidiary streams of the above tributaries are:


1. TO THE CHIPPEWA AND BEEF SLOUGH.


a. Big Bear Creek joining the main stream above Durand in Pepin County, but having the most considerable of its head waters in this county and draining especially the greatest part of Township 24, Range 12 to the north the same Township being known as Canton.


b. Upper Spring Creek coming from the northern part of Township 24, Range 13 flows west into Beef Slough.


c. Little Bear Creek is formed by the confluence of the North Branch coming from the southwestern part of Township 24, Range 12 flowing south, and the South Branch coming from the western part of Township 23, Range 12 (Modena) flowing north, either of


5


TOPOGRAPHY.


which might be considered as the source of the creek. After uniting the creek flows west receiving but one considerable affluent from the north, but from the south it receives Norway Creek, Center Creek, and Cascade Creek; it flows into Beef Slough.


d. Schaeublin's or Bygolly Creek from the western part of Township 23, Range 13 flows southwest into Beef Slough.


e. Deer Creek from the northern part of Township 22, Range 13 flows nearly south into Beef Slough.


f. Lower Spring Creek from the center of the same Township flows west into Beef Slough.


Iron Creek flows into the swamp or lake connected with


g. Beef River at its confluence with Beef Slough.


Before proceeding further on this part of our work we will consider the Chippewa River as far as it forms one of the natural boundary lines of our county, and Beef Slough which is in fact the eastern branch of the river and may have been in ancient times the main branch of it.


A look upon the map annexed to this description will satisfy us, that the current of the Chippewa has in the northern part of Section 12, Township 24, Range 14 an apparent tendency to enter into Beef Slough and that the so-called main channel sets off at almost a right angle from the center line of the stream above. There is no rock or hill at the division point, and it is therefore a surprise that this abrupt turn in the river ever took place. It is not the intention of the author to speculate on the causes underlying that fact, and if in a subsequent part of the book a rather apocryphal anecdote should be given, which might show that even in modern times at certain stages of the water Beef Slough at its head has been taken for the main stream, we do not want to have that picked up as an argument.


This departure from its general course is maintained by the main Chippewa for little more than half a mile, when after another rather abrupt turn, it returns to its former direction flowing about twelve miles nearly south, deviating but three miles west in that distance. On its right bank it is closely hemmed in by precipitous bluffs, and if now and then a valley cuts in to westward from the river, it is still considerably above the stream, even where it ad- joins it. The only subsidiary entering the river from the right


6


TOPOGRAPHY.


bank during this long run is Plum Creek, which comes from Pierce County. On the left bank is the delta between the River and Beef Slough known by the common name of the Chippewa Bottoms. The only considerable offset from the river on that side is Little Beef Slough, running southeast into main Beef Slough through sections 23, 24, 25 and 26 of Township 24, Range 14.


Beef Slough is a branch of the Chippewa River setting off from the main channel at the turn in section 12 above mentioned. It then pursues, though with considerable meanderings and numerous sharp turns, a general southern course, never getting out of the eastern range of sections until down to the Township line between Townships 23 and 22, Range 14 when it enters upon Township 22 at the southeast corner of Section 2 still continuing south to the corner of Sections 1, 2, 11 and 12 when Perrin or Par- rain Slough sets off to the west, while Beef Slough begins to take a general southeastern direction, which it keeps, with some deviat- ions and many turns, until its confluence with Beef River a short distance above the entrance of the latter into the Mississippi. It


would be difficult to decide from a study of the maps, which of the many sloughs laid down in Township 22, Ranges 14 and 13 west, was at the time of the survey (see table) considered the main slough, if. indeed, the matter received any particular considera- tion. At present the one used for driving logs from Flat Bar.to the rafting works is indisputably entitled to the preference. A number of points or localities along the Slough have received temporary names, invented and applied by the men working along the Slough, for their own convenience and mutual information, and communicated to the people living in the neighborhood. In the discussion of the history of the Beef Slough Company, and the development of the rafting business and its connections or relations to other industries these names may become significant and be employed. Beef Slough unites with Beef or Buffalo River in Section 26, Township 22, North of Range 13 West, and their united waters join the Mississippi River in Section 34 of the same Township near the quarter section corner between Sections 34 and 35. This part of the Slough or River is navigable for good sized stern wheel steamboats which are employed as raft tugs or push_ ers. In Section 21 there is a so-called cut-off by which such


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8


TOPOGRAPHY.


A. From the Right Bank.


a. Silver Creek, the only affluent from the north in Range 10 comes from the southern half of Township 25 in the same range, flows nearly south about three miles.


b. Hoyt's Creek, into which Bond's Creek flows from the east near the line between this and Eau Claire County, flows southwest uniting with Hunter's Creek, which flows about two miles west of it directly south to the place now occupied by the millpond, where in by-gone times it must have formed a natural pond and waterfall. It is about six miles long and flows through Mondovi.


c. Farrington's Creek. It originates in the southeastern part of Township 24, Range 12, and flowing north is joined by Dutch Creek, coming from the opposite direction, and after receiving some other affluents from the other side, flows in a southeastern direction into the river, through a depression between the plateau of Mondovi and adjoining hills.


d. Gilman's Creek much smaller, without any affluent, comes out of the hills about eight miles south of the former. Its general course is south and its length about three miles with a wide valley.


e. Brown's Creek takes its start at the quarter section corner in the town line of Section 3, Township 23, Range 12, flows through that section south, but afterwards southeast, it has a cascade of 40 feet made use of for a mill. It has a length of about six miles and flows in its upper part through tamarack and other swamps. The valley is wide and undulating, and there are some tributaries.


f. Jensen's Creek in the lower part of Township 23, Range 12, flows about one mile south and then about two miles east entering the river in Section 35.




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